227 lines
21 KiB
XML
227 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.199.2631" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a65a90f9-192a-41a7-9f33-10f5f2f2bab2" ID-PMC="PMC3368281" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-199-23" ID-PubMed="22711995" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-199-23" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 199" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomy and species-groups of the subgenus Crematogaster ( Orthocrema) in the Malagasy region (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" checkinTime="1451248974654" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Blaimer, Bonnie B." docDate="2012" docId="60E89435C03122ADDAE14E008BE4AA12" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 199: 23-70" docOrigin="ZooKeys 199" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.199.2631" docTitle="Crematogaster volamena Blaimer, 2012, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="FFE8E629DF34847E021D117DFFA0FFA1" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and species-groups of the subgenus Crematogaster (Orthocrema) in the Malagasy region (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1668153978640" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomy and species-groups of the subgenus Crematogaster (Orthocrema) in the Malagasy region (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Blaimer, Bonnie B.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>199</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>23</mods:start>
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<mods:end>70</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.199.2631</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.199.2631</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-199-23</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152035989" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:916726B2-C7EB-49E0-BB6A-012F0C775E13" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/60E89435C03122ADDAE14E008BE4AA12" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">
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<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:916726B2-C7EB-49E0-BB6A-012F0C775E13" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crematogaster volamena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volamena">Crematogaster volamena</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="24" pageNumber="47">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 3132
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="47" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="47">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="47">
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MADAGASCAR: Toliara:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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Ivohibe: -24.56900, 47.20400, 200m, rainforest, malaise trap, 2.-4.xii.2006, B.L.Fisher et al.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="47" type="type specimens">
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="47">Type specimens.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="47">
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holotype worker: pinned, CASENT0125748, BLF15448, malaise trap; original locality label:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="MADG’R">MADG'R</normalizedToken>
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: Toliara,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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Ivohibe, 200m, 24°
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-34.14">34.14S</geoCoordinate>
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, 47°
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="12.24">12.24E</geoCoordinate>
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, 2-4.xii.06, rainforest, Fisher et al. BLF15448; deposited at CASC.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="47">
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4 paratype workers: #1: pinned, CASENT0128455, BLF15450, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood); same locality data as holotype; deposited at SAMC. #2: pinned, CASENT0488904, BLF08006(23), beating low vegetation, rainforest; original locality label:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="MADG’R">MADG'R</normalizedToken>
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: Prov. Toamasina, Mont. Anjanaharibe, 18.0 km, 21° NNE Ambinanitelo 470m
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-15.1883335">15°11.3'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="49.615">49°36.9'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 8-12.iii.2003 Fisher et al. BLF8006; deposited at MHNG. #3: pinned, CASENT0071334, BLF12557, malaise trap; original locality label:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="MADG’R">MADG'R</normalizedToken>
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: Prov. Toamasina, P.N. Mananara-Nord,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-16.455">16°27.3'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="49.7875">49°47.25'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 225m, 14.xi.2005, malaise, rainforest, Fisher et al. BLF12557; deposited at MCZC. #4: pinned, CASENT0488765, BLF8251(4), beating low vegetation; original locality label:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="MADG’R">MADG'R</normalizedToken>
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: Prov. Toamasina, Mont. Akirindro 7.6 km 341° NNW Ambinanitelo
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-15.288333">15°17.3'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="49.548332">49°32.9'E</geoCoordinate>
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600m, 17-21.iii.2003, Fisher et al. BLF8251; deposited at UCDC.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" type="other material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="47">Other material examined</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="24" pageNumber="47">
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(CASC, MCZC). MADAGASCAR: Antsiranana: P.N. Montagne
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ambre">d'Ambre</normalizedToken>
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: -12.52830, 49.17250, 1046m (D.Lees et al.); 6.9 km NE Ambanizana: -15.56667, 50.00000, 825m (B.L.Fisher et al.); 6.3 km S Ambaniza
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<pageBreakToken pageId="25" pageNumber="48" start="start">na</pageBreakToken>
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: -15.68131, 49.9580, 25m (B.L.Fisher et al.); 5.3 km SSE Ambanizana, 425m, -15.66667, 49.96667 (B.L.Fisher et al.); Montagne
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Anjanaharibe">d'Anjanaharibe</normalizedToken>
