243 lines
25 KiB
XML
243 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1311" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dd79f0ad-b6c3-4508-b729-703f7f09dac6" ID-PMC="PMC3260748" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-130-41" ID-PubMed="22259265" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-130-41" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 130" ModsDocTitle="New Middle Permian palaeopteran insects from Lodève Basin in southern France (Ephemeroptera, Diaphanopterodea, Megasecoptera)" checkinTime="1451249897177" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Prokop, Jakub & Nel, Andre" docDate="2011" docId="4447BC8A088332EED0540ADFE9B1BD32" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 130: 41-55" docOrigin="ZooKeys 130" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1311" docTitle="Alexrasnitsynia permiana Prokop & Nel, 2011, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="C647FFB9482FFFB2FFC6F623763DF04A" masterDocTitle="New Middle Permian palaeopteran insects from Lodeve Basin in southern France (Ephemeroptera, Diaphanopterodea, Megasecoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="55" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1668152278449" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New Middle Permian palaeopteran insects from Lodeve Basin in southern France (Ephemeroptera, Diaphanopterodea, Megasecoptera)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Prokop, Jakub</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nel, Andre</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>130</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>41</mods:start>
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<mods:end>55</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1311</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1311</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-130-41</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152030981" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C0239FF9-E345-4B7A-8146-33A90B85659B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4447BC8A088332EED0540ADFE9B1BD32" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C0239FF9-E345-4B7A-8146-33A90B85659B" class="Insecta" family="Alexrasnitsyniidae" genus="Alexrasnitsynia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alexrasnitsynia permiana" order="Diaphanopterodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="permiana">Alexrasnitsynia permiana</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="42">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="material">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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Holotype LdLAP 318A (Lapeyrie collection, prints of two identical wings), stored at the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Musée">Musee</normalizedToken>
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of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lodève">Lodeve</normalizedToken>
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, France.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="type strata and locality">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Type strata and locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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Middle Permian, Guadalupian,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mérifons">Merifons</normalizedToken>
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Member, Salagou Formation,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lodève">Lodeve</normalizedToken>
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, Languedoc, France (
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<bibRefCitation author="Garric, J" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle d'Autun" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" pagination="7 - 48" title="Les rigoles fossiliferes du Saxonien du bassin de Lodeve (Languedoc, France)." volume="174" year="2000">Garric 2000</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Bethoux, O" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" pagination="293 - 302" title="Discovery of the genus Iasvia Zalessky, 1934 in the Upper Permian of France (Lodeve basin) (Orthoptera: Ensifera: Oedischiidae)." volume="35" year="2002">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Béthoux">Bethoux</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2002
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="42">That of the family.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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Wing 11.8 mm long, 3.9 mm wide; ScP simple, ending in costal margin near mid part of wing, a narrow area between it and C without visible crossveins; area between C and RA relatively broad, 0.6 mm wide, with a row of simple oblique crossveins; RA simple ending on anterior wing margin 0.4 mm from wing apex; RP separating from RA 2.6 mm from wing base; RP with six-seven branches and covering a broad area with series of crossveins; CuA, MP, and MA diverging at the same point, 1.3 mm from wing base; MA very closely parallel to radial stem and reaching RP, fused with it for 0.6 mm, and separating again distally, MA simple, slightly curved; MP simple; CuA with three short distal branches; a series of crossvein
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="43" start="start">s</pageBreakToken>
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between MP and CuA; a broad area between CuA and CuP with crossveins; one anal vein preserved at least.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Alexrasnitsyniidae" genus="Alexrasnitsynia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alexrasnitsynia permiana" order="Diaphanopterodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="permiana">Alexrasnitsynia permiana</taxonomicName>
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gen. et sp. n. (Diaphanopterodea:
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<taxonomicName family="Alexrasnitsyniidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" rank="family">Alexrasnitsyniidae</taxonomicName>
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fam. n.), holotype LdLAP 318A: A photograph of wings, B drawing of wings (Scale bar represents 3 mm).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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As the two wings show the same convexity of the veins and are very close, they are likely to be a fore- and a hindwing of the same specimen, but it is impossible to determine which one is the forewing.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Alexrasnitsyniidae" genus="Alexrasnitsynia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alexrasnitsynia" order="Diaphanopterodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Alexrasnitsynia</taxonomicName>
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has a pattern of wing venation characteristic of many Diaphanopterodea (
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<taxonomicName family="Martynoviidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" rank="family">Martynoviidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Biarmohymenidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" rank="family">Biarmohymenidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Asthenohymenidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" rank="family">Asthenohymenidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Rhaphidiopsidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" rank="family">Rhaphidiopsidae</taxonomicName>
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, etc.), i.e. crossveins distinct, archedictyon absent, stems of M and R very close; CuA, MP and MA diverging at the same point; MA very closely parallel with radial stem and distally fused for a short distance with RP.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Alexrasnitsyniidae" genus="Alexrasnitsynia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alexrasnitsynia" order="Diaphanopterodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Alexrasnitsynia</taxonomicName>
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differs from all the known representatives of this order, except
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Parelmoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parelmoa" order="Megasecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parelmoa</taxonomicName>
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Carpenter, 1947 and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Parelmoidae" genus="Permuralia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Permuralia" order="Diaphanopterodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Permuralia</taxonomicName>
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Sinichenkova &
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kukalová-Peck">Kukalova-Peck</normalizedToken>
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, 1997 in the very broad area between RA and anterior wing margin with several long simple oblique crossveins. It differs from these two last genera in vein MA strongly approximating radial stem, a very broad area between CuA and CuP, and CuA with weak secondary posterior branches (
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<bibRefCitation author="Carpenter, FM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" pagination="25 - 54" title="Lower Permian insects from Oklahoma. Part 1. Introduction and the orders Megasecoptera, Protodonata, and Odonata." url="doi: 10.2307/20023497" volume="76" year="1947">Carpenter 1947</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Carpenter, FM" editor="Moore, RC" journalOrPublisher="The Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas, Boulder, Colorado" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" title="Superclass Hexapoda" volumeTitle="Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology" year="1992">1992</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Kukalova-Peck, J" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" pagination="229 - 235" title="The wing venation and systematics of Lower Permian Diaphanopterodea from the Ural Mountains, Russia (Insecta: Palaeoptera)." volume="70" year="1992">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kukalová-Peck">Kukalova-Peck</normalizedToken>
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and Sinichenkova 1992
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</bibRefCitation>
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; Sinichenkova and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kukalová-Peck">Kukalova-Peck</normalizedToken>
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1997).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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Note that the Upper Carboniferous monotypic family
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<taxonomicName family="Velisopteridae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" rank="family">Velisopteridae</taxonomicName>
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Pinto & Adami-Rodrigues, 1997 is based on a fossil that seems to have none of the diaphanopterid characters listed above (
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<bibRefCitation author="Pinto, ID" journalOrPublisher="Pesquisas Porto Alegre" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" pagination="47 - 52" title="Velisoptera taschi nov. gen., nov. sp. a Carboniferous insect from Bajo de Velis, Argentina." volume="24" year="1997">Pinto and Adami-Rodrigues 1997</bibRefCitation>
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). Its attribution to this order should be verified. The Permian genus and species
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<taxonomicName genus="Walasua" lsidName="Walasua maculata" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="maculata">Walasua maculata</taxonomicName>
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Tan, 1980 is based on a very fragmentary wing. It has some similarities with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Alexrasnitsyniidae" genus="Alexrasnitsynia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alexrasnitsynia" order="Diaphanopterodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Alexrasnitsynia</taxonomicName>
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in the posterior branches of RP regularly organised, partial fusion of MA with RP, MA closely parallel to R, but structures like area between RA and costal margin, CuA, or CuP are not preserved in
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<taxonomicName genus="Walasua" lsidName="Walasua" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" rank="genus">Walasua</taxonomicName>
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, rendering difficult the comparison with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Alexrasnitsyniidae" genus="Alexrasnitsynia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alexrasnitsynia" order="Diaphanopterodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Alexrasnitsynia</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Tan, JI" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" pagination="159 - 165" title="On the Permian Diaphanopterodea and Homoptera of Inner Mongolia, China." volume="5" year="1980">Tan 1980</bibRefCitation>
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). Nevertheless, the area between RA and RP is broad and with numerous crossveins in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Alexrasnitsyniidae" genus="Alexrasnitsynia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alexrasnitsynia" order="Diaphanopterodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Alexrasnitsynia</taxonomicName>
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, unlike the situation in
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<taxonomicName genus="Walasua" lsidName="Walasua" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" rank="genus">Walasua</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Alexrasnitsyniidae" genus="Alexrasnitsynia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alexrasnitsynia" order="Diaphanopterodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Alexrasnitsynia</taxonomicName>
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bears similar pattern of wing venation to monotypic
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sypharoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sypharoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Sypharoptera</taxonomicName>
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Handlirsch, 1911, based on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sypharoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sypharoptera pneuma" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pneuma">Sypharoptera pneuma</taxonomicName>
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known from the Upper Carboniferous of Mazon Creek (USA).
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<bibRefCitation author="Handlirsch, A" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Science" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" pagination="297 - 377" title="New Paleozoic insects from the vicinity of Mazon creek, Illinois" volume="4" year="1911">Handlirsch (1911)</bibRefCitation>
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established a separate order
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sypharopteroidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sypharopteroidea" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Sypharopteroidea</taxonomicName>
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for it, which he thought represented an offshoot of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Palaeodictyoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Palaeodictyoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Palaeodictyoptera</taxonomicName>
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, with possible relationship to
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Megasecoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Megasecoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Megasecoptera</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Martynov, A" journalOrPublisher="[Etudes sur l'histoire geologique et de phylogenie des ordres des insectes (Pterygota). Premiere partie. Palaeoptera et Neoptera - Polyneoptera.] Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii nauk SSSR" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 149" volume="7" year="1938">Martynov (1938)</bibRefCitation>
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considered this group an offshoot from
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<taxonomicName family="Spilapteridae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" rank="family">Spilapteridae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Palaeodictyoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Palaeodictyoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Palaeodictyoptera</taxonomicName>
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) or their ancestors, but did not include it in the latter order. Further placement was done by
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<bibRefCitation author="Rohdendorf, BB" editor="Rohdendorf, BB" journalOrPublisher="Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" pagination="17 - 374" title="Podtip Mandibulata zhvalonosnye chlenistonogie [Subphylum Mandibulata or Prototracheata]." volumeTitle="Osnovy paleontologii. Chlenistonogie. Trakheinye I khelitserovye [Fundamentals of Palaeontology. Arthropoda, Tracheata, Chelicerata.]" year="1962">Rohdendorf (1962)</bibRefCitation>
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who assigned
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sypharoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sypharoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Sypharoptera</taxonomicName>
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to
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<taxonomicName genus="Diaphanopterodea" lsidName="Diaphanopterodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" rank="genus">Diaphanopterodea</taxonomicName>
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on the basis of position of wings. Carpenter first provided revision considering position of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sypharoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sypharoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Sypharoptera</taxonomicName>
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in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Neoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoptera" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neoptera</taxonomicName>
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contra all previous authors, but resulting with placement to Insecta incertae sedis and later reconsidered as
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Palaeoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Palaeoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Palaeoptera</taxonomicName>
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incertae sedis (
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<bibRefCitation author="Carpenter, FM" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" pagination="58 - 84" title="Studies on North American Carboniferous insects. Part 5. Palaeodictyoptera and Megasecoptera from Illinois and Tennessee with a discussion of the order Sypharopteroidea." volume="74" year="1967">Carpenter 1967</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Carpenter, FM" editor="Moore, RC" journalOrPublisher="The Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas, Boulder, Colorado" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" title="Superclass Hexapoda" volumeTitle="Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology" year="1992">1992</bibRefCitation>
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). Finally
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<bibRefCitation author="Rasnitsyn, AP" editor="Rasnitsyn, AP" journalOrPublisher="Organisms Diversity & Evolution" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" title="Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London" url="doi: 10.1007/0-306-47577-4" year="2002">Rasnitsyn (2002</bibRefCitation>
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: 80) considered
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sypharoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sypharoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Sypharoptera</taxonomicName>
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to be possibly related to neopterous group Caloneurida on the basis of roof-like wing position, elongate wings with narrow costal space and simple and straight CuA and CuP. However, the holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sypharoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sypharoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Sypharoptera</taxonomicName>
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is not in a position that allows determining with accuracy that the wings were in a roof-like position in the living animal (Fig. 3), while the narrow costal space and simple, straight CuA and CuP can be found in many
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<taxonomicName genus="Diaphanopterodea" lsidName="Diaphanopterodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" rank="genus">Diaphanopterodea</taxonomicName>
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and are not sufficient for an attribution to another clade.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sypharoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sypharoptera pneuma" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pneuma">Sypharoptera pneuma</taxonomicName>
|
||
Handlirsch, 1911(?
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Diaphanopterodea" lsidName="Diaphanopterodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" rank="genus">Diaphanopterodea</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Sypharopteridae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" rank="family">Sypharopteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), holotype YPM No. 0064 (Upper Carboniferous,Carbondale Formation, Mazon Creek (Illinois, USA): photograph (Scale bar represents 5 mm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sypharoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sypharoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="44" start="start">Sypharoptera</pageBreakToken>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Alexrasnitsyniidae" genus="Alexrasnitsynia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alexrasnitsynia" order="Diaphanopterodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Alexrasnitsynia</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather short ScP, RA and RP widely separated and connected by a series of transversal crossveins, but the organisation of RP, MA, MP, and CuA at their bases is unknown in the former. So we cannot be sure of its possible affinities with our fossil. In particular, it is not possible to determine on the photograph of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sypharoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sypharoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Sypharoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
if it has a MA very closely parallel to radial stem and reaching the short oblique basal part of RP, fused with it for short distance, and separating again distally, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Alexrasnitsyniidae" genus="Alexrasnitsynia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alexrasnitsynia" order="Diaphanopterodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Alexrasnitsynia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
The other structures of wing venation are similar in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sypharoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sypharoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Sypharoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Alexrasnitsyniidae" genus="Alexrasnitsynia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alexrasnitsynia" order="Diaphanopterodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Alexrasnitsynia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the main difference in the greater number of branches of RP in the latter (6-7 branches) than in the former (3-4 branches). One might be tempted to consider that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Alexrasnitsyniidae" genus="Alexrasnitsynia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alexrasnitsynia" order="Diaphanopterodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Alexrasnitsynia</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sypharoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sypharoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Sypharoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
belong to the same family of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Diaphanopterodea" lsidName="Diaphanopterodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" rank="genus">Diaphanopterodea</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nevertheless several important structures diagnostic to the family to which
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Alexrasnitsyniidae" genus="Alexrasnitsynia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alexrasnitsynia" order="Diaphanopterodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Alexrasnitsynia</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs are unknown in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sypharoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sypharoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Sypharoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, so we prefer to consider
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Alexrasnitsyniidae" genus="Alexrasnitsynia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alexrasnitsynia" order="Diaphanopterodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Alexrasnitsynia</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a separate new family.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |