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<document id="C7905DDB3EE6CF75138923F8CB9BA465" ID-CLB-Dataset="7488" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4949.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a0d8967c-4cec-46d9-a47a-cadebc137be3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4636125" ID-ZooBank="319ED5BF-45CD-4DD0-9A58-DE1B5F42E93E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1616664406057" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Giangrande, Adriana, Putignano, Matteo, Licciano, Margherita &amp; Gambi, Maria Cristina" docDate="2021" docId="039787C8873C2377FF2B45BBFAECF8C2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4949.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4949 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Amphiglena vulcanoensis Giangrande &amp; Putignano &amp; Licciano &amp; Gambi 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="224" masterDocId="FFAEFFB087292360FFBC464DFFE0FFBD" masterDocTitle="The Pandora’s box: Morphological diversity within the genus Amphiglena Claparède, 1864 (Sabellidae, Annelida) in the Mediterranean Sea, with description of nine new species" masterLastPageNumber="239" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="222" updateTime="1698934951631" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="E48CE9CCA4B89B32C9F81CF0CB0852C4">The Pandora’s box: Morphological diversity within the genus Amphiglena Claparède, 1864 (Sabellidae, Annelida) in the Mediterranean Sea, with description of nine new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="82A1089345C8A054D545127DAF50DDF3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="9A20AC11BA0D20125894A28694CEA745">
<mods:roleTerm id="7AB143948EECC70A254109057FA8AC75">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D5E780E8909B7FBDF36A5B1BC8985E13">Giangrande, Adriana</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C603BDDACBEBFE2351363C0CC5B59D4A" type="ORCID">0000-0003-4531-2377</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="36015F5CF59B3E4CBE2DB05D624AB84E">Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce- Monteroni, 73100 Lecce (Italy) &amp; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn of Napoli, Dept Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Center, 80070 Ischia (Napoli, Italy) &amp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4531 - 2377</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role id="10CB08B345A374687DD290953EB414D9">
<mods:roleTerm id="595F70358C936140DEC336861D0A13EC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="811E61651FBEE8D082CB66E86A2E8C19">Putignano, Matteo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9147F319CE62B9D54B72334980FF87F3">Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce- Monteroni, 73100 Lecce (Italy)</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4C4A33B46B6EE630D42CF3859B554842" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FD5EFC5AE389CDD049DF37C580B07596">
<mods:roleTerm id="76C50CEA0E77662FC0D5C4B106CEC326">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FD01F2362C3910BD21F5717FC018C850">Licciano, Margherita</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9C86263EEF7B6ACE3B8251BEF9295283" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8762-3179</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="CEB35076D03281D31CB12F0653E33574">Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce- Monteroni, 73100 Lecce (Italy) &amp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8762 - 3179</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="621D8A5522759EFFA6D7F8E0E3CFABDC" type="personal">
<mods:role id="516F12A617056D952A097B9CACC6AF25">
<mods:roleTerm id="9379E8725BFF9789F65D60E7CA0B48CD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F6255C6D8DA91433064037455171C451">Gambi, Maria Cristina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C568C63E086D4D2E4972FFDF3B21D4F2">Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn of Napoli, Dept Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Center, 80070 Ischia (Napoli, Italy)</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="56753111F65AEDB3A3B38C33341636B0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="AE52D0F12F723C54B23F38FB16F9C0E7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="707C6519010621D5BC39B4087FA6BDF9">
<mods:date id="B26BBA71E2FA7C32A3B55F762227C7D1">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F73926EB74511B05ABC0750918C93A74">2021-03-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="10B98D98952357DB236B306C05463155">4949</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="14AFD5BA668DAF3531D317AC5537CBF5">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="971F046492B0C843E277760185CF1A2E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4949.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DF108F1EDE4F7AAA991E79360BC0A873" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039787C8873C2377FF2B45BBFAECF8C2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4636162" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180876813" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4636162" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039787C8873C2377FF2B45BBFAECF8C2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787C8873C2377FF2B45BBFAECF8C2" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
<subSubSection id="C3246555873C2375FF2B45BBFDD4FBAC" box="[151,564,1014,1041]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8136DE873C2375FF2B45BBFDD4FBAC" blockId="21.[151,564,1014,1077]" box="[151,564,1014,1041]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
<heading id="D0C981B2873C2375FF2B45BBFDD4FBAC" bold="true" box="[151,564,1014,1041]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873C2375FF2B45BBFDD4FBAC" bold="true" box="[151,564,1014,1041]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D5D873C2375FF2B45BBFE2FFBAC" authority="Giangrande &amp; Putignano &amp; Licciano &amp; Gambi, 2021" authorityName="Giangrande &amp; Putignano &amp; Licciano &amp; Gambi" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,463,1014,1041]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Amphiglena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vulcanoensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873C2375FF2B45BBFE2FFBAC" bold="true" box="[151,463,1014,1041]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Amphiglena vulcanoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957B7873C2375FE6B45BAFDD4FBAC" box="[471,564,1015,1041]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3246555873C2375FF2B4256FEC7FB88" box="[151,295,1051,1077]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8136DE873C2375FF2B4256FEC7FB88" blockId="21.[151,564,1014,1077]" box="[151,295,1051,1077]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
(
<figureCitation id="13052A5B873C2375FF234256FF16FB88" box="[159,246,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1542,1566]" captionTargetBox="[159,1431,315,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-79@22.[152,1436,309,1519]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Amphiglena vulcanoensis sp. nov. A. entire worm, photo from the holotype; B. staining pattern; C. tip of the radiole; D. photo from anterior end, ventral view, material coloured with Shirlastain A; E. scheme of the anterior end ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4636178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4636178/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Figs 16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13052A5B873C2375FEBE4256FEFFFB88" box="[258,287,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1498,1522]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,191,1463]" captionTargetId="figure-19@23.[151,1436,181,1474]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 17. Amphiglena vulcanoensis sp. nov. A. thoracic uncinus; B. companion chaeta; C. abdominal uncinus; D. superior thoracic chaeta; E. inferior thoracic chaeta; F. abdominal chaeta from anterior abdominal segment; G. abdominal chaeta from a middle abdominal segment; H. thoracic chaetae arrangement." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4636180" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4636180/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">17</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3246555873C2375FF2B422FFE9AFAB0" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8136DE873C2375FF2B422FFC5DFB1C" blockId="21.[151,1437,1122,2013]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873C2375FF2B422FFE62FBC1" bold="true" box="[151,386,1122,1148]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B563C83873C2375FE36422EFC5DFB1C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3068456323" collectingDate="2013-05-08" collectionCode="MNCN" country="Italy" elevation="2" latitude="38.41947" location="Vulcano Island-Baia di Levante" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="14.9620495" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" specimenCode="MNCN 16.01" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="5485887C873C2375FE36422EFE17FBC0" box="[394,503,1123,1149]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: (
<specimenCode id="DB989EA5873C2375FDB5422EFD47FBC3" box="[521,679,1123,1150]" collectionCode="MNCN" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="Museum">MNCN 16.01</specimenCode>
/18911):
<collectingCountry id="F329764E873C2375FCB0422EFCA4FBC0" box="[780,836,1123,1149]" name="Italy" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Italy</collectingCountry>
:
<location id="8EE16005873C2375FCF3422EFB55FBC0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039787C8873C2377FF2B45BBFAECF8C2:8EE16005873C2375FCF3422EFB55FBC0" box="[847,1205,1123,1149]" country="Italy" latitude="38.41947" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="14.9620495" name="Vulcano Island-Baia di Levante" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Vulcano Island-Baia di Levante</location>
vent system,
<date id="FF80101E873C2375FAEF422EFF32FB1C" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" value="2013-05-08">
<collectingDate id="EFC4E9F6873C2375FAEF422EFF32FB1C" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" value="2013-05-08">8 May 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0A5019873C2375FF6142CBFE69FB1C" box="[221,393,1158,1185]" degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" precision="1" seconds="10.10" value="38.41947">38°25’10.10”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE0A5019873C2375FE2C42CBFDDDFB1C" box="[400,573,1158,1185]" degrees="14" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" precision="1" seconds="43.38" value="14.9620495">14°57’43.38”E</geoCoordinate>
;
<elevation id="0013D1ED873C2375FDF442CBFD2DFB1C" box="[584,717,1158,1185]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" unit="m" value="1.5">
<quantity id="4CC69B3B873C2375FDF442CBFD68FB1C" box="[584,648,1158,1185]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B2F873C2375FD6042CAFC51FB1C" author="Vizzini, S. &amp; Martinez-Crego, B. &amp; Andolina, C. &amp; Massa-Gallucci, A. &amp; Connell, S. D. &amp; Gambi, M. C." box="[732,945,1159,1185]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" pagination="4018" refId="ref21216" refString="Vizzini, S., Martinez-Crego, B., Andolina, C., Massa-Gallucci, A., Connell, S. D. &amp; Gambi, M. C. (2017) Ocean acidification as a driver of community simplification via the collapse of higher-order and rise of lower-order consumers. Scientific Report, 7, 4018. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 017 - 03802 - w" type="journal article" year="2017">
Vizzini
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873C2375FC8942CAFC8EFB1C" box="[821,878,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136DE873C2375FF7B42E6FE9AFAB0" blockId="21.[151,1437,1122,2013]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
<materialsCitation id="3B563C83873C2375FF7B42E6FD69FB54" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3068456334" collectionCode="MNCN" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" specimenCode="MNCN 16.01" specimenCount="52" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="5485887C873C2375FF7B42E6FED8FB78" box="[199,312,1195,1221]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCode id="DB989EA5873C2375FEF942E6FE00FB78" box="[325,480,1195,1221]" collectionCode="MNCN" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="Museum">MNCN 16.01</specimenCode>
/18912:
<specimenCount id="9D38FD57873C2375FD8342E6FD2AFB78" box="[575,714,1195,1221]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
from same locality and date as the
<typeStatus id="5485887C873C2375FBD942E6FB2BFB78" box="[1125,1227,1195,1221]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
;
<specimenCount id="9D38FD57873C2375FB6B42E6FA94FB78" box="[1239,1396,1195,1221]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="generic">49 specimens</specimenCount>
, all collected in the same locality and date as the
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B563C83873C2375FD2C4282FE96FAB0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3068456319" collectionCode="PCZL" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="5485887C873C2375FD2C4282FD12FB54" box="[656,754,1231,1257]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED2FAE1B873C2375FD454282FCDCFB54" box="[761,828,1231,1257]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">PCZL</collectionCode>
S.A. 8.1. Material fixed ethanol 95% (including
<typeStatus id="5485887C873C2375FADD4282FF27FAB0" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus id="5485887C873C2375FF4242BEFE8FFAB0" box="[254,367,1267,1293]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3246555873C2376FF7B435BFF55F96E" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="223" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8136DE873C2376FF7B435BFC40FF68" blockId="21.[151,1437,1122,2013]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1436,151,286]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="223" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873C2375FF7B435BFEB9FA8D" bold="true" box="[199,345,1302,1328]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Description.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="5485887C873C2375FEDC435AFE28FA8C" box="[352,456,1303,1329]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
complete, with eight thoracic and 32 abdominal chaetigers. Body length
<quantity id="4CC69B3B873C2375FB41435AFAB5FA8C" box="[1277,1365,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
, branchial crown
<quantity id="4CC69B3B873C2375FE9F4377FE9CFAE8" box="[291,380,1338,1365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
; maximum body width
<quantity id="4CC69B3B873C2375FD344377FD01FAE8" box="[648,737,1338,1365]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
, abdomen largely flattened. Yellow colouration presents especially in the thorax, highlighting the mid-dorsally faecal groove, and ventral shields (
<figureCitation id="13052A5B873C2375FBF64312FB52FAC7" box="[1098,1202,1375,1402]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1542,1566]" captionTargetBox="[159,1431,315,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-79@22.[152,1436,309,1519]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Amphiglena vulcanoensis sp. nov. A. entire worm, photo from the holotype; B. staining pattern; C. tip of the radiole; D. photo from anterior end, ventral view, material coloured with Shirlastain A; E. scheme of the anterior end ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4636178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4636178/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
). Crown with 7 pairs of radioles with 16 pairs of pinnules arranged in two longitudinal rows alternating along the radiolar length. The gap between pinnule pairs remaining constant along the radiole, with only the first basal pair more separated from the successive one. The pinnules show a variable length appearing very short and with a characteristic swell on the end, not observed in other species. The tip of radioles short and blunt (
<figureCitation id="13052A5B873C2375FCCC43A2FC36F9B7" box="[880,982,1519,1546]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1542,1566]" captionTargetBox="[159,1431,315,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-79@22.[152,1436,309,1519]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Amphiglena vulcanoensis sp. nov. A. entire worm, photo from the holotype; B. staining pattern; C. tip of the radiole; D. photo from anterior end, ventral view, material coloured with Shirlastain A; E. scheme of the anterior end ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4636178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4636178/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Fig. 16C</figureCitation>
). Dorsal lips with very long and rounded dorsal radiolar appendages, (1/3 of radiolar length). Radiolar skeleton with two rows of cells. Anterior peristomial ring not visible. Posterior peristomial ring low with two small ventral projections with low margin, ventral basal flanges thick and extending as prominent ridge from the base of the ventral-most radioles. Base of crown distinctly thick (
<figureCitation id="13052A5B873C2375FF624032FE84F924" box="[222,356,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1542,1566]" captionTargetBox="[159,1431,315,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-79@22.[152,1436,309,1519]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Amphiglena vulcanoensis sp. nov. A. entire worm, photo from the holotype; B. staining pattern; C. tip of the radiole; D. photo from anterior end, ventral view, material coloured with Shirlastain A; E. scheme of the anterior end ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4636178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4636178/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Fig. 16D, E</figureCitation>
). Peristomial eye not visible. Pygidial eyes present as cluster of brown spots on lateral margins of pygidium. Thorax longer than wide. First thoracic chaetiger bearing only 3 chaetae similar in shape to the superior chaetae of the other thoracic segments. From the second to the eighth thoracic chaetiger, 7 uncini in each torus, with approximately five rows of similar-sized small teeth above the main fang and well-developed breast, going beyond the main fang and with large distance above main fang. Medium-short handles long around 1/3 of the total uncinus length (0.35); the uncini are also larger in height than the other species (
<figureCitation id="13052A5B873C2375FC0C417EFBF8F8F0" box="[944,1048,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1498,1522]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,191,1463]" captionTargetId="figure-19@23.[151,1436,181,1474]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 17. Amphiglena vulcanoensis sp. nov. A. thoracic uncinus; B. companion chaeta; C. abdominal uncinus; D. superior thoracic chaeta; E. inferior thoracic chaeta; F. abdominal chaeta from anterior abdominal segment; G. abdominal chaeta from a middle abdominal segment; H. thoracic chaetae arrangement." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4636180" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4636180/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
). Companion chaetae present, with straight shaft and short mucro (
<figureCitation id="13052A5B873C2375FE4D411AFDB6F8CC" box="[497,598,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1498,1522]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,191,1463]" captionTargetId="figure-19@23.[151,1436,181,1474]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 17. Amphiglena vulcanoensis sp. nov. A. thoracic uncinus; B. companion chaeta; C. abdominal uncinus; D. superior thoracic chaeta; E. inferior thoracic chaeta; F. abdominal chaeta from anterior abdominal segment; G. abdominal chaeta from a middle abdominal segment; H. thoracic chaetae arrangement." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4636180" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4636180/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
). Second to eighth thoracic chaetigers with 5 chaetae of which one superior chaeta broadly hooded and four inferior paleate chaetae of two different typologies, one having a mucro long as the hood, the second showing a very short mucro and a reduced length (
<figureCitation id="13052A5B873C2375FC3541D2FBD0F804" box="[905,1072,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1498,1522]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,191,1463]" captionTargetId="figure-19@23.[151,1436,181,1474]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 17. Amphiglena vulcanoensis sp. nov. A. thoracic uncinus; B. companion chaeta; C. abdominal uncinus; D. superior thoracic chaeta; E. inferior thoracic chaeta; F. abdominal chaeta from anterior abdominal segment; G. abdominal chaeta from a middle abdominal segment; H. thoracic chaetae arrangement." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4636180" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4636180/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Fig. 17D, E, H</figureCitation>
). Four abdominal uncini on each torus with 4 teeth, uncini higher than longer and with a medium handle (
<figureCitation id="13052A5B873C2375FC00418EFBC2F860" box="[956,1058,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1498,1522]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,191,1463]" captionTargetId="figure-19@23.[151,1436,181,1474]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 17. Amphiglena vulcanoensis sp. nov. A. thoracic uncinus; B. companion chaeta; C. abdominal uncinus; D. superior thoracic chaeta; E. inferior thoracic chaeta; F. abdominal chaeta from anterior abdominal segment; G. abdominal chaeta from a middle abdominal segment; H. thoracic chaetae arrangement." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4636180" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4636180/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Fig. 17C</figureCitation>
). Four broadly hooded abdominal neurochaetae similar to the inferior paleate chaetae both in the first and median abdominal segments, but the last becoming longer (
<figureCitation id="13052A5B873F2376FEDF46F6FE07FF68" box="[355,487,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1498,1522]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,191,1463]" captionTargetId="figure-19@23.[151,1436,181,1474]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 17. Amphiglena vulcanoensis sp. nov. A. thoracic uncinus; B. companion chaeta; C. abdominal uncinus; D. superior thoracic chaeta; E. inferior thoracic chaeta; F. abdominal chaeta from anterior abdominal segment; G. abdominal chaeta from a middle abdominal segment; H. thoracic chaetae arrangement." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4636180" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4636180/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Fig. 17F, G</figureCitation>
). Spermathechae light brown/coloured.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136DE873F2376FF7B4693FCCBFEA3" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,286]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873F2376FF7B4693FE71FF44" bold="true" box="[199,401,222,249]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Staining pattern.</emphasis>
In both thorax and abdomen stain only ventral shields, intensely coloured on the peristomial ring, and abdomen with a narrow stained string (
<figureCitation id="13052A5B873F2376FD0B474EFCFEFEA3" box="[695,798,259,286]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1542,1566]" captionTargetBox="[159,1431,315,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-79@22.[152,1436,309,1519]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Amphiglena vulcanoensis sp. nov. A. entire worm, photo from the holotype; B. staining pattern; C. tip of the radiole; D. photo from anterior end, ventral view, material coloured with Shirlastain A; E. scheme of the anterior end ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4636178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4636178/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Fig. 16B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF416656873F2376FF2B404BFA7AF9FE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4636178" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4636178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4636178/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" startId="22.[151,250,1542,1566]" targetBox="[159,1431,315,1510]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="8B8136DE873F2376FF2B404BFA7AF9FE" blockId="22.[151,1436,1542,1603]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873F2376FF2B404BFEFFF9A2" bold="true" box="[151,287,1542,1567]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D5D873F2376FE98404AFDC8F9A2" authority="Giangrande &amp; Putignano &amp; Licciano &amp; Gambi, 2021" authorityName="Giangrande &amp; Putignano &amp; Licciano &amp; Gambi" authorityYear="2021" box="[292,552,1543,1567]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Amphiglena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vulcanoensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873F2376FE98404AFDC8F9A2" box="[292,552,1543,1567]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Amphiglena vulcanoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873F2376FD91404AFD74F9A3" bold="true" box="[557,660,1542,1567]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957B7873F2376FD91404AFD9DF9A2" box="[557,637,1543,1567]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A
</emphasis>
. entire worm, photo from the holotype;
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873F2376FB94404AFBDFF9A2" bold="true" box="[1064,1087,1543,1567]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">B.</emphasis>
staining pattern;
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873F2376FB52404BFAE6F9A3" bold="true" box="[1262,1286,1542,1566]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">C.</emphasis>
tip of the radiole;
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873F2376FF784066FF3CF9FE" bold="true" box="[196,220,1579,1603]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">D.</emphasis>
photo from anterior end, ventral view, material coloured with Shirlastain A;
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873F2376FC5A4066FC1DF9FE" bold="true" box="[998,1021,1579,1603]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">E.</emphasis>
scheme of the anterior end ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8136DE873F2376FF7B403CFF55F96E" blockId="22.[151,1437,1649,1927]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873F2376FF7B403CFED8F936" bold="true" box="[199,312,1649,1675]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Variation</emphasis>
. Individuals always with 8 thoracic chaetigers and up to 32 abdominal chaetigers. Mean body length of
<quantity id="4CC69B3B873F2376FF0940D8FEEAF912" box="[181,266,1685,1711]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="3.7">3.7 mm</quantity>
and mean crown length of
<quantity id="4CC69B3B873F2376FD8440D8FD71F912" box="[568,657,1685,1711]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
. Up to 10 thoracic uncini on each torus and 7 abdominal uncini (
<tableCitation id="C6BC0365873F2376FAE040D8FF44F96E" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="29.[151,239,689,715]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparative view of the main characters of the described Amphiglena species." pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3246555873F2376FF7B4090FC88F83A" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8136DE873F2376FF7B4090FC88F83A" blockId="22.[151,1437,1649,1927]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873F2376FF7B4090FEDBF94A" bold="true" box="[199,315,1757,1783]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Remarks.</emphasis>
This is a species larger than the other congeneric species, with a compact appearance and with the largest number of radioles of all Mediterranean species, and non Mediterranean species. In this aspect, it resembles the Australian species
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D5D873F2376FE244168FD1EF882" authority="Capa &amp; Rouse, 2007" authorityName="Capa &amp; Rouse" authorityYear="2007" box="[408,766,1829,1855]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Amphiglena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="magna">
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873F2376FE244168FDE6F882" box="[408,518,1829,1855]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">A. magna</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B2F873F2376FDB34168FD1EF882" author="Capa, M. &amp; Rouse, G. W." box="[527,766,1829,1855]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" pagination="327 - 356" refId="ref18604" refString="Capa, M. &amp; Rouse, G. W. (2007) Phylogenetic relationships within Amphiglena Claparede, 1864 (Polychaeta: Sabellidae), description of five new species from Australia, a new species from Japan, and comments on previously described species. Journal of Natural History, 41, 327 - 356. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930701194938" type="journal article" year="2007">Capa &amp; Rouse, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from which it is distinguished by the length of handles of thoracic uncini, but also by the ventral peristomial shape. This feature is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D5D873F2376FB8C4104FAD4F8DE" authority="Rouse, 1993" authorityName="Rouse" authorityYear="1993" box="[1072,1332,1865,1891]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Amphiglena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="terebro">
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873F2376FB8C4104FB7FF8DE" box="[1072,1183,1865,1891]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">A. terebro</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B2F873F2376FB1A4104FAD4F8DE" author="Rouse, G. W." box="[1190,1332,1865,1891]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref20764" refString="Rouse, G. W. (1993) Amphiglena terebro sp. nov. (Polychaeta: Sabellidae: Sabellinae) from eastern Australia; including a description of larval development and sperm ultrastructure. Ophelia, 37, 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00785326.1993.10430373" type="journal article" year="1993">Rouse, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which is a smaller species with fewer radioles and 12 thoracic chaetigers.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF416656873E2377FF2B4397FCE8F986" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4636180" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4636180" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4636180/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" startId="23.[151,250,1498,1522]" targetBox="[162,1427,191,1463]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="8B8136DE873E2377FF2B4397FCE8F986" blockId="23.[151,1436,1498,1595]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873E2377FF2B4397FEC0FA4F" bold="true" box="[151,288,1498,1522]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D5D873E2377FE9A4397FDCAFA4F" authority="Giangrande &amp; Putignano &amp; Licciano &amp; Gambi, 2021" authorityName="Giangrande &amp; Putignano &amp; Licciano &amp; Gambi" authorityYear="2021" box="[294,554,1498,1522]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Amphiglena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vulcanoensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873E2377FE9A4397FDCAFA4F" box="[294,554,1498,1522]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Amphiglena vulcanoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873E2377FD8C4396FD7FFA4F" bold="true" box="[560,671,1498,1523]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957B7873E2377FD8C4396FD61FA4E" box="[560,641,1499,1523]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A.
</emphasis>
thoracic uncinus;
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873E2377FCE64396FC91FA4E" bold="true" box="[858,881,1499,1523]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">B.</emphasis>
companion chaeta;
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873E2377FB814397FBB6FA4F" bold="true" box="[1085,1110,1498,1522]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">C.</emphasis>
abdominal uncinus;
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873E2377FA964396FAA3FA4E" bold="true" box="[1322,1347,1499,1523]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">D.</emphasis>
superior thoracic chaeta;
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873E2377FE8143B2FEB4F9AA" bold="true" box="[317,340,1535,1559]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">E.</emphasis>
inferior thoracic chaeta;
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873E2377FDEE43B2FD85F9AA" bold="true" box="[594,613,1535,1559]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">F.</emphasis>
abdominal chaeta from anterior abdominal segment;
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873E2377FB3E43B3FB7BF9AA" bold="true" box="[1154,1179,1534,1559]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">G.</emphasis>
abdominal chaeta from a middle abdominal segment;
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873E2377FE0B406EFE31F986" bold="true" box="[439,465,1571,1595]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">H.</emphasis>
thoracic chaetae arrangement.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3246555873E2377FF7B4024FF25F915" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8136DE873E2377FF7B4024FF25F915" blockId="23.[151,1436,1641,1919]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873E2377FF7B4024FEAEF93E" bold="true" box="[199,334,1641,1667]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is named from
<typeStatus id="5485887C873E2377FD2D4024FD21F93E" box="[657,705,1641,1667]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">type</typeStatus>
locality, the Island of Vulcano (Aeolian Archipelago, north
<collectingRegion id="49FAF83C873E2377FAD34024FF58F915" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Sicily</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3246555873E2377FF7B40FDFAECF8C2" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8136DE873E2377FF7B40FDFAECF8C2" blockId="23.[151,1436,1641,1919]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873E2377FF7B40FDFE1DF976" bold="true" box="[199,509,1712,1739]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Distribution and Ecology.</emphasis>
The species up to date has been collected only in Baia di Levante hydrothermal vent’ system of Vulcano island. This vent’s system is unique since it is not only acidified due to CO
<subScript id="17BA349B873E2377FB5F40AAFB0BF948" attach="left" box="[1251,1259,1767,1781]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">2</subScript>
emissions from the primary vent source (approx.
<quantity id="4CC69B3B873E2377FDB340B4FDB6F8AE" box="[527,598,1785,1811]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
from the collection area), but has also some sulphur (H
<subScript id="17BA349B873E2377FB754146FB31F8A4" attach="both" box="[1225,1233,1803,1817]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">2</subScript>
S) and is enriched by metal ions (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B2F873E2377FED44150FDDAF88A" author="Vizzini, S. &amp; Martinez-Crego, B. &amp; Andolina, C. &amp; Massa-Gallucci, A. &amp; Connell, S. D. &amp; Gambi, M. C." box="[360,570,1821,1847]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" pagination="4018" refId="ref21216" refString="Vizzini, S., Martinez-Crego, B., Andolina, C., Massa-Gallucci, A., Connell, S. D. &amp; Gambi, M. C. (2017) Ocean acidification as a driver of community simplification via the collapse of higher-order and rise of lower-order consumers. Scientific Report, 7, 4018. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 017 - 03802 - w" type="journal article" year="2017">
Vizzini
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873E2377FE7C4150FE11F88A" box="[448,497,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
, and references herein for a description of the system and its benthic community).
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D5D873E2377FF67410CFE1BF8E6" authority="Giangrande &amp; Putignano &amp; Licciano &amp; Gambi, 2021" authorityName="Giangrande &amp; Putignano &amp; Licciano &amp; Gambi" authorityYear="2021" box="[219,507,1857,1883]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Amphiglena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vulcanoensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873E2377FF67410CFE1BF8E6" box="[219,507,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Amphiglena vulcanoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873E2377FDBE410CFDBDF8E6" bold="true" box="[514,605,1857,1883]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957B7873E2377FDBE410CFDBDF8E6" box="[514,605,1857,1883]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
was collected with a few other polychaetes, among which
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D5D873E2377FB45410CFDC1F8C2" authority="Moquin-Tandon, 1869" authorityName="Moquin-Tandon" authorityYear="1869" class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Platynereis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="massiliensis">
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873E2377FB45410CFA97F8E6" box="[1273,1399,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Platynereis</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873E2377FF2B4128FEFEF8C2" box="[151,286,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">massiliensis</emphasis>
Moquin-Tandon, 1869
</taxonomicName>
was the dominant species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B2F873E2377FCE84128FBC2F8C2" author="Waege, J. &amp; Valvassori, G. &amp; Hardege, J. D. &amp; Shulze, A. &amp; Gambi, M. C." box="[852,1058,1893,1919]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" pagination="199" refId="ref21295" refString="Waege, J., Valvassori, G., Hardege, J. D., Shulze, A. &amp; Gambi, M. C. (2017) The sibling polychaetes Platynereis dumerilii and Platynereis massiliensis in the Mediterranean Sea: are phylogeographic patterns related to exposure to ocean acidification? Marine Biology, 164 (10), 199. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 017 - 3222 - x" type="journal article" year="2017">
Waege
<emphasis id="B94AEACC873E2377FC144128FC39F8C2" box="[936,985,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
,
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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