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: -15.18833, 49.61500, 470m (B.L.Fisher et al.); P.N. Marojejy: -14.43333, 49.78333, 450m; -14.43817, 49.77400, 488m; -14.43500, 49.76000, 775m (B.L.Fisher et al.); R.N.I. Marojejy: -14.43583, 49.76056, 610m (G. Alpert); Fianarantsoa: F Ampitavananima: -23.12972, 47.71700, ca. 35m (B.L.Fisher et al.); Toamasina: R.S. Ambatovaky: -16.77468, 49.26551, 355m; -16.81745, 49.29250, 400m; -16.77550, 49.26427, 430m; -16.77274, 49.26551, 450m; -16.76912, 49.26704, 475m; -16.76330, 49.26692, 520m (B.L.Fisher et al); P.N. Mananara-Nord: -16.45500, 49.78750,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="26" pageNumber="49" start="start">225</pageBreakToken>
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m (B.L.Fisher et al.); F.C. Sandranantitra: -18.04833, 49.09167, 450m (B.L.Fisher et al.);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rés">Res</normalizedToken>
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. Betampona: -17.91801, 49.20074, 500m (B.L.Fisher et al.); Toliara: F Ivohibe: -24.56900, 47.20400, 200m (B.L.Fisher et al.).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="49" type="worker measurements">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="49">Worker measurements</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="49">(n=20). Holotype: HW 0.62; HL 0.59; EL 0.11; SL 0.50; WL 0.66; SPL 0.06; PTH 0.13; PTL 0.20; PTW 0.20; PPL 0.10; PPW 0.21; LHT 0.49; CI 1.04; OI 0.19; SI 0.85; SPI 0.09; PTHI 0.65; PTWI 0.99; PPI 2.07; LBI 1.35.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="49" type="other material">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="49">Other material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="49">HW 0.66-0.98; HL 0.62-0.95; EL 0.12-0.18; SL 0.50-0.66; WL 0.68-0.92; SPL 0.05-0.09; PTH 0.13-0.19; PTL 0.21-0.30; PTW 0.21-0.30; PPL 0.11; PPW 0.20-0.32; LHT 0.42-0.72; CI 1.03-1.13; OI 0.18-0.22; SI 0.73-0.84; SPI 0.06-0.12; PTHI 0.50-0.72; PTWI 0.82-1.08; PPI 1.43-2.13; LBI 1.25-1.71.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="49" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="49">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="49">
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Workers of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crematogaster volamena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volamena">Crematogaster volamena</taxonomicName>
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are diagnosed most easily by their indistinct occipital carinae (Figure 14), the non-protruding and small eyes and the absence of raised, sharp lateral carinae on the propodeum (Figure 15). All these characteristics are shared with the much rarer, but closely resembling
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crematogaster mpanjono" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mpanjono">Crematogaster mpanjono</taxonomicName>
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, from which it cannot be distinguished reliably based on the worker caste.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crematogaster volamena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volamena">Crematogaster volamena</taxonomicName>
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has slightly longer propodeal spines than
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crematogaster mpanjono" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mpanjono">Crematogaster mpanjono</taxonomicName>
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, and the propodeum is lacking longer erect pilosity. The two species are not known to co-occur, and therefore their distributions (compare Figures 32F and 33D) can help in distinguishing between them. Queens of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crematogaster volamena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volamena">Crematogaster volamena</taxonomicName>
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are readily separated from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crematogaster mpanjono" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mpanjono">Crematogaster mpanjono</taxonomicName>
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queens by virtue of their well pronounced occipital carinae (Figure 22) and a scuto-scutellar suture that is broadly meeting the mesoscutum (Figure 21, compare with Figure 23). From the remaining Malagasy
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Orthocrema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthocrema" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orthocrema</taxonomicName>
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queens,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crematogaster volamena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volamena">Crematogaster volamena</taxonomicName>
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queens are differentiated by the absence of propodeal spines and their large size (HW 1.72, WL 2.61).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="26" pageNumber="49">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="49">
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Figure 31.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crematogaster volamena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volamena">Crematogaster volamena</taxonomicName>
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, workers.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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smaller worker (CASENT0125748) A full face B lateral C dorsal
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
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larger worker (CASENT0122851) D full face E lateral F dorsal.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="49" type="worker description">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="49">Worker description</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="49">
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(Figures 31
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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). Very small to medium sized species (HW 0.62-0.98, WL 0.66-0.92), with characters of the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crematogaster volamena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volamena">Crematogaster volamena</taxonomicName>
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-group, in addition to the following. Clypeus with several (up to 6), irregular vertical carinae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="49">Mesonotum transversely concave between lateral carinae.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="49">Head sculpture aciculate; longer, erect pilosity absent from propodeum. Color golden yellow or (more rarely) medium brown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="49" type="queen measurements">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="49">Queen measurements</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="49">(n=1). HW 1.72, HL 1.60, EL 0.37, SL 0.90, MSNW 1.28, MSNL 1.59, WL 2.61, SPL 0.00, PTH 0.39, PTL 0.67, PTW 0.61, PPL 0.43, PPW 0.65, LHT 1.21, CI 1.08, OI 0.23, SI 0.56, MSNI 1.64, SPI 0.15, PTHI 0.59, PTWI 0.91, PPI 1.50, LBI 2.16.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="26" pageNumber="49" type="queen description">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="49">Queen description</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="49">
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(Figures 32
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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). Large (HW 1.72, WL 2.61), with characters of the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crematogaster volamena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volamena">Crematogaster volamena</taxonomicName>
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-group, in addition to the following. Antennal scapes reaching to about level of median ocelli; occipital carinae well pronounced; eyes medium-sized (OI 0.23); head wider than long (CI 1.08).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="49">Mesosoma compact (MSNI 1.64, WL 2.61); mesoscutum in dorsal view oval; scuto-scutellar suture broadly meeting mesoscutum; dorsal face of propodeum short but distinct, posterior face sloping abruptly; petiole in dorsal view oval; wings smoky.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="50">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="27" pageNumber="50" start="start">Head</pageBreakToken>
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sculpture carinulate-aciculate. Color brown with yellow markings on meso-, metasoma and legs.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="27" pageNumber="50">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="50">
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Figure 32.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crematogaster volamena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volamena">Crematogaster volamena</taxonomicName>
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, queen, male and distribution.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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queen (CASENT0161415) A full face B lateral C dorsal
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
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,G male (CASENT0162852) D full face E lateral G dorsal F distribution.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="50" type="male measurements">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="50">Male measurements</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="50">(n=1). HW 0.68, HL 0.52, EL 0.26, SL 0.11, MSNW 0.73, MSNL 0.75, WL 1.44, SPL 0.00, PTH 0.19, PTL 0.31, PTW 0.22, PPL 0.15, PPW 0.26, LHT n.a., CI 1.30, OI 0.50, SI 0.21, MSNI 1.93, SPI 0.62, PTHI 0.62, PTWI 0.71, PPI 1.71, LBI n.a.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="50" type="male description">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="50">Male description</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="50">
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(Figures 32 D,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–G">E-G</normalizedToken>
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). Small (HW 0.68, WL 1.44). Masticatory margin of mandibles with 2 teeth; eyes large (OI 0.50) and protruding, situated slightly below midline of head, and not approaching clypeal margin; antennae 11-12-segmented (separation between 3rd and 4th funicular segment is incomplete in the examined specimen), scapes very short (SI 0.21), 2nd funicular segment globular, last 2 or 3 funicular segments compressed (this may be post mortem); head strongly wider than long (CI 1.30), mostly due to lateral extent of eyes; ocellar triangle extending to posterior head margin in full face view like a crown; occipital carinae distinct.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="50">Mesosoma compact (MSNI 1.93, WL 1.44); mesoscutum in dorsal view as wide as long; scutellum with only one long and flat dorsal face, in dorsal view oval-shaped and posteriorly rounded, dorsoposterior margin not carinate; dorsal face of propodeum about as long as posterior face; propodeal spines absent; petiole in dorsal view oval, carinae or denticles absent and all margins rounded, in lateral view petiole anteriorly tapering; anteroventral subpetiolar tooth absent; postpetiole fairly globular, median impression absent; wings clear.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="50">Head sculpture rugulose, mesoscutum aciculate, scutellum longitudinally carinulate, petiole and postpetiole rugulose-shiny; face with fairly abundant longer erect pilosity; mesoscutum with dense long erect pilosity; posterior part of scutellum with sparse long pilosity; petiole and postpetiole without distinct dorsoposterior setae, but abundant erect pilosity laterally. Color dark brown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="50" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="50">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crematogaster volamena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volamena">Crematogaster volamena</taxonomicName>
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is currently known from about 10 localities along the eastern rainforest belt in Madagascar (Figure 32F). Here the species occurs in low- to mid-elevation rainforest or littoral forest.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crematogaster volamena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volamena">Crematogaster volamena</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be a generalist in terms of nesting preferences, as it has been collected both nesting arboreally in dead twigs and on the ground in rotten logs. Scant natural history information exists, but noteworthy is a size variation in workers of this species that is reminiscent of a major-minor distinction in other ant genera. The larger workers (Figures 31
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
) have a distinctly enlarged head and more powerful mandibles compared to regular workers (Figures 31
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
), and they are more rarely seen throughout collections. These individuals do not share the attributes of the intermediates described here for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crematogaster rasoherinae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rasoherinae">Crematogaster rasoherinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crematogaster madecassa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madecassa">Crematogaster madecassa</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as presence of ocelli, or a queen-like modified mesosoma.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="50" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="50">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="50">
|
||
This species is named for the golden yellow coloration that most of its workers possess, as
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“volamena”">"volamena"</normalizedToken>
|
||
means
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“gold”">"gold"</normalizedToken>
|
||
in Malagasy. This name should be treated as a noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |