169 lines
14 KiB
XML
169 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.158.1910" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45221874-7fe5-4bd5-a3da-3b318b7dd9a8" ID-PMC="PMC3253626" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-158-1" ID-PubMed="22303109" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-158-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 158" ModsDocTitle="A Revision of the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from Alaska and Adjacent Waters" checkinTime="1451249442870" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cairns, Stephen D. & Lindner, Alberto" docDate="2011" docId="2D7378BA77B174B6AD13835B4F5D47F8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 158: 1-88" docOrigin="ZooKeys 158" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.158.1910" docTitle="Errinopora dichotoma Lindner & Cairns, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="CD06FFFFD917034E2D15FFB73E6BFFD7" masterDocTitle="A Revision of the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from Alaska and Adjacent Waters" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1668153073747" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>A Revision of the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from Alaska and Adjacent Waters</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Lindner, Alberto</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>158</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>88</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.158.1910</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.158.1910</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-158-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032762" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7200AE40-A33D-4D86-A96C-1B6FC259A159" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D7378BA77B174B6AD13835B4F5D47F8" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7200AE40-A33D-4D86-A96C-1B6FC259A159" authority="Lindner & Cairns" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errinopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errinopora dichotoma" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">Errinopora dichotoma Lindner & Cairns</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="24" pageNumber="25">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Figs 11D12
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–M">A-M</normalizedToken>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errinopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errinopora dichotoma" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">Errinopora dichotoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lindner, 2005: 93-96, figs 4.2H, 4.7A, 4.12 (unpublished name).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Holotype: Dominator 971-73, 1 alcohol-preserved male colony 11.5 cm in height, USNM 1123508 (Fig. 11D). Paratypes: Alaskan Leader,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="53.02833">53°01'42"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-170.09984">170°05.99'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 200-400 m, 4 Jun 2000, 1 male, USNM 1123507; Alaskan Leader 35,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="53.03">53°01'48"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-170.10333">170°06'12"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 172-178 m, 4 Jun 2002, 1 female, 1 male, USNM 1137600; Dominator 971-73, topotypic, 1 dry branch, male, USNM 1148143. Type locality.Dominator 971-73,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.552776">52°33'10"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="179.42168">179°25'18"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(off northwestern Petrel Bank), 217 m, 26 Jun 1997.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">The specific name dichotoma, meaning "in two parts" (from the Greek dicha, meaning "in two" and tomos, meaning "part" or "slice"), referring to the dichotomous branching mode of this species.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="material examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Types.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Colonies three dimensional, robust, and sparsely branched, branching equally and widely dichotomously, resulting in broad U-shaped axils; branch anastomosis absent. Largest colony (holotype, Fig. 11D) 11.5 cm in height, with a basal branch diameter of 16
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
20 mm. Branches circular to elliptical in cross section, attenuating to thick (7-8 mm in diameter), blunt tips; tips of most branches missing (broken) from type material. As in most species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errinopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errinopora" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Errinopora</taxonomicName>
|
||
, coenosteum quite porous (Fig. 12
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="F–I">F-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
), composed of a reticulum of thin, spinose strips separated by wide slits or series of pores, the spines being up to 55
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in height and 15-24
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter. Coenosteum orange, branch cores being white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Dactylopore spines occur on all branch surfaces and quite variable in orientation (Fig. 12B), sometimes forming transverse or longitudinal rows of up to 7 laterally fused spines, spines sharing the same laterally fused row sometimes oriented in opposite directions, their dactylotomes facing in opposite directions. Isolated dactylopore spines also present. Dactylopore spines of moderate size and thick-walled, up to 1.2 mm
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="25" pageNumber="26" start="start">in</pageBreakToken>
|
||
height and 1.1 mm in width, the dactylotome occupying one-fourth to one-third width of spine. Small (80
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
diameter), circular secondary dactylopores common. Dactylostyles robust (Fig. 12C,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="L–M">L-M</normalizedToken>
|
||
), each about 0.125 mm in width, composed of elements up to 40
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in height and 10-12
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Gastropores circular, sometimes arranged in rows, otherwise randomly arranged, 0.3-0.5 mm in diameter; pores lack a ring palisade. Secondary gastropores (Fig. 12C, lower) 0.22-0.30 mm in diameter. Gastrostyle occupies most of gastropore cavity.
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="26" pageNumber="27" start="start">Gastrostyles</pageBreakToken>
|
||
lanceolate, up to 0.5 mm in height, bearing longitudinal, anastomosing, spinose ridges.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Intact female ampullae never observed, but coenosteal depressions 1.0-1.1 mm in diameter are common in one specimen, these presumed to be spent female ampullae. Male ampullae small, porous hemispheres 0.5-0.6 mm in diameter.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errinopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errinopora dichotoma" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">Errinopora dichotoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
is one of three species in the genus having a predominantly unilateral arrangement of dactylopore spines in which only one row of laterally fused spines (usually proximal to gastropores) have their dactylotomes facing a gastropore or gastropore row, the other species being
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errinopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errinopora nanneca" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nanneca">Errinopora nanneca</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errinopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errinopora zarhyncha" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="zarhyncha">Errinopora zarhyncha</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errinopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errinopora dichotoma" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">Errinopora dichotoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
is compared to those species in their respective accounts and in the Dichotomous Key and Table 1. Of the five specimens examined, 1 was presumed to be female and 4 male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Endemic to Aleutian Islands: off Petrel Bank, off Islands of Four Mountains; 178-217 m (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="538 - 545" title="A generic revision of the Stylasteridae (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Part 3. Keys to the genera." volume="49" year="1992">Cairns 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Appeltans, W" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" title="World Register of Marine Species." url="www.marinespecies.org" year="2001">Appeltans et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Figure 11. Color figures of skeleton of various Alaskan stylasterids: A, E, G
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster brochi" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brochi">Stylaster brochi</taxonomicName>
|
||
B, F, H
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster verrillii" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verrillii">Stylaster verrillii</taxonomicName>
|
||
C
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Stylaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylaster stejnegeri" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stejnegeri">Stylaster stejnegeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
, D
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errinopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errinopora dichotoma" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">Errinopora dichotoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A holotype, USNM 43264 B arborescent colony, USNM 1027819 C holotype, USNM 43271 D holotype, USNM 1123508 E large delicate sponge encrusted colony, USNM 1123304 F holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Allopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allopora moseleyi" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="moseleyi">Allopora moseleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, USNM 6851 G massive colony, USNM 1123006 H syntype, USNM 4193.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Figure 12. Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errinopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errinopora dichotoma" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">Errinopora dichotoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
, USNM 1123508: A branch cross section B colony surface showing
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="gastro–">gastro-</normalizedToken>
|
||
and dactylopores C dactylopore with dactylostyle (upper) and secondary gastropore (lower) D gastropore E, J gastrostyles
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="F–I">F-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
coenosteal texture K gastrostyle spines
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="L–M">L-M</normalizedToken>
|
||
dactylostyle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |