417 lines
64 KiB
XML
417 lines
64 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-208-103" ID-Pensoft-UUID="88C0802178725C0F86DB6E2074FDD5AB" ModsDocID="1314-2003-208-103" checkinTime="1663785939964" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lobban, Christopher S., Ashworth, Matt P., Camacho, Terance, Lam, Daryl W. & Theriot, Edward C." docDate="2022" docId="68B616974DD956C59D7D9AEC4B97CB5B" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 208: 103-184" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 208" docPubDate="2022-09-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913" docTitle="Climacosphenia elegantissima Lobban & Ashworth 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="88C0802178725C0F86DB6E2074FDD5AB" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="88C0802178725C0F86DB6E2074FDD5AB" masterDocTitle="Revision of Ardissoneaceae (Bacillariophyta, Mediophyceae) from Micronesian populations, with descriptions of two new genera, Ardissoneopsis and Grunowago, and new species in Ardissonea, Synedrosphenia and Climacosphenia" masterLastPageNumber="184" masterPageNumber="103" pageNumber="103" updateTime="1663786243073" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of Ardissoneaceae (Bacillariophyta, Mediophyceae) from Micronesian populations, with descriptions of two new genera, Ardissoneopsis and Grunowago, and new species in Ardissonea, Synedrosphenia and Climacosphenia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Lobban, Christopher S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1596-0656</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Division of Natural Sciences, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, Guam, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">clobban@guam.net</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ashworth, Matt P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Camacho, Terance</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Division of Natural Sciences, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, Guam, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lam, Daryl W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>LSAMP Program, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, Guam, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Theriot, Edward C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-09-21</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>208</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>103</mods:start>
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<mods:end>184</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-208-103</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">88C0802178725C0F86DB6E2074FDD5AB</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68B616974DD956C59D7D9AEC4B97CB5B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/68B616974DD956C59D7D9AEC4B97CB5B" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName LSID="68B61697-4DD9-56C5-9D7D-9AEC4B97CB5B" authority="Lobban & Ashworth" authorityName="Lobban & Ashworth" authorityYear="2022" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia elegantissima" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegantissima" status="sp. nov.">Climacosphenia elegantissima Lobban & Ashworth</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="103">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., (GU 52 AI- 1 except B from GU 52 U- 2) A, D living cell, showing extreme length and location of nucleus (arrow) B acid-cleaned complete valvocopula, emphasizing the very long, narrow stem C portion of colony, showing cells attached to mucilage stalk; the two cells to right of middle are 1300 µm long E detail of mucilage stalk with bases of attached cells. Scale bars: 250 µm (A-C); 50 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746742" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figs 26</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">, 27</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">, 28</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="references">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">References.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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?
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<bibRefCitation author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Hidrobiologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B24" refString="Hustedt, F, 1914. Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874-1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." title="Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874 - 1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." year="1914">Hustedt 1914</bibRefCitation>
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in
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.64396" author="Schmidt, A" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B70" refString="Schmidt, A, Schmidt, M, Fricke, F, Heiden, H, Mueller, O, Hustedt, F, 1874-1959. Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.64396" title="Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.64396" year="1874 - 1959">Schmidt et al. 1874-1959</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 308, figs 5-10;?
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<bibRefCitation author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Hidrobiologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B25" refString="Hustedt, F, 1931-1959. Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. In: Rabenhorst's Kryptogamenflora, Band 7, Teil 2. Johnson Reprint, New York." title="Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. In: Rabenhorst's Kryptogamenflora, Band 7, Teil 2. Johnson Reprint, New York." year="1931 - 1959">Hustedt 1931-1959</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 626;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2009.9705787" author="Navarro, JN" journalOrPublisher="Diatom Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="123 - 157" refId="B52" refString="Navarro, JN, Lobban, CS, 2009. Freshwater and marine diatoms from the western Pacific islands of Yap and Guam, with notes on some diatoms in damselfish territories. Diatom Research 24: 123 - 157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2009.9705787" title="Freshwater and marine diatoms from the western Pacific islands of Yap and Guam, with notes on some diatoms in damselfish territories." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2009.9705787" volume="24" year="2009">Navarro and Lobban 2009</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 136, figs 64, 65 (all as
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Bailey).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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Differing from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the greater length, especially in the stem, and narrower, linear apical portion, and from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. truncata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="truncata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. truncata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Hustedt ex Simonsen in the shape of the wide part of the valve.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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Cells attached in small groups to stout, branched mucilage stalks (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., (GU 52 AI- 1 except B from GU 52 U- 2) A, D living cell, showing extreme length and location of nucleus (arrow) B acid-cleaned complete valvocopula, emphasizing the very long, narrow stem C portion of colony, showing cells attached to mucilage stalk; the two cells to right of middle are 1300 µm long E detail of mucilage stalk with bases of attached cells. Scale bars: 250 µm (A-C); 50 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746742" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">26A, E</figureCitation>
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), at least 110
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide at the base and up to 2 mm long. Frustule generally deeper than wide, especially where stem first narrows below the apical pole, ratio there about 15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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deep to 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27A</figureCitation>
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). Nucleus situated between two more-widely spaced craticular bars about 120
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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from apical pole (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., (GU 52 AI- 1 except B from GU 52 U- 2) A, D living cell, showing extreme length and location of nucleus (arrow) B acid-cleaned complete valvocopula, emphasizing the very long, narrow stem C portion of colony, showing cells attached to mucilage stalk; the two cells to right of middle are 1300 µm long E detail of mucilage stalk with bases of attached cells. Scale bars: 250 µm (A-C); 50 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746742" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">26A, D</figureCitation>
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); plastids lenticular. Valves 750-1305
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, linear toward apical pole, 22-24
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide, then tapering to a long linear stem, 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide, expanding to 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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at the pole (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., (GU 52 AI- 1 except B from GU 52 U- 2) A, D living cell, showing extreme length and location of nucleus (arrow) B acid-cleaned complete valvocopula, emphasizing the very long, narrow stem C portion of colony, showing cells attached to mucilage stalk; the two cells to right of middle are 1300 µm long E detail of mucilage stalk with bases of attached cells. Scale bars: 250 µm (A-C); 50 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746742" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">26A-C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27A</figureCitation>
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). Stria density 27-28 in 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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through most of the valve but 18-21 in 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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near basal pole, sparser and more scattered inside annulus near basal pole (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27D, E, G</figureCitation>
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). There was a crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle at apical pole (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27D, G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28A</figureCitation>
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) (noticed in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1841" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Climacosphenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" author="Round, FE" journalOrPublisher="Botanica Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="510 - 527" refId="B66" refString="Round, FE, 1982. The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr. Botanica Marina 25 (11): 510 - 527, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" title="The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" volume="25" year="1982">Round 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 15, 16, 25). Annulus apparently open at basal pole, sides
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
parallel in the wide area, 8.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
apart, in the stem 2.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
apart, expanded to 5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
at the basal pole (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27C-G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two or more stout spines on external apical pole (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28A</figureCitation>
|
||
), shallow transapical costae throughout except near basal pole (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pseudoseptum absent (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two girdle bands (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28A</figureCitation>
|
||
): valvocopula (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., (GU 52 AI- 1 except B from GU 52 U- 2) A, D living cell, showing extreme length and location of nucleus (arrow) B acid-cleaned complete valvocopula, emphasizing the very long, narrow stem C portion of colony, showing cells attached to mucilage stalk; the two cells to right of middle are 1300 µm long E detail of mucilage stalk with bases of attached cells. Scale bars: 250 µm (A-C); 50 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746742" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">26B, F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27B, C, F, I</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
) with fimbriate inner edge (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28B</figureCitation>
|
||
), stria density 19 in 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) but increasing around foot pole, where there was also a row of pores on pars interior (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Craticular bars widely spaced in wide part of the cell, with widest space corresponding to the location of the nucleus (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., (GU 52 AI- 1 except B from GU 52 U- 2) A, D living cell, showing extreme length and location of nucleus (arrow) B acid-cleaned complete valvocopula, emphasizing the very long, narrow stem C portion of colony, showing cells attached to mucilage stalk; the two cells to right of middle are 1300 µm long E detail of mucilage stalk with bases of attached cells. Scale bars: 250 µm (A-C); 50 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746742" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">26B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27B</figureCitation>
|
||
); in the stem becoming much closer together (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., (GU 52 AI- 1 except B from GU 52 U- 2) A, D living cell, showing extreme length and location of nucleus (arrow) B acid-cleaned complete valvocopula, emphasizing the very long, narrow stem C portion of colony, showing cells attached to mucilage stalk; the two cells to right of middle are 1300 µm long E detail of mucilage stalk with bases of attached cells. Scale bars: 250 µm (A-C); 50 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746742" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">26B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28C</figureCitation>
|
||
), often paired with the two bars apparently growing from opposite sides (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28C</figureCitation>
|
||
). In one specimen from culture, we observed porous bands of silica around several craticular bars near the apical pole (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Copula fimbriate, more densely striated than the valvocopula but less than the valve, 22 in 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 U- 2 (A), GU 52 X- 1 (B, C), GU 44 AI- 5 culture (D), GU 52 AI- 1 (E) A whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads) B part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow) C portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides D apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars E detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, D, E); 5 µm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">28A, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). A search of abundant girdle views in whole mounts showed no sign of a pleura.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746742" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" start="Figure 26" startId="F26">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figure 26.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lobban & Ashworth" authorityYear="2022" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia elegantissima" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Climacosphenia elegantissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., (GU52AI-1 except
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
|
||
from GU52U-2)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A, D</emphasis>
|
||
living cell, showing extreme length and location of nucleus (arrow)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
|
||
acid-cleaned complete valvocopula, emphasizing the very long, narrow stem
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C</emphasis>
|
||
portion of colony, showing cells attached to mucilage stalk; the two cells to right of middle are 1300
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">E</emphasis>
|
||
detail of mucilage stalk with bases of attached cells. Scale bars: 250
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A-C</emphasis>
|
||
); 50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">D, E</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" start="Figure 27" startId="F27">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figure 27.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lobban & Ashworth" authorityYear="2022" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia elegantissima" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Climacosphenia elegantissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., cont. GU52AI-1, except GU52U-2 (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
|
||
) and GU52X-1 (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">G, H</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A</emphasis>
|
||
whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
|
||
portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C</emphasis>
|
||
apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">D</emphasis>
|
||
SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">E</emphasis>
|
||
external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">H</emphasis>
|
||
at same scale)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">F</emphasis>
|
||
internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">G, H</emphasis>
|
||
internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">I</emphasis>
|
||
oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A</emphasis>
|
||
); 50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
|
||
); 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C-H</emphasis>
|
||
); 5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">I</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746744" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" start="Figure 28" startId="F28">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figure 28.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lobban & Ashworth" authorityYear="2022" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia elegantissima" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Climacosphenia elegantissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., cont. GU52U-2 (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A</emphasis>
|
||
), GU52X-1 (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B, C</emphasis>
|
||
), GU44AI-5 culture (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">D</emphasis>
|
||
), GU52AI-1 (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">E</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A</emphasis>
|
||
whole mount of frustule apical pole in girdle view, showing two girdle bands, patch of irregular areolae on the valve mantle (arrow), spines (arrowheads)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
|
||
part of valvocopula broken away and showing a solid circular cross-section of the craticular bar (arrowhead) and well-developed fimbriae (arrow)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C</emphasis>
|
||
portion of valvocopula from stem, showing double craticular bars, ingrowths from opposite sides
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">D</emphasis>
|
||
apical pole with valvocopula showing porous bands of silica around several craticular bars
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">E</emphasis>
|
||
detail of copula showing stria density and fimbriate margin on pars interior. Scale bars: 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A, D, E</emphasis>
|
||
); 5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B, C</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="holotype">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Holotype</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">(designated here).</emphasis>
|
||
Specimen at 16.1 mm E, 12.8 mm S of the mark on slide 1861; deposited at Academy of Natural Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, accession number ANSP GC20108. Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Climacosphenia elegantissima sp. nov., cont. GU 52 AI- 1, except GU 52 U- 2 (B) and GU 52 X- 1 (G, H) A whole mount of colony in SEM, showing contrasting width versus depth of frustule in the stem (arrows at approximately same distance from apical poles) B portion of holotype in LM; although specimen is broken in two places, the basal pole of the valvocopula is also present, total length ca. 835 µm C apical pole of valve and valvocopula in LM, showing parallel sides of annulus and some misaligned unions in the craticular bars D SEM of external valve surface at apical pole, showing annulus (double-headed arrow) continuing around apical pole, two spines, and crescent of scattered areolae at top of mantle (arrow) E external valve surface at basal pole, showing variation in areola density and alignment within the annulus, apparent discontinuity of annulus at pole, and width of basal pole relative to stem (cf. H at same scale) F internal aspect of basal pole of valve and valvocopula, showing absence of pseudoseptum (arrow) and associated structure in valvocopula G, H internal aspect of valve at apical pole, showing crescent of scattered areolae (arrow) and in the narrow stem, respectively I oblique view of basal pole with valve and valvocopula, showing increase in areola density on the valvocopula around the pole (arrow) and short row of pores on pars interior (arrowhead). Scale bars: 200 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H); 5 µm (I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746743" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">27B</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="registration">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Registration.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Phycobank http://phycobank.org/103246.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="type locality">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||
Guam: Apra Harbor, Scuba Beach,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="13.464" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="13.464">13.464°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="144.656" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="144.656">144.656°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, epiphytic on filamentous red algae in farmer fish territory, collection number GU52U-2, 10 May 2015. C.S. Lobban and M. Schefter leg.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Additional materials examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">GU44AI-5! (culture), GU44BM-7!, GU52G-B!, GU52X-1!, GU52Y-3B!, GU52AI-1!.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||
Superlative of
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">elegans</emphasis>
|
||
, with reference to the slender appearance of the extremely long cells.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="taxonomic comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Taxonomic comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||
The width of the apical pole and especially the distance between the annular lines are narrower than in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="T5" captionText="Table 5. Comparison of Climacosphenia species from literature and present observations." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/85B91B21EF651CFA3D98A95EBB43FCEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" tableUuid="85B91B21EF651CFA3D98A95EBB43FCEF">5</tableCitation>
|
||
) and the stem is also narrower, though the basal pole is inflated and slightly wider than
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Hidrobiologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B24" refString="Hustedt, F, 1914. Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874-1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." title="Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874 - 1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." year="1914">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hustedt’s">Hustedt's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1914)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
drawings of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the greatly extended stems that are present in our new species, but the apical portions of his cells are generally elliptical rather than linear. However, the valvocopula (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Hidrobiologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B24" refString="Hustedt, F, 1914. Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874-1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." title="Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874 - 1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." year="1914">Hustedt 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 308, fig. 6) is notable in having parallel sides as far as the large space (i.e., where the nucleus would have been), so it is possible they represent
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. elegantissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elegantissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hustedt ex Simonsen" authorityYear="1987" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia truncata" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="truncata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Climacosphenia truncata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Borneo is also illustrated there (pl. 308, figs 1-4); it also has a very long stem but possesses an essentially triangular blade with a bluntly rounded apical pole.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. elegantissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elegantissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is common as an epiphyte on filamentous seaweeds in Guam farmer fish territories and such habitats around the western Pacific/ IndoPacific may yield new material of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. truncata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="truncata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. truncata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1841" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Climacosphenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" author="Round, FE" journalOrPublisher="Botanica Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="510 - 527" refId="B66" refString="Round, FE, 1982. The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr. Botanica Marina 25 (11): 510 - 527, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" title="The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" volume="25" year="1982">Round (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
showed porous bands of silica on craticular bars near the basal pole of both species only found in Hawaiian material. We saw them only once on apical bars in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. elegantissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elegantissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Their distribution and function are unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |