plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/6C/11/A2/6C11A24840EC5A71A617DAB8DD4E63FE.xml
maintenance e780caaac9 added 6C
2024-06-21 12:39:31 +02:00

857 lines
66 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.75.10328" ID-PMC="PMC5234542" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-75-119" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFB0FF88FFDD7A2CFF9DFFEFF95F165B" ID-PubMed="28127249" ID-Zenodo-Dep="198632" ModsDocID="1314-2003-75-119" checkinTime="1481347998995" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="de Lange, Peter J., Smissen, Rob D., Rolfe, Jeremy R. &amp; Ogle, Colin C." docDate="2016" docId="6C11A24840EC5A71A617DAB8DD4E63FE" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 75: 119-144" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 75" docPubDate="2016-12-09" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.75.10328" docTitle="Simplicia laxa Kirk, T. N. Z. I. 29: 497, t. 44 1897" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FFB0FF88FFDD7A2CFF9DFFEFF95F165B" lastPageNumber="134" masterDocId="FFB0FF88FFDD7A2CFF9DFFEFF95F165B" masterDocTitle="Systematics of Simplicia Kirk (Poaceae, Agrostidinae) - an endemic, threatened New Zealand grass genus" masterLastPageNumber="144" masterPageNumber="119" pageNumber="130" updateTime="1668141877423" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Systematics of Simplicia Kirk (Poaceae, Agrostidinae) - an endemic, threatened New Zealand grass genus</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>de Lange, Peter J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Terrestrial Ecosystems, Science and Policy Group, Department of Conservation, Private Bag 68908. Auckland 1145, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Smissen, Rob D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Allan Herbarium, Landcare Research, P. O. Box 69, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rolfe, Jeremy R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Terrestrial Ecosystems, Science and Policy Group, National Office, Department of Conservation, P. O. Box 10420, Wellington 6143, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ogle, Colin C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>22 Forres Street, Whanganui, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2016-12-09</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>75</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>119</mods:start>
<mods:end>144</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.75.10328</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.75.10328</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-75-119</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFB0FF88FFDD7A2CFF9DFFEFF95F165B</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">198632</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182226417" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C11A24840EC5A71A617DAB8DD4E63FE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C11A24840EC5A71A617DAB8DD4E63FE" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="11" pageNumber="130">
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="130" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="130">
<taxonomicName LSID="6C11A248-40EC-5A71-A617-DAB8DD4E63FE" authority="Kirk, T. N. Z. I. 29: 497, t. 44 (1897)" authorityName="Kirk, T. N. Z. I. 29: 497, t. 44" authorityYear="1897" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia laxa" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">Simplicia laxa Kirk, T.N.Z.I. 29: 497, t.44 (1897)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="130" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="130">
<taxonomicName authority="Kirk var. laxa" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia laxa subsp. var. var. laxa" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="laxa" subSpecies="var." variety="laxa">≡ Simplicia laxa Kirk var. laxa</taxonomicName>
(autonym, Zotov T.R.S.N.Z. 73: 236 (1943))
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="130" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="130">
<typeStatus>Lectotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="130">
'
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="SP043017" collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" collectorName="Waikouaiti, Otago' D. Petrie" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<collectorName>Waikouaiti</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Otago’">Otago'</normalizedToken>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="130">D. Petrie s.n.</emphasis>
</collectorName>
, n.d. (WELT
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/SP043017">SP043017</accessionNumber>
!) (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="130">fide</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1971.10430200" author="Zotov, VD" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="21" pageNumber="140" pagination="539 - 544" refId="B22" refString="Zotov, VD, 1971. Simplicia T.Kirk (Gramineae). New Zealand Journal of Botany 9: 539 - 544, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1971.10430200" title="Simplicia T. Kirk (Gramineae)." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1971.10430200" volume="9" year="1971">Zotov 1971</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="130" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="130">Isolectotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="130">
'
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="SP043021" collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" collectorName="Waikouaiti, Otago, D" specimenCount="1">
<collectorName>Waikouaiti</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>
Otago,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="130">D.Petrie s.n.</emphasis>
</collectorName>
, n.d. (WELT
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/SP043021">SP043021</accessionNumber>
!) (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="130">fide</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1971.10430200" author="Zotov, VD" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="21" pageNumber="140" pagination="539 - 544" refId="B22" refString="Zotov, VD, 1971. Simplicia T.Kirk (Gramineae). New Zealand Journal of Botany 9: 539 - 544, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1971.10430200" title="Simplicia T. Kirk (Gramineae)." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1971.10430200" volume="9" year="1971">Zotov 1971</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="11" pageNumber="130" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="130">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="11" pageNumber="130">
<bibRefCitation author="Kirk, T" journalOrPublisher="Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute" pageId="21" pageNumber="140" publicationUrl="http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_29/rsnz_29_00_004370.html" refId="B13" refString="Kirk, T, 1897. Description of a new genus of Gramineae. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 29, 497 pp., http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_29/rsnz_29_00_004370.html" title="Description of a new genus of Gramineae." url="http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_29/rsnz_29_00_004370.html" volume="29" year="1897">Kirk (1897)</bibRefCitation>
did not explain the meaning of his species epithet '
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, T. N. Z. I. 29: 497, t. 44" authorityYear="1897" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="laxa" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="130">laxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
' though his intent is clear from his protologue where he describes the new species as
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="131" start="start">having</pageBreakToken>
'weak, decumbent,
<normalizedToken originalValue="flaccid’">flaccid'</normalizedToken>
culms. The epithet is derived from Latin '
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="131">laxus</emphasis>
' meaning 'loosely
<normalizedToken originalValue="arranged’">arranged'</normalizedToken>
as in 'wide,
<normalizedToken originalValue="loose’">loose'</normalizedToken>
structures or growth (
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, M" journalOrPublisher="Auckland Botanical Society Bulletin" pageId="21" pageNumber="140" refId="B19" refString="Taylor, M, 2002. Meanings and origins of Botanical Names of New Zealand Plants. Auckland Botanical Society Bulletin 26" title="Meanings and origins of Botanical Names of New Zealand Plants." volume="26" year="2002">Taylor 2002</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="132" pageId="12" pageNumber="131" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="131">Description</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="132" pageId="12" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="131">
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Simplicia laxa. A habitat, Emerald Stream, McCraes, North Otago, South Island, New Zealand (image D. A. Houston) B growth habit and inflorescence C culm, leaf base, sheath and ligule D spikelet showing reduced glumes and lemma. (Photo credit images C and D: K. Ford, Allan Herbarium, Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua)" figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.75.10328.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/114297" pageId="12" pageNumber="131">6</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Plants trailing forming thick sprawling mats or diffuse interconnected patches up to 0.6 m across. Culms 0.40-0.80 m long, green to pale-
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="132" start="start">green</pageBreakToken>
when fresh, wiry, decumbent, with the apices weakly erect, culm internodes 4-8, elongated, sparsely (sometimes densely) hairy, or glabrous; hairs weakly flexuous, patent up 0.18 mm long; internodes usually shorter than subtending leaf-sheaths. Culm-nodes conspicuously swollen when fresh, maroon-black to black (0.13-)0.18-0.30 mm long, rooting freely on contact with ground. Basal leaf-sheaths glossy light brown to amber, membranous, ribbed, abaxially (often copiously) pubescent on ribs (and usually on interstices), hairs 0.20-0.25(-0.30) mm long, patent to retrorse; mid stem and upper leaf-sheaths pale-green to green, membranous, ribbed, abaxially pubescent on ribs (and sometimes on interstices), hairs copious, 0.35-0.40 mm long patent, mostly straight, sometimes curved or weakly flexuous. Ligule 2.8-3.5(-10) mm, membranous, lanceolate, apex erose to very deeply lacerate; abaxially sparsely to copiously hairy; hairs 0.20-0.24 mm long. Leaf-blade (100-)160(-200)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(2.8-)3.0(-3.6) mm, green to dark green, flat, linear-lanceolate, finely ribbed; adaxial ribs finely pubescent, abaxially glabrous (sometimes sparsely hairy at leaf base; margins
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
smooth, sometimes irregularly finely scabrid and sparsely hairy. Panicle (40-)100(-150) mm long, linear to
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
pyramidal, usually with basal branch or branch pair reflexed (often unevenly so); rachis glabrous, branches (20-)40(-60) mm long, finely, antrorsely hairy (hairs 0.20-0.25 mm long), binate, initially contracted but as inflorescences mature, spreading to reflexed, devoid of spikelets in lower half; pedicels appressed to branchlets, 1.00-1.06 mm long, finely pubescent. Spikelets 2.8-3.2 mm, 1-flowered, lanceolate, light green. Glumes pale green (
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
hyaline), glabrous, broadly ovate-lanceolate to ovate, acute, 1-nerved, nerve extending beyond apex as a minute mucro, lower glume margins entire (sometimes with apex erose), ciliate towards apex, upper glume margins usually erose (sometimes subentire), ciliate; lower glume 0.5-0.8 mm, upper glume 0.75-1.0(-1.2) mm. Lemma 2.8-3.2(-3.4) mm, light green to grey-green (sometimes purple-green),
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
evenly, densely pubescent, lanceolate, acute, apex mucronate (mucro 0.10-0.25 mm long), 3(-5)-nerved (nerves obscured by hairs); lemma hairs antrorse appressed, sericeous, 0.12-0.13 mm long. Palea 2.4-2.8 mm, lanceolate, pale green to green, pubescent, 1-2-nerved, (nerves obscured by hairs). Rachilla prolongation 1.25-1.30 mm, narrowly lanceolate, hyaline, margins minutely ciliate. Stamens 3. Filaments 0.20-0.25 mm long, hyaline. Anthers 0.30-0.45 mm, yellow. Ovary narrowly ovoid to weakly trigonous 1.0-1.25 mm long, dark green,
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
glabrous (basal portion sometimes minutely ciliate); styles apical, 1.10-1.25 mm, hyaline; stigmas plumose, white. Caryopsis 1.4-1.5 mm long, laterally compressed, orange-brown when mature. Chromosome number: 2
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">n</emphasis>
= 28 (
<bibRefCitation DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1971.10430200" author="Zotov, VD" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="21" pageNumber="140" pagination="539 - 544" refId="B22" refString="Zotov, VD, 1971. Simplicia T.Kirk (Gramineae). New Zealand Journal of Botany 9: 539 - 544, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1971.10430200" title="Simplicia T. Kirk (Gramineae)." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1971.10430200" volume="9" year="1971">Zotov 1971</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">I.M. Ritchie s.n.</emphasis>
, CHR 202752)
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="986144" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.75.10328.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/114297" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Figure 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, T. N. Z. I. 29: 497, t. 44" authorityYear="1897" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia laxa" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Simplicia laxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">A</emphasis>
habitat, Emerald Stream, McCraes, North Otago, South Island, New Zealand (image D.A. Houston)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">B</emphasis>
growth habit and inflorescence
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">C</emphasis>
culm, leaf base, sheath and ligule
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">D</emphasis>
spikelet showing reduced glumes and lemma. (Photo credit images
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">C</emphasis>
and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">D</emphasis>
: K. Ford, Allan Herbarium, Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua)
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="13" pageNumber="132" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="132">Specimens seen.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="AK 252968" collectingDate="1985-01-22" collectingDateMax="2000-12-06" collectingDateMin="1985-01-22" collectorName="P. Wardle, P. J. de Lange" county="Honeycomb Cave" location="Karamea" municipality="Kahurangi National Park" specimenCount="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C11A24840EC5A71A617DAB8DD4E63FE:72F4E02949EEC0C66260661E3DEA0BF5" county="Honeycomb Cave" municipality="Kahurangi National Park" name="Karamea">Karamea</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C11A24840EC5A71A617DAB8DD4E63FE:79FDD27598194F9E11EC60E652E296CE" county="Honeycomb Cave" municipality="Kahurangi National Park" name="Honeycomb Cave">Honeycomb Cave</location>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">
<collectorName>P. Wardle</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
,
<collectingDate value="1985-01-22">22 Jan 1985</collectingDate>
, CHR 489550;
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C11A24840EC5A71A617DAB8DD4E63FE:7A22DAE9A1D9F166652F82F79F442271" county="Honeycomb Cave" municipality="Kahurangi National Park" name="Karamea Ecological District">Karamea Ecological District</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C11A24840EC5A71A617DAB8DD4E63FE:7C804410ED2F14BB80E70C565BB6A7DA" county="Honeycomb Cave" municipality="Kahurangi National Park" name="Karamea">Karamea</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Kahurangi National Park</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty>Honeycomb Cave</collectingCounty>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">
<collectorName>P.J. de Lange</collectorName>
4774
</emphasis>
,
<collectingDate value="2000-12-06">6 Dec 2000</collectingDate>
,
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/AK252968">AK 252968</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="SP010498" collectingDate="1877-02" collectorName="Otago, Deep Stream Hotel, Rock, Pillar Road, D, Petrie" county="Taieri County" location="Taieri County" specimenCount="1">
<collectorName>Otago</collectorName>
,
<collectingCounty>Taieri County</collectingCounty>
, near
<collectorName>Deep Stream Hotel</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>Rock</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>
Pillar Road,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">
D.
<collectorName>Petrie</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
</collectorName>
,
<collectingDate value="1877-02">Feb 1877</collectingDate>
, WELT
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/SP010498">SP010498</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="SP043018" collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" specimenCount="1">
WELT
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/SP043018">SP043018</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="SP043020" collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" specimenCount="1">
WELT
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/SP043020">SP043020</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="SP043020" collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" specimenCount="1">
A, WELT
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/SP043020">SP043020</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="SP043020" collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" specimenCount="1">
B, WELT
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/SP043020">SP043020</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="SP069211" collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" specimenCount="1">
C, WELT
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/SP069211">SP069211</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="AK 304848" collectingDate="2008-01-18" collectorName="Old Man Range, Castle Rock Summit, P. J. de Lange" country="US" location="Old Man Ecological District" municipality="Duplicate" specimenCount="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C11A24840EC5A71A617DAB8DD4E63FE:A495222B252912B69E424BA896154726" country="US" municipality="Duplicate" name="Old Man Ecological District">Old Man Ecological District</location>
,
<collectorName>Old Man Range</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>Castle Rock Summit</collectorName>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">
<collectorName>P.J. de Lange</collectorName>
7859
</emphasis>
,
<collectingDate value="2008-01-18">18 Jan 2008</collectingDate>
,
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/AK304848">AK 304848</accessionNumber>
(
<collectingMunicipality>Duplicate</collectingMunicipality>
:
<collectingCountry name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="AK 304847" collectingDate="2008-01-18" collectorName="Old Man Range, Castle Rock Summit, Lange" country="United States of America" location="Old Man Ecological District" specimenCount="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C11A24840EC5A71A617DAB8DD4E63FE:5D8AF253C2FDBBA9391092FCA64AC18F" country="United States of America" name="Old Man Ecological District">Old Man Ecological District</location>
,
<collectorName>Old Man Range</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>Castle Rock Summit</collectorName>
(south side),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="132">
P.J. de
<collectorName>Lange</collectorName>
7858
</emphasis>
,
<collectingDate value="2008-01-18">18 Jan 2008</collectingDate>
,
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/AK304847">
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="133" start="start">AK</pageBreakToken>
304847
</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="AK 301580" collectingDate="2008-01-15" collectorName="Nenthorn, Deighton Stream, John's Cave', P. J., Lange, Thorsen" country="United States of America" location="Macraes Ecological District" specimenCount="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C11A24840EC5A71A617DAB8DD4E63FE:77C2BACE44C63E412B0AD1D126BD9A2F" country="United States of America" name="Macraes Ecological District">Macraes Ecological District</location>
,
<collectorName>Nenthorn</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>Deighton Stream</collectorName>
tributary,
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘John’s">
'
<collectorName>
John's
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cave’">Cave'</normalizedToken>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
P.J. de
<collectorName>Lange</collectorName>
7206 &amp; M.J.
<collectorName>Thorsen</collectorName>
</emphasis>
</collectorName>
</normalizedToken>
,
<collectingDate value="2008-01-15">15 Jan 2008</collectingDate>
,
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/AK301580">AK 301580</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="AK 304808" collectingDate="2008-01-15" collectorName="Nenthorn, Upper Emerald Stream, P. J., Lange, Thorsen" country="United States of America" location="Macraes Ecological District" specimenCount="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C11A24840EC5A71A617DAB8DD4E63FE:7865CB8C3C894BBC34A6A2BA231C878E" country="United States of America" name="Macraes Ecological District">Macraes Ecological District</location>
,
<collectorName>Nenthorn</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>
Upper Emerald Stream,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
P.J. de
<collectorName>Lange</collectorName>
7835 &amp; M.J.
<collectorName>Thorsen</collectorName>
</emphasis>
</collectorName>
,
<collectingDate value="2008-01-15">15 Jan 2008</collectingDate>
,
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/AK304808">AK 304808</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="AK 304809" collectingDate="2008-01-15" collectorName="Nenthorn, Upper Emerald Stream, P. J., Lange, Thorsen" country="United States of America" location="Macraes Ecological District" specimenCount="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C11A24840EC5A71A617DAB8DD4E63FE:B2BDDA38BBAFD3DC8955333F3A9EE929" country="United States of America" name="Macraes Ecological District">Macraes Ecological District</location>
,
<collectorName>Nenthorn</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>
Upper Emerald Stream,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
P.J. de
<collectorName>Lange</collectorName>
7836 &amp; M.J.
<collectorName>Thorsen</collectorName>
</emphasis>
</collectorName>
,
<collectingDate value="2008-01-15">15 Jan 2008</collectingDate>
,
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/AK304809">AK 304809</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="AK 304845" collectingDate="2008-01-15" collectorName="Emerald Stream, Old Otagense, P. J. de Lange, M. J. Thorsen" country="US" county="Duplicate" location="Macraes Ecological District" municipality="Nenthorn" specimenCount="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C11A24840EC5A71A617DAB8DD4E63FE:88F706B3E24BB01A08298567F0D44E59" country="US" county="Duplicate" municipality="Nenthorn" name="Macraes Ecological District">Macraes Ecological District</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Nenthorn</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectorName>Emerald Stream</collectorName>
, '
<collectorName>Old Otagense</collectorName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="site’">site'</normalizedToken>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
<collectorName>P.J. de Lange</collectorName>
7856 &amp;
<collectorName>M.J. Thorsen</collectorName>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingDate value="2008-01-15">15 Jan 2008</collectingDate>
,
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/AK304845">AK 304845</accessionNumber>
(
<collectingCounty>Duplicate</collectingCounty>
:
<collectingCountry name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="AK 288071" collectingDate="1994-11-26" collectingDateMax="2007-05-14" collectingDateMin="1994-11-26" collectorName="O'Clock Stream, M. J, Thorsen, Loh, Ex. Cult., Karamea Ecological District, Karamea, Kahurangi National Park, Honeycomb Cave, P. J., Lange" country="Nevis" county="Duplicate" location="Summerhills Station" municipality="Barn Creek" specimenCount="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C11A24840EC5A71A617DAB8DD4E63FE:B6F7DEC55168F4EC27576E786718ADF9" country="Nevis" county="Duplicate" municipality="Barn Creek" name="Summerhills Station">Summerhills Station</location>
, 3
<collectorName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Clock">O'Clock</normalizedToken>
Stream,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
M.J.
<collectorName>Thorsen</collectorName>
100/07
</emphasis>
</collectorName>
,
<collectingDate value="2007-05-14">14 May 2007</collectingDate>
, CHR 591912;
<collectingCountry name="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Nevis</collectingCountry>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C11A24840EC5A71A617DAB8DD4E63FE:EB099EA6E90B2420E82947DDC42ED2B4" country="Nevis" county="Duplicate" municipality="Barn Creek" name="Valley">Valley</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Barn Creek</collectingMunicipality>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
G.
<collectorName>Loh</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
,
<collectingDate value="1994-11-26">26 Nov 1994</collectingDate>
, CHR 509148. CULTIVATED:
<collectorName>Ex. Cult.</collectorName>
,
<collectorName hasSafeAffix="true">Karamea Ecological District</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>Karamea</collectorName>
,
<collectorName hasSafeAffix="true">Kahurangi National Park</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>
Honeycomb Cave,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
P.J. de
<collectorName>Lange</collectorName>
6104
</emphasis>
</collectorName>
,
<collectingDate value="2004-09-03">3 Sep 2004</collectingDate>
,
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/AK288071">AK 288071</accessionNumber>
(
<collectingCounty>Duplicate</collectingCounty>
: HO)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="AK 295631" collectingDate="2006-03-30" collectorName="Nenthorn, Macraes, Emerald Stream, T Whitaker Falcon Site, M. J, Thorsen" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" location="Macraes Ecological District" specimenCount="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C11A24840EC5A71A617DAB8DD4E63FE:4BC80EBB17B57142F09D362C6C007773" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" name="Macraes Ecological District">Macraes Ecological District</location>
, north-east of
<collectorName>Nenthorn</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>Macraes</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>Emerald Stream</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>
T Whitaker Falcon Site,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
M.J.
<collectorName>Thorsen</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
</collectorName>
,
<collectingDate value="2006-03-30">30 Mar 2006</collectingDate>
,
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/AK295631">AK 295631</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1969-10-25" collectingDateMax="1970-12-31" collectingDateMin="1969-10-25" collectorName="Ex. Cult., Old Man Range, Castle Rock, Ritchie, V. D. Zotov" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" location="Central Otago" specimenCount="1">
<collectorName>Ex. Cult.</collectorName>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C11A24840EC5A71A617DAB8DD4E63FE:257E3FA80D1F600D57C1F2D05CA60300" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" name="Central Otago">Central Otago</location>
,
<collectorName>Old Man Range</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>Castle Rock</collectorName>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
I.M.
<collectorName>Ritchie</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
,
<collectingDate value="1969-10-25">25 Oct 1969</collectingDate>
(grown on and harvested by
<collectorName>V.D. Zotov</collectorName>
on
<collectingDate value="1970-12-31">31 Dec 1970</collectingDate>
as G8128)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="133" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution of Simplicia species and showing locations discussed in text." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.75.10328.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/114287" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">1</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
As recircumscribed here
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, T. N. Z. I. 29: 497, t. 44" authorityYear="1897" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia laxa" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Simplicia laxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is now endemic to the South Island. Nevertheless, there are a few historical collections held in world herbaria that suggest that
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange, J. R. Rolfe, Smissen &amp; Ogle" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia felix" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="felix">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Simplicia felix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, T. N. Z. I. 29: 497, t. 44" authorityYear="1897" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia laxa" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Simplicia laxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
once grew sympatrically in the eastern Wairarapa.
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Trilepidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" pagination="1 - 11" publicationUrl="http://www.nzpcn.org.nz/publications/Trilepidea-152-160704.pdf" refId="B3" refString="de Lange, PJ, 2016. When labels get mixed - lessons to be learned from a study of the Thomas Kirk 'herbarium' and historical Simplicia collections. Trilepidea 152: 1 - 11, http://www.nzpcn.org.nz/publications/Trilepidea-152-160704.pdf" title="When labels get mixed - lessons to be learned from a study of the Thomas Kirk ' herbarium' and historical Simplicia collections." url="http://www.nzpcn.org.nz/publications/Trilepidea-152-160704.pdf" volume="152" year="2016">de Lange (2016)</bibRefCitation>
has shown that these herbarium specimens are the result of accidental mixing of unmounted Thomas Kirk, North Island (
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange, J. R. Rolfe, Smissen &amp; Ogle" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia felix" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="felix">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Simplicia felix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and Donald Petrie, South Island (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, T. N. Z. I. 29: 497, t. 44" authorityYear="1897" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia laxa" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Simplicia laxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) specimens, and mislabelling by Thomas Cheeseman and, possibly, Victor Zotov, rather than genuine North Island wild occurrences of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, T. N. Z. I. 29: 497, t. 44" authorityYear="1897" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia laxa" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Simplicia laxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, T. N. Z. I. 29: 497, t. 44" authorityYear="1897" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia laxa" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Simplicia laxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently known from one site near Karamea, North-West Nelson (Honeycomb Cave) and otherwise from 10 sites in Northern and Central Otago (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2010.525244" author="Smissen, RD" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="21" pageNumber="140" pagination="187 - 199" refId="B17" refString="Smissen, RD, de Lange, PJ, Thorsen, MJ, Ogle, CC, 2011. Species delimitation and genetic variation in the rare New Zealand endemic grass Simplicia. New Zealand Journal of Botany 49: 187 - 199, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2010.525244" title="Species delimitation and genetic variation in the rare New Zealand endemic grass Simplicia." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2010.525244" volume="49" year="2011">Smissen et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
). This disjunct distribution is unlikely to be natural, however, it more likely reflects the loss of interconnecting habitat as well as the difficulty of recognising this species in the field.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" type="recognition">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Recognition.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2010.525244" author="Smissen, RD" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="21" pageNumber="140" pagination="187 - 199" refId="B17" refString="Smissen, RD, de Lange, PJ, Thorsen, MJ, Ogle, CC, 2011. Species delimitation and genetic variation in the rare New Zealand endemic grass Simplicia. New Zealand Journal of Botany 49: 187 - 199, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2010.525244" title="Species delimitation and genetic variation in the rare New Zealand endemic grass Simplicia." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2010.525244" volume="49" year="2011">Smissen et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
showed that
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, T. N. Z. I. 29: 497, t. 44" authorityYear="1897" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia laxa" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Simplicia laxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more closely related to
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange, J. R. Rolfe, Smissen &amp; Ogle" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia felix" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="felix">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Simplicia felix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than it is to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zotov, New Zealand J. Bot. 9: 542" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Zotov" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia buchananii" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="buchananii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Simplicia buchananii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. From
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange, J. R. Rolfe, Smissen &amp; Ogle" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia felix" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="felix">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Simplicia felix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, T. N. Z. I. 29: 497, t. 44" authorityYear="1897" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia laxa" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Simplicia laxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished by the culm internodes which are shorter than the subtending leaf sheaths and usually hairy (sometimes glabrous); and by the less strongly ribbed, glossy light brown to amber basal sheaths, whose ribs are pubescent (hairs 0.20-0.30 mm long). The mid-stem and upper-stem leaf sheaths of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, T. N. Z. I. 29: 497, t. 44" authorityYear="1897" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia laxa" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Simplicia laxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are less prominently ribbed than those of
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange, J. R. Rolfe, Smissen &amp; Ogle" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia felix" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="felix">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Simplicia felix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the ribs and, usually the interstices are hairy. The adaxial leaf surface ribs of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, T. N. Z. I. 29: 497, t. 44" authorityYear="1897" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia laxa" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Simplicia laxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are hairy (abaxially glabrous), while the leaf margin is mostly smooth, though sometimes irregularly hairy or finely scabrid. The leaves of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, T. N. Z. I. 29: 497, t. 44" authorityYear="1897" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia laxa" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Simplicia laxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are also wider than those of
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange, J. R. Rolfe, Smissen &amp; Ogle" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia felix" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="felix">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Simplicia felix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2.8-3.6 mm wide cf. 1.0-3.0 mm wide in
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange, J. R. Rolfe, Smissen &amp; Ogle" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia felix" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="felix">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Simplicia felix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). However, in cultivation the leaves of both species can get up to 4.0 mm wide. Although the inflorescences of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, T. N. Z. I. 29: 497, t. 44" authorityYear="1897" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia laxa" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Simplicia laxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange, J. R. Rolfe, Smissen &amp; Ogle" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia felix" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="felix">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Simplicia felix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are similar, those of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, T. N. Z. I. 29: 497, t. 44" authorityYear="1897" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia laxa" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Simplicia laxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are larger (up to 150 mm rather than 80 mm long), and the branches are antrorsely hairy rather than scabrid. Although the lemma of both species overlap in range, those of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, T. N. Z. I. 29: 497, t. 44" authorityYear="1897" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia laxa" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Simplicia laxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are longer (2.8-3.4 mm long) than those of
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange, J. R. Rolfe, Smissen &amp; Ogle" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia felix" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="felix">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Simplicia felix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2.0-3.0 mm long) and minutely pubescent rather than scabrid. The rachilla prolongation of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, T. N. Z. I. 29: 497, t. 44" authorityYear="1897" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia laxa" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Simplicia laxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is narrowly lanceolate, 1.25-1.30 mm long and with the margins minutely ciliate, while that of
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange, J. R. Rolfe, Smissen &amp; Ogle" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia felix" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="felix">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Simplicia felix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is filiform, 0.8 mm long; bearing sparse cilia only near the apex. Other differences are given in Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Distinguishing features of Simplicia species based on wild collected material." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4B4BA5EDA1D99DC1C57DD7CA5E394415" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" tableUuid="4B4BA5EDA1D99DC1C57DD7CA5E394415">2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="4B4BA5EDA1D99DC1C57DD7CA5E394415" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4B4BA5EDA1D99DC1C57DD7CA5E394415" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Table 2.</emphasis>
Distinguishing features of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, T. P. N. Z. I. 29: 497" authorityYear="1897" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Simplicia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species based on wild collected material.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
<table pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">-</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zotov, New Zealand J. Bot. 9: 542" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Zotov" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia buchananii" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="buchananii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Simplicia buchananii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, T. N. Z. I. 29: 497, t. 44" authorityYear="1897" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia laxa" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Simplicia laxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange, J. R. Rolfe, Smissen &amp; Ogle" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia felix" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="felix">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Simplicia felix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Growth habit</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Tufted, erect. culms up to 1 m tall</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Decumbent, culms sprawling, forming mats up to 0.6 m diameter</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Decumbent, sprawling, forming mats up to 1 m diameter</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Culm internodes</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">
Glabrous,
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
equal in length to subtending leaf sheaths
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Hairy or glabrous, &lt;subtending leaf-sheaths. Hairs if present up to 0.18 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Glabrous,&gt; subtending leaf-sheaths</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Culm nodes</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Glossy orange-brown to dark red-brown</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Glossy maroon-black to black</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Glossy dark brown-green to brown-black</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Basal leaf sheaths</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Strongly ribbed, stramineous or dull brown, glabrous or with ribs scabrid (very rarely finely pubescent). Hairs (if present) 0.06-0.08 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">
Finely (
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘weakly’">'weakly'</normalizedToken>
) ribbed, glossy light brown to amber, ribs pubescent. Hairs 0.20-0.30 mm long
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Strongly ribbed, dull dark brown, ribs glabrous or pubescent. Hairs (if present) 0.10-0.15 mm long</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Mid-stem and upper-stem leaf sheaths</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Strongly ribbed. Glabrous</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Hairy. Hairs copious, 0.35-0.40 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Strongly ribbed. Usually glabrous, occasionally ribs finely short pubescent towards sheath apex</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Ligule</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Glabrous</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Sparsely to copiously hairy. Hairs 0.20-0.24 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Glabrous or with both surfaces finely hairy. Hairs 0.15-0.18 mm long</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Leaf-blade</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">1.8-4.0 mm wide. Adaxially finely scabrid, abaxially glabrous, margins smooth. Apex acuminate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">
2.8-3.6 mm wide. Adaxially with hairy ribs, abaxially glabrous; margins
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
smooth, sometimes, finely scabrid and/or sparsely hairy. Apex acute
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">1.0-3.0 mm wide. Ribs (both surfaces) smooth or finely scabrid; margins smooth or finely scabrid. Apex acute</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Inflorescence</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Paniculate, linear up to 180 mm long. Branches glabrous, erect, appressed to rachis, bearing spikelets almost to base.</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">
Paniculate, linear to
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
pyramidal, up to 150 mm long. Branches antrorsely hairy, basal branches (or branch) reflexed, others weakly appressed to rachis, lower half of branch devoid of spikelets
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">
Paniculate, linear to
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
pyramidal, up to 80 mm long. Branches scabrid, basal branches (or branch) reflexed, others weakly appressed to rachis, lower
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
to ⅔ or branch devoid of spikelets
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Pedicels</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Glabrous, 0.60-1.2 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Pubescent, 1.00-1.06 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Pubescent 0.20-0.30 mm long</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Glumes</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Lower glume 0.3-1.0 mm long, upper glume 1.0-1.6 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Lower glume 0.5-0.8 mm long, upper glume 0.75-1.2 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Lower glume 0.5-0.6 mm long, upper glume 0.75-0.9 mm long</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Lemma</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">2.6-3.0 mm long, scabrid</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">2.8-3.4 mm long, pubescent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">2.0-3.0 mm long, minutely scabrid</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Rhacilla prolongation</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">0.3-0.5 mm long, filiform, glabrous</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">1.25-1.30 mm long, narrowly lanceolate, margins minutely ciliate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">0.8 mm long, filiform, glabrous except for sparse cilia cresting apex</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Anther filaments</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">0.3 mm long,</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">0.20-0.25 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">0.6-0.9 mm long</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">Anthers</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">0.7-1.5 mm long,</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">0.30-0.45 mm long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" rowspan="1">1.0-1.2 mm long</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="134" start="start">Because</pageBreakToken>
of the lax, decumbent trailing growth habit, and loose linear to pyramidal inflorescences
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, T. N. Z. I. 29: 497, t. 44" authorityYear="1897" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia laxa" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Simplicia laxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguished in the field from the shortly tufted
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zotov, New Zealand J. Bot. 9: 542" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Zotov" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia buchananii" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="buchananii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Simplicia buchananii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
whose inflorescences are erect and whose inflorescence branches are held tightly appressed to the rhacis (
<bibRefCitation DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1971.10430200" author="Zotov, VD" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="21" pageNumber="140" pagination="539 - 544" refId="B22" refString="Zotov, VD, 1971. Simplicia T.Kirk (Gramineae). New Zealand Journal of Botany 9: 539 - 544, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1971.10430200" title="Simplicia T. Kirk (Gramineae)." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1971.10430200" volume="9" year="1971">Zotov 1971</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Edgar, E" journalOrPublisher="Flora of New Zealand" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" refId="B8" refString="Edgar, E, Connor, HE, 2010. . Flora of New Zealand Vol. V" volume="Vol. V" year="2010">Edgar and Connor 2010</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, P" journalOrPublisher="Canterbury University Press, Christchurch" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" refId="B4" refString="de Lange, P, Heenan, P, Norton, D, Rolfe, J, Sawyer, J, 2010. Threatened plants of New Zealand. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch" title="Threatened plants of New Zealand" year="2010">de Lange et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
). Other differences are provided here in the key to the species and under Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Distinguishing features of Simplicia species based on wild collected material." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4B4BA5EDA1D99DC1C57DD7CA5E394415" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" tableUuid="4B4BA5EDA1D99DC1C57DD7CA5E394415">2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="134" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
Much of what has been written about
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, T. N. Z. I. 29: 497, t. 44" authorityYear="1897" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia laxa" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Simplicia laxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Johnson, PN" journalOrPublisher="Science for Conservation" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" publicationUrl="http://www.doc.govt.nz/Documents/science-and-technical/sfc015.pdf" refId="B12" refString="Johnson, PN, 1995. The rare grass Simplicia laxa: field status ecology and conservation. Science for Conservation 15, http://www.doc.govt.nz/Documents/science-and-technical/sfc015.pdf" title="The rare grass Simplicia laxa: field status ecology and conservation." url="http://www.doc.govt.nz/Documents/science-and-technical/sfc015.pdf" volume="15" year="1995">Johnson 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, P" journalOrPublisher="Canterbury University Press, Christchurch" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" refId="B4" refString="de Lange, P, Heenan, P, Norton, D, Rolfe, J, Sawyer, J, 2010. Threatened plants of New Zealand. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch" title="Threatened plants of New Zealand" year="2010">de Lange et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
) we now believe is based on observations made of remnant populations persisting in possibly suboptimal habitats (rock overhangs, rock crevices, river gorges) within locations that had once been forested. Nevertheless, the North-West Nelson, Honeycomb Cave population, which occurs in dense lowland forest, is still confined to a cave entrance and the species has yet to be found within the surrounding forest. It seems likely that
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, T. N. Z. I. 29: 497, t. 44" authorityYear="1897" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia laxa" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Simplicia laxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a species of deeply shaded habitats, which may, like
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange, J. R. Rolfe, Smissen &amp; Ogle" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia felix" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="felix">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Simplicia felix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also occur in forested situations. Further survey is needed. In the interim, all of the extant
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, T. N. Z. I. 29: 497, t. 44" authorityYear="1897" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia laxa" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Simplicia laxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations occur on base-rich substrates, chlorite schist and limestone, and in having this in common with the other two species it is unlikely that it will be found on less fertile substrates.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="134" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, T. N. Z. I. 29: 497, t. 44" authorityYear="1897" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia laxa" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Simplicia laxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was assessed as 'Threatened / Nationally
<normalizedToken originalValue="Critical’">Critical'</normalizedToken>
qualified
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘CD’">'CD'</normalizedToken>
(Conservation Dependent),
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Sp’">'Sp'</normalizedToken>
(Sparse) by de Lange et al. (2013). That assessment included plants described here as
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange, J. R. Rolfe, Smissen &amp; Ogle" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia felix" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="felix">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Simplicia felix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. With the recircumscription of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, T. N. Z. I. 29: 497, t. 44" authorityYear="1897" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia laxa" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Simplicia laxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the species remains appropriate assessed as 'Nationally
<normalizedToken originalValue="Critical’">Critical'</normalizedToken>
. Currently there are &lt;15 populations known, and several of these are in decline, and very few are substantial in size. Many occur on private land without direct conservation management or in places subject to ongoing habitat deterioration through invasive weed pressure and habitat loss. The qualifiers however need adjustment. Because the species is managed in a number of sites it is appropriate to retain the qualifier
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘CD’">'CD'</normalizedToken>
, as ceasing management would have a serious impact on the survival of the species. It is debatable whether
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, T. N. Z. I. 29: 497, t. 44" authorityYear="1897" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia laxa" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Simplicia laxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is truly biologically sparse. It is sparsely distributed but this is more likely an artefact of past habitat loss leaving highly fragmented, disjunct
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘remnant’">'remnant'</normalizedToken>
populations rather than any natural pattern of distribution or species biology. We recommend that
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Sp’">'Sp'</normalizedToken>
be removed from the conservation assessment for this species. The seemingly peculiar North-West Nelson, Honeycomb Cave outlier suggests that
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, T. N. Z. I. 29: 497, t. 44" authorityYear="1897" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Simplicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Simplicia laxa" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Simplicia laxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be looked for throughout the South Island rather than, as it currently has, only in the Central and Eastern Otago Region. Also, it is now evident that we lack trend data for the species, though the overall impression is that many populations are in decline. For these reasons, we recommend that the species be qualified
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘DP’">'DP'</normalizedToken>
(Data Poor) be added to the species conservation status.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink