516 lines
85 KiB
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516 lines
85 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6b752569-7f6e-4e32-8e0b-f7dc8b3711d4" ID-PMC="PMC7907054" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1018-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="84B0D9BEE71D5171B80C3F4CBFDC7366" ID-PubMed="33664609" ID-ZooBank="7E9360A5A359437A91C004C74B1FE9D6" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1018-1" checkinTime="1613747250157" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cumming, Royce T., Bank, Sarah, Bresseel, Joachim, Constant, Je ́ ro ̂ me, Tirant, Stephane Le, Dong, Zhiwei, Sonet, Gontran & Bradler, Sven" docDate="2021" docId="602EFA0F6D165D669074356F7C502A98" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1018: 1-179" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1018" docPubDate="2021-02-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033" docTitle="Cryptophyllium westwoodii Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler 2021, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="84B0D9BEE71D5171B80C3F4CBFDC7366" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="84B0D9BEE71D5171B80C3F4CBFDC7366" masterDocTitle="Cryptophyllium, the hidden leaf insects - descriptions of a new leaf insect genus and thirteen species from the former celebicum species group (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae)" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668149808794" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Cryptophyllium, the hidden leaf insects - descriptions of a new leaf insect genus and thirteen species from the former celebicum species group (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Cumming, Royce T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7930-1292</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Montreal Insectarium, 4581 rue Sherbrooke est, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H 1 X 2 B 2 & Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA & Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">roycecumming@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Bank, Sarah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6952-1590</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Animal Evolution and Biodiversity, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Go ̈ ttingen, Untere Karspu ̈ le 2, 37073, Go ̈ ttingen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">sarah.bank@uni-goettingen.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bresseel, Joachim</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, O. D. Taxonomy and Phylogeny and JEMU, rue Vautier 29, B- 1000, Brussels, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Constant, Je ́ ro ̂ me</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, O. D. Taxonomy and Phylogeny and JEMU, rue Vautier 29, B- 1000, Brussels, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Tirant, Stephane Le</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Montreal Insectarium, 4581 rue Sherbrooke est, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H 1 X 2 B 2</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dong, Zhiwei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sonet, Gontran</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, O. D. Taxonomy and Phylogeny and JEMU, rue Vautier 29, B- 1000, Brussels, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bradler, Sven</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9307-1032</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Animal Evolution and Biodiversity, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Go ̈ ttingen, Untere Karspu ̈ le 2, 37073, Go ̈ ttingen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2021-02-18</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1018</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1018-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7E9360A5A359437A91C004C74B1FE9D6</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177429212" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:602EFA0F6D165D669074356F7C502A98" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/602EFA0F6D165D669074356F7C502A98" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName LSID="602EFA0F-6D16-5D66-9074-356F7C502A98" authority="(Wood-Mason, 1875)" authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii" status="comb. nov.">Cryptophyllium westwoodii (Wood-Mason, 1875)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Details of the Cryptophyllium gen. nov. male vomer. All from the RBINS collection, prepared and photographed by Jerome Constant (RBINS). Views 1 ventral 2 right lateral of the ventrally oriented vomer 3 left lateral of the ventrally oriented vomer A Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov., Thailand, Na Haeo B Cryptophyllium khmer gen. et sp. nov. Cambodia, Kbal Spean C Cryptophyllium phami gen. et sp. nov., Vietnam, Cat Tien D Cryptophyllium khmer gen. et sp. nov., Cambodia, Tatai E Cryptophyllium bollensi gen. et sp. nov., Vietnam, Phuoc Binh F Cryptophyllium oyae comb. nov., Laos, Mt. Phu Phan G Cryptophyllium bankoi gen. et sp. nov., Vietnam, Ba Na-Nui Chua H Cryptophyllium icarus gen. et sp. nov., Vietnam, Bidoup-Nui Ba I Cryptophyllium rarum comb. nov., Vietnam, Cuc Phuong J Cryptophyllium limogesi gen. et sp. nov., Vietnam, Ta Dung. Scale bars, 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510469" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 5A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Details of female phylliid antennae illustrated from specimens within the RBINS collection, illustrations by Julien Caudron (RBINS). Note that the figures start with the scapus, therefore the diagnostic fourth antennomere is the third one shown; to ensure clarity A has the segment number listed to the right of the image. Note that the fourth antennomere of Phyllium (A) is longer than the fifth antennomere in comparison to the Cryptophyllium gen. nov. representatives (B-H), which have the fourth antennomere short and disk-like A Phyllium ericoriai, Philippines B Cryptophyllium bollensi gen. et sp. nov., Vietnam, Phuoc Binh C Cryptophyllium celebicum comb. nov., Indonesia, Sulawesi D Cryptophyllium khmer gen. et sp. nov., Cambodia, Siem Reap Province E Cryptophyllium nuichuaense gen. et sp. nov., Vietnam, Nui Chua F Cryptophyllium phami gen. et sp. nov., Vietnam, Cat Tien G Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov., Laos, Bokeo Province H Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov., Thailand, Chiang Mai. Drawn to relative scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510470" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 6G</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Details of female phylliid antennae illustrated from specimens within the RBINS collection, illustrations by Julien Caudron (RBINS). Note that the figures start with the scapus, therefore the diagnostic fourth antennomere is the third one shown; to ensure clarity A has the segment number listed to the right of the image. Note that the fourth antennomere of Phyllium (A) is longer than the fifth antennomere in comparison to the Cryptophyllium gen. nov. representatives (B-H), which have the fourth antennomere short and disk-like A Phyllium ericoriai, Philippines B Cryptophyllium bollensi gen. et sp. nov., Vietnam, Phuoc Binh C Cryptophyllium celebicum comb. nov., Indonesia, Sulawesi D Cryptophyllium khmer gen. et sp. nov., Cambodia, Siem Reap Province E Cryptophyllium nuichuaense gen. et sp. nov., Vietnam, Nui Chua F Cryptophyllium phami gen. et sp. nov., Vietnam, Cat Tien G Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov., Laos, Bokeo Province H Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov., Thailand, Chiang Mai. Drawn to relative scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510470" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 6H</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Known eggs for the Cryptophyllium gen. nov. set in couplets of lateral and then dorsal views. All images except for K and L were taken by Bruno Kneubu ̈ hler (Switzerland), K and L images taken by the first author, Q and R images taken by Rene ́ Limoges (IMQC) A, B Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. C, D Cryptophyllium tibetense comb. nov. E, F Cryptophyllium bollensi gen. et sp. nov. G, H Cryptophyllium oyae comb. nov. I, J Cryptophyllium icarus gen. et sp. nov. K, L Cryptophyllium liyananae gen. et sp. nov. M, N Cryptophyllium chrisangi comb. nov. O, P Cryptophyllium celebicum comb. nov. Q, R Cryptophyllium limogesi gen. et sp. nov. Scale bars 2.0 mm long." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510472" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 8A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Known eggs for the Cryptophyllium gen. nov. set in couplets of lateral and then dorsal views. All images except for K and L were taken by Bruno Kneubu ̈ hler (Switzerland), K and L images taken by the first author, Q and R images taken by Rene ́ Limoges (IMQC) A, B Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. C, D Cryptophyllium tibetense comb. nov. E, F Cryptophyllium bollensi gen. et sp. nov. G, H Cryptophyllium oyae comb. nov. I, J Cryptophyllium icarus gen. et sp. nov. K, L Cryptophyllium liyananae gen. et sp. nov. M, N Cryptophyllium chrisangi comb. nov. O, P Cryptophyllium celebicum comb. nov. Q, R Cryptophyllium limogesi gen. et sp. nov. Scale bars 2.0 mm long." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510472" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 8B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Freshly hatched nymphs known for the Cryptophyllium gen. nov., all except for C bred and photographed by Bruno Kneubu ̈ hler (Switzerland) A Cryptophyllium celebicum comb. nov. B Cryptophyllium chrisangi comb. nov. C Cryptophyllium khmer gen. et sp. nov. bred and photographed by Tim Bollens (Belgium) D Cryptophyllium tibetense comb. nov. E Cryptophyllium oyae comb. nov. F Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. G Cryptophyllium phami gen. et sp. nov. H Cryptophyllium bollensi gen. et sp. nov. I Cryptophyllium icarus gen. et sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510473" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 9F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 68" captionStartId="F68" captionText="Figure 68. Live adult Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. bred and photographed by Bruno Kneubu ̈ hler (Switzerland) from stock collected in Tha Pla Duk subdistrict, Mae Tha district, Lamphun, Thailand, collected in May / June 2014 by Suttah Ek-Amnuay (Thailand) A female habitus B male habitus C female details of the thorax, dorsal D lateral view female with tegmina lifted to show long alae E female genitalia details, ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure68" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510532" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 68</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 69" captionStartId="F69" captionText="Figure 69. Strikingly colored live adult female Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. observed in Thailand, Nan Province, Bo Kluea Tai A habitus, dorsal and B habitus, ventral, photographed by Lek Karton (Thailand) in November 2019 C habitus, dorsal, photographed by Tatsatorn Dharithai (Thailand) in October 2020." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure69" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510533" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 69</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 70" captionStartId="F70" captionText="Figure 70. Female Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. from Laos, Bokeo Province, Ban Muang Kan (RBINS), photographs by Jerome Constant (RBINS) A habitus, dorsal B habitus, ventral C details of the antennae D pro- tibial and femoral lobes, dorsal E details of the antennae, head, and thorax, dorsal F details of the antennae, head, and thorax, lateral G terminalia, dorsal H genitalia, ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure70" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510534" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 70</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 71" captionStartId="F71" captionText="Figure 71. Male Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. from Laos, Bokeo Province, Ban Muang Kan (RBINS), photographs by Jerome Constant (RBINS) A habitus, dorsal B habitus, ventral C front leg, dorsal D details of the antennae, head, and thorax, lateral E details of the antennae, head, and thorax, dorsal F terminalia, dorsal H genitalia, ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure71" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510535" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 71</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 72" captionStartId="F72" captionText="Figure 72. Neotype male Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand (Coll RC 16 - 148), photographed by RTC A habitus, dorsal B details of the base of the antennae, head, and thorax, dorsal C front leg details, dorsal D lateral view of the anterior portion of the specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510536" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 72</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neotype</emphasis>
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♂: "THAILAND: Chiang Mai Province: October 2010. Coll RC 16-148". Deposited within the Montreal Insectarium (IMQC). Molecular sample 16-148 within this study.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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(15 ♀♀, 21 ♂♂, 4 eggs): 3 ♀♀: "Thailand: Chiang Mai, July 2017." (Coll RC 18-145, 18-146, 18-147); 1 ♀: "Chiang Mai, Fang: February, 2011" (Coll RC 16-211); 1 ♀: "Thailand, Fang, II-2011" (Coll RC 16-212); 1 ♀: "Lamphun Province, Maetha: September, 2011" (Coll RC 16-080); 1 ♀: "Thailand, Lamphun Province, 2009 November" (Coll RC 16-078); 1 ♀: "Northern Thailand, Chiang Mai Province, 2010, October" (Coll RC 16-079); 1 ♀: "Laos: Luang Prabang Province, Kiew Mak Nao Village, 900m.: June, 2014" (Coll RC 16-077); 1 ♂: "Thailand: Chiangmai, Doi Pui, 25 May 1985" (Coll RC 16-082); 1 ♂: "Thailand: Lampon, Mae Tha, 09/2011" (Coll RC 16-083); 1 ♂: "Thailand: Chiangmai, Doi Pui, 19 May 1985" (Coll RC 16-214); 1 ♂: "Thailand: Chiangmai, Doi Pui, 28 May 1985" (Coll RC 16-215); 1 ♂: "Thailand: Chiangmai, Doi Pui, 24 May 1985" (Coll RC 16-216); 1 ♂: "Thailand: Chiangmai, Doi Pui, 25 May 1985" (Coll RC 16-217); 1 ♂: "Thailand: Lampang, May 2001" (Coll RC 16-218); 1 ♂: "North Laos: Kiew Mak Nao, VII.2015, 900m. S. Collard leg" (Coll RC 18-030); 2 ♂♂: "Thailand: Lampoon, Mae Tha, 09-2011" (Coll RC 16-147, 16-213); 1 ♂: "Burma: 4km E. Karathuri, Top of Hill, 350 to 400m., VI. 2011., Coll. A. Banko/ Collected by beating tree in Forest" (Coll RC 18-029); 1 ♂: "Coll. I.R.Sc.N.B., Thailande (Loei), Na Haeo (bio station), 05-12.V.2001, Light trap, Leg. J. Constant & P. Grootaert" [vomer dissected] (RBINS); 2 ♂♂: "Coll. I.R.Sc.N.B., Thailande (Loei), Na Haeo (field res stat)), 15-19.V.2003, Light trap, Leg. J. Constant, K. Smets & P. Grootaert" (RBINS); 1 ♂: "Coll. I.R.Sc.N.B., Thailande (Loei), Na Haeo, light trap, 15-19.V.2003, Light trap, Leg. J. Constant & K. Smets" (RBINS); 1 ♂: "Coll. I.R.Sc.N.B., Thailande (Loei), Na Haeo, light trap, 15-19.V.2003, Light trap, Leg. J. Constant & K. Smets, RBINS-PHYLLIUM DNA sample 0002" (RBINS); 1 ♂: "Coll. I.R.Sc.N.B., Thailande (Loei), Na Haeo, forest clearing, light trap, 16.V.2003, Light trap, Leg. J. Constant & K. Smets" (RBINS); 1 ♂: "Coll. I.R.Sc.N.B., Thailand, Loei, Na Haeo, 22.V.2000, Station 20007, Leg P. Grootaert" (RBINS); 1 ♂: "Coll. I.R.Sc.N.B., Laos, Bokeo prov., Ban Muang Kan, 1-15.vi.2012, local collectors, I.G.: 32.213, RBINS-PHYLLIUM DNA sample 0012" (RBINS); 1 ♀: "Coll. I.R.Sc.N.B., Laos, Bokeo prov., Ban Muang Kan, 1-15.vi.2012, local collectors, I.G.: 32.213, RBINS-PHYLLIUM DNA sample 0011" (RBINS); 2 ♀♀: "Coll. I.R.Sc.N.B., Laos, Bokeo prov., Ban Muang Kan, 1-15.vi.2012, local collectors, I.G.: 32.213" (RBINS); 1 ♀: "Coll. I.R.Sc.N.B., Thailand, SE Chiang Mai, Salok, Wang Chin, Near Lamphang, ex breeding A. & C. Bauduin, 2015" (RBINS); 1 ♀, 1 ♂: "Coll. I.R.Sc.N.B., Ex breeding Bruno
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kneubühler">Kneubuehler</normalizedToken>
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, 2017, Thailand, Lamphun prov., Tha Pla Duk" (RBINS); 1 ♀, 1 ♂: "Thailand, Ex Culture Kristien Rabaey (RBINS); 4 eggs: N-Thailand, Cultured F.Hennemann 1995-2001. Ex. Coll. Frank Hennemann (Germany)" (Coll RC 18-242-18-245).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material and discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Unfortunately, the male/female pair of syntypes which were originally deposited within the NZSI are considered lost (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2322.1.1" author="Hennemann, FH" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 83" refId="B33" refString="Hennemann, FH, Conle, OV, Gottardo, M, Bresseel, J, 2009. On certain species of the genus Phyllium Illiger, 1798, with proposals for an intrageneric systematization and the descriptions of five new species from the Philippines and Palawan (Phasmida: Phylliidae: Phylliinae: Phylliini). Zootaxa 2322: 1 - 83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2322.1.1" title="On certain species of the genus Phyllium Illiger, 1798, with proposals for an intrageneric systematization and the descriptions of five new species from the Philippines and Palawan (Phasmida: Phylliidae: Phylliinae: Phylliini)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2322.1.1" volume="2322" year="2009">Hennemann et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Brock, PD" journalOrPublisher="Bhd., Kuala Lumpur" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/col" refId="B7" refString="Brock, PD, Büscher, TH, Baker, E, 2020. Phasmida SF: Phasmida Species File Version 5.0/5.0. In: Roskov Y et al. (Eds) Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden. https://www.catalogueoflife.org/col" title="Phasmida SF: Phasmida Species File Version 5.0 / 5.0. In: Roskov Y et al. (Eds) Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden." url="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/col" year="2020">Brock et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Philip E. Bragg, well-known phasmid researcher from the United Kingdom, several years ago was able to obtain photographs of what was assumed to be the female syntype within the NZSI collection (the possible male type could not be located). However, the female labeled as such within the collection is the wrong size, does not have an original Wood-Mason collection label, and when compared with the illustration in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wood-Mason, J" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="215 - 220" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37192152" refId="B62" refString="Wood-Mason, J, 1875. On new or little-known species of Phasmidae, with a brief preliminary notice of the occurrence of a clasping apparatus in the males throughout the family. Journal of the Asiatic Society Bengal 44: 215 - 220, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37192152" title="On new or little-known species of Phasmidae, with a brief preliminary notice of the occurrence of a clasping apparatus in the males throughout the family." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37192152" volume="44" year="1875">Wood-Mason (1875)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
instead clearly represents a different species (a
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Phyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllium (Pulchriphyllium)" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pulchriphyllium">Phyllium (Pulchriphyllium)</taxonomicName>
|
||
female). While it is possible that the original syntypes are still in the NZSI collection, if their original data labels were accidentally removed, or moved to other specimens, then there would be no way to positively identify either the male or the female. Besides their lost status, with our understanding of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov. morphology now consolidated and extensively reviewed, we believe that
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wood-Mason, J" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="215 - 220" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37192152" refId="B62" refString="Wood-Mason, J, 1875. On new or little-known species of Phasmidae, with a brief preliminary notice of the occurrence of a clasping apparatus in the males throughout the family. Journal of the Asiatic Society Bengal 44: 215 - 220, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37192152" title="On new or little-known species of Phasmidae, with a brief preliminary notice of the occurrence of a clasping apparatus in the males throughout the family." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37192152" volume="44" year="1875">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Wood-Mason’s">Wood-Mason's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1875)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
original syntype pair actually represented two different species, one from the mainland, and a second species from the Andaman Islands. Additionally, with the identification of a cryptic, nearly morphologically indiscernible
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like species from Cambodia (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium khmer" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khmer">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium khmer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.), a clear identification of the population which corresponds to this original name is necessary. A male specimen could not be located from the exact type locality "Pahpoon (Hpapun, Papun), 150 miles north of Moulmein (Mawlamyine, formerly Moulmein) in Salween Country (Salween River, officially Thanlwin River)" therefore we instead chose a rather morphologically average male from Chiang Mai, Thailand. Although this location is across an international border, it is only 175 kilometers away, a distance which is negligible when considering the range over which we have found
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov.; we have specimens genetically confirmed as the same species across a distance of over 1,000 kilometers (from northern Laos to southern Myanmar; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Distribution map for the 24 Cryptophyllium gen. nov. species presently known (with solid lines from their name pointing to the type locality) as well as additional Cryptophyllium gen. nov. species which we could not herein describe / differentiate (indicated by dashed lines). Note that the line for Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. is pointing to the neotype locality and the type locality for Cryptophyllium athanysus comb. nov. is simply " Ceylon " therefore the line is pointing to the present-day localities we are aware of. Inset is of southern Vietnam showing the distributions of three additional species which could not fit within the main map. The colors in this map are noted to the left of the names within the phylogenetic tree in Fig. 4. Newly herein described species have names noted in bold. Note that with Cryptophyllium khmer sp. nov. not easily distinguishable from Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. from photos alone, only the locations for these two species where they were genetically sampled are solid colored, all observational images without genetic sampling have bicolored circles and could represent either of these species. Additionally, one symbol is split three ways for Cryptophyllium gen. nov. specimens from the Thai offshore islands of Ko Phangan and Ko Samui which could not be differentiated from C. chrisangi comb. nov., C. westwoodii comb. nov., and C. khmer sp. nov. from images alone. See Suppl. material 4 for a full list of the specimens / observations utilized to make the distribution map with deposition data for specimens and links to observational records>." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510466" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Additionally, this neotype location is the closest to the syntype locality for which we have seen specimens recorded, and Chiang Mai is a well-known breeding site for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov., therefore many museums and collections around the world have ample specimens of this particular population. Also, obtaining specimens from Myanmar is exceedingly difficult and no museum specimens could be located during our review. Therefore, due to the above complex taxonomic problems involved with the original name (Article 75.1,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="ICZN" journalOrPublisher="International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B35" refString="ICZN, 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition, adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition, adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences." year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we here establish a neotype male which matches the morphological description in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wood-Mason, J" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="215 - 220" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37192152" refId="B62" refString="Wood-Mason, J, 1875. On new or little-known species of Phasmidae, with a brief preliminary notice of the occurrence of a clasping apparatus in the males throughout the family. Journal of the Asiatic Society Bengal 44: 215 - 220, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37192152" title="On new or little-known species of Phasmidae, with a brief preliminary notice of the occurrence of a clasping apparatus in the males throughout the family." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37192152" volume="44" year="1875">Wood-Mason (1875)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and the illustration of the syntype presented in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wood-Mason, J" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="342 - 352" publicationUrl="https://www.https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35548430" refId="B63" refString="Wood-Mason, J, 1877. Notes on Phasmidae. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 46: 342 - 352, https://www.https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35548430" title="Notes on Phasmidae." url="https://www.https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35548430" volume="46" year="1877">Wood-Mason (1877)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Consequently, due to our above reasonings and the fact that historically a lectotype was never designated from the syntype pair, the qualifying conditions for designating a neotype are satisfied in accordance with Article 75.3 of the
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="ICZN" journalOrPublisher="International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B35" refString="ICZN, 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition, adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition, adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences." year="1999">ICZN (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The female and egg morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. were well-described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2322.1.1" author="Hennemann, FH" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 83" refId="B33" refString="Hennemann, FH, Conle, OV, Gottardo, M, Bresseel, J, 2009. On certain species of the genus Phyllium Illiger, 1798, with proposals for an intrageneric systematization and the descriptions of five new species from the Philippines and Palawan (Phasmida: Phylliidae: Phylliinae: Phylliini). Zootaxa 2322: 1 - 83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2322.1.1" title="On certain species of the genus Phyllium Illiger, 1798, with proposals for an intrageneric systematization and the descriptions of five new species from the Philippines and Palawan (Phasmida: Phylliidae: Phylliinae: Phylliini)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2322.1.1" volume="2322" year="2009">Hennemann et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and this species is common within the phasmid breeding community (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 68" captionStartId="F68" captionText="Figure 68. Live adult Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. bred and photographed by Bruno Kneubu ̈ hler (Switzerland) from stock collected in Tha Pla Duk subdistrict, Mae Tha district, Lamphun, Thailand, collected in May / June 2014 by Suttah Ek-Amnuay (Thailand) A female habitus B male habitus C female details of the thorax, dorsal D lateral view female with tegmina lifted to show long alae E female genitalia details, ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure68" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510532" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">68</figureCitation>
|
||
) and therefore we only describe the neotype male morphology herein. This species appears to be one of the most widespread and most commonly encountered
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov. species as the range from north to south is over 1,000 km and from our review of museum collections and citizen scientist records> this is by far the most commonly observed species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure68" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510532" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 68" startId="F68">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 68.</emphasis>
|
||
Live adult
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. bred and photographed by Bruno Kneubühler (Switzerland) from stock collected in Tha Pla Duk subdistrict, Mae Tha district, Lamphun, Thailand, collected in May / June 2014 by Suttah Ek-Amnuay (Thailand)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
female habitus
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
male habitus
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
female details of the thorax, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view female with tegmina lifted to show long alae
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
female genitalia details, ventral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="differentiation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Differentiation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Female
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. are morphologically inseparable from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium khmer" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khmer">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium khmer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. due to the wide range of morphological forms observed within
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. (both in shape and coloration; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 69" captionStartId="F69" captionText="Figure 69. Strikingly colored live adult female Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. observed in Thailand, Nan Province, Bo Kluea Tai A habitus, dorsal and B habitus, ventral, photographed by Lek Karton (Thailand) in November 2019 C habitus, dorsal, photographed by Tatsatorn Dharithai (Thailand) in October 2020." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure69" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510533" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">69</figureCitation>
|
||
) which do not allow a reliable morphological feature to be identified for differentiation. When only comparing females, solely through molecular comparison can these two species be differentiated with confidence (see Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Phylogenetic relationships among 35 phylliid species (67 specimens). The species of the Cryptophyllium gen. nov. are highlighted with colors and symbols corresponding to the distribution map (Fig. 2). Support values based on maximum likelihood (UFBoot, IQ-TREE) are indicated at each node." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510468" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thankfully, males of these two species can be morphologically differentiated, discussed further below. Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. is also morphologically similar to the three southern Vietnam species:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium bollensi" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bollensi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium bollensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium phami" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phami">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium phami</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium nuichuaense" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nuichuaense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium nuichuaense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. females. All of these species share similar femoral and tibial lobe shape and serration (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 70" captionStartId="F70" captionText="Figure 70. Female Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. from Laos, Bokeo Province, Ban Muang Kan (RBINS), photographs by Jerome Constant (RBINS) A habitus, dorsal B habitus, ventral C details of the antennae D pro- tibial and femoral lobes, dorsal E details of the antennae, head, and thorax, dorsal F details of the antennae, head, and thorax, lateral G terminalia, dorsal H genitalia, ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure70" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510534" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">70D</figureCitation>
|
||
), narrow anterior margin of the mesopleura and serration (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 70" captionStartId="F70" captionText="Figure 70. Female Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. from Laos, Bokeo Province, Ban Muang Kan (RBINS), photographs by Jerome Constant (RBINS) A habitus, dorsal B habitus, ventral C details of the antennae D pro- tibial and femoral lobes, dorsal E details of the antennae, head, and thorax, dorsal F details of the antennae, head, and thorax, lateral G terminalia, dorsal H genitalia, ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure70" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510534" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">70E</figureCitation>
|
||
), and an abdominal shape which is boxy with a rounded lobe VII (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 70" captionStartId="F70" captionText="Figure 70. Female Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. from Laos, Bokeo Province, Ban Muang Kan (RBINS), photographs by Jerome Constant (RBINS) A habitus, dorsal B habitus, ventral C details of the antennae D pro- tibial and femoral lobes, dorsal E details of the antennae, head, and thorax, dorsal F details of the antennae, head, and thorax, lateral G terminalia, dorsal H genitalia, ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure70" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510534" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">70A</figureCitation>
|
||
). From all of these southern Vietnam species however
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. can be differentiated by the length of the alae which are long, reaching onto abdominal segment VI (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 68" captionStartId="F68" captionText="Figure 68. Live adult Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. bred and photographed by Bruno Kneubu ̈ hler (Switzerland) from stock collected in Tha Pla Duk subdistrict, Mae Tha district, Lamphun, Thailand, collected in May / June 2014 by Suttah Ek-Amnuay (Thailand) A female habitus B male habitus C female details of the thorax, dorsal D lateral view female with tegmina lifted to show long alae E female genitalia details, ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure68" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510532" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">68D</figureCitation>
|
||
), vs. all these others which have shorter alae, reaching segments II or III only.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure69" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510533" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 69" startId="F69">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 69.</emphasis>
|
||
Strikingly colored live adult female
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. observed in Thailand, Nan Province, Bo Kluea Tai
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
habitus, dorsal and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
habitus, ventral, photographed by Lek Karton (Thailand) in November 2019
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
habitus, dorsal, photographed by Tatsatorn Dharithai (Thailand) in October 2020.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure70" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510534" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 70" startId="F70">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 70.</emphasis>
|
||
Female
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. from Laos, Bokeo Province, Ban Muang Kan (RBINS), photographs by
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jérôme">Jerome</normalizedToken>
|
||
Constant (RBINS)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
habitus, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
habitus, ventral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
details of the antennae
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
pro- tibial and femoral lobes, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
details of the antennae, head, and thorax, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
details of the antennae, head, and thorax, lateral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||
terminalia, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||
genitalia, ventral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. are morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium athanysus" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="athanysus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium athanysus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Seow-Choen" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium chrisangi" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrisangi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium chrisangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. due to their similar femoral lobe shape and serration, their shorter tegmina length (only reaching abdominal segment IV), and their general abdominal shape (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 71" captionStartId="F71" captionText="Figure 71. Male Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. from Laos, Bokeo Province, Ban Muang Kan (RBINS), photographs by Jerome Constant (RBINS) A habitus, dorsal B habitus, ventral C front leg, dorsal D details of the antennae, head, and thorax, lateral E details of the antennae, head, and thorax, dorsal F terminalia, dorsal H genitalia, ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure71" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510535" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">71A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium athanysus" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="athanysus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium athanysus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. can immediately be differentiated by the presence of fully spanning metatibial exterior lobes, as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. lacks exterior lobes on all tibiae.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Seow-Choen" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium chrisangi" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrisangi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium chrisangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. are very similar in morphology, and the only consistent feature we have seen between these to differentiate them is the size, with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Seow-Choen" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium chrisangi" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrisangi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium chrisangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. slightly larger (73-74 mm long;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Seow-Choen, F" journalOrPublisher="Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B53" refString="Seow-Choen, F, 2017. A Taxonomic Guide to the Stick Insects of Singapore. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu" title="A Taxonomic Guide to the Stick Insects of Singapore." year="2017">Seow-Choen 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. smaller (63-69 mm long;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2322.1.1" author="Hennemann, FH" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 83" refId="B33" refString="Hennemann, FH, Conle, OV, Gottardo, M, Bresseel, J, 2009. On certain species of the genus Phyllium Illiger, 1798, with proposals for an intrageneric systematization and the descriptions of five new species from the Philippines and Palawan (Phasmida: Phylliidae: Phylliinae: Phylliini). Zootaxa 2322: 1 - 83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2322.1.1" title="On certain species of the genus Phyllium Illiger, 1798, with proposals for an intrageneric systematization and the descriptions of five new species from the Philippines and Palawan (Phasmida: Phylliidae: Phylliinae: Phylliini)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2322.1.1" volume="2322" year="2009">Hennemann et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Despite female
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. being inseparable morphologically from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium khmer" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khmer">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium khmer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., the males do consistently differ in the width of their abdomen, with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. having an abdominal shape that is thinly elliptical, with a maximum width only 30-34% of the abdominal length (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 71" captionStartId="F71" captionText="Figure 71. Male Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. from Laos, Bokeo Province, Ban Muang Kan (RBINS), photographs by Jerome Constant (RBINS) A habitus, dorsal B habitus, ventral C front leg, dorsal D details of the antennae, head, and thorax, lateral E details of the antennae, head, and thorax, dorsal F terminalia, dorsal H genitalia, ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure71" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510535" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">71A</figureCitation>
|
||
), vs.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium khmer" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khmer">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium khmer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. which has an abdominal shape broadly elliptical or broadly spade-shaped with a maximum width ca. 38-45% of the abdominal length (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="F40" captionText="Figure 40. Cryptophyllium khmer gen. et sp. nov. holotype male, from Tatai, Cambodia, photographs by Jerome Constant (RBINS) A habitus, dorsal B habitus, ventral C pro- tibial and femoral lobes, dorsal D details of the antennae, head, and thorax, lateral E details of the antennae, head, and thorax, dorsal F terminalia, dorsal G genitalia, ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510504" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">40A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure71" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510535" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 71" startId="F71">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 71.</emphasis>
|
||
Male
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. from Laos, Bokeo Province, Ban Muang Kan (RBINS), photographs by
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jérôme">Jerome</normalizedToken>
|
||
Constant (RBINS)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
habitus, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
habitus, ventral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
front leg, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
details of the antennae, head, and thorax, lateral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
details of the antennae, head, and thorax, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
terminalia, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||
genitalia, ventral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. has only been confirmed through genetic analysis from northern Thailand, northern Laos, and southern Myanmar. With the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium khmer" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khmer">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium khmer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. which morphologically cannot be differentiated from photographs of nymphs or females, we are unsure where these two species biogeographically are separated, but at this time we only know of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium khmer" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khmer">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium khmer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. from Cambodia and are unsure if
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. also occurs in this country. Until additional
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. samples from throughout the range are also sequenced, the true distribution must remain somewhat vague at this point (as indicated by the bi-colored symbols in our distribution map; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Distribution map for the 24 Cryptophyllium gen. nov. species presently known (with solid lines from their name pointing to the type locality) as well as additional Cryptophyllium gen. nov. species which we could not herein describe / differentiate (indicated by dashed lines). Note that the line for Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. is pointing to the neotype locality and the type locality for Cryptophyllium athanysus comb. nov. is simply " Ceylon " therefore the line is pointing to the present-day localities we are aware of. Inset is of southern Vietnam showing the distributions of three additional species which could not fit within the main map. The colors in this map are noted to the left of the names within the phylogenetic tree in Fig. 4. Newly herein described species have names noted in bold. Note that with Cryptophyllium khmer sp. nov. not easily distinguishable from Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. from photos alone, only the locations for these two species where they were genetically sampled are solid colored, all observational images without genetic sampling have bicolored circles and could represent either of these species. Additionally, one symbol is split three ways for Cryptophyllium gen. nov. specimens from the Thai offshore islands of Ko Phangan and Ko Samui which could not be differentiated from C. chrisangi comb. nov., C. westwoodii comb. nov., and C. khmer sp. nov. from images alone. See Suppl. material 4 for a full list of the specimens / observations utilized to make the distribution map with deposition data for specimens and links to observational records>." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510466" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="neotype male">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neotype male.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coloration.</emphasis>
|
||
Coloration description is based upon the dried neotype specimen (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 72" captionStartId="F72" captionText="Figure 72. Neotype male Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand (Coll RC 16 - 148), photographed by RTC A habitus, dorsal B details of the base of the antennae, head, and thorax, dorsal C front leg details, dorsal D lateral view of the anterior portion of the specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510536" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">72A</figureCitation>
|
||
), living individuals are more vibrant. Overall coloration pale green with variable patches of straw yellow throughout due to the drying process (primarily around the center of the body and the antennae). Compound eyes burnt red in color and basitarsi are orange.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510536" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 72" startId="F72">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 72.</emphasis>
|
||
Neotype male
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand (Coll RC 16-148), photographed by RTC
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
habitus, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
details of the base of the antennae, head, and thorax, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
front leg details, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view of the anterior portion of the specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Morphology.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
Head capsule about as long as wide, with a vertex that is smooth except for the posteromedial tubercle which is not broad but is distinctly raised from the head capsule (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 72" captionStartId="F72" captionText="Figure 72. Neotype male Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand (Coll RC 16 - 148), photographed by RTC A habitus, dorsal B details of the base of the antennae, head, and thorax, dorsal C front leg details, dorsal D lateral view of the anterior portion of the specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510536" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">72B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Frontal convexity stout with a narrow point and marked with sparse thin setae. Compound eyes large and bulbous, taking up ca. ⅖ of the head capsule lateral margins (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 72" captionStartId="F72" captionText="Figure 72. Neotype male Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand (Coll RC 16 - 148), photographed by RTC A habitus, dorsal B details of the base of the antennae, head, and thorax, dorsal C front leg details, dorsal D lateral view of the anterior portion of the specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510536" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">72B</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are three moderately developed ocelli located between and slightly posterior to the compound eyes. Antennal fields as wide and as long as the scapus.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Antennae.</emphasis>
|
||
Antennae (including the scapus and pedicellus) consists of 27 segments, all segments except the scapus and pedicellus and terminal three segments are covered in dense pale setae that are as long as or longer than the antennae segment is wide. The terminal four segments are covered in dense, dark, short setae and the scapus and pedicellus are nearly completely bare.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Pronotum with anterior margin slightly concave and lateral margins that are nearly straight and converging to a straight posterior margin that is
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
the width of the anterior rim (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 72" captionStartId="F72" captionText="Figure 72. Neotype male Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand (Coll RC 16 - 148), photographed by RTC A habitus, dorsal B details of the base of the antennae, head, and thorax, dorsal C front leg details, dorsal D lateral view of the anterior portion of the specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510536" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">72B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anterior and lateral margins have moderate rims, and the posterior margin lacks a rim (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 72" captionStartId="F72" captionText="Figure 72. Neotype male Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand (Coll RC 16 - 148), photographed by RTC A habitus, dorsal B details of the base of the antennae, head, and thorax, dorsal C front leg details, dorsal D lateral view of the anterior portion of the specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510536" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">72B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Face of the pronotum is marked by a distinct furrow in the center, short furrows lateral to this central sagittal furrow, and a smooth but slightly lumpy surface (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 72" captionStartId="F72" captionText="Figure 72. Neotype male Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand (Coll RC 16 - 148), photographed by RTC A habitus, dorsal B details of the base of the antennae, head, and thorax, dorsal C front leg details, dorsal D lateral view of the anterior portion of the specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510536" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">72B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prosternum is moderately granular throughout with small nodes of even size. Mesosternum surface marked with slightly more prominent nodes on the anterior half and the posterior half has similar small nodes as those on the prosternum. Metasternum with a slightly wrinkled surface and small sparse nodes. Prescutum slightly longer than wide, with lateral margins slightly converging to the posterior (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 72" captionStartId="F72" captionText="Figure 72. Neotype male Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand (Coll RC 16 - 148), photographed by RTC A habitus, dorsal B details of the base of the antennae, head, and thorax, dorsal C front leg details, dorsal D lateral view of the anterior portion of the specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510536" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">72B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateral rims with eight or nine nodes giving the surface a rough textured appearance, not very large or prominent (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 72" captionStartId="F72" captionText="Figure 72. Neotype male Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand (Coll RC 16 - 148), photographed by RTC A habitus, dorsal B details of the base of the antennae, head, and thorax, dorsal C front leg details, dorsal D lateral view of the anterior portion of the specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510536" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">72B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prescutum surface rather smooth except for along the sagittal plane which has seven or eight small nodes of about even size (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 72" captionStartId="F72" captionText="Figure 72. Neotype male Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand (Coll RC 16 - 148), photographed by RTC A habitus, dorsal B details of the base of the antennae, head, and thorax, dorsal C front leg details, dorsal D lateral view of the anterior portion of the specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510536" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">72B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prescutum anterior margin prominent but not strongly raised above the surface, margin slightly granular and lacking a prominent central tubercle (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 72" captionStartId="F72" captionText="Figure 72. Neotype male Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand (Coll RC 16 - 148), photographed by RTC A habitus, dorsal B details of the base of the antennae, head, and thorax, dorsal C front leg details, dorsal D lateral view of the anterior portion of the specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510536" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">72D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesopleura rather narrow, gently diverging throughout the length, lateral margin with only slight granulation throughout, no prominent tubercles, at most three or four nodes and slight interspersed granulation throughout (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 72" captionStartId="F72" captionText="Figure 72. Neotype male Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand (Coll RC 16 - 148), photographed by RTC A habitus, dorsal B details of the base of the antennae, head, and thorax, dorsal C front leg details, dorsal D lateral view of the anterior portion of the specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510536" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">72B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Face of the mesopleura slightly wrinkled and with two distinct divots, one on the anterior ⅓ and one near the middle.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
. Tegmina of moderate length, extending
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
through abdominal segment III. Tegmina wing venation: the subcosta (Sc) is the first vein, is simple, and terminates slightly <
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
through the overall tegmina length. The radius (R) spans the entire length of the tegmina with the first radius (R1) branching ca. ⅖ of the way through the wing length and terminating ca. ⅗ of the way through the wing length, followed by the branching and termination of the second radius (R2) near the distal ⅓ of the wing, and then the radial sector runs to the wing apex. The media (M) also spans the entire length of the tegmina with the first media posterior (MP1) branching off ca. ⅖ of the way through the wing length, and then the second media posterior (MP2) branching near the midline, and the media anterior (MA) runs to the wing apex. The cubitus (Cu) runs along the edge of the wing as the two media posterior veins fuse with it and as the cubitus reaches the apex it fades. The first anal (1A) vein terminates upon reaching the cubitus slightly <⅓ of the way through the wing length. Alae well-developed in an oval fan configuration, long, reaching onto abdominal segments IX. Alae wing venation: the costa (C) is present along the entire foremargin giving stability to the wing. The subcosta (Sc) is long, spanning ca. ⅔ of the wing length and is mostly fused with the radius in the beginning but terminates when it meets the costa. The radius (R) spans the entire wing and branches ca. ⅖ of the way through into the first radius (R1) and radial sector (Rs) which run gently diverging for most of their length and then converge at the apex of the wing where they terminate near each other but not touching. The media (M) branches early, ca. ⅙ of the way through the wing into the media anterior (MA) and the media posterior (MP) which run parallel with each other throughout the wing until the distal ⅙ of the wing where the media posterior fuses with the media anterior which then run fused together to the wing apex where they terminate near the radial sector. The cubitus (Cu) runs unbranched and terminates at the wing apex. Of the anterior anal veins, the first anterior anal (1AA) fuses with the cubitus near the point where the media branches into the media anterior and media posterior and then the first anterior anal branches from the cubitus ⅔ of the way through the wing length where it uniformly diverges from the cubitus until it terminates at the wing margin. The anterior anal veins two-seven (2AA-7AA) have a common origin and run unbranched in a folding fan pattern of relatively uniform spacing to the wing margin. The posterior anal veins (1PA-6PA) share a common origin separate from the anterior anal veins and run unbranched to the wing margin with slightly thinner spacing than the anterior anal veins.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Abdominal segment II slightly converging, III through the anterior half of segment IV diverging to the widest portion. The posterior of IV and the anterior half of V parallel, the remainder of segments V-X gently converging to the rounded apex.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Genitalia.</emphasis>
|
||
Poculum broad and ends in a straight margined apex that slightly passes the anterior margin of segment X. Cerci long and slender, with slightly>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
their length extending from under the anal abdominal segment, relatively flat, covered in a granulose surface and numerous short setae. Vomer broad and stout with straight sides evenly converging, and a thick single apical hook which hooks upwards into the paraproct and a notable smaller hook near the base of the primary hook, situated to the left of the primary hook when viewed ventrally.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Legs.</emphasis>
|
||
Profemoral exterior lobe slightly wider than the interior lobe (ca.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="2½×">21/2x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide as the greatest width of the profemoral shaft), smoothly arcing end to end without a distinct bend and marked with a slightly granular margin and four small teeth on the distal half (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 72" captionStartId="F72" captionText="Figure 72. Neotype male Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand (Coll RC 16 - 148), photographed by RTC A habitus, dorsal B details of the base of the antennae, head, and thorax, dorsal C front leg details, dorsal D lateral view of the anterior portion of the specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510536" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">72C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Profemoral interior lobe roundly triangular and marked with five teeth arranged in a two-one-two pattern with shallow looping gaps between them (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 72" captionStartId="F72" captionText="Figure 72. Neotype male Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand (Coll RC 16 - 148), photographed by RTC A habitus, dorsal B details of the base of the antennae, head, and thorax, dorsal C front leg details, dorsal D lateral view of the anterior portion of the specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510536" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">72C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesofemoral exterior lobe arcs end to end but is significantly weighted more so on the distal half which is marked with three serrate teeth and the proximal half that is rather thin, lacking dentation. Mesofemoral interior lobe is slightly thinner than the exterior lobe, is broader on the distal end and is marked with six or seven small serrate teeth on the distal end. Metafemoral exterior lobe lacks dentation and has a straight margin along the metafemoral shaft. Metafemoral interior lobe smoothly arcs end to end with nine small serrate teeth on the distal half which is wider than the proximal half (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 72" captionStartId="F72" captionText="Figure 72. Neotype male Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand (Coll RC 16 - 148), photographed by RTC A habitus, dorsal B details of the base of the antennae, head, and thorax, dorsal C front leg details, dorsal D lateral view of the anterior portion of the specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510536" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">72D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Protibiae lacking exterior lobe, interior lobe reaching end to end in a rounded triangle with the widest portion on the distal half ca. 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
the width of the protibial shaft (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 72" captionStartId="F72" captionText="Figure 72. Neotype male Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand (Coll RC 16 - 148), photographed by RTC A habitus, dorsal B details of the base of the antennae, head, and thorax, dorsal C front leg details, dorsal D lateral view of the anterior portion of the specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510536" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">72C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Meso- and metatibiae simple, lacking lobes completely.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Measurements of neotype male [mm].</emphasis>
|
||
Length of body (including cerci and head, excluding antennae) 70.5, length/width of head 3.9/3.8, antennae 47.8, pronotum 3.3, mesonotum 4.1, length of tegmina 20.5, length of alae 51.8, greatest width of abdomen 14.7, profemora 15.0, mesofemora 12.7, metafemora 15.4, protibiae 11.1, mesotibiae 18.5, metatibiae 11.5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |