174 lines
22 KiB
XML
174 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="428962F5ECF879CE4E592845183968DD" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3920.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7289c86d-0ed1-4e93-b7b3-bc596042d854" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="287886" ID-ZooBank="025F9918-F9F6-4049-B7CD-5AC632094F5E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460994190417" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kataev, Boris M. & Liang, Hongbin" docDate="2015" docId="039787812E4FFFC294FD4FC0E881EDD7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03920p039.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3920 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pseudoophonus Motschulsky 1844" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="FFAEFFF92E4DFFC1946A4A2BE927EF1A" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic review of Chinese species of ground beetles of the subgenus Pseudoophonus (genus Harpalus) (Coleoptera: Carabidae)" masterLastPageNumber="39" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698562432667" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="CF70B174AFABC4966A8C39C4670053BC">Taxonomic review of Chinese species of ground beetles of the subgenus Pseudoophonus (genus Harpalus) (Coleoptera: Carabidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A302427084C83370B3A9B700EF9FA8B0">Kataev, Boris M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="43A3A1339144BAC4C556FB2E1BE8CDA0">Liang, Hongbin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="353DE50D11BD5A99D47BE871A8CA6C85">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B55102E0482C811AA6A67AE9AD676C23">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="039787812E4FFFC294FD4FC0E881EDD7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6114234" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127671634" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6114234" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039787812E4FFFC294FD4FC0E881EDD7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787812E4FFFC294FD4FC0E881EDD7" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="C324651C2E4FFFC394FD4FC0EBDEE91F" box="[151,761,1514,1541]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8136972E4FFFC394FD4FC0EBDEE91F" blockId="2.[151,761,1514,1541]" box="[151,761,1514,1541]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D0C981FB2E4FFFC394FD4FC0EBDEE91F" bold="true" box="[151,761,1514,1541]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B94AEA852E4FFFC394FD4FC0EBDEE91F" bold="true" box="[151,761,1514,1541]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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The subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D142E4FFFC395204FC1EBDEE91F" authority="Motschulsky, 1844" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1844" box="[330,761,1514,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pseudoophonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94AEA852E4FFFC395204FC1EB2DE91E" bold="true" box="[330,522,1514,1540]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Pseudoophonus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B662E4FFFC3967B4FC0EBDEE91F" author="Motschulsky" box="[529,761,1515,1541]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Motschulsky, V. (1844) Insectes de la Siberie rapportes d'un Voyage fait en 1839 et 1840. Memoires presentes a l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. - Petersbourg par divers savans et lus dans ses assemblees, 5 (1 - 3), xv + 274 pp. + 10 pls." type="book chapter" year="1844">Motschulsky, 1844</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C324651C2E4FFFC394FD4C1AED2CE97C" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8136972E4FFFC394FD4C1AED2CE97C" blockId="2.[151,1436,1585,1638]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2E11B92E4FFFC394FD4C1AED2CE97C" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D142E4FFFC394FD4C1AEB23E95D" authority="Motschulsky, 1844" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,516,1585,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pseudoophonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94AEA852E4FFFC394FD4C1AE810E95C" box="[151,311,1585,1606]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Pseudoophonus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B662E4FFFC395554C1AEB23E95D" author="Motschulsky" box="[319,516,1585,1607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Motschulsky, V. (1844) Insectes de la Siberie rapportes d'un Voyage fait en 1839 et 1840. Memoires presentes a l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. - Petersbourg par divers savans et lus dans ses assemblees, 5 (1 - 3), xv + 274 pp. + 10 pls." type="book chapter" year="1844">Motschulsky, 1844</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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: table between pp. 196 and 197 (as a genus).
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<typeStatus id="548588352E4FFFC397B14C19ED2AE95D" box="[987,1037,1586,1607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D142E4FFFC390074C1AE9DDE97C" ID-CoL="8L82K" authority="Fabricius, 1775" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Carabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">
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<emphasis id="B94AEA852E4FFFC390074C1AEC17E95C" box="[1133,1328,1585,1606]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Carabus ruficornis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B662E4FFFC3915D4C1AE9DDE97C" author="Fabricius" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Fabricius, J. Ch. (1775) Systema Entomologiae, sistens Insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Kortii, Flensburgi et Lipsiae, xxxii + 832 pp." type="book" year="1775">Fabricius, 1775</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D142E4FFFC395774C7BEB47E97C" ID-CoL="6LDTF" authority="DeGeer, 1774" authorityName="DeGeer" authorityYear="1774" box="[285,608,1616,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Harpalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
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<emphasis id="B94AEA852E4FFFC395774C7BE8EEE97F" box="[285,457,1616,1637]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Harpalus rufipes</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B662E4FFFC395A54C7BEB47E97C" author="DeGeer" box="[463,608,1616,1638]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="DeGeer, Ch. (1774) Memoires pour servir a I'histoire des insectes. Tome quadrieme. Hesselberg, Stockholm, xii + 457 pp." type="book" year="1774">DeGeer, 1774</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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), designated by
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9F10862E4FFFC397694C7BED20E97C" author="Motschulsky" box="[771,1031,1616,1638]" page="208" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1864">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B662E4FFFC397694C7BED20E97C" author="Motschulsky" box="[771,1031,1616,1638]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Motschulsky, V. (1864) Enumeration des nouvelles especes de coleopteres rapportes de ses voyages. 4 - eme article. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 37 (3), 171 - 240." type="journal article" year="1864">Motschulsky (1864: 208)</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C324651C2E4FFFC294FD4CB9EAE0EE5A" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B8136972E4FFFC294FD4CB9EAE0EE5A" blockId="2.[151,1437,1682,2031]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,717]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B94AEA852E4FFFC394FD4CB9E82DE9B1" bold="true" box="[151,266,1682,1707]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Beetles of medium or rather large size (length 8.0–24.0 mm). Body dorsally, particularly elytra, in most species more or less punctate and pubescent, in some species impunctate and glabrous. Tempora in most species glabrous, rarely (in
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D142E4FFFC3951D4CF0EB5DE9E9" authority="Tschitscherine" authorityName="Tschitscherine" box="[375,634,1754,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Harpalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eous">
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<emphasis id="B94AEA852E4FFFC3951D4CF0E8E9E9E8" box="[375,462,1755,1778]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">H. eous</emphasis>
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Tschitschérine
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</taxonomicName>
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) setaceous. Mentum and submentum separated by complete transverse suture. Labial basal palpomere with or without carina on ventral side. Antennae pubescent from antennomere 3. Pronotum with one or several lateral setae on each side, bordered or not bordered along basal margin. Elytra usually without discal pores (in
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D142E4FFFC395974D6CEBFEE845" authority="Morawitz" authorityName="Morawitz" box="[509,729,1862,1887]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Harpalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capito">
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<emphasis id="B94AEA852E4FFFC395974D6CEB42E844" box="[509,613,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">H. capito</emphasis>
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Morawitz
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</taxonomicName>
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with a row of discal pores on intervals 1, 2, 5 and 7 along their entire length, and in some species, more often in
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D142E4FFFC396D74D40EA35E898" box="[701,786,1899,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Harpalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eous">
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<emphasis id="B94AEA852E4FFFC396D74D40EA35E898" box="[701,786,1899,1922]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">H. eous</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, one discal pore occasionally present on interval 3 at stria 2 behind middle). Elytral subapical sinuation shallow or moderately deep. Apex of last visible sternite and tergite without pronounced sexual dimorphism. Metacoxa without posteromedial pore. Protibia with two to five ventroapical spines arranged in a transverse row and with three to seven preapical spines on outer margin of tibia isolated from spines of ventral side. Apical spur of protibia simple, lanceolate, or dentate at margins. Tarsi more or less densely pubescent dorsally, rarely (in some North American species) metatarsi almost glabrous. Mesotarsomere 1 of male with or without adhesive scales ventrally. Median lobe of aedeagus with or without apical capitulum; internal sac either without any sclerotized elements or with more or less developed sclerotized armature consisting of spiny patches, sometimes one or two separate macrospines.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C324651C2E4EFFC294AD4B67E881EDD7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B8136972E4EFFC294AD4B67EBE5ED27" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B94AEA852E4EFFC294AD4B67E813EE7F" bold="true" box="[199,308,332,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Remarks</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D142E4EFFC2952B4B67E8D5EE7E" box="[321,498,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pseudoophonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94AEA852E4EFFC2952B4B67E8D5EE7E" box="[321,498,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pseudoophonus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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demonstrates a very high variation of some distinctive characters which are usually more constant in most of the related taxa. A similar phenomenon was observed in the subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D142E4EFFC290A34B5BEC4FEE92" box="[1225,1384,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cryptophonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94AEA852E4EFFC290A34B5BEC4FEE92" box="[1225,1384,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cryptophonus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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also displaying mosaic set of plesiomorphic and apomorphic character states (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B662E4EFFC297B74BBFED53EEB6" author="Kataev" box="[989,1140,404,428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Kataev, B. M. (2012) Ground-beetles of the subgenus Cryptophonus Brandm. et Z. Brandm., genus Harpalus Latr. (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Entomologicheskoe obozrenie, 91 (4), 800 - 831. [in Russian; translated in English: Entomological Review, 2013, 93 (3), 370 - 397]" type="journal article" year="2012">Kataev 2012</bibRefCitation>
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). In our opinion, it means that
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D142E4EFFC294AD4B93E85FEECA" box="[199,376,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pseudoophonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94AEA852E4EFFC294AD4B93E85FEECA" box="[199,376,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pseudoophonus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, like
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D142E4EFFC295DC4B93EB72EECA" box="[438,597,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cryptophonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94AEA852E4EFFC295DC4B93EB72EECA" box="[438,597,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cryptophonus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, seems to be rather ancient taxon which evolved early from other
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D142E4EFFC291584B93ECBBEECA" box="[1330,1436,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Harpalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94AEA852E4EFFC291584B93ECBBEECA" box="[1330,1436,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Harpalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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members. Wide variation of basal diagnostic features is a characteristic of taxa located at the basis of large phylogenetic branches (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B662E4EFFC295C64BD4EB42ED02" author="Mamkaev" box="[428,613,511,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Mamkaev, Yu. V. (1968) A comparative study of morphological differences in the lower and higher groups of an uniform phylogenetic stock. Zhurnal obshchey biologii, 29 (1), 48 - 56. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1968">Mamkaev 1968</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B662E4EFFC2961C482BEB96ED02" author="Mamkaev" box="[630,689,512,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Mamkaev, Yu. V. (1979) The principle of morphological diversity as a method for investigation of phylogenetical relationships. In: Sokolov, V. E. (Ed.), Proceedings of the All-Union Conference " The State and Prospects of Development of Morphology ". Nauka, Moskva, pp. 376 - 377. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1979">1979</bibRefCitation>
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; Kataev 1995). The status of such taxa is always a subject of discussions and disagreements among specialists.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8136972E4EFFC294AD486CE881EDD7" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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According to our data, the species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D142E4EFFC2960F4863EA31ED7A" box="[613,790,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pseudoophonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94AEA852E4EFFC2960F4863EA31ED7A" box="[613,790,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pseudoophonus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be divided in three species groups: the
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D142E4EFFC290914863EC66ED45" box="[1275,1345,584,607]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Harpalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capito">
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<emphasis id="B94AEA852E4EFFC290914863EC66ED45" box="[1275,1345,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">capito</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D142E4EFFC291244863ECBBED7A" box="[1358,1436,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Harpalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA852E4EFFC291244863ECBBED7A" box="[1358,1436,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D142E4EFFC294AD4847E817ED9E" box="[199,304,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Harpalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calceatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA852E4EFFC294AD4847E817ED9E" box="[199,304,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">calceatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
groups, which are treated by some authors as separate subgenera (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D142E4EFFC290404847E9F4EDB2" authority="Tschitscherine, 1897" authorityName="Tschitscherine" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cephalomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA852E4EFFC290404847EDCCED9E" box="[1066,1259,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cephalomorphus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B662E4EFFC2909E4847E9F4EDB2" author="Tschitscherine" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Tschitscherine, T. (1897) Carabiques nouveaux ou peu connus. L'Abeille, 29, 45 - 75." type="journal article" year="1897">Tschitschérine, 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D142E4EFFC2948A48BBEB51EDB2" authority="Motschulsky, 1844" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1844" box="[224,630,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pseudoophonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA852E4EFFC2948A48BBE8B6EDB2" box="[224,401,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pseudoophonus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B662E4EFFC295F148A4EB51EDB2" author="Motschulsky" box="[411,630,655,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Motschulsky, V. (1844) Insectes de la Siberie rapportes d'un Voyage fait en 1839 et 1840. Memoires presentes a l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. - Petersbourg par divers savans et lus dans ses assemblees, 5 (1 - 3), xv + 274 pp. + 10 pls." type="book chapter" year="1844">Motschulsky, 1844</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D142E4EFFC296DE48BBEAC7EDB2" authority="Motschulsky, 1844" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1844" box="[692,992,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Platus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA852E4EFFC296DE48BBEBDCEDB2" box="[692,763,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Platus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B662E4EFFC2976F48A4EAC7EDB2" author="Motschulsky" box="[773,992,655,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Motschulsky, V. (1844) Insectes de la Siberie rapportes d'un Voyage fait en 1839 et 1840. Memoires presentes a l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. - Petersbourg par divers savans et lus dans ses assemblees, 5 (1 - 3), xv + 274 pp. + 10 pls." type="book chapter" year="1844">Motschulsky, 1844</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively); all three species groups are distributed in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32976072E4EFFC29536489FE884EDD7" box="[348,419,692,717]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |