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<mods:title id="7B513B5930AA7F91EB2CC2D925B53823">The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Bolivia including the descriptions of fifteen new species, the resurrection of one genus and two species, seven new combinations, six new synonymies, and twenty-eight new records</mods:title>
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Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D5F5978FFDBFF28FF313023CCEB" ID-CoL="8HSKX" authority="Stal, 1861" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1861" box="[238,553,152,180]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Tympanoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEACE5978FFDBFF28FF3133ADCCEC" bold="true" box="[238,423,154,180]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Tympanoterpes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B2D5978FFDBFE68FF333023CCEB" author="Stal, C." box="[430,553,152,179]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="613 - 622" refId="ref92814" refString="Stal, C. (1861) Genera nonnulla nova Cicadinorum. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, (4) 1, 613 - 622." type="journal article" year="1861">Stål, 1861</bibRefCitation>
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new record
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D5F5978FFDBFF51FF7533C5CCAE" ID-CoL="8HSKX" authority="Stal 1861: 614" authorityName="Stal" authorityPageNumber="614" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,463,221,246]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Tympanoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEACE5978FFDBFF51FF75333BCCAD" box="[151,305,222,245]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Tympanoterpes</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9F10CD5978FFDBFEFEFF7633C5CCAE" author="Stal, C." box="[312,463,221,246]" page="614" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1861">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B2D5978FFDBFEFEFF7633C5CCAE" author="Stal, C." box="[312,463,221,246]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="613 - 622" refId="ref92814" refString="Stal, C. (1861) Genera nonnulla nova Cicadinorum. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, (4) 1, 613 - 622." type="journal article" year="1861">Stål 1861: 614</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<typeStatus id="5485887E5978FFDBFF51FF5632CCCD49" box="[151,198,253,276]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">TYPE</typeStatus>
SPECIES.
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D5F5978FFDBFED8FF573097CD4D" ID-CoL="7DB33" authority="Germar, 1834" authorityName="Germar" authorityPageNumber="62" authorityYear="1834" box="[286,669,252,277]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serricosta">
<emphasis id="B94AEACE5978FFDBFED8FF5733EDCD4C" box="[286,487,252,276]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C[icada] serricosta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B2D5978FFDBFE2BFF573097CD4D" author="Germar, E. F." box="[493,669,252,277]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="49 - 82" refId="ref86407" refString="Germar, E. F. (1834) Observations sur plusieurs especes du genre Cicada, Latr. Revue Entomologique Publiee par Gustav Silbermann, 2, 49 - 82." type="journal article" year="1834">Germar 1834: 62</bibRefCitation>
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. (
<collectingCountry id="F329764C5978FFDBFD68FF5730E5CD4D" box="[686,751,252,277]" name="Brazil" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Brazil</collectingCountry>
)
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<paragraph id="8B8136DC5978FFDBFF51FEE8363ECEF9" blockId="20.[151,1437,322,781]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
REMARKS. The genus was erected, as were many genera of the time period, using a few general characteristics (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B2D5978FFDBFAA9FEE932D9CDDA" author="Stal, C." pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="613 - 622" refId="ref92814" refString="Stal, C. (1861) Genera nonnulla nova Cicadinorum. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, (4) 1, 613 - 622." type="journal article" year="1861">Stål 1861</bibRefCitation>
). The general nature of the description has meant that only three of the eight species
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B2D5978FFDBFB56FECD3704CDDA" author="Stal, C." box="[1168,1294,358,386]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="613 - 622" refId="ref92814" refString="Stal, C. (1861) Genera nonnulla nova Cicadinorum. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, (4) 1, 613 - 622." type="journal article" year="1861">Stål (1861)</bibRefCitation>
listed as belonging to the genus still remain in
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<emphasis id="B94AEACE5978FFDBFDEEFE2730D9CDFD" box="[552,723,396,421]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Tympanoterpes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with species now represented by eight genera from three tribes that were at one time classified within
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D5F5978FFDBFD93FE1B31B7CD91" authority="(Sanborn 2013)" baseAuthorityName="Sanborn" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[597,957,431,457]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Tympanoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEACE5978FFDBFD93FE1B310ACD91" box="[597,768,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Tympanoterpes</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B2D5978FFDBFCD6FE0431BFCD91" author="Sanborn, A. F." box="[784,949,431,457]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref90614" refString="Sanborn, A. F. (2013) Catalogue of the Cicadoidea (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea). With contributions to the bibliography by Martin H. Villet. Elsevier / Academic Press, San Diego, 1001 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 416647 - 9.00001 - 2" type="book" year="2013">Sanborn 2013</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B2D5978FFDBFC0FFE043667CD91" author="Distant, W. L." box="[969,1133,431,457]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref85759" refString="Distant, W. L. (1914) Homoptera, Fam. Cicadidae, Subfam. Gaeaninae. Genera Insectorum, 158, 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="1914">Distant (1914)</bibRefCitation>
provided a slightly longer description than
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B2D5978FFDBFE92FE7933D9CDB6" author="Stal, C." box="[340,467,466,494]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="613 - 622" refId="ref92814" refString="Stal, C. (1861) Genera nonnulla nova Cicadinorum. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, (4) 1, 613 - 622." type="journal article" year="1861">Stål (1861)</bibRefCitation>
incorporating the structures used by Stål. Using
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B2D5978FFDBFBC6FE7836B7CDB5" author="Distant, W. L." box="[1024,1213,467,493]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref85573" refString="Distant, W. L. (1906 a) A synonymic catalogue of Homoptera. Part I. Cicadidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 207 pp." type="book" year="1906">Distants (1906a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B2D5978FFDBFB0CFE783709CDB5" author="Distant, W. L." box="[1226,1283,467,493]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref85759" refString="Distant, W. L. (1914) Homoptera, Fam. Cicadidae, Subfam. Gaeaninae. Genera Insectorum, 158, 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="1914">1914</bibRefCitation>
) key, the following were used to distinguish the genus: metasternum with a moderately elevated transverse central plate, which is not anteriorly angularly produced, head including eyes about equal in width to base of mesonotum, eyes scarcely projecting beyond anterior angle of pronotum, vertex of head at area of ocelli often only very slightly longer than front, posterior angles of pronotum a little prominent, but not lobately produced, and fore wings with radial crossvein strongly oblique. The genus is in need of revision and a complete description.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32465575978FFDBFF01FD003002CF55" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8136DC5978FFDBFF01FD003002CF55" blockId="20.[151,1437,322,781]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
DISTRIBUTION. Currently assigned species of the genus have been reported previously from
<collectingCountry id="F329764C5978FFDBFB14FD00374ECE9D" box="[1234,1348,683,709]" name="Argentina" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F329764C5978FFDBFA97FD003792CE9D" box="[1361,1432,683,709]" name="Brazil" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F329764C5978FFDBFF51FD6432FBCEB1" box="[151,241,719,745]" name="Guyana" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Guyana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F329764C5978FFDBFF3BFD64336ACEB1" box="[253,352,719,745]" name="Uruguay" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F329764C5978FFDBFE5BFD64301ACEB1" box="[413,528,719,745]" name="Venezuela" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B2D5978FFDBFDD9FD6430C2CEB1" author="Metcalf, Z. P." box="[543,712,719,745]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 585" refId="ref88793" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. (1963 a) General catalogue of the Homoptera, Fascicle VIII. Cicadoidea. Part 1. Cicadidae. Section I. Tibiceninae. North Carolina State College Contribution, 1502, i-vii, 1 - 585." type="journal article" year="1963">Metcalf 1963a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B2D5978FFDBFD13FD64317FCEB1" author="Sanborn, A. F." box="[725,885,719,745]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref90614" refString="Sanborn, A. F. (2013) Catalogue of the Cicadoidea (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea). With contributions to the bibliography by Martin H. Villet. Elsevier / Academic Press, San Diego, 1001 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 416647 - 9.00001 - 2" type="book" year="2013">Sanborn 2013</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B2D5978FFDBFC44FD643687CEB1" author="Sanborn, A. F. &amp; Heath, M. S." box="[898,1165,719,745]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref91517" refString="Sanborn, A. F. &amp; Heath, M. S. (2014) The cicadas of Argentina with new records, a new genus and fifteen new species (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae). Zootaxa, 3883 (1), 1 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3883.1. 1" type="journal article" year="2014">Sanborn &amp; Heath 2014</bibRefCitation>
). This is the first record of the genus in
<collectingCountry id="F329764C5978FFDBFE82FD58339CCF55" box="[324,406,755,781]" name="Bolivia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F329764C5978FFDBFE0BFD58300ECF55" box="[461,516,755,781]" name="Peru" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Peru</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
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