378 lines
52 KiB
XML
378 lines
52 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E2FCD0774CD8F66C65B540C96B4B10B3">Redescription of the genus Coniceps Loew, 1873 (Diptera, Richardiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="72CF853ABC0FE4AB5978954ABDA1A7C7">Wendt, Lisiane Dilli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0A582ACE2AF161922BD91839FFEA848C">Ale-Rocha, Rosaly</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B011514349049A449ACA9EC83A581E76">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B32F27486830DCC443BCAD796E79EA1F">2012</mods:date>
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<treatment id="8D19EA1C2D3226037AE868BFFEB7FC69" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6175204" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119511379" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6175204" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8D19EA1C2D3226037AE868BFFEB7FC69" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D19EA1C2D3226037AE868BFFEB7FC69" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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<subSubSection id="4DAA08812D3226017AE868BFFEDAFD70" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="050F5B0A2D3226017AE868BFFE94FD11" blockId="1.[151,337,654,713]" box="[151,337,654,680]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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<heading id="5E47EC662D3226017AE868BFFE94FD11" bold="true" box="[151,337,654,680]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D3226017AE868BFFE94FD11" ID-CoL="3T6H" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[151,337,654,680]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" genus="Coniceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="37C487182D3226017AE868BFFE94FD11" bold="true" box="[151,337,654,680]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="37C487182D3226017AE868BFFEC3FD11" bold="true" box="[151,262,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Coniceps</emphasis>
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Loew
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="050F5B0A2D3226017AE86880FEDAFD70" blockId="1.[151,337,654,713]" box="[151,287,689,713]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">(Figs. 1–32)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4DAA08812D3226017AE868CBFC55FC11" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="050F5B0A2D3226017AE868CBFC55FC11" blockId="1.[151,1436,761,936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="25A07C242D3226017AE868CBFC55FC11" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D3226017AE868CBFE7FFCB6" ID-CoL="3T6H" authority="Loew, 1873a: 177" authorityName="Loew" authorityPageNumber="177" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,442,762,783]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" genus="Coniceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="37C487182D3226017AE868CBFF30FCB6" box="[151,245,762,783]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Coniceps</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="84117D1B2D3226017A8268CBFE7FFCB6" author="Loew" box="[253,442,762,783]" page="177" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" year="1873">
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<bibRefCitation id="612126FB2D3226017A8268CBFE40FCB6" author="Loew" box="[253,389,762,783]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" refString="Loew, H. (1873 a) Monographs of the Diptera of North America. Part III. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection, 256, 1 - 358 pp." type="journal article" year="1873" yearSuffix="a">Loew, 1873a</bibRefCitation>
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: 177
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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<typeStatus id="DA0BE5A82D3226017BB968CBFE3DFCB6" box="[454,504,762,783]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D322601782568CBFCFDFCB6" ID-CoL="XLTP" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[602,824,762,783]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" genus="Coniceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
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<emphasis id="37C487182D322601782568CBFD33FCB6" box="[602,758,762,783]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Coniceps niger</emphasis>
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Loew
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</taxonomicName>
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(mon.).
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<treatmentCitation id="84117D1B2D32260179EB68CBFB8AFCB6" author="Loew" box="[916,1103,761,783]" page="290" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" year="1873">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="612126FB2D32260179EB68CBFBD8FCB6" author="Loew" box="[916,1053,761,783]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" refString="Loew, H. (1873 b) Beschreibungen europaischer dipteren. Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten eropaischen zweiflugeligen Insecten. 320 pp." type="book" year="1873" yearSuffix="b">Loew, 1873b</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 290
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(
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<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D3226017E1F68CBFA87FCB6" box="[1120,1346,761,783]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" genus="Coniceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonarius">
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<emphasis id="37C487182D3226017E1F68CBFA87FCB6" box="[1120,1346,761,783]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Coniceps carbonarius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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description), 292 (redescription); Osten-Sacken, 1878: 187 (
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<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D32260178A46929FC87FC97" box="[731,834,792,814]" class="Insecta" family="Chamaemyiidae" genus="Acrometopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catalogue">catalogue</taxonomicName>
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);
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<treatmentCitation id="84117D1B2D322601792C6929FBD4FC97" author="Aldrich" box="[851,1041,792,814]" page="598" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" year="1905">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="612126FB2D322601792C6929FC27FC97" author="Aldrich" box="[851,994,792,814]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" refString="Aldrich, J. M. (1905) A catalogue of North American Dipetra (or two-winged flies). Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 46, 680 pp." type="book" year="1905">Aldrich, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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: 598
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</treatmentCitation>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D3226017E616929FB40FC97" box="[1054,1157,792,814]" class="Insecta" family="Chamaemyiidae" genus="Acrometopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catalogue">catalogue</taxonomicName>
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);
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<treatmentCitation id="84117D1B2D3226017EEA6929FA9EFC94" author="Hendel" box="[1173,1371,792,814]" page="181" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" year="1911">
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<bibRefCitation id="612126FB2D3226017EEA6929FAE9FC94" author="Hendel" box="[1173,1324,792,814]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" refString="Hendel, F. (1911 a) Die arten der dipteren-subfamilie Richardiinae. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 181 - 212." type="book chapter" year="1911" yearSuffix="a">Hendel, 1911a</bibRefCitation>
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: 181
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</treatmentCitation>
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(key), 184 (
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<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D3226017B7E6906FE5AFCF4" box="[257,415,823,845]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" genus="Coniceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonarius">
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<emphasis id="37C487182D3226017B7E6906FE5AFCF4" box="[257,415,823,845]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">C. carbonarius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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transferred to
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<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D322601783C6906FCA1FCF5" ID-CoL="NFC" authority="Schiner, 1862" authorityName="Schiner" authorityYear="1862" box="[579,868,822,844]" class="Insecta" family="Chamaemyiidae" genus="Acrometopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="37C487182D322601783C6906FD00FCF5" box="[579,709,823,844]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Acrometopia</emphasis>
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Schiner, 1862
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</taxonomicName>
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||
); 1911b: 4 (key), 6–8 (redescription, note);
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<treatmentCitation id="84117D1B2D3226017F3E6906FE59FCD2" author="Brues" page="336" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" year="1932">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="612126FB2D3226017F3E6906FEAEFCD3" author="Brues" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" refString="Brues, C. T. & Melander, A. L. (1932) Classification of insects: a key to the known families of insects and other terrestrial arthropods. Bulletin of the Museum Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 73, 1 - 672." type="journal article" year="1932">Brues & Melander, 1932</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 336
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(citation);
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||
<treatmentCitation id="84117D1B2D322601786F6964FD0EFCD3" author="Curran" box="[528,715,853,874]" page="273" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" year="1934">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="612126FB2D322601786F6964FD5FFCD3" author="Curran" box="[528,666,853,874]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" refString="Curran, C. H. (1934) The families and genera of North American Diptera. American Museum of Natural History, New York. 512 pp." type="book" year="1934">Curran, 1934</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 273
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(key); 1965: 273 (key, reprint);
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||
<treatmentCitation id="84117D1B2D3226017E646964FB0BFCD3" author="Hennig" box="[1051,1230,853,875]" page="22" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" year="1937">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="612126FB2D3226017E646964FB6CFCD3" author="Hennig" box="[1051,1193,853,875]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" refString="Hennig, W. (1937) Beitrage zur systematic der Richardiiden (Dipt.). Revista de Entomologia, 7, 21 - 34." type="journal article" year="1937">Hennig, 1937</bibRefCitation>
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: 22
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
(citation); 1973: 54 (citation);
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||
<treatmentCitation id="84117D1B2D3226017B4C6942FE09FC33" author="Aczel" box="[307,460,883,906]" page="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" year="1950">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="612126FB2D3226017B4C6942FE76FC30" author="Aczel" box="[307,435,883,905]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" refString="Aczel, M. (1950) Catalogo de la sufamilia americana " Richardiinae " (Dipt. Acalypt. Otitidae). Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 9, 5 - 47." type="journal article" year="1950">Aczél, 1950</bibRefCitation>
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: 7
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(
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<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D3226017BA36942FD86FC30" box="[476,579,883,905]" class="Insecta" family="Chamaemyiidae" genus="Acrometopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catalogue">catalogue</taxonomicName>
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||
);
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||
<treatmentCitation id="84117D1B2D32260178296942FCE6FC30" author="Steyskal" box="[598,803,883,905]" page="302" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" year="1958">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="612126FB2D32260178296942FD34FC30" author="Steyskal" box="[598,753,883,905]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" refString="Steyskal, G. C. (1958) Notes on the Richardiidae, with a review of the species known to occur in the United States (Diptera, Acalyptratae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 51, 302 - 310." type="journal article" year="1958">Steyskal, 1958</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 302
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</treatmentCitation>
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(key), 303 (note); 1968: 3 (
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<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D3226017E356942FB74FC30" box="[1098,1201,883,905]" class="Insecta" family="Chamaemyiidae" genus="Acrometopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catalogue">catalogue</taxonomicName>
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); 1987: 833 (comment about the head), 836 (key);
|
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<treatmentCitation id="84117D1B2D3226017BA169A3FD6EFC11" author="Hancock" box="[478,683,914,936]" page="872" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="612126FB2D3226017BA169A3FDBEFC11" author="Hancock" box="[478,635,914,936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" refString="Hancock, E. G. (2010) Family Richardiidae (Richardiid flies). In: Brown, B. V., Borkent, A., Cumming, J. M., Wood, D. M., Woodley, N. E. & Zumbado, M. A. (Eds.), Manual of Central American Diptera. Vol. 2, 65, 871 - 879." type="book chapter" year="2010">Hancock, 2010</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 872
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</treatmentCitation>
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(figs. 5–6), 874 (key).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="4DAA08812D3226017AE869E4FF13FBE5" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="050F5B0A2D3226017AE869E4FF13FBE5" blockId="1.[151,1436,981,2019]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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||
<emphasis id="37C487182D3226017AE869E4FED4FC57" bold="true" box="[151,273,981,1006]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Head slightly flattened dorsoventrally, conical in lateral view. Frons projected anteriorly. Scutum elongate and narrow, approximately twice longer than wide. Post metathoracic bridge completely sclerotized. Vein A1Cu2 long, becoming weaker towards margin. Only hind femur with spine-like anteroventral and posteroventral setae.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="4DAA08812D3226027AB66E56FC21F9D4" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="050F5B0A2D3226017AB66E56FDB4F85A" blockId="1.[151,1436,981,2019]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="37C487182D3226017AB66E56FE03FB39" bold="true" box="[201,454,1127,1152]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Redescription. Head:</emphasis>
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||
Slightly flattened dorsoventrally, conical in lateral view, anterior margin of frons about half height of occiput (Figs. 1, 5). Frons horizontally protruded, approximately one-third of total length of head (Figs. 1, 5), with central longitudinal groove (Fig. 3). Eye slightly oval, slightly wider than high in lateral view (Fig. 5). Posterior ocellus aligned with posterior margin of eye (Fig. 3). Ocellar triangle elongated, distance between posterior ocelli equal to half distance to anterior ocellus (Fig. 3). Occiput developed (Figs. 3, 5). Face flattened and prolonged, visible only in ventral view (Fig. 4). Scape reduced, not visible in dorsal (Fig. 3) and lateral views (Fig. 5). Arista with very short pubescence. Clypeus not developed (Fig. 4). Palpus rounded and reduced (
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||
<figureCitation id="9D8B478F2D3226017AE06F55FF30FAC5" box="[159,245,1380,1404]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 ‒ 32" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1716,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,224,1674]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1695]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 24 ‒ 32. Coniceps niger Loew, paralectotype female. 24. Abdomen: sternites 4 – 6 and oviscape ventral view. 25. Eversible membrane, sternite 8 and aculeus, ventral view (arrow indicates denticles in details). 26. Sternite 8 and aculeus (in detail). 27. Palpus. 28. Spermatecae. 29. Sternite 3. 30. Sternite 4. 31. Sternite 5. 32. Sternite 6. Abbreviations: acul—aculeus; ev memb—eversible membrane; ovscp—oviscape; st—sternites; tae—taenia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210954/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
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||
). Orbital seta aligned slightly anterior to anterior ocellus. Postocellar setae absent. Genal seta absent and postgenal present.
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<emphasis id="37C487182D3226017B166FB9FE0EFA19" bold="true" box="[361,459,1416,1440]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Thorax:</emphasis>
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Scutum elongate and narrow, approximately two times longer than wide (Fig. 2). Subscutellum not developed. Katatergite ciliated, without pruinosity. Prosternum bare and reduced, heart-shaped (Fig. 8). Metasternum setulose. Postcoxal metathoracic bridge completely sclerotized. Metathoracic spiracle without differentiated setae. Setae: scapular present, one postpronotal, two notopleural, one postsutural supra-alar, one postalar, one postsutural dorsocentral aligned with post-alar, one anepisternal, one weak katepisternal, no intra-alar, proepimeral very weak, one pair apical scutellar setae.
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<emphasis id="37C487182D32260179736C0DFC88F9ED" bold="true" box="[780,845,1596,1620]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Legs:</emphasis>
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Long and slender (Figs. 1, 11). Fore coxa with one long apical anterior seta (Fig. 9); fore femur with one subbasal posterior seta. Mid coxa with one median and one apical anterior seta. Fore and mid femora without spine-like ventral setae. Only hind femur with spine-like antero and posteroventral setae.
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<emphasis id="37C487182D3226017BC26C96FE3BF979" bold="true" box="[445,510,1703,1728]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig. 6): Subcostal break distinct; costal setulae slightly developed; veins bare; veins R4+5 and M parallel; crossvein r-m exactly at midlength of cell dm; vein A1+Cu2 long, becoming weaker towards margin.
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D3226017B2D6CC3FE02F8B2" bold="true" box="[338,455,1778,1803]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig. 7): Elongate, about half length of body; with long setae on tergites 1–5. Syntergite 1+2 same length and width as tergite 3. Sternite 1 absent. Sternite 2 divided into two small plates, anterior plate much broader than long and posterior plate “Y”-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9D8B478F2D32260179626D0AFCB4F8EA" box="[797,881,1851,1875]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 ‒ 23" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1854,1877]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,322,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,321,1863]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12 ‒ 23. Coniceps niger Loew, lectotype male. 12. Sternites 1 and 2. 13. Sternite 3. 14. Sternite 4. 15. Sternite 5. 16. Tergite 6 and syntergosternite 7 + 8, left lateral view. 17 ‒ 18. Epandrium, lateral and medial surstylus, and proctiger. 17. Lateral view. 18. Posterior view. 19 ‒ 20. Lateral and medial surstylus. 19. External, lateral view. 20. Internal, lateral view. 21. Hypandrium, phallopodeme and distiphallus, lateral view. 22. Ejaculatory apodeme 23. Apex of distiphallus. Scale 12 – 18: 0.2 mm; scale 19 – 23: 0.1 mm. Abbeviations: distph—distiphallus; epan—epandrium; hypd—hypandrium; l sur—lateral surstylus; m sur—medial surstylus; phapod—phallapodeme; prens—prensiseta; proct—proctiger; tg — tergite; syntgst — syntergosternite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210953/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D32260179F96D0AFB94F8EA" bold="true" box="[902,1105,1850,1875]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Male terminalia:</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral surstylus longer than medial surstylus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9D8B478F2D3226017B1C6D6EFE7CF8CE" box="[355,441,1887,1911]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 ‒ 23" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1854,1877]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,322,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,321,1863]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12 ‒ 23. Coniceps niger Loew, lectotype male. 12. Sternites 1 and 2. 13. Sternite 3. 14. Sternite 4. 15. Sternite 5. 16. Tergite 6 and syntergosternite 7 + 8, left lateral view. 17 ‒ 18. Epandrium, lateral and medial surstylus, and proctiger. 17. Lateral view. 18. Posterior view. 19 ‒ 20. Lateral and medial surstylus. 19. External, lateral view. 20. Internal, lateral view. 21. Hypandrium, phallopodeme and distiphallus, lateral view. 22. Ejaculatory apodeme 23. Apex of distiphallus. Scale 12 – 18: 0.2 mm; scale 19 – 23: 0.1 mm. Abbeviations: distph—distiphallus; epan—epandrium; hypd—hypandrium; l sur—lateral surstylus; m sur—medial surstylus; phapod—phallapodeme; prens—prensiseta; proct—proctiger; tg — tergite; syntgst — syntergosternite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210953/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
). Medial surstylus with one apical prensiseta. Distiphallus long and flexible, with two sclerotized ribbons connected by membrane (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9D8B478F2D32260178EB6DB2FD22F822" box="[660,743,1923,1947]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 ‒ 23" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1854,1877]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,322,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,321,1863]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12 ‒ 23. Coniceps niger Loew, lectotype male. 12. Sternites 1 and 2. 13. Sternite 3. 14. Sternite 4. 15. Sternite 5. 16. Tergite 6 and syntergosternite 7 + 8, left lateral view. 17 ‒ 18. Epandrium, lateral and medial surstylus, and proctiger. 17. Lateral view. 18. Posterior view. 19 ‒ 20. Lateral and medial surstylus. 19. External, lateral view. 20. Internal, lateral view. 21. Hypandrium, phallopodeme and distiphallus, lateral view. 22. Ejaculatory apodeme 23. Apex of distiphallus. Scale 12 – 18: 0.2 mm; scale 19 – 23: 0.1 mm. Abbeviations: distph—distiphallus; epan—epandrium; hypd—hypandrium; l sur—lateral surstylus; m sur—medial surstylus; phapod—phallapodeme; prens—prensiseta; proct—proctiger; tg — tergite; syntgst — syntergosternite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210953/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
); apex of one of the ribbons modified in a spinelike (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9D8B478F2D3226017F446DB2FA4BF822" box="[1339,1422,1923,1947]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 ‒ 23" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1854,1877]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,322,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,321,1863]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12 ‒ 23. Coniceps niger Loew, lectotype male. 12. Sternites 1 and 2. 13. Sternite 3. 14. Sternite 4. 15. Sternite 5. 16. Tergite 6 and syntergosternite 7 + 8, left lateral view. 17 ‒ 18. Epandrium, lateral and medial surstylus, and proctiger. 17. Lateral view. 18. Posterior view. 19 ‒ 20. Lateral and medial surstylus. 19. External, lateral view. 20. Internal, lateral view. 21. Hypandrium, phallopodeme and distiphallus, lateral view. 22. Ejaculatory apodeme 23. Apex of distiphallus. Scale 12 – 18: 0.2 mm; scale 19 – 23: 0.1 mm. Abbeviations: distph—distiphallus; epan—epandrium; hypd—hypandrium; l sur—lateral surstylus; m sur—medial surstylus; phapod—phallapodeme; prens—prensiseta; proct—proctiger; tg — tergite; syntgst — syntergosternite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210953/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ejaculatory apodeme as in figure 22.
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D322601782B6D96FCF8F806" bold="true" box="[596,829,1958,1983]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Female terminalia:</emphasis>
|
||
Eversible membrane as long as oviscape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9D8B478F2D3226017F486D96FA55F806" box="[1335,1424,1959,1983]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 ‒ 32" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1716,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,224,1674]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1695]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 24 ‒ 32. Coniceps niger Loew, paralectotype female. 24. Abdomen: sternites 4 – 6 and oviscape ventral view. 25. Eversible membrane, sternite 8 and aculeus, ventral view (arrow indicates denticles in details). 26. Sternite 8 and aculeus (in detail). 27. Palpus. 28. Spermatecae. 29. Sternite 3. 30. Sternite 4. 31. Sternite 5. 32. Sternite 6. Abbreviations: acul—aculeus; ev memb—eversible membrane; ovscp—oviscape; st—sternites; tae—taenia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210954/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
). Aculeus tip broad and triangular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9D8B478F2D322601786F6DFAFDA0F85A" box="[528,613,1995,2019]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 ‒ 32" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1716,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,224,1674]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1695]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 24 ‒ 32. Coniceps niger Loew, paralectotype female. 24. Abdomen: sternites 4 – 6 and oviscape ventral view. 25. Eversible membrane, sternite 8 and aculeus, ventral view (arrow indicates denticles in details). 26. Sternite 8 and aculeus (in detail). 27. Palpus. 28. Spermatecae. 29. Sternite 3. 30. Sternite 4. 31. Sternite 5. 32. Sternite 6. Abbreviations: acul—aculeus; ev memb—eversible membrane; ovscp—oviscape; st—sternites; tae—taenia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210954/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="050F5B0A2D3126027AE86FC9FC21F9D4" blockId="2.[151,1436,1528,1645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D3126027AE86FC9FE80F9B7" bold="true" box="[151,325,1528,1551]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">FIGURES 1‒11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D3126027B326FC8FDEFF9B7" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[333,554,1529,1551]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" genus="Coniceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D3126027B326FC8FE2DF9B6" box="[333,488,1529,1551]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Coniceps niger</emphasis>
|
||
Loew
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="DA0BE5A82D312602784A6FC9FD51F9B7" box="[565,660,1528,1550]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, male.
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D31260278A16FC8FD34F9B7" bold="true" box="[734,753,1529,1550]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">1.</emphasis>
|
||
General lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D31260279AB6FC8FC22F9B7" bold="true" box="[980,999,1529,1550]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">2.</emphasis>
|
||
General dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D3126027EB76FC8FB31F9B7" bold="true" box="[1224,1268,1529,1550]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">3‒5.</emphasis>
|
||
Head.
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D3126027F416FC8FA94F9B7" bold="true" box="[1342,1361,1529,1550]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">3.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D3126027AAA6C26FF2DF995" bold="true" box="[213,232,1559,1580]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">4.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D3126027BFE6C29FE51F994" bold="true" box="[385,404,1560,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">5.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D31260278536C26FDFBF995" bold="true" box="[556,574,1559,1580]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">6.</emphasis>
|
||
Wing (arrow indicates vein A1+Cu2 long).
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D3126027E7C6C29FBD3F994" bold="true" box="[1027,1046,1560,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">7.</emphasis>
|
||
Abdomen, dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D3126027F696C26FAECF995" bold="true" box="[1302,1321,1559,1580]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">8.</emphasis>
|
||
Prothorax, anterior view (arrow indicates prosternum).
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D312602782A6C09FDADF9F4" bold="true" box="[597,616,1592,1613]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">9.</emphasis>
|
||
Fore coxae, anterior view (arrow indicates apical seta).
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D3126027EE06C09FB7AF9F4" bold="true" box="[1183,1215,1592,1613]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">10.</emphasis>
|
||
Calypter (arrow indicates long setae around the margin).
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D31260278756C66FDEFF9D5" bold="true" box="[522,554,1623,1644]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">12.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7DA71B9A2D312602784F6C66FDA6F9D4" box="[560,611,1623,1645]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
leg (arrow indicates spine-like setae).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4DAA08812D3126037AB66CA4FB24FCB9" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="050F5B0A2D3126027AB66CA4FE89F8E0" blockId="2.[151,1437,1684,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D3126027AB66CA4FEF8F914" bold="true" box="[201,317,1685,1709]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
In the identification key by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="612126FB2D31260278046CA5FCE9F915" author="Hendel" box="[635,812,1684,1708]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" refString="Hendel, F. (1911 b) Diptera. Fam. Muscaridae, Subfam. Richardiinae. Genera Insectorum, 113, 56 pp." type="book" year="1911" yearSuffix="b">Hendel (1911b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D31260279476CA4FC65F915" box="[824,928,1685,1708]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" genus="Coniceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D31260279476CA4FC65F915" box="[824,928,1685,1708]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Coniceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was grouped with the genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D3126027F6F6CA5FA59F915" box="[1296,1436,1684,1708]" class="Insecta" family="Richardidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Epiplateinae">Epiplateinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D3126027AB96C86FD69F976" authority="Robineau-Desvoidy (Richardiinae)" authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy (Richardiinae" box="[198,684,1719,1743]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" genus="Setellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D3126027AB96C86FEDFF976" box="[198,282,1719,1743]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Setellia</emphasis>
|
||
Robineau-Desvoidy (Richardiinae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which were characterized by the hind femora lacking spines.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="612126FB2D3126027F1E6C86FED3F948" author="Steyskal" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" refString="Steyskal, G. C. (1958) Notes on the Richardiidae, with a review of the species known to occur in the United States (Diptera, Acalyptratae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 51, 302 - 310." type="journal article" year="1958">Steyskal (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also presented an identification key in which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D31260279666CEBFC44F948" box="[793,897,1754,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" genus="Coniceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D31260279666CEBFC44F948" box="[793,897,1754,1777]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Coniceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was characterized by hind femora with weak or no spines. However, in the recent key of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="612126FB2D31260278016CCDFCFFF8AD" author="Hancock" box="[638,826,1788,1812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" refString="Hancock, E. G. (2010) Family Richardiidae (Richardiid flies). In: Brown, B. V., Borkent, A., Cumming, J. M., Wood, D. M., Woodley, N. E. & Zumbado, M. A. (Eds.), Manual of Central American Diptera. Vol. 2, 65, 871 - 879." type="book chapter" year="2010">Hancock (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D31260279366CCCFC77F8AD" box="[841,946,1789,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" genus="Coniceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D31260279366CCCFC77F8AD" box="[841,946,1789,1812]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Coniceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was grouped with genera of Richardiinae which have spines on the hind femur. Likewise, all specimens observed in this study showed the hind femur with spines (Fig. 11).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="050F5B0A2D3126027AB66D54FA58F85D" blockId="2.[151,1437,1684,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D3126027AB66D54FEF4F8C5" box="[201,305,1893,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" genus="Coniceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D3126027AB66D54FEF4F8C5" box="[201,305,1893,1916]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Coniceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be easily confused with the Neotropical genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D31260279076D54FB9DF8C5" authority="Enderlein" authorityName="Enderlein" box="[888,1112,1892,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" genus="Ozaenina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D31260279076D54FC26F8C5" box="[888,995,1893,1916]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Ozaenina</emphasis>
|
||
Enderlein
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in part), due some similarities, especially the shape of the head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9D8B478F2D31260278406DB6FD02F826" box="[575,711,1927,1951]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 34" captionStartId="6.[151,264,996,1019]" captionTargetBox="[185,1417,643,956]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,628,976]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 34. Ozaenina diversa Lopes, head. 33. Lateral view. 34. Dorsal view. Scale: 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210955/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Figs. 33–34</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the strait and elongated thorax and abdomen.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D3126027F7B6DB9FAA9F826" box="[1284,1388,1928,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" genus="Coniceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D3126027F7B6DB9FAA9F826" box="[1284,1388,1928,1951]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Coniceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D3126027B786D9BFEB6F878" box="[263,371,1962,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" genus="Ozaenina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D3126027B786D9BFEB6F878" box="[263,371,1962,1985]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Ozaenina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in several characters: the orbital seta aligned anteriorly to the anterior ocellus; the prosternum bare; vein A1+CuA2 long, reaching the wing margin; and only the hind femur with spine-like setae ventrally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="050F5B0A2D3026037AE86AA9FCA6FED9" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D3026037AE86AA9FEC6FF16" box="[151,259,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" genus="Ozaenina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D3026037AE86AA9FEC6FF16" box="[151,259,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Ozaenina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the orbital seta aligned to the posterior ocelli, the prosternum setulose, A1+CuA2 short and not reaching the wing margin, and all femora with strong spine-like setae ventrally. Moreover, other two genera also have protruded frons—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D3026037B1E6AD0FDF9FF41" authority="Enderlin" authorityName="Enderlin" box="[353,572,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" genus="Oceanicia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D3026037B1E6AD0FE11FF41" box="[353,468,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Oceanicia</emphasis>
|
||
Enderlin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D30260378096AD1FCA4FF41" authority="Hendel" authorityName="Hendel" box="[630,865,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" genus="Oedematella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D30260378096AD1FCC0FF41" box="[630,773,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Oedematella</emphasis>
|
||
Hendel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the frons is less protruding, the occiput is not expanded at dorsal half and all femora have spine-like setae. However, there is a great taxonomic confusion about
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D3026037AE86B17FEC6FE84" box="[151,259,294,317]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" genus="Ozaenina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D3026037AE86B17FEC6FE84" box="[151,259,294,317]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Ozaenina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D3026037B476B17FE6EFE84" box="[312,427,294,317]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" genus="Oceanicia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D3026037B476B17FE6EFE84" box="[312,427,294,317]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Oceanicia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and probably these genera are not monofiletic. A comprehensive taxonomic review about these three genera is in progress (Wendt & Smit in preparation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="050F5B0A2D3026037AB66B5AFDDEFD89" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D3026037AB66B5AFD3CFE3A" bold="true" box="[201,761,362,387]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Remarks about abdomen and male terminalia.</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D30260379606B5BFC6BFE3B" box="[799,942,362,386]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Richardiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
the sternite 1 can be very reduced (i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D3026037F136B5BFF39FE1C" class="Insecta" family="Richardidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Epiplateinae">Epiplateinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D3026037B4B6BBCFDCEFE1C" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[308,523,397,421]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" genus="Melanoloma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D3026037B4B6BBCFE04FE1C" box="[308,449,397,421]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Melanoloma</emphasis>
|
||
Loew
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or completely absent, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D302603792C6BBFFC7EFE1C" box="[851,955,398,421]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" genus="Coniceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D302603792C6BBFFC7EFE1C" box="[851,955,398,421]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Coniceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D302603799C6BBCFB97FE1C" box="[995,1106,397,421]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" genus="Richardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D302603799C6BBCFB97FE1C" box="[995,1106,397,421]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Richardia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for example. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D3026037F6F6BBCFA59FE1C" box="[1296,1436,397,421]" class="Insecta" family="Richardidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Epiplateinae">Epiplateinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
the sternite 2 generally is wider than long with a basal unsclerotized region, forming a ring anteriorly. In almost Richardiinae, the sternite 2 is longer than wide and the basal ring is not complete, and a small plate is present. Therefore, the anterior plate present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D30260378336BC7FD71FDB4" box="[588,692,502,525]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" genus="Coniceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D30260378336BC7FD71FDB4" box="[588,692,502,525]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Coniceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is part of the sternite 2 like in the ground plan of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D3026037EA26BC4FAA9FDB4" box="[1245,1388,501,525]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Richardiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the sternite 1 is completely absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="050F5B0A2D3026037AB6680AFB24FCB9" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D3026037A96680BFEBEFDEB" box="[233,379,570,594]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Richardiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, abdominal segments 6–8 are asymmetrical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9D8B478F2D3026037903680BFC0AFDEB" box="[892,975,570,594]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 ‒ 23" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1854,1877]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,322,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,321,1863]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12 ‒ 23. Coniceps niger Loew, lectotype male. 12. Sternites 1 and 2. 13. Sternite 3. 14. Sternite 4. 15. Sternite 5. 16. Tergite 6 and syntergosternite 7 + 8, left lateral view. 17 ‒ 18. Epandrium, lateral and medial surstylus, and proctiger. 17. Lateral view. 18. Posterior view. 19 ‒ 20. Lateral and medial surstylus. 19. External, lateral view. 20. Internal, lateral view. 21. Hypandrium, phallopodeme and distiphallus, lateral view. 22. Ejaculatory apodeme 23. Apex of distiphallus. Scale 12 – 18: 0.2 mm; scale 19 – 23: 0.1 mm. Abbeviations: distph—distiphallus; epan—epandrium; hypd—hypandrium; l sur—lateral surstylus; m sur—medial surstylus; phapod—phallapodeme; prens—prensiseta; proct—proctiger; tg — tergite; syntgst — syntergosternite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210953/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
) as in the other families of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D3026037F72680BFAA1FDEB" box="[1293,1380,570,594]" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but, unlike in upper Tephritoidea (
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D3026037B9B686FFDE7FDCC" box="[484,546,606,629]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="612126FB2D3026037857686FFD13FDCC" author="Korneyev" box="[552,726,605,630]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" refString="Korneyev, V. A. (1999) Phylogenetic relationship among the families of the superfamily Tephritoidea. In: Aluja, M. & Norrbom, A. L. (Eds.), Fruit flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and evolution of behavior. [16] + 944 pp., CRC Press, Boca Raton., pp. 3 - 22." type="book chapter" year="1999">Korneyev 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D302603789A686CFCB1FDCC" box="[741,884,605,629]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Richardiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the sternite 6 very developed and always setulose (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9D8B478F2D3026037A9E68B1FEF1FD21" box="[225,308,640,664]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 ‒ 23" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1854,1877]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,322,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,321,1863]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12 ‒ 23. Coniceps niger Loew, lectotype male. 12. Sternites 1 and 2. 13. Sternite 3. 14. Sternite 4. 15. Sternite 5. 16. Tergite 6 and syntergosternite 7 + 8, left lateral view. 17 ‒ 18. Epandrium, lateral and medial surstylus, and proctiger. 17. Lateral view. 18. Posterior view. 19 ‒ 20. Lateral and medial surstylus. 19. External, lateral view. 20. Internal, lateral view. 21. Hypandrium, phallopodeme and distiphallus, lateral view. 22. Ejaculatory apodeme 23. Apex of distiphallus. Scale 12 – 18: 0.2 mm; scale 19 – 23: 0.1 mm. Abbeviations: distph—distiphallus; epan—epandrium; hypd—hypandrium; l sur—lateral surstylus; m sur—medial surstylus; phapod—phallapodeme; prens—prensiseta; proct—proctiger; tg — tergite; syntgst — syntergosternite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210953/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sternite 7 is asymmetrically developed on left side, where it is fused dorsally with stenite 8 forming the syntegosternite 7+8 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9D8B478F2D3026037BD26893FDC4FD03" box="[429,513,674,698]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 ‒ 23" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1854,1877]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,322,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,321,1863]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12 ‒ 23. Coniceps niger Loew, lectotype male. 12. Sternites 1 and 2. 13. Sternite 3. 14. Sternite 4. 15. Sternite 5. 16. Tergite 6 and syntergosternite 7 + 8, left lateral view. 17 ‒ 18. Epandrium, lateral and medial surstylus, and proctiger. 17. Lateral view. 18. Posterior view. 19 ‒ 20. Lateral and medial surstylus. 19. External, lateral view. 20. Internal, lateral view. 21. Hypandrium, phallopodeme and distiphallus, lateral view. 22. Ejaculatory apodeme 23. Apex of distiphallus. Scale 12 – 18: 0.2 mm; scale 19 – 23: 0.1 mm. Abbeviations: distph—distiphallus; epan—epandrium; hypd—hypandrium; l sur—lateral surstylus; m sur—medial surstylus; phapod—phallapodeme; prens—prensiseta; proct—proctiger; tg — tergite; syntgst — syntergosternite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210953/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tergite 7 can be present and represented by a small plate on right side present in some genera (i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D3026037B2268F4FE2EFD64" box="[349,491,709,733]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" genus="Melanoloma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D3026037B2268F4FE2EFD64" box="[349,491,709,733]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Melanoloma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but absent in the majority of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D302603793868F4FC13FD64" box="[839,982,709,733]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Richardiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
genera, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D3026037ED868F7FACAFD64" box="[1191,1295,710,733]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" genus="Coniceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D3026037ED868F7FACAFD64" box="[1191,1295,710,733]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Coniceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Abdominal spiracles 6 and 7 generally are present (except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D30260378DC68D9FCB6FCB9" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[675,883,744,768]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" genus="Hemixantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D30260378DC68D9FCE9FCB9" box="[675,812,744,768]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Hemixantha</emphasis>
|
||
Loew
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D302603790668D8FC00FCB9" box="[889,965,745,768]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">in part</emphasis>
|
||
) but not paired (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9D8B478F2D3026037EFF68D9FB16FCB9" box="[1152,1235,744,768]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 ‒ 23" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1854,1877]" captionTargetBox="[157,1425,322,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,321,1863]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12 ‒ 23. Coniceps niger Loew, lectotype male. 12. Sternites 1 and 2. 13. Sternite 3. 14. Sternite 4. 15. Sternite 5. 16. Tergite 6 and syntergosternite 7 + 8, left lateral view. 17 ‒ 18. Epandrium, lateral and medial surstylus, and proctiger. 17. Lateral view. 18. Posterior view. 19 ‒ 20. Lateral and medial surstylus. 19. External, lateral view. 20. Internal, lateral view. 21. Hypandrium, phallopodeme and distiphallus, lateral view. 22. Ejaculatory apodeme 23. Apex of distiphallus. Scale 12 – 18: 0.2 mm; scale 19 – 23: 0.1 mm. Abbeviations: distph—distiphallus; epan—epandrium; hypd—hypandrium; l sur—lateral surstylus; m sur—medial surstylus; phapod—phallapodeme; prens—prensiseta; proct—proctiger; tg — tergite; syntgst — syntergosternite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210953/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4DAA08812D3026037AB6693AFEB7FC69" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="050F5B0A2D3026037AB6693AFEB7FC69" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D3026037AB6693AFEF4FC9B" ID-CoL="3T6H" box="[201,305,779,802]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" genus="Coniceps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="37C487182D3026037AB6693AFEF4FC9B" box="[201,305,779,802]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Coniceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, like most Richardiinae, has an apical area bearing several sclerotised spine-like appendices on distiphallus. This modified arrangement of the cuticular sctructure at the apex of the distiphallus is not considered homologous with the glands found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D30260378386961FD38FCD1" ID-CoL="625PZ" box="[583,765,848,872]" class="Insecta" family="Platystomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platystomatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D30260379766961FC47FCD1" ID-CoL="FGH" box="[777,898,848,872]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgotidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pyrgotidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D30260379C56961FAC3FCD1" ID-CoL="GZN" authority="Korneyev 1999" authorityName="Korneyev" authorityYear="1999" box="[954,1286,848,872]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Tephritidae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="612126FB2D3026037E366961FB3BFCD1" author="Korneyev" box="[1097,1278,848,872]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" refString="Korneyev, V. A. (1999) Phylogenetic relationship among the families of the superfamily Tephritoidea. In: Aluja, M. & Norrbom, A. L. (Eds.), Fruit flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and evolution of behavior. [16] + 944 pp., CRC Press, Boca Raton., pp. 3 - 22." type="book chapter" year="1999">Korneyev 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In this manner, the homology and function of these structures remain unknown. Besides, the presence of denticles or modified setae on distiphallus can be characters highly subject to homoplasy, as in other families (i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B020892D3026037EDD69A4FAC9FC14" ID-CoL="HN9" box="[1186,1292,917,941]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ulidiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="612126FB2D3026037F5D69A4FEA3FC69" author="Kamaneva" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" refString="Kamaneva E. & Korneyev, V. (2005). Myennidini, a new tribe of the subfamily Otitinae (Diptera: Ulidiidae), with discussion of the suprageneric classification of the family. Biotaxonomy of Tephritoidea. Israel Journal of Entomology, 35 - 36, 497 - 586." type="book chapter" year="2005">Kamaneva & Korneyev 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |