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<document id="ABD2A171E4CF829A4AD7D79A834B3C47" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4196.1.1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4196.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b7651a7b-df24-4347-9585-0633b88dba51" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="167648" ID-ZooBank="026D88BD-86C0-4811-814A-CB5CACB3104F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1479712233041" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sokolov, Igor M." docDate="2016" docId="8D378784891FFFCE21CA3E70FC0FFC5E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4196.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4196 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Zeanillus Jeannel 1937" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="710EFFFC891DFFCB215D3B54FFBCFFFA" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic review of the anilline genus Zeanillus Jeannel (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Bembidiini) of New Zealand, with descriptions of seven new species, re-classification of the species, and notes on their biogeography and evolution" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698393955637" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="399CA6CE350A1144F4C5DC00E82A43A8">A taxonomic review of the anilline genus Zeanillus Jeannel (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Bembidiini) of New Zealand, with descriptions of seven new species, re-classification of the species, and notes on their biogeography and evolution</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="6B9A18B026DEB3330C8799355BCE919A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="95606BF4A2AA10EFF97829AFDDBC2A6D">Sokolov, Igor M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="94D5585E89B13E74CF05F071EC774113">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C6A5B9CB35922568D856ABF8B18E74A6">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="E0A562F16254AD5E009BE57545F021D3" type="volume">
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<mods:identifier id="50ADAB9FC220F1890B107533CAB4CF18" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4196.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="8D378784891FFFCE21CA3E70FC0FFC5E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6089664" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124814312" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6089664" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8D378784891FFFCE21CA3E70FC0FFC5E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D378784891FFFCE21CA3E70FC0FFC5E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<subSubSection id="4D846519891FFFC921CA3E70FE0EFAC4" box="[151,434,1316,1342]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="05213692891FFFC921CA3E70FE0EFAC4" blockId="2.[151,434,1316,1342]" box="[151,434,1316,1342]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="5E6981FE891FFFC921CA3E70FE0EFAC4" bold="true" box="[151,434,1316,1342]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D11891FFFC921CA3E70FE0EFAC4" ID-CoL="8KZK8" authority="Jeannel 1937" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,434,1316,1342]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zeanillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891FFFC921CA3E70FE0EFAC4" bold="true" box="[151,434,1316,1342]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891FFFC921CA3E70FEB5FAC4" bold="true" box="[151,265,1316,1342]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Zeanillus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="610F4B63891FFFC9204D3E70FE0EFAC4" author="Jeannel" box="[272,434,1316,1342]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Jeannel, R. (1937) Les Bembidiides endoges (Col. Carabidae). Revue francaise d'Entomologie, 3, 241 - 339." type="journal article" year="1937">Jeannel 1937</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4D846519891FFFC921CA3E3EFC1DF816" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="05213692891FFFC921CA3E3EFB39FA7A" blockId="2.[151,1157,1386,1408]" box="[151,1157,1386,1408]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="258E11BC891FFFC921CA3E3EFB39FA7A" box="[151,1157,1386,1408]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D11891FFFC921CA3E3EFE06FA7A" ID-CoL="8KZK8" authority="Jeannel, 1937: 277" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityPageNumber="277" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,442,1386,1408]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zeanillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891FFFC921CA3E3EFF49FA7A" box="[151,245,1386,1408]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Zeanillus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="843F1083891FFFC921A63E3EFE06FA7A" author="Jeannel" box="[251,442,1386,1408]" page="277" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation id="610F4B63891FFFC921A63E3EFE36FA7A" author="Jeannel" box="[251,394,1386,1408]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Jeannel, R. (1937) Les Bembidiides endoges (Col. Carabidae). Revue francaise d'Entomologie, 3, 241 - 339." type="journal article" year="1937">Jeannel, 1937</bibRefCitation>
: 277
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(type species
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D11891FFFC923173E3EFC35FA7A" ID-CoL="8L2MR" authority="Broun, 1893" authorityName="Broun" authorityYear="1893" box="[586,905,1386,1408]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllobius">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891FFFC923173E3EFCBEFA7A" box="[586,770,1386,1408]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Anillus phyllobius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="610F4B63891FFFC922553E3FFC35FA7A" author="Broun" box="[776,905,1386,1408]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Broun, T. (1893) Description of new Coleoptera from New Zealand. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 12, 163 - 195. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939308677637" type="journal article" year="1893">Broun, 1893</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05213692891FFFC921CA3EF9FC1DF816" blockId="2.[151,1436,1453,2029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891FFFC921CA3EF9FE91FA3C" bold="true" box="[151,301,1453,1478]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Recognition.</emphasis>
The members of this genus are distinguished from the other
<collectingCountry id="7D897602891FFFC9228B3EFAFBD0FA3C" box="[982,1132,1453,1478]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
representatives of Anillina by the following combination of characters: eyes absent; head with long fronto-lateral carinae; antennae of moderate length; prosternal process tapering to the blunt apex; pronotum cordiform with rounded posterior angles; elytra lacking oblique longitudinal grooves, with lateral margins slightly denticulate and with slightly dehiscent apices with rounded sutural angles; pygidium exposed at least in apical half; 1st and 3d discal setae of elytra always present; umbilicate series of 9 pores: the longest setae in the 2nd, 6th and 9th pore positions, 7th, 8th and 9th pores not aligned, virtually forming obtuse isosceles triangle with 8th pore shifted towards disc, 8th and 9th pores of umbilicate series much closer to each other than the 7th pore is to the 8th. Among characters listed above only the shape of prosternal process might be treated as an autapomorphy of the genus, as it is not seen in any other
<collectingCountry id="7D897602891FFFC924593D8DFA20F90B" box="[1284,1436,1752,1777]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
Anillina except
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D11891FFFC920123DA9FE69F8EF" ID-CoL="8KX9V" box="[335,469,1789,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Hygranillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891FFFC920123DA9FE69F8EF" box="[335,469,1789,1813]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Hygranillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is known to me by description only. Apart from the shape of the prosternal process, members of
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D11891FFFC920DB3C74FE52F8C2" ID-CoL="8KZK8" box="[390,494,1824,1848]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zeanillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891FFFC920DB3C74FE52F8C2" box="[390,494,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Zeanillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from representatives of other
<collectingCountry id="7D897602891FFFC9256C3C75FB7BF8C3" box="[1073,1223,1824,1849]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
genera of Anillina as follows. Developed fronto-lateral carinae, antennae of moderate length, discal setae in basal half of elytra, and exposed pygidium separate
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D11891FFFC920923C3CFD8BF87A" ID-CoL="8KZK8" box="[463,567,1896,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zeanillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891FFFC920923C3CFD8BF87A" box="[463,567,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Zeanillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
members from those of the endogean
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D11891FFFC922BB3C3CFA8DF87B" ID-CoL="8KX9V" authority="Moore. Rounded" authorityName="Moore. Rounded" box="[998,1329,1896,1921]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Hygranillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891FFFC922BB3C3CFBD0F87A" box="[998,1132,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Hygranillus</emphasis>
Moore. Rounded
</taxonomicName>
posterior angles of pronotum and smooth elytra distinguish representatives of
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D11891FFFC922F43CD9FBADF85F" ID-CoL="8KZK8" box="[937,1041,1933,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zeanillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891FFFC922F43CD9FBADF85F" box="[937,1041,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Zeanillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from those of species
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D11891FFFC924453CD9FF57F833" ID-CoL="8KYBY" authority="Jeannel" authorityName="Jeannel" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pelodiaetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891FFFC924453CD9FA20F85F" box="[1304,1436,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Pelodiaetus</emphasis>
Jeannel
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D11891FFFC920753CE4FDE4F833" ID-CoL="8KYBX" authority="Moore. The" authorityName="Moore. The" box="[296,600,1968,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pelodiaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891FFFC920753CE4FE7BF832" box="[296,455,1968,1992]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Pelodiaetodes</emphasis>
Moore. The
</taxonomicName>
umbilicate series of nine pores, dehiscent apices of elytra, and exposed pygidium separate members of
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D11891FFFC920A53C81FDDCF817" ID-CoL="8KZK8" box="[504,608,2005,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zeanillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891FFFC920A53C81FDDCF817" box="[504,608,2005,2029]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Zeanillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from those of
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D11891FFFC922583C81FC26F817" ID-CoL="8KXY2" box="[773,922,2005,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Nesamblyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891FFFC922583C81FC26F817" box="[773,922,2005,2029]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Nesamblyops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4D846519891EFFCE219A3BC3FC0FFC5E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph id="05213692891EFFC8219A3BC3FD78FF55" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,708,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891EFFC8219A3BC3FEE5FF4A" bold="true" box="[199,345,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891EFFC820023BCCFE28FF55" box="[351,404,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Size.</emphasis>
SBL range
<quantity id="C2669B77891EFFC823473BCCFD7CFF55" box="[538,704,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.71" metricValueMax="2.01" metricValueMin="1.41" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="1.71" valueMax="2.01" valueMin="1.41">1.41–2.01 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05213692891EFFC8219A3BEFFB12FF2E" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1198,187,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891EFFC8219A3BEFFE9BFF29" box="[199,295,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Habitus.</emphasis>
Body form from slightly convex to subdepressed, ovoid or subparallel (
<figureCitation id="9DA52A17891EFFC825133BEFFB1CFF2E" box="[1102,1184,187,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[198,1372,193,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[198,1374,193,1857]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 11. Digital images of habitus of Zeanillus species, dorsal aspect. A— Z. phyllobius (NZ, Canterbury, Coopers Knob); B— Z. punctigerus (NZ, Canterbury, Sharplin Falls); C— Z. nunni (NZ, Otago, Highway 87 at Rocklands Road); D— Z. pallidus (NZ, Otago, Taieri Mouth); E— Z. pellucidus (NZ, Otago, Oamaru, Glen Warren Reserve); F— Z. brouni (NZ, Otago, Oamaru, Glen Warren Reserve); G— Z. carltoni (NZ, Otago, Mount Watkin); H— Z. lescheni (NZ, Otago, Waikaia Forest); I— Z. montivagus (NZ, Otago, North Rough Ridge): J— Z. nanus (NZ, Otago, Pisa Range). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/167659/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05213692891EFFC8219A3B8BFC1FFF0D" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,931,222,247]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891EFFC8219A3B8BFEB1FF0D" box="[199,269,223,247]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Color.</emphasis>
Body rufotestaceous or testaceous, appendages testaceous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05213692891EFFC8219A3A56FB69FE98" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891EFFC8219A3A56FEC5FEE0" box="[199,377,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Microsculpture.</emphasis>
Dorsal microsculpture of polygonal sculpticells with isodiametric mesh pattern over the dorsal surface. Development of microsculpture varies on different body parts. On head and disc of pronotum, microlines less pronounced, fine, while on elytra microlines very distinct, forming well-defined sculpticells.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05213692891EFFC8219A3A39FE4BFE7F" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,503,364,389]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891EFFC8219A3A39FEAFFE7E" box="[199,275,365,388]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Luster.</emphasis>
Body surface shiny.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05213692891EFFC8219A3AC4FCDEFE52" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,866,400,425]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891EFFC8219A3AC4FEC3FE52" box="[199,383,400,424]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Macrosculpture.</emphasis>
Body surface sparsely and finely punctate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05213692891EFFC8219A3AE0FD24FDE9" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891EFFC8219A3AE0FE93FE31" box="[199,303,436,459]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Vestiture.</emphasis>
Body surface covered with sparse yellowish short setae. Vestiture of elytra short (around one-third length of discal setae). Last marginal elytral setae anterior to subapical sinuation vary in length among different group of species (cf.
<figureCitation id="9DA52A17891EFFC820DF3AAEFE7EFDE9" box="[386,450,506,531]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[252,1326,204,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[247,1336,193,1877]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. SEM illustrations of chaetotaxy of elytra, dorso-lateral aspect, of Zeanillus species. A— Z. punctigerus; B— Z. pallidus; C— Z. pellucidus; D— Z. lescheni. Legend: ed 2 — scutellar seta; ed 3 — 1 st discal seta; ed 4 – 5 — 2 nd discal seta; ed 6 – 7 — 3 d discal seta; ed 8 — apical seta; eo 1 – 9 — setae 1 – 9 from the umbilical series; smes—subapical marginal elytral seta; sssubapical sinuation. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257545/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
A versus D, smes).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05213692891EFFC8219A394AFDC8FC5F" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891EFFC8219A394AFEECFDCC" box="[199,336,542,566]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fixed setae.</emphasis>
Primary head setae include a pair of clypeal (cs), a pair of frontal (fs), two pairs of supraorbital (ssa and ssp), and additionally one pair of postorbital (pos) setae (
<figureCitation id="9DA52A17891EFFC8222C3915FC66FDA0" box="[881,986,577,602]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="8.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox-0="[172,1423,199,1885]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1426,201,1770]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[164,1430,193,1891]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[151,1435,193,1778]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. SEM illustrations of head, dorsal aspect, of Zeanillus species. A— Z. phyllobius; B— Z. punctigerus; C— Z. pallidus; D— Z. pellucidus; E— Z. lescheni; F— Z. nanus. Legend: cl—clypeus; cs—clypeal seta; fcc—fronto-clypeal carina; fs—frontal seta; lb—labrum; mp 3 — maxillary palpomere 3; mp 4 — maxillary palpomere 4; pos—postorbital seta; ssa—anterior supraorbital seta; ssp—posterior supraorbital seta. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. SEM illustrations of chaetotaxy of head and pronotum, dorso-lateral aspect, of Zeanillus species. A— Z. phyllobius; B— Z. pallidus; C— Z. pellucidus; D— Z. lescheni. Legend: aps—apicolateral pronotal seta; cs—clypeal seta; fsfrontal seta; ls—midlateral pronotal seta; pos—postorbital seta; ssa—anterior supraorbital seta; ssp—posterior supraorbital seta. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/257540/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/257541/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
) in two groups of species. Mentum with two pairs of long primary (paramedial and lateral) setae (
<figureCitation id="9DA52A17891EFFC822743931FCD3FD87" box="[809,879,613,638]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1878,1900]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,204,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,193,1857]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM illustrations of labial complex, ventral aspect, of Zeanillus species. A— Z. phyllobius; B— Z. punctigerus; C— Z. pallidus; D— Z. pellucidus; E— Z. lescheni; F— Z. brouni. Legend: alms—anterolateral mental seta; gsc—glossal sclerite; lms—lateral mental seta; lss—lateral submental seta; m—mentum; mp 3 — maxillary palpomere 3; mp 4 — maxillary palpomere 4; mt—mental tooth; mss—mental-submental suture; pms—paramedial mental seta; prss—primary basal submental seta; sm—submentum. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257542/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
, pms, lms). Submentum with three pairs of long primary setae (lss, prss) and few additional shorter setulae (
<figureCitation id="9DA52A17891EFFC8226B39DCFCC0FD5B" box="[822,892,648,673]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1878,1900]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,204,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,193,1857]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM illustrations of labial complex, ventral aspect, of Zeanillus species. A— Z. phyllobius; B— Z. punctigerus; C— Z. pallidus; D— Z. pellucidus; E— Z. lescheni; F— Z. brouni. Legend: alms—anterolateral mental seta; gsc—glossal sclerite; lms—lateral mental seta; lss—lateral submental seta; m—mentum; mp 3 — maxillary palpomere 3; mp 4 — maxillary palpomere 4; mt—mental tooth; mss—mental-submental suture; pms—paramedial mental seta; prss—primary basal submental seta; sm—submentum. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257542/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Maxilla with long stipetal and palpiferal setae. Pronotum with two long primary lateral setae (midlateral, ls, and basilateral, bs) on each side (
<figureCitation id="9DA52A17891EFFC8259239F8FAAEFD3F" box="[1231,1298,684,709]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,200,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1436,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. SEM illustrations of pronotum, dorsal aspect, of Zeanillus species. A— Z. phyllobius; B— Z. punctigerus; C— Z. pallidus; D— Z. pellucidus; E— Z. lescheni; F— Z. nanus. Legend: aps—apicolateral pronotal seta; bdt—basilateral pronotal denticle; bs—basilateral pronotal seta; bsn—basilateral pronotal sinuation; ed 2 — scutellar seta; ls—midlateral pronotal seta; mg—marginal pronotal gutter; sct—scutellum. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257543/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) and in one species with distinct apicolateral (aps) setae (
<figureCitation id="9DA52A17891EFFC823C6399BFD5EFD12" box="[667,738,719,744]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,201,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,193,1778]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. SEM illustrations of chaetotaxy of head and pronotum, dorso-lateral aspect, of Zeanillus species. A— Z. phyllobius; B— Z. pallidus; C— Z. pellucidus; D— Z. lescheni. Legend: aps—apicolateral pronotal seta; cs—clypeal seta; fsfrontal seta; ls—midlateral pronotal seta; pos—postorbital seta; ssa—anterior supraorbital seta; ssp—posterior supraorbital seta. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257541/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B). Elytra, depending on group of species, either with 3 (
<figureCitation id="9DA52A17891EFFC82432399BFF1FFCF4" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[252,1326,204,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[247,1336,193,1877]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. SEM illustrations of chaetotaxy of elytra, dorso-lateral aspect, of Zeanillus species. A— Z. punctigerus; B— Z. pallidus; C— Z. pellucidus; D— Z. lescheni. Legend: ed 2 — scutellar seta; ed 3 — 1 st discal seta; ed 4 – 5 — 2 nd discal seta; ed 6 – 7 — 3 d discal seta; ed 8 — apical seta; eo 1 – 9 — setae 1 – 9 from the umbilical series; smes—subapical marginal elytral seta; sssubapical sinuation. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257545/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
A–B) or 2 discal setae (
<figureCitation id="9DA52A17891EFFC820EE39A1FE4AFCF4" box="[435,502,757,782]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[252,1326,204,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[247,1336,193,1877]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. SEM illustrations of chaetotaxy of elytra, dorso-lateral aspect, of Zeanillus species. A— Z. punctigerus; B— Z. pallidus; C— Z. pellucidus; D— Z. lescheni. Legend: ed 2 — scutellar seta; ed 3 — 1 st discal seta; ed 4 – 5 — 2 nd discal seta; ed 6 – 7 — 3 d discal seta; ed 8 — apical seta; eo 1 – 9 — setae 1 – 9 from the umbilical series; smes—subapical marginal elytral seta; sssubapical sinuation. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257545/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
C–D), with scutellar (ed2) and apical (ed8) setae. Last three (7th, 8th, and 9th) pores (eo7, eo8, and eo9) of umbilicate series not aligned, with 8th pore shifted towards the disc and virtually forming an obtuse isosceles triangle, The 8 th and 9 th pores of umbilicate series closer to each other than the 7 th pore is to the 8th, the longest setae in the 2nd, 6th, and 9th pore position (
<figureCitation id="9DA52A17891EFFC823B4383CFC98FC7B" box="[745,804,872,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[252,1326,204,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[247,1336,193,1877]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. SEM illustrations of chaetotaxy of elytra, dorso-lateral aspect, of Zeanillus species. A— Z. punctigerus; B— Z. pallidus; C— Z. pellucidus; D— Z. lescheni. Legend: ed 2 — scutellar seta; ed 3 — 1 st discal seta; ed 4 – 5 — 2 nd discal seta; ed 6 – 7 — 3 d discal seta; ed 8 — apical seta; eo 1 – 9 — setae 1 – 9 from the umbilical series; smes—subapical marginal elytral seta; sssubapical sinuation. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257545/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig.8</figureCitation>
A). Fifth visible sternite of male with two and of female with four setae along the posterior margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05213692891EFFC8219A38FBFCC0FC16" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891EFFC8219A38FBFEB8FC3D" box="[199,260,943,967]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9DA52A17891EFFC8204438FBFEDCFC32" box="[281,352,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[172,1423,199,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[164,1430,193,1891]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. SEM illustrations of head, dorsal aspect, of Zeanillus species. A— Z. phyllobius; B— Z. punctigerus; C— Z. pallidus; D— Z. pellucidus; E— Z. lescheni; F— Z. nanus. Legend: cl—clypeus; cs—clypeal seta; fcc—fronto-clypeal carina; fs—frontal seta; lb—labrum; mp 3 — maxillary palpomere 3; mp 4 — maxillary palpomere 4; pos—postorbital seta; ssa—anterior supraorbital seta; ssp—posterior supraorbital seta. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257540/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Anterior margin of clypeus (cl) straight. Frontal area flat without tubercle medially near frontoclypeal suture. Fronto-lateral carinae distinct and long (fcc).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05213692891EFFC8219A38A3FE2AFBF5" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,406,1014,1039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891EFFC8219A38A3FEBFFBF4" box="[199,259,1015,1038]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Eyes.</emphasis>
Eyes absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05213692891EFFC8219A3F4EFCDAFB66" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891EFFC8219A3F4EFE84FBCB" box="[199,312,1050,1073]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Antennae.</emphasis>
Submoniliform, with 11antennomeres, extended to about posterior margin of pronotum. Antennomeres 1 and 2 elongate, of equal length and 1.4–1.5 times longer than antennomere 3, which is only slightly elongate and 1.1–1.2 times longer than antennomere 4. Antennomeres 4 to 10 globose, last antennomere conical and 1.6–1.7 times longer than penultimate antennomere.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05213692891EFFC8219A3FFCFD07FB1E" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891EFFC8219A3FFCFE9CFB3A" box="[199,288,1192,1216]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Labrum</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9DA52A17891EFFC820723FF3FECCFB3A" box="[303,368,1191,1216]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[172,1423,199,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[164,1430,193,1891]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. SEM illustrations of head, dorsal aspect, of Zeanillus species. A— Z. phyllobius; B— Z. punctigerus; C— Z. pallidus; D— Z. pellucidus; E— Z. lescheni; F— Z. nanus. Legend: cl—clypeus; cs—clypeal seta; fcc—fronto-clypeal carina; fs—frontal seta; lb—labrum; mp 3 — maxillary palpomere 3; mp 4 — maxillary palpomere 4; pos—postorbital seta; ssa—anterior supraorbital seta; ssp—posterior supraorbital seta. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257540/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Labrum (lb) transverse with shallowly concave, entire anterior margin with six setae apically, increasing in size from the central pair outwards.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05213692891EFFC8219A3FBAFCF7FAB4" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891EFFC8219A3FBAFE82FAFC" box="[199,318,1262,1286]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Mandibles</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9DA52A17891EFFC820133FBAFE28FAFD" box="[334,404,1262,1287]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1258,1280]" captionTargetBox="[160,1431,203,1224]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1237]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Line drawings of mandibles of Zeanillus species. A – B Z. phyllobius: dorsal aspect of left and right mandibles, respectively. C – D Z. pallidus: dorsal aspect of left and right mandibles, respectively. E – F Z. pellucidus: dorsal aspect of left and right mandibles, respectively. G – H Z. lescheni: dorsal aspect of left and right mandibles, respectively. Legend: artanterior retinacular tooth; it—incisor tooth; mt—molar tooth; prt—posterior retinacular tooth; tr—terebral ridge; tt—terebral tooth. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/167651/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Similar to
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D11891EFFC823783FBAFC3CFAFD" authority="Sokolov 2015" authorityName="Sokolov" authorityYear="2015" box="[549,896,1262,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pelodiaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891EFFC823783FBAFD7FFAFC" box="[549,707,1262,1286]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pelodiaetodes</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="610F4B63891EFFC823893FBAFCC5FAFD" author="Sokolov" box="[724,889,1262,1287]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Sokolov, I. M. (2015) Review of the species of Pelodiaetodes Moore (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Bembidiini: Anillina) of New Zealand. Zootaxa, 3963 (4), 561 - 582. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3963.4.4" type="journal article" year="2015">Sokolov 2015</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Right mandible with distinct anterior (art) and posterior retinacular (prt), small terebral (tt), distinct premolar (pm), and molar (mt) teeth. Left mandible with distinct terebral (tt), premolar (pm) and molar (mt) teeth only.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05213692891EFFC8219A3E0DFA29FA6D" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891EFFC8219A3E0DFE97FA8B" box="[199,299,1369,1393]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Maxillae</emphasis>
. Maxillary palps with basal trianguloid cardo, and stipes with dorsal and ventral lobes, dimerous galea, and standard lacinia. Palpus (
<figureCitation id="9DA52A17891EFFC823753E2BFDD7FA6D" box="[552,619,1407,1432]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1878,1900]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,204,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,193,1857]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM illustrations of labial complex, ventral aspect, of Zeanillus species. A— Z. phyllobius; B— Z. punctigerus; C— Z. pallidus; D— Z. pellucidus; E— Z. lescheni; F— Z. brouni. Legend: alms—anterolateral mental seta; gsc—glossal sclerite; lms—lateral mental seta; lss—lateral submental seta; m—mentum; mp 3 — maxillary palpomere 3; mp 4 — maxillary palpomere 4; mt—mental tooth; mss—mental-submental suture; pms—paramedial mental seta; prss—primary basal submental seta; sm—submentum. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257542/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) with short 4th palpomere (mp4), 0.15–0.2 length of palpomere 3 (mp3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05213692891EFFC8219A3EF7FE38F9DC" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891EFFC8219A3EF7FEA0FA41" box="[199,284,1443,1467]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Labium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9DA52A17891EFFC820723EF6FECBFA41" box="[303,375,1442,1467]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1878,1900]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,204,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,193,1857]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM illustrations of labial complex, ventral aspect, of Zeanillus species. A— Z. phyllobius; B— Z. punctigerus; C— Z. pallidus; D— Z. pellucidus; E— Z. lescheni; F— Z. brouni. Legend: alms—anterolateral mental seta; gsc—glossal sclerite; lms—lateral mental seta; lss—lateral submental seta; m—mentum; mp 3 — maxillary palpomere 3; mp 4 — maxillary palpomere 4; mt—mental tooth; mss—mental-submental suture; pms—paramedial mental seta; prss—primary basal submental seta; sm—submentum. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257542/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Labium with short acute or blunt mental tooth (mt) and in one case without it (
<figureCitation id="9DA52A17891EFFC8246C3EF6FAC5FA41" box="[1329,1401,1442,1467]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1878,1900]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,204,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,193,1857]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM illustrations of labial complex, ventral aspect, of Zeanillus species. A— Z. phyllobius; B— Z. punctigerus; C— Z. pallidus; D— Z. pellucidus; E— Z. lescheni; F— Z. brouni. Legend: alms—anterolateral mental seta; gsc—glossal sclerite; lms—lateral mental seta; lss—lateral submental seta; m—mentum; mp 3 — maxillary palpomere 3; mp 4 — maxillary palpomere 4; mt—mental tooth; mss—mental-submental suture; pms—paramedial mental seta; prss—primary basal submental seta; sm—submentum. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257542/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
D); mentum (m) and submentum (sm) split, with mental-submental suture (ms) and in one species labium fused, without mental-submental suture (
<figureCitation id="9DA52A17891EFFC8237D3EBDFDDBF9F8" box="[544,615,1513,1538]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1878,1900]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,204,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,193,1857]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM illustrations of labial complex, ventral aspect, of Zeanillus species. A— Z. phyllobius; B— Z. punctigerus; C— Z. pallidus; D— Z. pellucidus; E— Z. lescheni; F— Z. brouni. Legend: alms—anterolateral mental seta; gsc—glossal sclerite; lms—lateral mental seta; lss—lateral submental seta; m—mentum; mp 3 — maxillary palpomere 3; mp 4 — maxillary palpomere 4; mt—mental tooth; mss—mental-submental suture; pms—paramedial mental seta; prss—primary basal submental seta; sm—submentum. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257542/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
D). Glossal sclerite (gsc) with shortly lobed paraglossae (pg), with two setae medio-apically.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05213692891EFFC8219A3D65FB14F8BA" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891EFFC8219A3D65FE85F9B3" box="[199,313,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Prothorax</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9DA52A17891EFFC820123D64FE26F9B3" box="[335,410,1584,1609]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,200,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1436,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. SEM illustrations of pronotum, dorsal aspect, of Zeanillus species. A— Z. phyllobius; B— Z. punctigerus; C— Z. pallidus; D— Z. pellucidus; E— Z. lescheni; F— Z. nanus. Legend: aps—apicolateral pronotal seta; bdt—basilateral pronotal denticle; bs—basilateral pronotal seta; bsn—basilateral pronotal sinuation; ed 2 — scutellar seta; ls—midlateral pronotal seta; mg—marginal pronotal gutter; sct—scutellum. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257543/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Pronotum cordiform, moderately convex, either rectilinear constricted posteriorly or slightly sinuate anterior to posterior angles, with narrow marginal gutter (mg). Posterior margin of pronotum shallowly concave medially. Anterior angles almost rounded, barely projected forward. Posterior angles rounded, nearly effaced, basilateral seta inserted far anterior to angles. Widths across anterior margin much greater than between posterior angles at the level of basilateral setae (WPa/WPp varies from 1.15 to1.51 among species). Prosternum (
<figureCitation id="9DA52A17891EFFC8207A3DB6FED6F901" box="[295,362,1762,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1826,1848]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,202,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1435,193,1805]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. SEM illustrations of prothorax, ventral aspect, of Zeanillus species. A— Z. phyllobius; B— Z. punctigerus; C— Z. pallidus; D— Z. pellucidus; E— Z. lescheni; F— Z. brouni. Legend: pas—prosternal ambulatory seta; pep—proepipleuron; pes—proepisternum; prcx—procoxa; ps—prosternum; psp—prosternal intercoxal process. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257544/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) slightly projected at the anterior margin medially, there with a group of longer setae relative to other prosternal vestiture, also with a pair of long ambulatory sensor setae (pas) at the middle of sclerite. Prosternal intercoxal process (psp) unmargined, slightly tapering apically and obtusely truncate at apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05213692891EFFC8219A3C18FC78F89E" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,964,1868,1893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891EFFC8219A3C18FE89F89E" box="[199,309,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Scutellum</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9DA52A17891EFFC820183C18FE3BF89F" box="[325,391,1868,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,200,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1436,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. SEM illustrations of pronotum, dorsal aspect, of Zeanillus species. A— Z. phyllobius; B— Z. punctigerus; C— Z. pallidus; D— Z. pellucidus; E— Z. lescheni; F— Z. nanus. Legend: aps—apicolateral pronotal seta; bdt—basilateral pronotal denticle; bs—basilateral pronotal seta; bsn—basilateral pronotal sinuation; ed 2 — scutellar seta; ls—midlateral pronotal seta; mg—marginal pronotal gutter; sct—scutellum. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257543/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B). Externally visible, triangular, with obtuse apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05213692891EFFC8219A3C24FB32F809" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="37EAEA80891EFFC8219A3C24FEB1F872" box="[199,269,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Elytra</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9DA52A17891EFFC820423C3BFE38F872" box="[287,388,1903,1928]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 8" captionStart-1="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="17.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionStartId-1="18.[151,250,1140,1162]" captionTargetBox-0="[252,1326,204,1867]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1406,189,1111]" captionTargetId-0="figure@17.[247,1336,193,1877]" captionTargetId-1="figure@18.[184,1412,181,1120]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionText-0="FIGURE 8. SEM illustrations of chaetotaxy of elytra, dorso-lateral aspect, of Zeanillus species. A— Z. punctigerus; B— Z. pallidus; C— Z. pellucidus; D— Z. lescheni. Legend: ed 2 — scutellar seta; ed 3 — 1 st discal seta; ed 4 – 5 — 2 nd discal seta; ed 6 – 7 — 3 d discal seta; ed 8 — apical seta; eo 1 – 9 — setae 1 – 9 from the umbilical series; smes—subapical marginal elytral seta; sssubapical sinuation. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 9. SEM illustrations of pygidium and apex of elytra, dorsal aspect, of Zeanillus species. A— Z. phyllobius; B— Z. punctigerus; C— Z. pellucidus; D— Z. lescheni. Legend: ea—apex of right elytron; ed 8 — apical seta; pgd—pygidium; suelytral suture. Scale bars = 0.05 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/257545/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/257546/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 8–9</figureCitation>
). Elytra subdepressed, relatively short (LE/SBL from 0.47 to 0.55 among species) without visible interneurs and without longitudinal grooves. Humeri rounded, to form oblique angle with longitudinal axis of body. Elytral basal margination lacking (
<figureCitation id="9DA52A17891EFFC823263CE2FD00F835" box="[635,700,1974,1999]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,200,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1436,193,1835]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. SEM illustrations of pronotum, dorsal aspect, of Zeanillus species. A— Z. phyllobius; B— Z. punctigerus; C— Z. pallidus; D— Z. pellucidus; E— Z. lescheni; F— Z. nanus. Legend: aps—apicolateral pronotal seta; bdt—basilateral pronotal denticle; bs—basilateral pronotal seta; bsn—basilateral pronotal sinuation; ed 2 — scutellar seta; ls—midlateral pronotal seta; mg—marginal pronotal gutter; sct—scutellum. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257543/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A–C). Apical half of elytra with shallow subapical sinuation (
<figureCitation id="9DA52A17891EFFC824323CE2FF1BF809" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[252,1326,204,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[247,1336,193,1877]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. SEM illustrations of chaetotaxy of elytra, dorso-lateral aspect, of Zeanillus species. A— Z. punctigerus; B— Z. pallidus; C— Z. pellucidus; D— Z. lescheni. Legend: ed 2 — scutellar seta; ed 3 — 1 st discal seta; ed 4 – 5 — 2 nd discal seta; ed 6 – 7 — 3 d discal seta; ed 8 — apical seta; eo 1 – 9 — setae 1 – 9 from the umbilical series; smes—subapical marginal elytral seta; sssubapical sinuation. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257545/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
, ss). Sutural angle of elytron rounded, making apices of elytra slightly dehiscent (
<figureCitation id="9DA52A17891EFFC825663C8EFB3CF809" box="[1083,1152,2010,2035]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1140,1162]" captionTargetBox="[189,1406,189,1111]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[184,1412,181,1120]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. SEM illustrations of pygidium and apex of elytra, dorsal aspect, of Zeanillus species. A— Z. phyllobius; B— Z. punctigerus; C— Z. pellucidus; D— Z. lescheni. Legend: ea—apex of right elytron; ed 8 — apical seta; pgd—pygidium; suelytral suture. Scale bars = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257546/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="052136928919FFCF219A3BCCFE10FF4A" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2027]" box="[199,428,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF219A3BCCFEF2FF55" box="[199,334,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hind wings.</emphasis>
Absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="052136928919FFCF219A3BE8FC24FEBA" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF219A3BE8FEF1FF2E" box="[199,333,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pterothorax</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9DA52A178919FFCF20003BE8FE1DFF2E" box="[349,417,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1204,1226]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,193,1181]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1435,193,1182]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Digital images of pterothorax and first abdominal ventrites, ventral aspect, of Zeanillus species. A— Z. phyllobius; B— Z. punctigerus; C— Z. nunni; D— Z. pallidus; E— Z. pellucidus; F— Z. brouni; G— Z. lescheni; H— Z. montivagus; I— Z. nanus. Legend: ipa—intercoxal process of abdominal ventrite 2; mes—metendosternite; mte—metanepisternum; mtvmetaventrite; v 1 – v 2 — abdominal ventrites 1 – 2. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/167655/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Metaventrite (mtv) short, distance between meso- and metacoxae about 0.5–0.6 diameter of mesocoxa. Metanepisternum (mte) short, subquadrate, with anterior and outer margins of approximately equal length. Metendosternite (mes) cross-shaped with lateral arms. Lateral arms either V-shaped with divergent branches or U-shaped with almost subparallel branches (
<figureCitation id="9DA52A178919FFCF224C3A73FCE8FEBA" box="[785,852,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1204,1226]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,193,1181]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1435,193,1182]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Digital images of pterothorax and first abdominal ventrites, ventral aspect, of Zeanillus species. A— Z. phyllobius; B— Z. punctigerus; C— Z. nunni; D— Z. pallidus; E— Z. pellucidus; F— Z. brouni; G— Z. lescheni; H— Z. montivagus; I— Z. nanus. Legend: ipa—intercoxal process of abdominal ventrite 2; mes—metendosternite; mte—metanepisternum; mtvmetaventrite; v 1 – v 2 — abdominal ventrites 1 – 2. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/167655/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
D–E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="052136928919FFCF219A3A19FC2EFD54" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF219A3A19FF40FE9E" box="[199,252,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9DA52A178919FFCF20563A18FEE2FE9E" box="[267,350,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1661,1683]" captionTargetBox="[165,1419,204,1629]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[150,1437,193,1640]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. SEM illustrations of structural features of legs of Zeanillus species, various aspects. A – E right protarsus and protibia, ventral aspect: A, D – E—females; B – C—males. A— Z. phyllobius; B— Z. punctigerus; C— Z. pellucidus; D— Z. pallidus; E— Z. brouni. F – G, H, J right and I, K left mesotibia: F— Z. phyllobius, ventral aspect; G— Z. punctigerus, ventral aspect; H— Z. pellucidus, medial aspect; I— Z. pallidus, ventral aspect; J— Z. lescheni, ventral aspect; K— Z. brouni, ventral aspect. L – M, O right and N, P – Q left metatibia: L— Z. phyllobius, ventral aspect; M— Z. punctigerus, ventral aspect; N— Z. pellucidus, medial aspect; O— Z. pallidus, ventral aspect; P— Z. lescheni, ventral aspect; Q— Z. brouni, medial aspect. Legend: ac—antenna cleaner; as—adhesive seta; asp—anterior spur; asr—anterior setal row; cls—clip seta; msb—mesotibial brush; msms—mesotibial modified seta; mss—mesotibial spur; mtb—metatibial brush; mtms—metatibial modified seta; mtsmetatibial spur; psp—posterior spur; psr—posterior setal row; sb—setal band; ta 1 – ta 4 — tarsomeres 1 – 4. Scale bars = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257547/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Legs of moderate length, not elongate. Prothoracic legs of males with first 2 tarsomeres (ta1–2) moderately dilated apico-laterally with two rows of oval articulo-setae (as) (
<bibRefCitation id="610F4B638919FFCF22B93A3BFBDDFE72" author="Stork" box="[996,1121,367,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Stork, N. E. (1980) A scanning electron microscope study of tarsal adhesive setae in the Coleoptera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 68, 175 - 306. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1980. tb 01121. x" type="journal article" year="1980">Stork 1980</bibRefCitation>
) on the ventral surface (
<figureCitation id="9DA52A178919FFCF24323A3BFF0FFE56" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1661,1683]" captionTargetBox="[165,1419,204,1629]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[150,1437,193,1640]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. SEM illustrations of structural features of legs of Zeanillus species, various aspects. A – E right protarsus and protibia, ventral aspect: A, D – E—females; B – C—males. A— Z. phyllobius; B— Z. punctigerus; C— Z. pellucidus; D— Z. pallidus; E— Z. brouni. F – G, H, J right and I, K left mesotibia: F— Z. phyllobius, ventral aspect; G— Z. punctigerus, ventral aspect; H— Z. pellucidus, medial aspect; I— Z. pallidus, ventral aspect; J— Z. lescheni, ventral aspect; K— Z. brouni, ventral aspect. L – M, O right and N, P – Q left metatibia: L— Z. phyllobius, ventral aspect; M— Z. punctigerus, ventral aspect; N— Z. pellucidus, medial aspect; O— Z. pallidus, ventral aspect; P— Z. lescheni, ventral aspect; Q— Z. brouni, medial aspect. Legend: ac—antenna cleaner; as—adhesive seta; asp—anterior spur; asr—anterior setal row; cls—clip seta; msb—mesotibial brush; msms—mesotibial modified seta; mss—mesotibial spur; mtb—metatibial brush; mtms—metatibial modified seta; mtsmetatibial spur; psp—posterior spur; psr—posterior setal row; sb—setal band; ta 1 – ta 4 — tarsomeres 1 – 4. Scale bars = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257547/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
B–C). Protibiae with antenna cleaner of
<typeStatus id="DA2588308919FFCF23253AC1FD14FE57" box="[632,680,405,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
B (
<bibRefCitation id="610F4B638919FFCF238C3AC0FCD8FE56" author="Hlavac" box="[721,868,404,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Hlavac, T. F. (1971) Differentiation of the carabid antenna cleaner. Psyche, 78, 51 - 66." type="journal article" year="1971">Hlavac 1971</bibRefCitation>
), with both anterior (asr) and posterior (psr) apical setal rows and concave apico-lateral notch (
<figureCitation id="9DA52A178919FFCF23DE3AE3FD68FE2A" box="[643,724,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1661,1683]" captionTargetBox="[165,1419,204,1629]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[150,1437,193,1640]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. SEM illustrations of structural features of legs of Zeanillus species, various aspects. A – E right protarsus and protibia, ventral aspect: A, D – E—females; B – C—males. A— Z. phyllobius; B— Z. punctigerus; C— Z. pellucidus; D— Z. pallidus; E— Z. brouni. F – G, H, J right and I, K left mesotibia: F— Z. phyllobius, ventral aspect; G— Z. punctigerus, ventral aspect; H— Z. pellucidus, medial aspect; I— Z. pallidus, ventral aspect; J— Z. lescheni, ventral aspect; K— Z. brouni, ventral aspect. L – M, O right and N, P – Q left metatibia: L— Z. phyllobius, ventral aspect; M— Z. punctigerus, ventral aspect; N— Z. pellucidus, medial aspect; O— Z. pallidus, ventral aspect; P— Z. lescheni, ventral aspect; Q— Z. brouni, medial aspect. Legend: ac—antenna cleaner; as—adhesive seta; asp—anterior spur; asr—anterior setal row; cls—clip seta; msb—mesotibial brush; msms—mesotibial modified seta; mss—mesotibial spur; mtb—metatibial brush; mtms—metatibial modified seta; mtsmetatibial spur; psp—posterior spur; psr—posterior setal row; sb—setal band; ta 1 – ta 4 — tarsomeres 1 – 4. Scale bars = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257547/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
A–E). Length of anterior spur (asp) slightly smaller than length of 1st tarsomere (ta1). Profemora moderately swollen. Mesotibiae (
<figureCitation id="9DA52A178919FFCF22FD3A8AFC4DFE0D" box="[928,1009,478,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1661,1683]" captionTargetBox="[165,1419,204,1629]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[150,1437,193,1640]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. SEM illustrations of structural features of legs of Zeanillus species, various aspects. A – E right protarsus and protibia, ventral aspect: A, D – E—females; B – C—males. A— Z. phyllobius; B— Z. punctigerus; C— Z. pellucidus; D— Z. pallidus; E— Z. brouni. F – G, H, J right and I, K left mesotibia: F— Z. phyllobius, ventral aspect; G— Z. punctigerus, ventral aspect; H— Z. pellucidus, medial aspect; I— Z. pallidus, ventral aspect; J— Z. lescheni, ventral aspect; K— Z. brouni, ventral aspect. L – M, O right and N, P – Q left metatibia: L— Z. phyllobius, ventral aspect; M— Z. punctigerus, ventral aspect; N— Z. pellucidus, medial aspect; O— Z. pallidus, ventral aspect; P— Z. lescheni, ventral aspect; Q— Z. brouni, medial aspect. Legend: ac—antenna cleaner; as—adhesive seta; asp—anterior spur; asr—anterior setal row; cls—clip seta; msb—mesotibial brush; msms—mesotibial modified seta; mss—mesotibial spur; mtb—metatibial brush; mtms—metatibial modified seta; mtsmetatibial spur; psp—posterior spur; psr—posterior setal row; sb—setal band; ta 1 – ta 4 — tarsomeres 1 – 4. Scale bars = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257547/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
F–K) with one long row of modified ventral setae (msms) at apical half, with two terminal spurs (mss) and tibial brush (msb). Metafemora unmodified, metatibiae (
<figureCitation id="9DA52A178919FFCF20433972FECCFDC5" box="[286,368,550,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1661,1683]" captionTargetBox="[165,1419,204,1629]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[150,1437,193,1640]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. SEM illustrations of structural features of legs of Zeanillus species, various aspects. A – E right protarsus and protibia, ventral aspect: A, D – E—females; B – C—males. A— Z. phyllobius; B— Z. punctigerus; C— Z. pellucidus; D— Z. pallidus; E— Z. brouni. F – G, H, J right and I, K left mesotibia: F— Z. phyllobius, ventral aspect; G— Z. punctigerus, ventral aspect; H— Z. pellucidus, medial aspect; I— Z. pallidus, ventral aspect; J— Z. lescheni, ventral aspect; K— Z. brouni, ventral aspect. L – M, O right and N, P – Q left metatibia: L— Z. phyllobius, ventral aspect; M— Z. punctigerus, ventral aspect; N— Z. pellucidus, medial aspect; O— Z. pallidus, ventral aspect; P— Z. lescheni, ventral aspect; Q— Z. brouni, medial aspect. Legend: ac—antenna cleaner; as—adhesive seta; asp—anterior spur; asr—anterior setal row; cls—clip seta; msb—mesotibial brush; msms—mesotibial modified seta; mss—mesotibial spur; mtb—metatibial brush; mtms—metatibial modified seta; mtsmetatibial spur; psp—posterior spur; psr—posterior setal row; sb—setal band; ta 1 – ta 4 — tarsomeres 1 – 4. Scale bars = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257547/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
L–Q) with one row of modified ventral setae (mtms) in apical half, with two terminal spurs (mts) and tibial brush (mtb). Number of metatibial modified setae varied among species. Tarsi pentamerous, last and 1st tarsomeres are the longest, 2–4 tarsomeres of equal length on the tarsi of all legs, 1st tarsomere shorter than combined length of 2–4 tarsomeres. Tarsal claws simple, untoothed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="052136928919FFCF219A39E8FD53FCDA" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF219A39E8FE15FD2E" box="[199,425,700,724]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Abdominal ventrites</emphasis>
. Five visible abdominal ventrites: 2nd ventrite longest, 2.8–3.5 times longer than 3rd or 4th, 3rd and 4th equal in length; the last, 5th, 1.4–1.6 times longer than 4th. Intercoxal process of 2nd ventrite of moderate width, triangularly constricted anteriorly (
<figureCitation id="9DA52A178919FFCF23313853FD0DFCE5" box="[620,689,775,800]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1204,1226]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,193,1181]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1435,193,1182]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Digital images of pterothorax and first abdominal ventrites, ventral aspect, of Zeanillus species. A— Z. phyllobius; B— Z. punctigerus; C— Z. nunni; D— Z. pallidus; E— Z. pellucidus; F— Z. brouni; G— Z. lescheni; H— Z. montivagus; I— Z. nanus. Legend: ipa—intercoxal process of abdominal ventrite 2; mes—metendosternite; mte—metanepisternum; mtvmetaventrite; v 1 – v 2 — abdominal ventrites 1 – 2. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/167655/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
, ipa).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="052136928919FFCF219A387FFD81FBBA" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF219A387FFECCFCB9" box="[199,368,811,835]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9DA52A178919FFCF20D8387FFDB5FCB9" box="[389,521,811,836]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 12" captionStart-1="FIGURE 13" captionStart-2="FIGURE 14" captionStartId-0="21.[151,250,1424,1446]" captionStartId-1="22.[151,250,1677,1699]" captionStartId-2="23.[151,250,1033,1055]" captionTargetBox-0="[155,1428,199,1393]" captionTargetBox-1="[162,1426,562,1641]" captionTargetBox-2="[165,1404,198,1020]" captionTargetId-0="figure@21.[150,1436,193,1403]" captionTargetId-1="figure@22.[151,1436,553,1656]" captionTargetId-2="figure@23.[162,1414,193,1024]" captionTargetPageId-0="21" captionTargetPageId-1="22" captionTargetPageId-2="23" captionText-0="FIGURE 12. Line drawings of aedeagus of Zeanillus species. Z. punctigerus (NZ, Canterbury, Sharplin Falls): A—median lobe, right lateral aspect, B—apical part of median lobe, dorsal aspect, C—left paramere, left lateral aspect, D—right paramere, right lateral aspect; Z. nunni (NZ, Otago, Evansdale): E—median lobe, right lateral aspect, F—apical part of median lobe, dorsal aspect, G—left paramere, left lateral aspect, H—right paramere, right lateral aspect; Z. phyllobius (NZ, Canterbury, Ahuriri Scenic Reserve): I—median lobe, right lateral aspect, J—apical part of median lobe, dorsal aspect, K—left paramere, left lateral aspect, L—right paramere, right lateral aspect; Z. pallidus (NZ, Otago, Taieri Mouth): M—median lobe, right lateral aspect, N—apical part of median lobe, dorsal aspect, O—left paramere, left lateral aspect, P—right paramere, right lateral aspect; Z. pellucidus (NZ, Otago, Oamaru, Glen Warren Reserve): Q—median lobe, right lateral aspect, R—apical part of median lobe, dorsal aspect, S—left paramere, left lateral aspect, T—right paramere, right lateral aspect. Legend: ao—apical orifice; bo—basal orifice; ds—dorsal sclerites, of—ostial field. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 13. Line drawings of aedeagus of Zeanillus species. Z. carltoni (NZ, Otago, Mount Watkin): A—median lobe, right lateral aspect, B—apical part of median lobe, dorsal aspect, C—left paramere, left lateral aspect, D—right paramere, right lateral aspect; Z. lescheni (NZ, Otago, Waikaia Forest): E—median lobe, right lateral aspect, F—apical part of median lobe, dorsal aspect, G—left paramere, left lateral aspect, H—right paramere, right lateral aspect; Z. nanus (NZ, Otago, Balclutha): I—median lobe, right lateral aspect, J—apical part of median lobe, dorsal aspect, K—left paramere, left lateral aspect, L—right paramere, right lateral aspect; Z. montivagus (NZ, Otago, North Rough Ridge): M—median lobe, right lateral aspect, Napical part of median lobe, dorsal aspect, O—left paramere, left lateral aspect, P—right paramere, right lateral aspect; Z. brouni (NZ, Otago, Oamaru, Glen Warren Reserve): Q—median lobe, right lateral aspect, R—apical part of median lobe, dorsal aspect, S—left paramere, left lateral aspect, T—right paramere, right lateral aspect. Legend: ds—dorsal sclerites; of—ostial field. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 14. Line drawings of ring sclerite of Zeanillus species, male genitalia, dorsal aspect. A— Z. phyllobius (NZ, Canterbury, Ahuriri Scenic Reserve); B— Z. punctigerus (NZ, Canterbury, Orari Gorge); C— Z. nunni (NZ, Otago, Highway 87 at Rocklands Rd); D— Z. pallidus (NZ, Southland, Thomsons Bush); E— Z. pellucidus (NZ, Otago, Oamaru, Glen Warren Reserve); F— Z. nanus (NZ, Otago, Pisa Range); G— Z. montivagus (NZ, Otago, North Rough Ridge); H— Z. brouni (NZ, Otago, Oamaru, Glen Warren Reserve); I— Z. lescheni (NZ, Otago, Waikaia Forest); J— Z. carltoni (NZ, Otago, Mount Watkin). Legend: hd—handle of ring sclerite. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/167660/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/167661/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/167662/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 12–14</figureCitation>
). Median lobe of aedeagus anopic, elongate, slightly twisted, and moderately arcuate (
<figureCitation id="9DA52A178919FFCF21A5381BFEC4FC9D" box="[248,376,847,872]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 12" captionStart-1="FIGURE 13" captionStartId-0="21.[151,250,1424,1446]" captionStartId-1="22.[151,250,1677,1699]" captionTargetBox-0="[155,1428,199,1393]" captionTargetBox-1="[162,1426,562,1641]" captionTargetId-0="figure@21.[150,1436,193,1403]" captionTargetId-1="figure@22.[151,1436,553,1656]" captionTargetPageId-0="21" captionTargetPageId-1="22" captionText-0="FIGURE 12. Line drawings of aedeagus of Zeanillus species. Z. punctigerus (NZ, Canterbury, Sharplin Falls): A—median lobe, right lateral aspect, B—apical part of median lobe, dorsal aspect, C—left paramere, left lateral aspect, D—right paramere, right lateral aspect; Z. nunni (NZ, Otago, Evansdale): E—median lobe, right lateral aspect, F—apical part of median lobe, dorsal aspect, G—left paramere, left lateral aspect, H—right paramere, right lateral aspect; Z. phyllobius (NZ, Canterbury, Ahuriri Scenic Reserve): I—median lobe, right lateral aspect, J—apical part of median lobe, dorsal aspect, K—left paramere, left lateral aspect, L—right paramere, right lateral aspect; Z. pallidus (NZ, Otago, Taieri Mouth): M—median lobe, right lateral aspect, N—apical part of median lobe, dorsal aspect, O—left paramere, left lateral aspect, P—right paramere, right lateral aspect; Z. pellucidus (NZ, Otago, Oamaru, Glen Warren Reserve): Q—median lobe, right lateral aspect, R—apical part of median lobe, dorsal aspect, S—left paramere, left lateral aspect, T—right paramere, right lateral aspect. Legend: ao—apical orifice; bo—basal orifice; ds—dorsal sclerites, of—ostial field. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 13. Line drawings of aedeagus of Zeanillus species. Z. carltoni (NZ, Otago, Mount Watkin): A—median lobe, right lateral aspect, B—apical part of median lobe, dorsal aspect, C—left paramere, left lateral aspect, D—right paramere, right lateral aspect; Z. lescheni (NZ, Otago, Waikaia Forest): E—median lobe, right lateral aspect, F—apical part of median lobe, dorsal aspect, G—left paramere, left lateral aspect, H—right paramere, right lateral aspect; Z. nanus (NZ, Otago, Balclutha): I—median lobe, right lateral aspect, J—apical part of median lobe, dorsal aspect, K—left paramere, left lateral aspect, L—right paramere, right lateral aspect; Z. montivagus (NZ, Otago, North Rough Ridge): M—median lobe, right lateral aspect, Napical part of median lobe, dorsal aspect, O—left paramere, left lateral aspect, P—right paramere, right lateral aspect; Z. brouni (NZ, Otago, Oamaru, Glen Warren Reserve): Q—median lobe, right lateral aspect, R—apical part of median lobe, dorsal aspect, S—left paramere, left lateral aspect, T—right paramere, right lateral aspect. Legend: ds—dorsal sclerites; of—ostial field. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/167660/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/167661/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 12–13</figureCitation>
). Apex of median lobe typically unmodified, except two species with enlarged apex. Internal sac with two copulatory sclerites of various size, represented either by two separate structures or by two sclerites united basally, in the last case sclerites acutely attenuated apically. Some species have ostial fields at apical orifice. Additional spines of internal sac are absent. Parameres bisetose. Left paramere large and broad either evenly tapered to apex or attenuated and subparallel proximal to setal attachment, right paramere short. Ring sclerite (
<figureCitation id="9DA52A178919FFCF2432388BFF08FBE1" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1033,1055]" captionTargetBox="[165,1404,198,1020]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[162,1414,193,1024]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 14. Line drawings of ring sclerite of Zeanillus species, male genitalia, dorsal aspect. A— Z. phyllobius (NZ, Canterbury, Ahuriri Scenic Reserve); B— Z. punctigerus (NZ, Canterbury, Orari Gorge); C— Z. nunni (NZ, Otago, Highway 87 at Rocklands Rd); D— Z. pallidus (NZ, Southland, Thomsons Bush); E— Z. pellucidus (NZ, Otago, Oamaru, Glen Warren Reserve); F— Z. nanus (NZ, Otago, Pisa Range); G— Z. montivagus (NZ, Otago, North Rough Ridge); H— Z. brouni (NZ, Otago, Oamaru, Glen Warren Reserve); I— Z. lescheni (NZ, Otago, Waikaia Forest); J— Z. carltoni (NZ, Otago, Mount Watkin). Legend: hd—handle of ring sclerite. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/167662/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
) ovoid either with transverse broadly rounded handle-like extension (hd) varying in length among species or simple with no traces of enlargement.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="052136928919FFCF219A3F1FFD84FAED" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF219A3F1FFE57FB99" box="[199,491,1099,1123]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Female internal genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9DA52A178919FFCF20A03F1FFDC2FB9E" box="[509,638,1099,1124]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 15" captionStart-1="FIGURE 16" captionStart-2="FIGURE 17" captionStartId-0="24.[151,250,1566,1588]" captionStartId-1="25.[151,250,1600,1622]" captionStartId-2="27.[151,250,1593,1615]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1415,184,1535]" captionTargetBox-1="[171,1418,211,1571]" captionTargetBox-2="[272,1296,204,1563]" captionTargetId-0="figure@24.[150,1436,175,1545]" captionTargetId-1="figure@25.[151,1435,193,1579]" captionTargetId-2="figure@27.[263,1309,193,1579]" captionTargetPageId-0="24" captionTargetPageId-1="25" captionTargetPageId-2="27" captionText-0="FIGURE 15. Line drawings of right ovipositor sclerite, lateral aspect, of Zeanillus species. A— Z. phyllobius (NZ, Canterbury, Ahuriri Scenic Reserve); B— Z. punctigerus (NZ, Canterbury, Sharplin Falls); C— Z. nunni (NZ, Otago, Woodside Glen); D— Z. pallidus (NZ, Otago, Taieri Mouth); E— Z. pellucidus (NZ, Otago, Oamaru, Glen Warren Reserve); F— Z. brouni (NZ, Otago, Oamaru, Glen Warren Reserve); G— Z. carltoni (NZ, Otago, Mount Watkin); H— Z. lescheni (NZ, Otago, Waikaia Forest); I— Z. montivagus (NZ, Otago, North Rough Ridge); J— Z. nanus (NZ, Otago, Balclutha). Legend: es—ensiform seta; gc 1 — gonocoxite 1; gc 2 — gonocoxite 2; lt—laterotergite; ns—nematiform seta. Scale bar = 0.05 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 16. Line drawings of spermatheca, spermathecal duct, and spermathecal gland of Zeanillus species. A— Z. phyllobius (NZ, Canterbury, Ahuriri Scenic Reserve); B— Z. punctigerus (NZ, Canterbury, Sharplin Falls); C— Z. nunni (NZ, Otago, Woodside Glen); D— Z. pellucidus (NZ, Otago, Oamaru, Glen Warren Reserve); E— Z. pallidus (NZ, Otago, Taieri Mouth); F— Z. brouni (NZ, Otago, Oamaru, Glen Warren Reserve); G— Z. montivagus (NZ, Otago, North Rough Ridge); H— Z. nanus (NZ, Otago, Balclutha). Legend: sd—spermathecal duct; sg—spermathecal gland; sp—spermatheca. Scale bar = 0.05 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 17. Line drawings of spermatheca, spermathecal duct, and spermathecal gland of Zeanillus species. A— Z. carltoni (NZ, Otago, Mount Watkin); B— Z. lescheni (NZ, Otago, Waikaia Forest); C— Z. nanus (NZ, Otago, Balclutha), the structure is the same as in Fig. 16 H and is repeated for purposes of comparison among species. Legend: sd—spermathecal duct. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/167663/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/167664/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/167665/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 15–17</figureCitation>
). Gonocoxite 1 asetose (
<figureCitation id="9DA52A178919FFCF22C13F1FFC4EFB9E" box="[924,1010,1099,1124]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1566,1588]" captionTargetBox="[159,1415,184,1535]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[150,1436,175,1545]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 15. Line drawings of right ovipositor sclerite, lateral aspect, of Zeanillus species. A— Z. phyllobius (NZ, Canterbury, Ahuriri Scenic Reserve); B— Z. punctigerus (NZ, Canterbury, Sharplin Falls); C— Z. nunni (NZ, Otago, Woodside Glen); D— Z. pallidus (NZ, Otago, Taieri Mouth); E— Z. pellucidus (NZ, Otago, Oamaru, Glen Warren Reserve); F— Z. brouni (NZ, Otago, Oamaru, Glen Warren Reserve); G— Z. carltoni (NZ, Otago, Mount Watkin); H— Z. lescheni (NZ, Otago, Waikaia Forest); I— Z. montivagus (NZ, Otago, North Rough Ridge); J— Z. nanus (NZ, Otago, Balclutha). Legend: es—ensiform seta; gc 1 — gonocoxite 1; gc 2 — gonocoxite 2; lt—laterotergite; ns—nematiform seta. Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/167663/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
, gc1). Gonocoxite 2 falciform (gc2), 1.6–1.8 times longer than its basal width, moderately curved, with ensiform (es) and apical nematiform (ns) setae. Length of ensiform setae varies among species. Laterotergite (lt) with 8–16 setae. Spermatheca (sp) sclerotized (
<figureCitation id="9DA52A178919FFCF21C23FE3FEA3FB2A" box="[159,287,1207,1232]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 16" captionStart-1="FIGURE 17" captionStartId-0="25.[151,250,1600,1622]" captionStartId-1="27.[151,250,1593,1615]" captionTargetBox-0="[171,1418,211,1571]" captionTargetBox-1="[272,1296,204,1563]" captionTargetId-0="figure@25.[151,1435,193,1579]" captionTargetId-1="figure@27.[263,1309,193,1579]" captionTargetPageId-0="25" captionTargetPageId-1="27" captionText-0="FIGURE 16. Line drawings of spermatheca, spermathecal duct, and spermathecal gland of Zeanillus species. A— Z. phyllobius (NZ, Canterbury, Ahuriri Scenic Reserve); B— Z. punctigerus (NZ, Canterbury, Sharplin Falls); C— Z. nunni (NZ, Otago, Woodside Glen); D— Z. pellucidus (NZ, Otago, Oamaru, Glen Warren Reserve); E— Z. pallidus (NZ, Otago, Taieri Mouth); F— Z. brouni (NZ, Otago, Oamaru, Glen Warren Reserve); G— Z. montivagus (NZ, Otago, North Rough Ridge); H— Z. nanus (NZ, Otago, Balclutha). Legend: sd—spermathecal duct; sg—spermathecal gland; sp—spermatheca. Scale bar = 0.05 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 17. Line drawings of spermatheca, spermathecal duct, and spermathecal gland of Zeanillus species. A— Z. carltoni (NZ, Otago, Mount Watkin); B— Z. lescheni (NZ, Otago, Waikaia Forest); C— Z. nanus (NZ, Otago, Balclutha), the structure is the same as in Fig. 16 H and is repeated for purposes of comparison among species. Legend: sd—spermathecal duct. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/167664/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/167665/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 16–17</figureCitation>
), of different size (cf.
<figureCitation id="9DA52A178919FFCF237B3FE3FDCAFB35" box="[550,630,1207,1232]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1593,1615]" captionTargetBox="[272,1296,204,1563]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[263,1309,193,1579]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 17. Line drawings of spermatheca, spermathecal duct, and spermathecal gland of Zeanillus species. A— Z. carltoni (NZ, Otago, Mount Watkin); B— Z. lescheni (NZ, Otago, Waikaia Forest); C— Z. nanus (NZ, Otago, Balclutha), the structure is the same as in Fig. 16 H and is repeated for purposes of comparison among species. Legend: sd—spermathecal duct. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/167665/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
A versus C), length and shape, with 2–4 inner compartments, making traditional naming of spermathecal parts impossible. Spermathecal duct typically short, except
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D118919FFCF25BB3F88FADCFB09" box="[1254,1376,1243,1267]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zeanillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carltoni">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF25BB3F88FADCFB09" box="[1254,1376,1243,1267]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Z. carltoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with very long and coiled duct (
<figureCitation id="9DA52A178919FFCF209E3FABFDA8FAED" box="[451,532,1279,1304]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1593,1615]" captionTargetBox="[272,1296,204,1563]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[263,1309,193,1579]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 17. Line drawings of spermatheca, spermathecal duct, and spermathecal gland of Zeanillus species. A— Z. carltoni (NZ, Otago, Mount Watkin); B— Z. lescheni (NZ, Otago, Waikaia Forest); C— Z. nanus (NZ, Otago, Balclutha), the structure is the same as in Fig. 16 H and is repeated for purposes of comparison among species. Legend: sd—spermathecal duct. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/167665/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
A).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="052136928919FFCF219A3E77FA3CFA5D" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF219A3E77FECAFAC6" bold="true" box="[199,374,1315,1340]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Included taxa.</emphasis>
The genus comprises four subgenera and ten species: nominotypical subgenus includes
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D118919FFCF24D83E70FECEFAA5" authority="Broun" authorityName="Broun" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllobius">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF24D83E70FEB0FAA5" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Z. phyllobius</emphasis>
(Broun)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D118919FFCF20DC3E1CFD31FAA5" authority="Broun" authorityName="Broun" box="[385,653,1351,1375]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zeanillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctigerus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF20DC3E1CFD9AFAA5" box="[385,550,1352,1375]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Z. punctigerus</emphasis>
(Broun)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D118919FFCF23923E1CFC8DFAA5" box="[719,817,1352,1375]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zeanillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nunni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF23923E1CFC8DFAA5" box="[719,817,1352,1375]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Z. nunni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2CD957FB8919FFCF221F3E1CFCC6FAA5" box="[834,890,1352,1375]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; subgenus
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF22A03E13FB32FAA5" box="[1021,1166,1351,1375]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Brounanillus</emphasis>
, subgen.n., includes
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D118919FFCF24D83E1CFEE1FA79" authority="Broun" authorityName="Broun" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zeanillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF24D83E1CFF4DFA79" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Z. pallidus</emphasis>
(Broun)
</taxonomicName>
; subgen
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF208C3E3FFDE6FA79" box="[465,602,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nunnanillus</emphasis>
, subgen.n., includes
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D118919FFCF223F3E38FC47FA79" box="[866,1019,1387,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zeanillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pellucidus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF223F3E38FC47FA79" box="[866,1019,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Z. pellucidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2CD957FB8919FFCF254E3E38FBF6FA79" box="[1043,1098,1388,1411]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; and subgenus
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF244C3E3FFA29FA79" box="[1297,1429,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Otagonillus</emphasis>
, subgen.n., includes
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D118919FFCF20293EC4FE60FA5D" box="[372,476,1423,1447]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zeanillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brouni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF20293EC4FE60FA5D" box="[372,476,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Z. brouni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2CD957FB8919FFCF20B73EC4FD9CFA5D" box="[490,544,1424,1447]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D118919FFCF23713EC4FD1FFA5D" box="[556,675,1423,1447]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zeanillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carltoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF23713EC4FD1FFA5D" box="[556,675,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Z. carltoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2CD957FB8919FFCF23EC3EC4FD5BFA5D" box="[689,743,1424,1447]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D118919FFCF23A93EC4FCD1FA5D" box="[756,877,1423,1447]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zeanillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lescheni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF23A93EC4FCD1FA5D" box="[756,877,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Z. lescheni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2CD957FB8919FFCF22263EC4FC0EFA5D" box="[891,946,1424,1447]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D118919FFCF22E33EC4FBE0FA5D" box="[958,1116,1424,1447]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zeanillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montivagus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF22E33EC4FBE0FA5D" box="[958,1116,1424,1447]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Z. montivagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2CD957FB8919FFCF25363EC4FB1DFA5D" box="[1131,1185,1424,1447]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D118919FFCF25803EC4FA81FA5D" box="[1245,1341,1424,1447]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zeanillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF25803EC4FA81FA5D" box="[1245,1341,1424,1447]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Z. nanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2CD957FB8919FFCF24163EC4FA3CFA5D" box="[1355,1408,1424,1447]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="052136928919FFCF219A3EE7FB60F9EE" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<materialsCitation id="B5F63CCF8919FFCF219A3EE7FD49FA0A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1341350636" country="New Zealand" location="South Island" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Canterbury">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF219A3EE7FDB8FA36" bold="true" box="[199,516,1459,1484]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
The species of
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D118919FFCF23EC3EE7FCA5FA31" box="[689,793,1459,1483]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zeanillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF23EC3EE7FCA5FA31" box="[689,793,1459,1483]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Zeanillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known from three regions of the
<location id="004160498919FFCF25EB3EE7FAFEFA36" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8D378784891FFFCE21CA3E70FC0FFC5E:004160498919FFCF25EB3EE7FAFEFA36" box="[1206,1346,1459,1484]" country="New Zealand" name="South Island" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Canterbury">South Island</location>
of
<collectingCountry id="7D8976028919FFCF243A3EE0FF4DFA0A" name="New Zealand" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="9DA52A178919FFCF205F3E83FEE4FA15" box="[258,344,1495,1520]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[198,1387,199,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[189,1398,193,1897]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 18. Map of southern half of South Island, New Zealand, showing positions of locality records for the species of Zeanillus. A: white circles, Z. phyllobius; green circles, Z. punctigerus; red circles, Z. nunni; blue diamond, Z. pellucidus; green diamond, Z. pallidus. B: white triangles, Z. brouni; green triangles, Z. nanus; red triangles, Z. lescheni; yellow triangle, Z. carltoni; black triangle, Z. montivagus. Elevation scale bars are given in meters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/167666/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
):
<collectingRegion id="C75AF8708919FFCF20323E83FE52FA0A" box="[367,494,1495,1520]" country="New Zealand" name="Canterbury" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Canterbury</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="C75AF8708919FFCF20A63E83FDFEFA15" box="[507,578,1495,1519]" country="New Zealand" name="Otago" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Otago</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingRegion id="C75AF8708919FFCF23DD3E83FD49FA0A" box="[640,757,1495,1520]" country="New Zealand" name="Southland" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Southland</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="B5F63CCF8919FFCF225F3E83FB64F9EE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1341350635" country="New Zealand" location="Otago" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Otago">
The majority of the species inhabit
<collectingRegion id="C75AF8708919FFCF25C73E83FB62FA15" box="[1178,1246,1495,1519]" country="New Zealand" name="Otago" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Otago</collectingRegion>
(8 species), two species are confined to
<collectingRegion id="C75AF8708919FFCF20C03EAFFDA7F9EE" box="[413,539,1531,1556]" country="New Zealand" name="Canterbury" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Canterbury</collectingRegion>
and three (two shared with
<collectingRegion id="C75AF8708919FFCF22093EAFFC26F9E9" box="[852,922,1531,1555]" country="New Zealand" name="Otago" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Otago</collectingRegion>
) are known from
<collectingRegion id="C75AF8708919FFCF253E3EAFFB64F9EE" box="[1123,1240,1531,1556]" country="New Zealand" name="Southland" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Southland</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="052136928919FFCF219A3D4BFAD5F932" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF219A3D4BFEEFF9C2" bold="true" box="[199,339,1567,1592]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Way of life.</emphasis>
According to the label information, specimens of
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D118919FFCF22C83D4BFC41F9CD" box="[917,1021,1567,1591]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zeanillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF22C83D4BFC41F9CD" box="[917,1021,1567,1591]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Zeanillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected mostly from washed soil samples, sometimes in a combination with turf or moss. Only a few specimens were collected from litter and one specimen was collected under a stone after rain. Collections were made in a vast spectrum of habitats: from subalpine tussocklands to lowland and coastal forests, including Podocarp-kamahi, Podocarp-broadleaved, and beech-broadleaved communities. Beetles were collected during all months throughout the year, except March.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="052136928919FFCE219A3D87FF45FD9A" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2027]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,861]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF219A3D87FECCF916" bold="true" box="[199,368,1747,1772]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Relationships.</emphasis>
The varied state of mental tooth (absent or present) together with the structure of the umbilicate series: nine pores with the longest seta in 2nd, 6th, and 9th pore position, formally allow different members of
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D118919FFCF21CA3C4AFF43F8CC" box="[151,255,1822,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zeanillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF21CA3C4AFF43F8CC" box="[151,255,1822,1846]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Zeanillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be placed within two different subdivisions of Anillina: either the
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D118919FFCF25663C4AFB1FF8CC" box="[1083,1187,1822,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zeanillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF25663C4AFB1FF8CC" box="[1083,1187,1822,1846]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Zeanillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- or the
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D118919FFCF24553C4AFA20F8CC" box="[1288,1436,1822,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Microtyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF24553C4AFA20F8CC" box="[1288,1436,1822,1846]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Microtyphlus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
phyletic lineages sensu
<bibRefCitation id="610F4B638919FFCF20F13C16FDE9F8A1" author="Jeannel" box="[428,597,1858,1883]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Jeannel, R. (1963) Monographie des '' Anillini' ', Bembidiides endoges [Coleoptera Trechidae]. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Serie A, Zoologie, 28, 33 - 204." type="journal article" year="1963">Jeannel (1963)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="610F4B638919FFCF23CE3C16FCEFF8A0" author="Giachino" box="[659,851,1858,1883]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Giachino, P. M. (2008) New genera and species of Anillina (Coleoptera Carabidae Bembidiini) from Madagascar and Seychelles Islands, with notes about their origin and distributions. Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, Botanica Zoologia, 32, 91 - 136." type="journal article" year="2008">Giachino (2008)</bibRefCitation>
. The
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D118919FFCF22C53C16FBBCF8A0" box="[920,1024,1858,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zeanillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF22C53C16FBBCF8A0" box="[920,1024,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Zeanillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
phyletic lineage embraces all
<collectingCountry id="7D8976028919FFCF243A3C17FF4DF884" name="New Zealand" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
genera and is restricted in distribution to
<collectingCountry id="7D8976028919FFCF239A3C33FCE1F884" box="[711,861,1893,1918]" name="New Zealand" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
only. Among the
<collectingCountry id="7D8976028919FFCF25753C33FB03F884" box="[1064,1215,1893,1918]" name="New Zealand" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
genera the putative closest relatives of the members of
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D118919FFCF236C3CDEFD25F858" box="[561,665,1930,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zeanillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF236C3CDEFD25F858" box="[561,665,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Zeanillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are the representatives of
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D118919FFCF22913CDEFBDDF858" box="[972,1121,1930,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Nesamblyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808919FFCF22913CDEFBDDF858" box="[972,1121,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nesamblyops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Both genera share distinct paraglossae, rounded posterior angles of pronotum, and smooth elytra, distinguishing them from any other species of the
<collectingCountry id="7D8976028919FFCF21823C87FECAF811" box="[223,374,2002,2027]" name="New Zealand" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
anillines. However, difference in the structure of the prosternal process and in the structure of the male and female reproductive organs suggest only a remote relationship between the two genera. Representatives of the
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D118918FFCE20CA3BE8FD90FF2E" box="[407,556,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Microtyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808918FFCE20CA3BE8FD90FF2E" box="[407,556,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Microtyphlus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
phyletic lineage inhabit South Europe, Africa with
<collectingCountry id="7D8976028918FFCE252D3BE8FB4BFF2F" box="[1136,1271,188,213]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="7D8976028918FFCE24733BE8FA24FF2F" box="[1326,1432,188,213]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Australia</collectingCountry>
. Some of them possess the same combination of external characters as the members of
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D118918FFCE25E83BB4FAA1FF02" box="[1205,1309,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zeanillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808918FFCE25E83BB4FAA1FF02" box="[1205,1309,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Zeanillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, like noncrenulated basolateral margins of pronotum, rounded posterior pronotal angles, dehiscent elytra, and exposed pygidium, thus superficially resembling the latter. Among these taxa are some species of
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D118918FFCE25EF3A7CFEFCFE9F" authority="Linder (Jeannel 1963)" authorityName="Linder (Jeannel" authorityYear="1963" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Microtyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808918FFCE25EF3A7CFAFAFEBA" box="[1202,1350,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Microtyphlus</emphasis>
Linder (
<bibRefCitation id="610F4B638918FFCE21C33A18FE8BFE9F" author="Jeannel" box="[158,311,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Jeannel, R. (1963) Monographie des '' Anillini' ', Bembidiides endoges [Coleoptera Trechidae]. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Serie A, Zoologie, 28, 33 - 204." type="journal article" year="1963">Jeannel 1963</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from Europe, the members of
<emphasis id="37EAEA808918FFCE23F13A18FCF9FE99" box="[684,837,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Caeconannus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="610F4B638918FFCE22133A18FBF3FE9F" author="Jeannel" box="[846,1103,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Jeannel, R. (1963) Monographie des '' Anillini' ', Bembidiides endoges [Coleoptera Trechidae]. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Serie A, Zoologie, 28, 33 - 204." type="journal article" year="1963">Jeannel (Jeannel 1963</bibRefCitation>
, Giachino 2015) from
<collectingCountry id="7D8976028918FFCE24063A18FF5EFE72" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, the single representative of
<emphasis id="37EAEA808918FFCE23673A24FD1EFE72" box="[570,674,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bulirshia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="610F4B638918FFCE23F33A3BFC62FE72" box="[686,990,367,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Giachino, P. M. (2008) New genera and species of Anillina (Coleoptera Carabidae Bembidiini) from Madagascar and Seychelles Islands, with notes about their origin and distributions. Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, Botanica Zoologia, 32, 91 - 136." type="journal article">Giachino (Giachino 2008)</bibRefCitation>
from Magadascar and one species of
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D118918FFCE21CA3AC0FD30FE57" authority="Giachino (Giachino 2005)" authorityName="Giachino (Giachino" authorityYear="2005" box="[151,652,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pseudillaphanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808918FFCE21CA3AC0FEEEFE56" box="[151,338,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudillaphanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="610F4B638918FFCE20003AC0FD30FE57" box="[349,652,404,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Giachino, P. M. (2005) Revision of the Australian Anillina (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Bembidiini). In: Daccordi, M. &amp; Giachino, P. M. (Eds.), Results of the Zoological Missions to Australia of the Regional Museum of Natural Sciences of Turin. II. Monografie del Museo regionale di Scienze naturali, Torino, 42, pp. 137 - 238." type="journal article">Giachino (Giachino 2005)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="7D8976028918FFCE23873AC0FCF8FE57" box="[730,836,404,429]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Australia</collectingCountry>
. However, the absence of paraglossae in all of the mentioned taxa immediately distinguish their members from
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D118918FFCE22013AECFC78FE2A" box="[860,964,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zeanillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808918FFCE22013AECFC78FE2A" box="[860,964,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Zeanillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. So, it is likely that external similarities among the taxa listed above reflect convergences rather than relationships and true relatives of
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D118918FFCE25833A88FAFAFE0E" box="[1246,1350,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zeanillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808918FFCE25833A88FAFAFE0E" box="[1246,1350,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Zeanillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
among Anillina outside
<collectingCountry id="7D8976028918FFCE200E3954FE56FDE2" box="[339,490,511,536]" name="New Zealand" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
can be determined only after thorough molecular phylogenetic analysis. Until then, it is best to consider the members of
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D118918FFCE23173970FD0EFDC6" box="[586,690,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zeanillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808918FFCE23173970FD0EFDC6" box="[586,690,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Zeanillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of autochthonous origin with obscure relationships outside
<collectingCountry id="7D8976028918FFCE243A3971FF4AFD9A" name="New Zealand" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="052136928918FFCE219A3938FD34FCA7" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808918FFCE219A3938FECCFD7F" bold="true" box="[199,368,620,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Classification.</emphasis>
All species were arranged in four clusters based on peculiarities of chaetotaxy of the head, pronotum, and elytra, primarily on the state of postorbital and discal elytral fixed setae, allowing placement of all species into unambiguous groups. Additionally, states of the labium and mental tooth are involved in distinguishing one group. Traditionally these last characters have been used for the supraspecific ranking of Anillina, mainly for distinguishing new genera (for
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D118918FFCE20A939A8FD34FCEE" box="[500,648,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Microtyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808918FFCE20A939A8FD34FCEE" box="[500,648,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Microtyphlus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-phyletic lineage cf.
<bibRefCitation id="610F4B638918FFCE223339A8FBABFCEE" author="Giachino" box="[878,1047,764,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Giachino, P. M. (2008) New genera and species of Anillina (Coleoptera Carabidae Bembidiini) from Madagascar and Seychelles Islands, with notes about their origin and distributions. Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, Botanica Zoologia, 32, 91 - 136." type="journal article" year="2008">Giachino 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="610F4B638918FFCE257E39A8FB06FCEF" author="Jeannel" box="[1059,1210,764,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Jeannel, R. (1963) Monographie des '' Anillini' ', Bembidiides endoges [Coleoptera Trechidae]. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Serie A, Zoologie, 28, 33 - 204." type="journal article" year="1963">Jeannel 1963</bibRefCitation>
). I prefer to propose these groups of species as subgenera, mainly to conserve the generic status of this otherwise morphologically welldefined and apparently monophyletic group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="052136928918FFCE21CA38D8FC0FFC5E" blockId="5.[151,947,908,933]" box="[151,947,908,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
The key provided below allows identification of adults of the
<taxonomicName id="C29E4D118918FFCE221638D8FC0FFC5E" box="[843,947,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zeanillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37EAEA808918FFCE221638D8FC0FFC5E" box="[843,947,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Zeanillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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