160 lines
20 KiB
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160 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.901.39432" ID-GBIF-Dataset="654566e8-947b-4dfe-8fbc-baea3d254fa8" ID-PMC="PMC6965333" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-901-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D8C38C1C3844549F8BEC7C1D884CDF8E" ID-PubMed="31975782" ModsDocID="1313-2970-901-1" checkinTime="1578615027095" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Balkenohl, Michael" docDate="2020" docId="820CDC15FC9E51F08DE327BAC99E2C98" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 901: 1-81" docOrigin="ZooKeys 901" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.901.39432" docTitle="Salcedia matsumotoi Balkenohl 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="D8C38C1C3844549F8BEC7C1D884CDF8E" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="D8C38C1C3844549F8BEC7C1D884CDF8E" masterDocTitle="A genus in disguise. Revision of the genus Salcedia Fairmaire, 1899 with descriptions of nine new species (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritinae, Salcediini)" masterLastPageNumber="81" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668168267548" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A genus in disguise. Revision of the genus Salcedia Fairmaire, 1899 with descriptions of nine new species (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritinae, Salcediini)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Balkenohl, Michael</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>901</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>81</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.901.39432</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.901.39432</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-901-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">D8C38C1C3844549F8BEC7C1D884CDF8E</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="161671754" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E45ECE64-EF94-4181-8C1A-8141E4137118" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/820CDC15FC9E51F08DE327BAC99E2C98" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="820CDC15-FC9E-51F0-8DE3-27BAC99E2C98" authority="Balkenohl, 2020" authorityName="Balkenohl" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Salcedia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salcedia matsumotoi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matsumotoi" status="sp. nov.">Salcedia matsumotoi</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 14–19" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 14 - 19. Salcedia species, habitus, dorsal view, holotype 14 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 15 S. nigeriensis Alluaud (cotype) 16 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 17 S. matsumotoi sp. nov. 18 S. procera sp. nov. 19 S. baroensis sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures14-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370609" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 17</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 26–35" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 26 - 35. Salcedia species, pronotum, dorsal view 26 S. perrieri Fairmaire 27 S. unifoveata sp. nov. 28 S. faillei sp. nov. 29 S. coquilhati Alluaud 30 S. elongata Alluaud 31 S. africana (Britton) 32 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 33 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 34 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 35 S. matsumotoi sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures26-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370611" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 35</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 58–63" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 58 - 63. Salcedia species, male genitalia, dorsal view of aedeagus (a) and parameres (b, c), lateral view (d). Small sketches in black symbolising the apex in cross section 58 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 59 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 60 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 61 S. matsumotoi sp. nov. 62 S. procera sp. nov. 63 S. baroensis sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures58-63" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370615" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 61</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 68–76" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 68 - 76. Salcedia species, female coxostyli (gonopod IX) and laterotergite IX (epipleutite IX) 68 S. perrieri Fairmaire 69 S. unifoveata sp. nov. 70 S. coquilhati Alluaud 71 S. elongata Alluaud 72 S. africana (Britton) 73 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 74 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 75 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 76 S. matsumotoi sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures68-76" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370617" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 76</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 84. Map of tropical Africa providing an overview of the occurrence of all African Salcedia species described to date (recorded localities plotted). 1 (black S. perrieri Fairmaire; 2 (white) S. unifoveata sp. nov.; 3 (black circle) S. faillei sp. nov.; 4 (red) S. coquilhati Alluaud; 5 (yellow) S. elongata Alluaud; 6 (blue) S. africana (Britton); 7 (orange) S. utetea sp. nov.; 8 (grey) S. procera sp. nov.; 9 (light green) S. robusta sp. nov.; 10 (turquoise) S. schoutedeni Alluaud; 11 (purple) S. lukulua sp. nov.; 12 (dark green) S. tuberculata sp. nov.; 13 (brown) S. baroensis sp. nov.; 14 (light blue) S. nigeriensis Alluaud; 16 (dark blue) S. putzeysi (Oberthuer); 17 (black) S. matsumotoi sp. nov.;? in a circle (twice): collection locality of a single female Salcedia specimen of uncertain species. Basic schematic map of Africa taken from SimpleMappr. net." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figure84" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370619" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 84</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype:</emphasis>
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♂, with labels and data: white, printed "IVORY COAST 479 m Denguele Classified Forrest (sudanian forest)
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<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="0.6" value="9.500167">09°30'0.6"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="07" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="51.1" value="-7.680861">07°40'51.1"W</geoCoordinate>
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6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–14.vi.2018”">-14.vi.2018"</normalizedToken>
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/ "Actinic Light Trap Aristophanous, M., Miles, W., Moretto, P., Outtara. Y. leg. ANHRT: 2018.28, BMNH(E) 2018-153" / "NHMUK013685508 square barcode" (BMNH).
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes</emphasis>
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: 3 ♀♀, same data as holotype but with third label "NHMUK013685506 square barcode", and 013685505, 013685506, 013685507 (BMNH, CBB); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 7 specs. same data as holotype but with third label "NHMUK013650247 square barcode", 013650248 - 013650252, 013680129 and -38, 014055537 (BMNH, CBB); 1 ♀, with labels and data: white, printed "IVORY COAST 417 m Gbando Village (sudanian forest with gallery forest)
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<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="17.1" value="9.571417">09°34'17.1"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="06" direction="west" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="1.1" value="-6.683639">06°41'1.1"W</geoCoordinate>
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15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–22.vi.2018”">-22.vi.2018"</normalizedToken>
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/ "MV Light Trap. Aristophanous, M., Outtara, Y. leg. ANHRT: 2018.28, BMNH(E) 2018-153" / "NHMUK013650253 square barcode" (BMNH).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remark.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">In one of the paratypes the left front tibia is missing, in another one three tarsomeres of the right intermediate and hind leg are missing.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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A large sized species, with elongate outline of the elytra with maximum width at middle and the pronotum with nearly complete lateral carinae. The pseudohumerus is obtuse-angular and with a tooth. The antennomeres are elongate. Distinguished most clearly from the most similar species
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. putzeysi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="putzeysi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. putzeysi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the elongate elytra and measurement ratios, the angle of the pseudohumerus, the pronotum with nearly complete lateral carinae, the female coxostylus with different setae pattern, and the different aedeagus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Measurements in Table
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Measurements and ratios of Salcedia species. N = number of specimens measured; x ̄ = arithmetic mean; " term used " refers to the shape of the elytra." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FDDA58A1B347C9F0593A738CF707345F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="FDDA58A1B347C9F0593A738CF707345F">1</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour and surface:</emphasis>
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Fuscous, shiny; top of carinae on head, pronotum and elytra as well as margins of pronotum and elytra opaque, covered with pale grey pili; pronotum laterally translucent-hinnuleous, legs and mandibles fuscous, antennae and palpi hinnuleous.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head:</emphasis>
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Three-quarters of pronotum width. Outline campanulate. Clypeus wide, straight anteriorly, fused with clypeal wings, separated from supra-antennal plates by obtuse notches, with raised transverse field at middle, separated from frons by broad flat transverse furrow. Frons with two raised paramedian carinae, joining anteriorly into a V-like keel, keel tubercle-like increasing anteriorly, with two small glossy teeth bilaterally anterior to central keel, with a short parallel running carina at each side paralaterally at base; frons separated from supraorbital plates by flattened broad furrows; with conspicuously deep and broad pit at front-eye level; supra-antennal and supraorbital plates margined, margin of supraorbital plate distinctly raised, carina-like, with indistinct tubercle anterior hind angle; supra-antennal plates vaulted. Basal border with broad emargination at middle, angled laterally (angle around 122°). Eyes large, convex, genae flattened, parts of eyes visible from above, with indistinct triangle shape in lateral view. Antenna with segments five to ten elongate (L/W 1.24), densely pubescent, segments two to four scarcely pubescent, scapus with sub-elongate reticulation. Labrum like a flat triangle anteriorly. Mandible moderately short, wide, slightly arcuate at apex. Mentum small, ovoid, without tooth, with isodiametric reticulation; epilobes wide, projecting and angled anteriorly, margined anteriorly and slightly medially, surface covered with small pits.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pronotum</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 26–35" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 26 - 35. Salcedia species, pronotum, dorsal view 26 S. perrieri Fairmaire 27 S. unifoveata sp. nov. 28 S. faillei sp. nov. 29 S. coquilhati Alluaud 30 S. elongata Alluaud 31 S. africana (Britton) 32 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 33 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 34 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 35 S. matsumotoi sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures26-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370611" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">35</figureCitation>
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): Outline rectangular, transverse, somewhat smaller than a quarter wider than long. Lateral margin slightly and regularly convex, maximum width at middle. Lateral margin distinctly crenulated, with 13 tubercles, tubercle anterior basal angle slightly more prominent, with two notches at posterior angles. Base straight laterally, with declining flat keel at middle pointing posteriorly. Disc convex in lateral view, with two distinctly raised paramedian carinae parallel to median line and distinctly diverging posteriorly, with slight transverse notches, with median line long, broad anteriorly and narrow posteriorly, with two additional carinae bilaterally at base, joining with the paramedian carinae and forming tooth-like tubercle at base pointing posteriorly, with distinct anterior extension, with inner lateral carina of irregular structure, with outer lateral carinae becoming indistinct anteriorly. All carinae sub-crenulate. Lateral margin broadly wing-like bent up, with six large and deep transverse pits, the basal ones partly separated into two smaller pits. Space between carinae and pits smooth.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Elytron:</emphasis>
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Indistinctly depressed in anterior third (lateral view), convex in frontal view. Elongate, slightly and regularly convex laterally, maximum width at middle. Pseudohumerus obtuse-angular (angle 114°), with projecting tooth. Apex rounded, with small but acute tooth at suture. Disc with interneur six sub-crenulate, interneur two running up to apex as indistinctly convex line, distinctly raised, reaching apex; interneur four running at middle in parallel to interneur six, nearly reaching base, shortened at apex. Interneur five and six with two rows of serial pits distinctly merging transversally.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hind wings:</emphasis>
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Fully developed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lower surface:</emphasis>
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Antennal channel of pronotum with isodiametric reticulation. Pseudoepipleura with a row of indistinct pits, transverse apically, lateral margin of elytron indistinctly sub-crenulate. Metepisternum elongate, with moderately narrow longitudinal groove. Metasternum, abdominal sternites with numerous irregularly situated larger pits, sternite one and two with longitudinal reticulation. Last abdominal sternite laterally with irregular reticulation. Sternum four to six slightly sulcate. Last sternite with longitudinal flat keel laterally and at middle, apex somewhat hollowed out and with isodiametric reticulation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Legs:</emphasis>
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Profemora with surface indistinctly reticulated. Protibia with robust, slightly curved terminal spine, laterally with five teeth of decreasing size, the basal one with some distance from the others, dorsally and ventrally with two carinae. First tarsomeres distinctly elongated, as long as tarsomeres two to four together.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">External sexual dimorphism:</emphasis>
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Not observed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male genitalia</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 58–63" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 58 - 63. Salcedia species, male genitalia, dorsal view of aedeagus (a) and parameres (b, c), lateral view (d). Small sketches in black symbolising the apex in cross section 58 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 59 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 60 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 61 S. matsumotoi sp. nov. 62 S. procera sp. nov. 63 S. baroensis sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures58-63" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370615" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">61</figureCitation>
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): Median lobe long, slender, in dorsal view more evidently curved at end of basal third and in apical quarter, in lateral view nearly straight, with few scattered fine pili, apical part elongated, somewhat distorted, in cross section spoon-like dorsally. Oroficium small. Endophallus with three groups of microtrichia, two near oroficium and one basally. Dorsal paramere of moderate size, slightly bisinuate, with small elongated apophyses; ventral one shaped like a longitudinal spatula, both parameres slightly distorted, both of them hyaline at apex.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Female genitalia</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 68–76" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 68 - 76. Salcedia species, female coxostyli (gonopod IX) and laterotergite IX (epipleutite IX) 68 S. perrieri Fairmaire 69 S. unifoveata sp. nov. 70 S. coquilhati Alluaud 71 S. elongata Alluaud 72 S. africana (Britton) 73 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 74 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 75 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 76 S. matsumotoi sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures68-76" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370617" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">76</figureCitation>
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): Coxostylus slender, gently broadened to base, distinctly curved, acute at apex, apex somewhat rounded, with seven setae in basal half, one of them larger; SSO near apex with one microtrichium.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Variation:</emphasis>
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On the pronotum the notches on the paramedian carinae show variability in the distinctness. The outer one of the three lateral carinae is becoming indistinct anteriorly to a different degree.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The species is dedicated to Keita Matsumoto (BMNH) who supported especially this work by intensive searching for
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1899" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Salcedia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salcedia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Salcedia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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specimens among the huge West African material in the BMNH.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 84. Map of tropical Africa providing an overview of the occurrence of all African Salcedia species described to date (recorded localities plotted). 1 (black S. perrieri Fairmaire; 2 (white) S. unifoveata sp. nov.; 3 (black circle) S. faillei sp. nov.; 4 (red) S. coquilhati Alluaud; 5 (yellow) S. elongata Alluaud; 6 (blue) S. africana (Britton); 7 (orange) S. utetea sp. nov.; 8 (grey) S. procera sp. nov.; 9 (light green) S. robusta sp. nov.; 10 (turquoise) S. schoutedeni Alluaud; 11 (purple) S. lukulua sp. nov.; 12 (dark green) S. tuberculata sp. nov.; 13 (brown) S. baroensis sp. nov.; 14 (light blue) S. nigeriensis Alluaud; 16 (dark blue) S. putzeysi (Oberthuer); 17 (black) S. matsumotoi sp. nov.;? in a circle (twice): collection locality of a single female Salcedia specimen of uncertain species. Basic schematic map of Africa taken from SimpleMappr. net." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figure84" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370619" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">84</figureCitation>
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). Known from Denguele in the north-west of the Ivory Coast.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |