treatments-xml/data/19/0C/87/190C8795FFE2FF8F30FFFCB6FA8CC09C.xml

<document id="707CEEC942AF709D82B1E1B056DBFEF9" ID-DOI="10.26515/rzsi/v122/i3/2022/169417" ID-ISSN="2581-8686" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13185566" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722611788751" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Saikia, Bhaskar, Laskar, Mostaque A., Dinesh, K. P., Shabnam, A. &amp; Sinha, Bikramjit" docDate="2022" docId="190C8795FFE2FF8F30FFFCB6FA8CC09C" docLanguage="en" docName="RecZoolSurvIndia.122.3.247-266.pdf" docOrigin="Records of the Zoological Survey of India 122 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:30C78A88DFAFB68AE5A0604D5A6B2FFB.3:RecZoolSurvIndia.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="30C78A88DFAFB68AE5A0604D5A6B2FFB" docStyleName="RecZoolSurvIndia.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Amolops tawang Saikia, Laskar, Dinesh, Shabnam &amp; Sinha, 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="0E8EF24C-3FCD-4D1C-9245-3716E44044C6" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="256" masterDocId="E535FFEDFFE5FF86305FFFEBFFBDC062" masterDocTitle="Description of two new species of Amolops (Anura: Ranidae) from Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India under the morphological ‘ Viridimaculatus species group’" masterLastPageNumber="266" masterPageNumber="247" pageNumber="254" updateTime="1722662603149" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="3E2CC2E882D6A67BF6A6FD5E7AD0EBF3">Description of two new species of Amolops (Anura: Ranidae) from Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India under the morphological ‘ Viridimaculatus species group’</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F8C9FBAD4C42D27E65DFC1A1CDC9F55F">Saikia, Bhaskar</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4A39CF346D9B5818E333981A3D16377E">Zoological Survey of India, North Eastern Regional Centre, Shillong - 793003, Meghalaya, India; Email: bj. sinha @ gov. in</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CBD99A15B8A113EC0AF3C2981FC52189">Laskar, Mostaque A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="08BEFFEF5F1B94648253BA1D04C3B037">Department of Biotechnology, St. Anthony’s College, Shillong - 793001, Meghalaya, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4F41C0601B11D6750D150ED10BFB4582">Dinesh, K. P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="122B09A67ABC75DA3A0CCB400005D405">Zoological Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, Vidyanagar, Pune - 411044, Maharashtra, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C55322D125E31AC054EF10E79623E4CC">Shabnam, A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4E21CD2503D3BACD5FA29E479BC57DCE">Zoological Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, Vidyanagar, Pune - 411044, Maharashtra, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9728AF63B87F95F277B0B4B658634623">Sinha, Bikramjit</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DE93096A56553B132AAEA1F6A42AB299">Zoological Survey of India, North Eastern Regional Centre, Shillong - 793003, Meghalaya, India; Email: bj. sinha @ gov. in</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="56A54D00FFE2FF8130FFFCB6FEE3C31A" authorityName="Saikia &amp; Laskar &amp; Dinesh &amp; Shabnam &amp; Sinha" authorityYear="2022" box="[160,350,861,888]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Amolops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tawang" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFE2FF8130FFFCB6FEE3C31A" bold="true" box="[160,350,861,888]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Amolops tawang</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="911A3683FFE2FF8130FFFC69FE1BC3FE" blockId="7.[160,797,861,1176]" box="[160,422,898,924]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">(Tawang Cascade Frog)</paragraph>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 
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:
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, adult male (
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), collected by 
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and party on 08 March, 2018 from the 
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(
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; E
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91.780033; alt.: 
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), 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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.
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<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFE2FF8133DAFF3CFB07C092" box="[901,1210,214,240]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">
Diagnosis: 
<taxonomicName id="56A54D00FFE2FF81345FFF3DFB07C092" authorityName="Saikia &amp; Laskar &amp; Dinesh &amp; Shabnam &amp; Sinha" authorityYear="2022" box="[1024,1210,214,240]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Amolops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tawang" status="sp. nov.">Amolops tawang</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFE2FF81349BFF3DFAA4C092" bold="true" box="[1220,1305,214,240]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
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is a member of the morphological 
<taxonomicName id="56A54D00FFE2FF81346EFF11FB5FC176" baseAuthorityName="Jiang" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[1073,1250,250,276]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Amolops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridimaculatus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFE2FF81346EFF11FB5FC176" box="[1073,1250,250,276]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Viridimaculatus</emphasis>
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species group isolated in geographical space from its phylogenetic sister species having a distinct morphological set of characters. The new species can be diagnosed based on the following set of morphological characters: adult male size large (SVL 
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); head wider than long (HW&gt;HL); snout rounded, snout longer than eye length (SL&gt;EL); inter-orbital distance equals the upper eyelid width but smaller than the inter-narial distance (IUE=UEW&lt;IN); tympanum small and extremely depressed, about 20% of eye length; finger I disk slightly dilated, all disks with circum-marginal grooves, but absent in finger I; tibia longer than femur and foot (TiL&gt;ShL), about 2/3 
<superScript id="66D09BCBFFE2FF8134ABFD42FABFC2D5" attach="left" box="[1268,1282,681,695]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">rd</superScript>
of SVL; tibio-tarsal articulation reaches up to snout; supra-tympanic fold strong; dorso-lateral skin granular.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFE2FF8133DAFCFCFB79C352" box="[901,1220,790,816]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">
Description of the 
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</emphasis>
: Adult male (SVL 
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), body robust, head wider than long (HW&gt;HL), flat above; snout rounded, protruding in lateral view; snout longer than the eye diameter (SL&gt;EL); canthus rostralis distinct, loreal region depressed; inter-orbital space flat, equals the width of the eyelid, but narrower than the inter-narial distance (IUE=UEW&lt;IN); the nostrils laterally placed, equidistant between snout and eye (NE=NS); pupil horizontal; tympanum small and extremely depressed, separated from the eye by a distance of more than twice its diameter; pineal ocellus visible; a pair of vomerine teeth situated between the choanae; tongue bilobed. The vocal sac faintly visible.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFE2FF8130FFF8B7FEB5C714" bold="true" box="[160,264,1884,1910]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Holotype image of 
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<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFE2FF8131B5F8B7FD22C714" box="[490,671,1884,1910]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Amolops tawang</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8E257EAFFE2FF8132FAF8B7FD41C714" box="[677,764,1884,1910]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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in preserved condition (
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFE2FF81344FF8B7FB97C714" bold="true" box="[1040,1066,1884,1910]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">A:</emphasis>
dorsal view; 
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFE2FF8134E1F8B7FB6BC714" bold="true" box="[1214,1238,1884,1910]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">B:</emphasis>
ventral view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="911A3683FFEDFF8E30F2FEF5FD5CC1AA" blockId="8.[133,771,214,1897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">Arms meaty, forearm length shorter than the hand length; fingers free, tips ending in disk, finger I disk slightly dilated, all disks with circum-marginal grooves except finger I, relative length of fingers I&lt;II&lt;IV&lt;III; sub-articular tubercles prominent, circular; prepollex oval.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A3683FFEDFF8E30F2FE39FF69C2C2" blockId="8.[133,771,214,1897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">Hindlimbs long and strong, tibia longer than both femur and foot (TiL&gt;FOL&gt;ShL); toes long, tips of all toes dilated into disks with circum-marginal grooves, toes completely webbed; sub-articular tubercles domed shaped; inner metatarsal tubercle oval shaped, outer absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A3683FFEDFF8E30F2FD41FE42C36E" blockId="8.[133,771,214,1897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">The dorsal skin is smooth, slightly granular towards dorso-lateral sides; the supra-tympanic fold is strong; lateral and ventral skin is smooth.</paragraph>
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Colouration of the 
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:
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(
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFEDFF8E31B3FCFCFD9AC352" box="[492,551,790,816]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">in life</emphasis>
) Dorsal color olive-green, spotted with large, irregular shaped dark-brown spots, brown spots enclosing a number of small olive-green dots; laterally same as dorsally; ventral color dark, speckled with lighter dots and dashes. Dorso-laterally granular along with white-tipped minute tubercles. Tibia banded; thighs mottled with dark brown and olive-green (
<figureCitation id="099E2A06FFEDFF8E30D2FBF9FF56C44F" box="[141,235,1042,1069]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="6.[134,210,1884,1910]" captionTargetBox="[144,1461,1000,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-370@6.[144,1461,1000,1857]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 5. Live colour image of holotype of Amolops tawang sp. nov. (Photo: Bikramjit Sinha)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185577/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">Figure 5</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFEDFF8E30A0FBF8FE20C44E" box="[255,413,1043,1068]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">In preservative</emphasis>
same as in live condition, except that all the olive-green colours are faded (
<figureCitation id="099E2A06FFEDFF8E320CFBDDFD09C432" box="[595,692,1078,1104]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="7.[160,236,1884,1910]" captionTargetBox="[160,1499,1224,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-426@7.[157,1502,1219,1857]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 6. Holotype image of Amolops tawang sp. nov. in preserved condition (A: dorsal view; B: ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185579/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">Figure 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A3683FFEDFF8E30F2FBB1FD03C4DE" blockId="8.[133,771,214,1897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFEDFF8E30F2FBB1FE25C416" box="[173,408,1114,1140]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">
Condition of the 
<typeStatus id="4E1E8821FFEDFF8E313BFBB0FE2FC416" box="[356,402,1115,1140]" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">type</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
The 
<typeStatus id="4E1E8821FFEDFF8E3191FBB1FE43C416" box="[462,510,1114,1140]" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">type</typeStatus>
is in good condition. A ventral incision was made in the 
<typeStatus id="4E1E8821FFEDFF8E31ADFB95FD9FC4FA" box="[498,546,1150,1176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">type</typeStatus>
specimen to extract liver tissue, which was used in the molecular study.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A3683FFEDFF8E30F2FB2DFEA4C5DA" blockId="8.[133,771,214,1897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFEDFF8E30F2FB2DFED9C482" box="[173,356,1222,1248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">Natural history:</emphasis>
The lone specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="56A54D00FFEDFF8E32D4FB2DFCBEC482" authorityName="Saikia &amp; Laskar &amp; Dinesh &amp; Shabnam &amp; Sinha" authorityYear="2022" box="[651,771,1222,1248]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Amolops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tawang" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFEDFF8E32D4FB2DFCBEC482" box="[651,771,1222,1248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">A. tawang</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8E257EAFFEDFF8E30DAFB01FF55C567" box="[133,232,1258,1285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" rank="species">
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFEDFF8E30DAFB01FF5FC566" bold="true" box="[133,226,1258,1284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
was collected during the mid-day from a torrential hill stream with low water volume, which was characterised by large boulders. The specimen was resting under a boulder in a shallow trickle of water. A single specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="56A54D00FFEDFF8E314DFA90FE6DC5F6" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[274,464,1402,1428]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Nanorana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liebigii">
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFEDFF8E314DFA90FE6DC5F6" box="[274,464,1402,1428]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">Nanorana liebigii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was also collected from the same habitat.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A3683FFEDFF8E30F2FA29FE93C646" blockId="8.[133,771,214,1897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFEDFF8E30F2FA29FE87C5BE" box="[173,314,1474,1500]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">Distribution:</emphasis>
Currently, this species is known only from its 
<typeStatus id="4E1E8821FFEDFF8E30AAFA0CFE98C663" box="[245,293,1511,1537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">type</typeStatus>
locality in Tawang District, 
<collectingRegion id="5361F861FFEDFF8E32D3FA0DFF5CC646" country="India" name="Arunachal Pradesh" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">Arunachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E9B27613FFEDFF8E30B3F9E1FE97C646" box="[236,298,1546,1572]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A3683FFEDFF8E30F2F9C5FD32C60F" blockId="8.[133,771,214,1897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFEDFF8E30F2F9C5FEF9C62A" box="[173,324,1582,1608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">Comparisons:</emphasis>
The new species is compared with the other species of 
<taxonomicName id="56A54D00FFEDFF8E3166F9B9FE57C60E" baseAuthorityName="Jiang" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[313,490,1618,1644]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Amolops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridimaculatus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFEDFF8E3166F9B9FE57C60E" box="[313,490,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">Viridimaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A3683FFEDFF8E30F2F99CFBD4C62A" blockId="8.[133,771,214,1897]" lastBlockId="8.[835,1473,214,1897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">
From the Indian 
<taxonomicName id="56A54D00FFEDFF8E31CCF99DFDF9C6F2" baseAuthorityName="Jiang" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[403,580,1654,1680]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Amolops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridimaculatus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFEDFF8E31CCF99DFDF9C6F2" box="[403,580,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">Viridimaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group, 
<taxonomicName id="56A54D00FFEDFF8E30DAF971FEFCC6D6" authorityName="Saikia &amp; Laskar &amp; Dinesh &amp; Shabnam &amp; Sinha" authorityYear="2022" box="[133,321,1690,1716]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Amolops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tawang" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFEDFF8E30DAF971FEFCC6D6" box="[133,321,1690,1716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">Amolops tawang</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFEDFF8E3112F971FE17C6D6" bold="true" box="[333,426,1690,1716]" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8E257EAFFEDFF8E3112F971FE17C6D6" box="[333,426,1690,1716]" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="56A54D00FFEDFF8E3212F971FD68C6D6" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[589,725,1690,1716]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Amolops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFEDFF8E3212F971FD68C6D6" box="[589,725,1690,1716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">A. formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in parentheses) in having adult male larger (vs. smaller), tympanum small, distinct and depressed (vs. about the size of finger III disk), inner-metatarsal tubercles distinct (vs. indistinct), circum-marginal groove on finger I absent (vs. present), outer metatarsal tubercle absent (vs. present), dorsal color olive-green, spotted with large, irregular shaped dark-brown spots (vs. bright green with large dark spots), limbs with incomplete bands (vs. uniformly banded); from 
<taxonomicName id="56A54D00FFEDFF8E3402FEA9FAB5C13E" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1117,1288,322,348]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Amolops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="himalayanus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFEDFF8E3402FEA9FAB5C13E" box="[1117,1288,322,348]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">A. himalayanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in parentheses) in having larger male SVL&gt; 
<quantity id="565D9B66FFEDFF8E34D6FE8DFB61C1E3" box="[1161,1244,358,385]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="82.0">82 mm</quantity>
(vs. smaller &lt;
<quantity id="565D9B66FFEDFF8E35DFFE8DFCC9C1C6" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.45" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="7.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="74.5" valueMax="75.0" valueMin="74.0">74-75 mm</quantity>
), nostril equidistant (vs. nearer to eye), tympanum small, distinct and depressed (vs. slightly visible), visible sac faintly visible (vs. externally visible vocal sac present), tibia 2/3 
<superScript id="66D09BCBFFEDFF8E3457FE1EFBABC261" attach="left" box="[1032,1046,501,515]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">rd</superScript>
of SVL (vs. almost equal), tibio-tarsal articulation reached up to the snout (vs. beyond the tip of the snout), dorsal color olive-green, spotted with large, irregular shaped dark-brown spots (vs. olive with darker spots); from 
<taxonomicName id="56A54D00FFEDFF8E3381FD6DFBC0C2C2" authorityName="Biju, Mahony &amp; Kamei" authorityYear="2010" box="[990,1149,646,672]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Amolops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nidorbellus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFEDFF8E3381FD6DFBC0C2C2" box="[990,1149,646,672]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">A. nidorbellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in parentheses) in having larger male SVL&gt; 
<quantity id="565D9B66FFEDFF8E3457FD41FBEAC2A6" box="[1032,1111,682,708]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="82.0">82 mm</quantity>
(vs. smaller &lt;
<quantity id="565D9B66FFEDFF8E34B0FD41FAFDC2A6" box="[1263,1344,682,708]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="77.0">77 mm</quantity>
), IUEUEW (vs. IUE&gt;EUW), pineal ocellus distinct (vs. barely visible), vocal sac faintly visible (vs. externally visible vocal sacs absent), dorsal color olive-green, spotted with large, irregular shaped dark-brown spots (vs. brown with small, irregular cobalt green spots), ventral color dark, speckled with lighter dots and dashes (vs. pale brown with scattered small, white spots); from 
<taxonomicName id="56A54D00FFEDFF8E34B3FC4DFA7DC3A2" baseAuthorityName="Jiang" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[1260,1472,934,960]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Amolops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridimaculatus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFEDFF8E34B3FC4DFA7DC3A2" box="[1260,1472,934,960]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">A. viridimaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8E257EAFFEDFF8E331CFC21FC6CC386" box="[835,977,970,996]" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
(in parentheses) in having larger male SVL&gt; 
<quantity id="565D9B66FFEDFF8E330DFC05FC19C46A" box="[850,932,1006,1032]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="82.0">82 mm</quantity>
(vs. smaller &lt;
<quantity id="565D9B66FFEDFF8E3419FC05FB26C46A" box="[1094,1179,1006,1032]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="77.0">77 mm</quantity>
), head wider (vs. longer), tympanum distinct (vs. indistinct), outer metatarsal tubercle absent (vs. present), limbs not distinctly banded (vs. distinctly banded), dorsal color olive-green, spotted with large, irregular shaped dark-brown spots (vs. maroon red with large green blotches); from 
<taxonomicName id="56A54D00FFEDFF8E3567FB49FA7DC4DE" authorityName="Saikia &amp; Laskar &amp; Dinesh &amp; Shabnam &amp; Sinha" authorityYear="2022" box="[1336,1472,1186,1212]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Amolops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chanakya" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFEDFF8E3567FB49FA7DC4DE" box="[1336,1472,1186,1212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">A. chanakya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFEDFF8E331CFB2DFC21C482" bold="true" box="[835,924,1222,1248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8E257EAFFEDFF8E331CFB2DFC21C482" box="[835,924,1222,1248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(in parentheses) in having larger male SVL&gt; 
<quantity id="565D9B66FFEDFF8E35FAFB2DFCCCC566" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="82.0">82 mm</quantity>
(vs. smaller &lt;
<quantity id="565D9B66FFEDFF8E3451FB01FBDFC566" box="[1038,1122,1258,1284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="77.0">77 mm</quantity>
), nostril equidistant (vs. nearer to the eye), IUE=UEW (vs. IUE&lt;UEW), tympanum extremely depressed and small (vs. larger), TYD = ½TE (vs. TYD ≈ TE), external vocal sac faintly visible (vs. distinctly visible), tibio-tarsal articulation reaches up to snout (vs. nostril), dorsal color olive-green, spotted with large, irregular shaped dark-brown spots (vs. dorsum dull brick-red, spotted with irregular cocoa-brown spots), ventral color dark, speckled with lighter dots and dashes (vs. ventral cocoa-brown).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A3683FFEDFF8F3334F9B8FD64C5BE" blockId="8.[835,1473,214,1897]" lastBlockId="9.[160,798,214,1788]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="256" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">
From the 
<taxonomicName id="56A54D00FFEDFF8E33A7F9B9FB14C60E" baseAuthorityName="Jiang" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[1016,1193,1618,1644]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Amolops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridimaculatus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFEDFF8E33A7F9B9FB14C60E" box="[1016,1193,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">Viridimaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group found outside 
<collectingCountry id="E9B27613FFEDFF8E33FBF99DFC5CC6F2" box="[932,993,1654,1680]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">India</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="56A54D00FFEDFF8E33AAF99DFB09C6F2" authorityName="Saikia &amp; Laskar &amp; Dinesh &amp; Shabnam &amp; Sinha" authorityYear="2022" box="[1013,1204,1654,1680]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Amolops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tawang" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFEDFF8E33AAF99DFB09C6F2" box="[1013,1204,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">Amolops tawang</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFEDFF8E349BF99DFA99C6F2" bold="true" box="[1220,1316,1654,1680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8E257EAFFEDFF8E349BF99DFA99C6F2" box="[1220,1316,1654,1680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="56A54D00FFEDFF8E331CF971FC52C6D6" box="[835,1007,1690,1716]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Amolops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beibengensis">
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFEDFF8E331CF971FC52C6D6" box="[835,1007,1690,1716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="255">A. beibengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in parentheses) in having larger male SVL&gt; 
<quantity id="565D9B66FFEDFF8E33D3F955FC62C6BB" box="[908,991,1726,1753]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="82.0">82 mm</quantity>
(vs. &lt;
<quantity id="565D9B66FFEDFF8E3476F955FB3DC6BA" box="[1065,1152,1726,1752]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="76.0">76 mm</quantity>
), head wider than long (vs. HL=HW), tibio-tarsal articulation reached up to the snout (vs. between nose and eye), vocal sac faintly visible (vs. absent), dorsal color olive-green, spotted with large, irregular shaped dark-brown spots (vs. dorsum brown with green spots); from 
<taxonomicName id="56A54D00FFECFF8F31E9FF3DFDE3C092" box="[438,606,214,240]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Amolops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gyirongensis">
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFECFF8F31E9FF3DFDE3C092" box="[438,606,214,240]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">A. gyirongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in parentheses) in having larger male SVL&gt; 
<quantity id="565D9B66FFECFF8F3180FF11FD8CC176" box="[479,561,250,276]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="82.0">82 mm</quantity>
(vs. &lt;
<quantity id="565D9B66FFECFF8F3229FF11FD76C176" box="[630,715,250,276]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="64.0">64 mm</quantity>
), tibio-tarsal articulation reached up to the snout (vs. nostril), vocal sac faintly visible (vs. absent); dorsal color olive-green, spotted with large, irregular shaped dark-brown spots (vs. bright green with dark brown irregular large spots); from 
<taxonomicName id="56A54D00FFECFF8F3173FE45FE0EC1AA" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[300,435,430,456]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Amolops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaulbacki">
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFECFF8F3173FE45FE0EC1AA" box="[300,435,430,456]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">A. kaulbacki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in parentheses) in having larger male SVL&gt; 
<quantity id="565D9B66FFECFF8F3174FE39FEC3C18E" box="[299,382,466,492]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="82.0">82 mm</quantity>
(vs. up to 
<quantity id="565D9B66FFECFF8F325BFE39FDE7C18E" box="[516,602,466,492]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="72.0">72 mm</quantity>
), IN&gt;IUE=UEW (vs. IN&gt;IUE&gt;UEW), tibio-tarsal articulation reached up to the snout (vs. beyond snout), vocal sac faintly visible (vs. absent), dorsal color olive-green, spotted with large, irregular shaped dark-brown spots (vs. green with black spots and marbling); from 
<taxonomicName id="56A54D00FFECFF8F3198FD6DFDD9C2C2" baseAuthorityName="Andersson" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[455,612,646,672]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Amolops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longimanus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFECFF8F3198FD6DFDD9C2C2" box="[455,612,646,672]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">A. longimanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in parentheses) in not having distinctive dorsolateral fold (vs. present), absence of parotid-like swelling above tympanum (vs. present); from 
<taxonomicName id="56A54D00FFECFF8F3114FD19FE54C36E" authorityName="Li &amp; Rao in Zhao, Rao, Lu &amp; Dong" authorityYear="2005" box="[331,489,754,780]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Amolops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="medogensis">
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFECFF8F3114FD19FE54C36E" box="[331,489,754,780]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">A. medogensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in parentheses) in having smaller male SVL of 
<quantity id="565D9B66FFECFF8F31D9FCFDFE68C352" box="[390,469,790,816]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="82.0">82 mm</quantity>
(vs. 
<quantity id="565D9B66FFECFF8F3257FCFDFDE7C352" box="[520,602,790,817]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="95.0">95 mm</quantity>
), vocal sac faintly visible (vs. absent), dorsal color olive-green, spotted with large, irregular shaped dark-brown spots (vs. olive green with brown markings/dark brown with small yellow-green spots); from 
<taxonomicName id="56A54D00FFECFF8F31D5FC4DFD93C3A2" authorityName="Qi, Zhou, Lyu, Lu &amp; Li" authorityYear="2019" box="[394,558,934,960]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Amolops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallasitatus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFECFF8F31D5FC4DFD93C3A2" box="[394,558,934,960]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">A. pallasitatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in parentheses) in having tibio-tarsal articulation reached up to the snout (vs. posterior eye corner), dorsal color olive-green, spotted with large, irregular shaped dark-brown spots (vs. yellow green with irregular dark brown blotches); from 
<taxonomicName id="56A54D00FFECFF8F30FFFBB1FEE4C416" authorityName="Orlov &amp; Ho" authorityYear="2007" box="[160,345,1114,1140]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Amolops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendissimus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFECFF8F30FFFBB1FEE4C416" box="[160,345,1114,1140]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">A. splendissimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in parentheses) in having larger male SVL&gt; 
<quantity id="565D9B66FFECFF8F30B8FB95FE85C4FA" box="[231,312,1150,1176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="82.0">82 mm</quantity>
(vs. 
<quantity id="565D9B66FFECFF8F3130FB95FE7FC4FA" box="[367,450,1150,1176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="76.0">76 mm</quantity>
), IUE=UWD (vs. IUE&lt;UEW), supra-tympanic fold strong (vs. poorly developed), vocal sac faintly visible (vs. absent), dorsal color olive-green, spotted with large, irregular shaped dark-brown spots (vs. black-brown spangled thickly with bright yellow spots); from 
<taxonomicName id="56A54D00FFECFF8F30BBFAD9FE31C52E" box="[228,396,1330,1356]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Amolops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wangyufani">
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFECFF8F30BBFAD9FE31C52E" box="[228,396,1330,1356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">A. wangyufani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in parentheses) in having larger male SVL&gt; 
<quantity id="565D9B66FFECFF8F317DFABDFECFC513" box="[290,370,1366,1393]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="82.0">82 mm</quantity>
(vs. &lt;
<quantity id="565D9B66FFECFF8F31EBFABDFDBAC512" box="[436,519,1366,1392]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
), tibio-tarsal articulation reached up to the snout (vs. beyond snout), dorsal color olive-green, spotted with large, irregular shaped dark-brown spots (vs. brown with sparse green patches).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A3683FFECFF8F3097FA0DFF58C69E" blockId="9.[160,798,214,1788]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFECFF8F3097FA0DFEFEC662" box="[200,323,1510,1536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Etymology:</emphasis>
The species epithet is a toponym named after the district Tawang, from where the 
<typeStatus id="4E1E8821FFECFF8F32ECF9E0FD5EC647" box="[691,739,1547,1573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">type</typeStatus>
was collected. Located in the westernmost part of 
<collectingRegion id="5361F861FFECFF8F32F8F9C5FF41C60E" country="India" name="Arunachal Pradesh" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Arunachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
, Tawang is renowned for Tawang Monastery, which is the largest in 
<collectingCountry id="E9B27613FFECFF8F31CAF99DFE6DC6F2" box="[405,464,1654,1680]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">India</collectingCountry>
as well as being the birthplace of the 6 
<superScript id="66D09BCBFFECFF8F315FF972FEB3C6C5" attach="left" box="[256,270,1689,1703]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">th</superScript>
Dalai Lama, Tsangyang Gyatso. The species epithet is treated as a noun in apposition to the generic name.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A3683FFECFF8F30FFF8C1FCA0C70A" blockId="9.[160,797,1834,1896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFECFF8F30FFF8C1FE71C726" box="[160,460,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Suggested Common Name:</emphasis>
We suggest 
<emphasis id="A3D1EA91FFECFF8F323EF8C1FF6CC705" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">Tawang cascade frog</emphasis>
as a common English name and तवांग झरना मढक
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A3683FFECFF8F3302FF0EFA8CC09C" blockId="9.[861,1329,228,255]" box="[861,1329,228,255]" pageId="9" pageNumber="256">as a common Hindi name for this species.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>