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<document id="F617FF42CFA2D7685E6045E4043D6BF3" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4012.1.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="27ca32ba-91ea-49e7-a561-29723a7dd3c2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="234683" ID-ZooBank="8D1CBEC7-FAC0-4CEF-BB26-D6C76CCDD166" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461228368828" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sun, Ting, Zhang, Lv, Wang, An-Tai &amp; Zhang, Yu" docDate="2015" docId="8719CD14FFE9FFBCFF4DFB60FEB8F886" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04012p134.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4012 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Macrostomum dongyuanensis Wang &amp; Sun, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="127" masterDocId="7B20B56CFFEFFFBBFFDAFF87FFFCFFA0" masterDocTitle="Three new species of freshwater Macrostomum (Platyhelminthes, Macrostomida) from southern China" masterLastPageNumber="134" masterPageNumber="120" pageNumber="126" updateTime="1698604978303" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="49262E96B1D97D814D41635FBFC7277F">Three new species of freshwater Macrostomum (Platyhelminthes, Macrostomida) from southern China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4E82DA67E1393D55D4568703544CBDFE">Sun, Ting</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9769B38753657FE3A29D18221197AB7B">Zhang, Lv</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7890ED53636BF1AD47C810896FA0899A">Wang, An-Tai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="16F85F20506D828D3060E71036711DF5">Zhang, Yu</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="8719CD14FFE9FFBCFF4DFB60FEB8F886" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6121560" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119632888" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6121560" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8719CD14FFE9FFBCFF4DFB60FEB8F886" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8719CD14FFE9FFBCFF4DFB60FEB8F886" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">
<subSubSection id="47AA2F89FFE9FFBDFF4DFB60FEEDFA82" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0F0F7C02FFE9FFBDFF4DFB60FD08FAA1" blockId="6.[151,756,1255,1315]" box="[151,756,1255,1281]" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">
<heading id="5447CB6EFFE9FFBDFF4DFB60FD08FAA1" bold="true" box="[151,756,1255,1281]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" reason="1">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE9FFBDFF4DFB60FD08FAA1" bold="true" box="[151,756,1255,1281]" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE9FFBDFF4DFB60FD57FAA1" ID-CoL="3XB5V" authority="Wang &amp; Sun" authorityName="Wang &amp; Sun" box="[151,683,1255,1281]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dongyuanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE9FFBDFF4DFB60FDFFFAA1" bold="true" box="[151,515,1255,1281]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">Macrostomum dongyuanensis</emphasis>
Wang &amp; Sun
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="26F71D6BFFE9FFBDFD69FB60FD08FAA1" box="[691,756,1255,1281]" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0F0F7C02FFE9FFBDFF4DFA8DFEEDFA82" blockId="6.[151,756,1255,1315]" box="[151,273,1290,1315]" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">
(
<figureCitation id="978B6087FFE9FFBDFF45FA8DFEF6FA82" box="[159,266,1290,1315]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 7" captionStart-1="FIGURE 8" captionStart-2="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="8.[151,250,1729,1751]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,250,1373,1395]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,250,1215,1237]" captionTargetBox-0="[261,1379,195,1706]" captionTargetBox-1="[391,1196,447,1350]" captionTargetBox-2="[161,1418,187,1174]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[207,1379,195,1707]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[391,1196,445,1352]" captionTargetId-2="figure@10.[151,1435,171,1196]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionText-0="FIGURE 7. Macrostomum dongyuanensis Wang &amp; Sun n. sp..: (A-F) whole body photographed in life; (G) copulatory apparatus; (H and I) penis stylet; (J) sperm." captionText-1="FIGURE 8. Macrostomum dongyuanensis Wang &amp; Sun n. sp.: (A D) horizontal whole body section; (E and F) longitudinal whole body section." captionText-2="FIGURE 9. Macrostomum dongyuanensis Wang &amp; Sun n. sp.: (A) whole body; (B) profile of the tail; (C) copulatory apparatus; (D) penis stylet; (E) sperm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/234690/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/234691/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/234692/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">Figs. 79</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="47AA2F89FFE9FFBDFF4DFAD5FCA9FA13" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0F0F7C02FFE9FFBDFF4DFAD5FCA9FA13" blockId="6.[151,1437,1362,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE9FFBDFF4DFAD5FE7DFACB" bold="true" box="[151,385,1362,1387]" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">Material exmained.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="D00BC2A0FFE9FFBDFE52FAD5FE0CFACB" box="[392,496,1362,1387]" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(PLA-Ma0021): permanent slides of longitudinal section.
<typeStatus id="D00BC2A0FFE9FFBDFB5FFAD4FB1BFACB" box="[1157,1255,1363,1387]" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
(PLA-Ma0022- 23): permanent slides of longitudinal and horizontal sections. All specimens are deposited in
<collectionCode id="69A1E4C7FFE9FFBDFB6AFAF0FAF9FA2F" box="[1200,1285,1399,1423]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/crjh-4ne1" name="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">IZCAS</collectionCode>
. The samples were collected at the same site as that of
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE9FFBDFDBBFA1CFCF3FA12" box="[609,783,1434,1458]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="heyuanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE9FFBDFDBBFA1CFCF3FA12" box="[609,783,1434,1458]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">M. heyuanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE9FFBDFCCCFA1DFCA9FA13" bold="true" box="[790,853,1434,1459]" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="26F71D6BFFE9FFBDFCCCFA1DFCA9FA13" box="[790,853,1434,1459]" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="47AA2F89FFE9FFBDFF1DFA39FE21FA5B" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="0F0F7C02FFE9FFBDFF1DFA39FE21FA5B" blockId="6.[151,1437,1362,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE9FFBDFF1DFA39FEB2FA77" bold="true" box="[199,334,1470,1495]" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name of the new species is originated from the name of Dongyuan County, Heyuan City, Guangdong Province,
<collectingCountry id="77A73C92FFE9FFBDFE48FA65FE25FA5B" box="[402,473,1506,1531]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="47AA2F89FFE9FFBDFF1DF981FBB0F9E3" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" type="description">
<paragraph id="0F0F7C02FFE9FFBDFF1DF981FBB0F9E3" blockId="6.[151,1437,1362,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE9FFBDFF1DF981FEA5F9BF" bold="true" box="[199,345,1542,1567]" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">Description.</emphasis>
The body is flat, transparent and in milk white color. The length and width of its body is 2639 ± 274.2 µm (n = 4) and 631 ± 108.4 Μm (n = 4), respectively (
<figureCitation id="978B6087FFE9FFBDFCEDF9ADFC7FF9E3" box="[823,899,1578,1603]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1729,1751]" captionTargetBox="[261,1379,195,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[207,1379,195,1707]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Macrostomum dongyuanensis Wang &amp; Sun n. sp..: (A-F) whole body photographed in life; (G) copulatory apparatus; (H and I) penis stylet; (J) sperm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234690/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
AD, 8AB, 9A).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="47AA2F89FFE9FFBDFF17F9C8FA60F852" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="0F0F7C02FFE9FFBDFF17F9C8FA60F852" blockId="6.[151,1437,1362,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE9FFBDFF17F9C8FE65F9C6" ID-CoL="3XB5V" box="[205,409,1614,1638]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dongyuanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE9FFBDFF17F9C8FE65F9C6" box="[205,409,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">M. dongyuanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE9FFBDFE45F9C9FE21F9C7" bold="true" box="[415,477,1614,1639]" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="26F71D6BFFE9FFBDFE45F9C9FE21F9C7" box="[415,477,1614,1639]" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is hermaphroditic. The male reproductive system has a pair of elliptical-shaped testes (t), which is located at both sides of intestine. The morphology of the sperm (
<figureCitation id="978B6087FFE9FFBDFBDCF9F5FBA9F92A" box="[1030,1109,1650,1675]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1729,1751]" captionTargetBox="[261,1379,195,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[207,1379,195,1707]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Macrostomum dongyuanensis Wang &amp; Sun n. sp..: (A-F) whole body photographed in life; (G) copulatory apparatus; (H and I) penis stylet; (J) sperm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234690/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
J, 9E) is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE9FFBDFAA7F9F4FE13F90F" ID-CoL="3XB7J" authority="Scharer et al. 2011" authorityName="Scharer et al." authorityYear="2011" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lignano">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE9FFBDFAA7F9F4FF11F90E" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">M. lignano</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6B2101F3FFE9FFBDFF25F911FE1BF90F" author="Scharer" box="[255,487,1686,1711]" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" refString="Scharer, L., Littlewood, T. J., Waeschenbach, A., Yoshida, W. &amp; Vizoso, D. B. (2011) Mating behavior and the evolution of sperm design. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108, 1490 - 1495. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 1013892108" type="journal article" year="2011">
Schärer
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE9FFBDFEB9F910FE5CF90E" box="[355,416,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. When adult
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE9FFBDFD4BF910FC9DF90E" ID-CoL="3XB5V" box="[657,865,1686,1710]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dongyuanensis">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE9FFBDFD4BF910FC9DF90E" box="[657,865,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">M. dongyuanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is swimming, the false vesicula seminalis (fvs), vesicula seminalis (vs) and vesicula granulorum (vg) are arranged from the anterior- to posterior-part along the mediventral line (n&gt; 10,
<figureCitation id="978B6087FFE9FFBDFE65F959FDFFF957" box="[447,515,1758,1783]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1729,1751]" captionTargetBox="[261,1379,195,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[207,1379,195,1707]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Macrostomum dongyuanensis Wang &amp; Sun n. sp..: (A-F) whole body photographed in life; (G) copulatory apparatus; (H and I) penis stylet; (J) sperm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234690/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
F). The posterior side of vesicula seminalis (vs) is connected with a “U”-shaped vesicula granulorum (vg). The posterior end of vesicula granulorum (vg) is connected with and partially penetrated into penis stylet (ps) tube (
<figureCitation id="978B6087FFE9FFBDFE13F8A1FDEBF89F" box="[457,535,1830,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1729,1751]" captionTargetBox="[261,1379,195,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[207,1379,195,1707]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Macrostomum dongyuanensis Wang &amp; Sun n. sp..: (A-F) whole body photographed in life; (G) copulatory apparatus; (H and I) penis stylet; (J) sperm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234690/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
G, 8EF, 9AC). Penis stylet (ps) is bended in a “J” shape planimetrically. The distal opening points at the male gonopore (mg). The curved-line (marked as a) and straight-line (marked as b) distances between the base and distal end of penis stylet (ps) are 157 ± 20.78 Μm (n = 5) and 152 ± 23.58 Μm (n = 5), respectively (
<figureCitation id="978B6087FFE9FFBDFE8EF815FE65F80B" box="[340,409,1938,1963]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1538,1560]" captionTargetBox="[160,1419,454,1504]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,445,1516]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Macrostomum heyuanensis Wang &amp; Sun, n. sp., ventral view: (A) body in whole; (B) profile of the tail; (C) copulatory apparatus; (D) penis stylet; (E) sperm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234687/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
D). The diameters of basal and distal parts of penis stylet (ps) are 27 ± 4.15 Μm (n = 5) and 4.4 ± 0.50 Μm (n = 5), respectively. (
<figureCitation id="978B6087FFE9FFBDFDE2F831FD80F86F" box="[568,636,1974,1999]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1215,1237]" captionTargetBox="[161,1418,187,1174]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1435,171,1196]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 9. Macrostomum dongyuanensis Wang &amp; Sun n. sp.: (A) whole body; (B) profile of the tail; (C) copulatory apparatus; (D) penis stylet; (E) sperm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234692/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
D). The distal end of penis stylet (ps) has no spine nor thickening. The features of the female reproductive system are identical to those of other species within the genus of
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE9FFBDFB2EF85CFA69F852" ID-CoL="7PDF6" box="[1268,1429,2011,2034]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="126" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE9FFBDFB2EF85CFA69F852" box="[1268,1429,2011,2034]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="126">Macrostomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="5BCF2C8AFFE8FFBCFF4DFBEBFECAFB01" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234689/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" targetBox="[164,1423,207,1099]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="0F0F7C02FFE8FFBCFF4DFBEBFECAFB01" blockId="7.[151,1436,1132,1185]" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFF4DFBEBFEEFFB21" bold="true" box="[151,275,1132,1154]" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
The phylogenetic tree of 18S rDNA gene generated with Neighbor-Joining method. (bootstrap=1000, Kimura 2- parameter type)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="47AA2F89FFE8FFBCFF1DFB76FEB8F886" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="0F0F7C02FFE8FFBCFF1DFB76FD2AF9A6" blockId="7.[151,1436,1265,1830]" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFF1DFB76FEC7FAAA" bold="true" box="[199,315,1265,1290]" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">Remarks.</emphasis>
A dozen species are similar to
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFD47FB75FC95FAAA" box="[669,873,1266,1290]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dongyuanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFD47FB75FC95FAAA" box="[669,873,1266,1290]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">M. dongyuanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFCABFB76FC4CFAAA" bold="true" box="[881,944,1265,1290]" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="26F71D6BFFE8FFBCFCABFB76FC4CFAAA" box="[881,944,1265,1290]" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFC2AFB75FA6BFAAA" authority="Kepner &amp; Stiff, 1932" authorityName="Kepner &amp; Stiff" authorityYear="1932" box="[1008,1431,1265,1290]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bulbostylum">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFC2AFB75FB63FAAA" box="[1008,1183,1266,1290]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">M. bulbostylum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6B2101F3FFE8FFBCFB7CFB75FA6BFAAA" author="Kepner" box="[1190,1431,1265,1290]" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" refString="Kepner, W. A. &amp; Stiff, M. W. (1932) Observations upon the American representative of Macrostomum tuba. Journal of Morphology, 54, 221 - 230. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 1050540107" type="journal article" year="1932">Kepner &amp; Stiff, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFF4DFA91FE3BFA8E" authority="Luther, 1947" authorityName="Luther" authorityYear="1947" box="[151,455,1301,1326]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="curvituba">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFF4DFA91FED5FA8D" box="[151,297,1301,1325]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">M. curvituba</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6B2101F3FFE8FFBCFEE8FA92FE3BFA8E" author="Luther" box="[306,455,1301,1326]" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" refString="Luther, A. (1947) Untersuchungen an rhabdocoelen Turbellarien VI. Macrostomiden aus Finnland. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 49, 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="1947">Luther, 1947</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFE0EFA91FD5FFA8E" authority="Papi, 1959" authorityName="Papi" authorityYear="1959" box="[468,675,1301,1326]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="axi">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFE0EFA91FDE1FA8D" box="[468,541,1302,1325]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">M. axi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6B2101F3FFE8FFBCFDFCFA92FD5FFA8E" author="Papi" box="[550,675,1301,1326]" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" refString="Papi, F. (1959) Specie nuove o poco note del gen. Macrostomum (Turbellaria Macrostomida) rinvenute in Italia. Monitore Zoologico Italano, 66, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1959">Papi, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFD6AFA91FC2BFA8E" authority="Luther, 1947" authorityName="Luther" authorityYear="1947" box="[688,983,1301,1326]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="balticum">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFD6AFA91FCC5FA8D" box="[688,825,1301,1325]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">M. balticum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6B2101F3FFE8FFBCFC98FA92FC2BFA8E" author="Luther" box="[834,983,1301,1326]" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" refString="Luther, A. (1947) Untersuchungen an rhabdocoelen Turbellarien VI. Macrostomiden aus Finnland. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 49, 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="1947">Luther, 1947</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFC3EFA91FA94FA8E" authority="Beklemischev, 1950" authorityName="Beklemischev" authorityYear="1950" box="[996,1384,1301,1326]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="amurense">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFC3EFA91FB8BFA8D" box="[996,1143,1302,1325]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">M. amurense</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6B2101F3FFE8FFBCFB5AFA92FA94FA8E" author="Beklemischev" box="[1152,1384,1301,1326]" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" refString="Beklemischev, V. N. (1950) O presnovodnykh Turbellaria Rhabdocoela Dal'nego Vostaka. Z. Moskauer Naturwissenschaftlichen Ges, 55, 25 - 28" type="journal article" year="1950">Beklemischev, 1950</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFAAEFA91FE16FAF2" authority="Beklemischev, 1951" authorityName="Beklemischev" authorityYear="1951" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="quiritium">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFAAEFA91FF03FAF1" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">M. quiritium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6B2101F3FFE8FFBCFEDCFABEFE16FAF2" author="Beklemischev" box="[262,490,1337,1362]" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" refString="Beklemischev, V. N. (1951) Species belonging to the genus Macrostomum (Turbellaria, Rhabdocoela) of the Soviet Union. Z. Moskauer Naturwissenschaftlichen Ges, 56, 31 - 40. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1951">Beklemischev, 1951</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFE2CFABDFCCFFAF2" authority="Young, 1976" authorityName="Young" authorityYear="1976" box="[502,819,1337,1362]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="georgeense">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFE2CFABDFD65FAF1" box="[502,665,1338,1361]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">M. georgeense</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6B2101F3FFE8FFBCFD7BFABDFCCFFAF2" author="Young" box="[673,819,1337,1362]" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" refString="Young, J. O. (1976) Systematic studies of limnic Macrostomum species (Turbellaria, Macrostomida) from East Africa. Zoologica Scripta, 5, 49 - 60. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1976. tb 00681. x" type="journal article" year="1976">Young, 1976</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFCE4FABDFBC3FAF2" authority="Ball, 1977" authorityName="Ball" authorityYear="1977" box="[830,1087,1337,1362]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="parmum">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFCE4FABDFC3CFAF1" box="[830,960,1338,1361]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">M. parmum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6B2101F3FFE8FFBCFC1DFABEFBC3FAF2" author="Ball" box="[967,1087,1337,1362]" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" refString="Ball, I. R. (1977) Turbellaria. Musee Royal de L' Afrique Centrale - Tervuren, Belgique Annales - Serie, 8, 492 - 511." type="journal article" year="1977">Ball, 1977</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFB93FABDFA64FAF2" authority="Ax, 1994" authorityName="Ax" authorityYear="1994" box="[1097,1432,1338,1362]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="magnacurvituba">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFB93FABDFADAFAF2" box="[1097,1318,1338,1362]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">M. magnacurvituba</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6B2101F3FFE8FFBCFAF7FABDFA64FAF2" author="Ax" box="[1325,1432,1338,1362]" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" refString="Ax, P. (1994) Macrostomum magnacurvituba n. sp. (Macrostomida, Plathelminthes) replaces Macrostomum curvituba in coastal waters of Greenland and Iceland. Microfauna Marina, 9, 335 - 338." type="journal article" year="1994">Ax, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFF4DFAD9FE5FFAD6" authority="Wang, 2005" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="2005" box="[151,419,1373,1398]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFF4DFAD9FEE9FAD5" box="[151,277,1374,1397]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">M. sinensis</emphasis>
Wang, 2005
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFE74FAD9FDF0FAD5" box="[430,524,1374,1397]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFE74FAD9FDF4FAD5" box="[430,520,1374,1397]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="spec">M. spec</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
1
<bibRefCitation id="6B2101F3FFE8FFBCFDFCFAD9FD71FAD6" author="Ax" box="[550,653,1374,1398]" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" refString="Ax, P. (2008) Plathelminthes aus Brackgewassern der Nordhalbkugel. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur Mainz, Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart, 696 pp. 97 - 99, 114 - 115, 118 - 119, 135 - 136." type="book chapter" year="2008">Ax, 2008</bibRefCitation>
and
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFD19FAD9FCDCFAD5" box="[707,800,1374,1397]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFD19FAD9FCE0FAD5" box="[707,796,1374,1397]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="spec">M. spec</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
2
<bibRefCitation id="6B2101F3FFE8FFBCFCE0FAD9FC5AFAD6" author="Ax" box="[826,934,1374,1398]" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" refString="Ax, P. (2008) Plathelminthes aus Brackgewassern der Nordhalbkugel. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur Mainz, Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart, 696 pp. 97 - 99, 114 - 115, 118 - 119, 135 - 136." type="book chapter" year="2008">Ax, 2008</bibRefCitation>
. The penis stylets (ps) of these species are all “J” shaped. Among them, the stylet distal ends of 5 species of
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFC95FA05FC0CFA39" box="[847,1008,1410,1433]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFC95FA05FC0CFA39" box="[847,1008,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">Macrostomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFBF7FA05FB89FA39" box="[1069,1141,1410,1433]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="axi">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFBF7FA05FB89FA39" box="[1069,1141,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">M. axi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFB58FA05FAF5FA3A" box="[1154,1289,1410,1434]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="balticum">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFB58FA05FAF5FA3A" box="[1154,1289,1410,1434]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">M. balticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFACDFA05FA69FA39" box="[1303,1429,1410,1433]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFACDFA05FA69FA39" box="[1303,1429,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">M. sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFF4DFA21FF0AFA1D" box="[151,246,1446,1469]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFF4DFA21FF0DFA1D" box="[151,241,1446,1469]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="spec">M. spec</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
1 and
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFE98FA21FE5CFA1D" box="[322,416,1446,1469]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFE98FA21FE60FA1D" box="[322,412,1446,1469]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="spec">M. spec</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
2, are spine-shaped. In contrast, the distal end of the penis stylet (ps) in
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFB0AFA21FA67FA1D" box="[1232,1435,1445,1469]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dongyuanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFB0AFA21FA67FA1D" box="[1232,1435,1445,1469]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">M. dongyuanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFF4DFA4EFF2AFA42" bold="true" box="[151,214,1481,1506]" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="26F71D6BFFE8FFBCFF4DFA4EFF2AFA42" box="[151,214,1481,1506]" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has no affiliated spine structure.
<collectingCountry id="77A73C92FFE8FFBCFD91FA4DFD96FA42" box="[587,618,1482,1506]" name="American Samoa" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">As</collectingCountry>
for
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFD42FA4DFC8AFA42" box="[664,886,1482,1506]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="magnacurvituba">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFD42FA4DFC8AFA42" box="[664,886,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">M. magnacurvituba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFC5EFA4DFBCEFA42" box="[900,1074,1482,1506]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bulbostylum">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFC5EFA4DFBCEFA42" box="[900,1074,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">M. bulbostylum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFB9AFA4DFB2CFA42" box="[1088,1232,1482,1506]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="curvituba">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFB9AFA4DFB2CFA42" box="[1088,1232,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">M. curvituba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFADDFA4DFA60FA41" box="[1287,1436,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFADDFA4DFA64FA41" box="[1287,1432,1482,1505]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="quiritium">M. quiritium</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the distal ends of their stylets are clearly thickened.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0F0F7C02FFE8FFBCFF1DF995FADDF97D" blockId="7.[151,1436,1265,1830]" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">
In
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFF3DF995FE71F989" box="[231,397,1554,1577]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="georgeense">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFF3DF995FE71F989" box="[231,397,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">M. georgeense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the base of penis stylet (ps) is slightly bent, the distal end is bent in a 90° angle, and the width of its anterior half is identical. In
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFDB6F9B1FD0EF9ED" box="[620,754,1590,1613]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="parmum">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFDB6F9B1FD0EF9ED" box="[620,754,1590,1613]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">M. parmum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the length of penis stylet (ps) is 160 Μm. It prolongs in a funnel-shape and situates parallel to the mid-ventral line of the body, while the distal end is thickened and bends rightwards in a 90° angle.
<collectingCountry id="77A73C92FFE8FFBCFE10F9F9FE15F936" box="[458,489,1662,1686]" name="American Samoa" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">As</collectingCountry>
for
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFDC6F9F9FD4CF935" box="[540,688,1662,1685]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="amurense">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFDC6F9F9FD4CF935" box="[540,688,1662,1685]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">M. amurense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, its penis stylet is similar to
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFBDAF9F9FB59F935" box="[1024,1189,1662,1685]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="georgeense">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFBDAF9F9FB59F935" box="[1024,1189,1662,1685]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">M. georgeense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, except that its distal opening bends leftwards and has a groove. In contrast, the basal end of the penis stylet (ps) in
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFB69F925FA82F91A" box="[1203,1406,1698,1722]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dongyuanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFB69F925FA82F91A" box="[1203,1406,1698,1722]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">M. dongyuanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFA5FF926FF44F97E" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="26F71D6BFFE8FFBCFA5FF926FF44F97E" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is slightly bent. The distal end is bent in an obtuse angle, and has no spine nor thickening structures.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0F0F7C02FFE8FFBCFF1DF96DFEB8F886" blockId="7.[151,1436,1265,1830]" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">
To sum up, the morphology of the penis stylet of
<taxonomicName id="C8B00781FFE8FFBCFD33F96DFC48F8A2" box="[745,948,1770,1794]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dongyuanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFD33F96DFC48F8A2" box="[745,948,1770,1794]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">M. dongyuanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3DC4A010FFE8FFBCFC61F96EFC05F8A2" bold="true" box="[955,1017,1769,1794]" pageId="7" pageNumber="127">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="26F71D6BFFE8FFBCFC61F96EFC05F8A2" box="[955,1017,1769,1794]" pageId="7" pageNumber="127" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is distinct from those of the above 12 similar species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>