plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/CA/87/03CA8792FFAAE2065506F9856E5EF83D.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

176 lines
25 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="51225F349744A39271B5BB8D5A9BBAFB" ID-DOI="10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025r0469:TRFTUC!2.0.CQ;2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="05d283a0-be09-4d7f-9665-d58c2f1dd17f" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3942751" IM.bibliography_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1586886761201" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Scott D. Sampson &amp; Mark A. Loewen" docDate="2005" docId="03CA8792FFAAE2065506F9856E5EF83D" docLanguage="en" docName="SampsonLoewen2005ABBYY.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25, No. 2" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn 1905" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="469" masterDocId="FFF3FFEAFFABE2045315FF876D0AFF87" masterDocTitle="Tyrannosaurus rex from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) North Horn Formation of Utah: biogeographic and paleoecologic implications" masterLastPageNumber="472" masterPageNumber="469" pageNumber="469" updateTime="1698737662544" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="0D0FF7E5D0D21C72D51D77D608DBF3E7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="E6DAAF7DDC1F00168B193CEF9855AD0A">
<mods:title id="CCD777C939B94B39025D6A9F624FD8C3">Tyrannosaurus rex from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) North Horn Formation of Utah: biogeographic and paleoecologic implications</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="AAF44072D4BA83E169B32A117CD5EB20" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A269EEB0825F65BF772EF6391CA50CE5">
<mods:roleTerm id="F6C6FD59CDB1597605228905D1E17A69">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6B16FBB542FBD8D0004027DB14E7E1B3">Scott D. Sampson</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B4EBCBAF6C02367B8151581C29D8EB57">Utah Museum of Natural History and Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, 1390 East Presidents Circle, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 - 0050, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BEA03253133EDBE6F4639ABDDABB39F2" type="email">ssampson@umnh.utah.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="AD1407B13184F434DE70EC2FE94C1449" type="personal">
<mods:role id="00A815851EEEA78829C26C1662CB9E6E">
<mods:roleTerm id="B4567E513CE47E00E0A8BE983179FE6E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F11358C454933E2BE5466F4160810963">Mark A. Loewen</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C6E9058A52419EDE847CDBC288851DF6">Utah Museum of Natural History and Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, 1390 East Presidents Circle, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 - 0050, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6067A7F5DB397099B93DF305C411A1AD" type="email">mloewen@umnh.utah.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="505E1416795476F794E163655C9B2E83">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="ED12772DBC4506D68826A8FF19E3DEBB" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="2741F990BE36A225380DCB65BED64CDA">
<mods:title id="EEB39B67EE61369220BA8036C844CE43">Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="013997F0E1AC588687F8D654F30626DE">
<mods:date id="F447AD102E76D01B282583CC687474C0">2005</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="6493BF740615120E8B8B6E97B13F5ACB" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="7A5B758553C2CACE47760ED7B80481AD">2010-08-02</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="5C4B8DE8A5E47620258ED73036455EBA" type="volume">
<mods:number id="BE21E8670BFC1A15D140E65DDF87D08B">25</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="737E725260ADA029CE41E32C7FC98960" type="numero">
<mods:number id="D28869E02C8EF3E254710A740B9B6FA4">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="BD57B6046BCE023C2CAE24B8517A151C" unit="page">
<mods:start id="5C3D62C405E0F1B2D15C4F889545259A">469</mods:start>
<mods:end id="EE71AC11B3A26EBDE4AD44D4DFE93641">472</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="99A7639865C1B51385F610BE369CAEB0">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="CCA5E825FA5012012E9AF4AB3E409DA5" type="DOI">10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025r0469:TRFTUC!2.0.CQ;2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9BD3577B35D3F8AA864B8C8608CD2AE3" type="GBIF-Dataset">05d283a0-be09-4d7f-9665-d58c2f1dd17f</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7A571DC4812964FF0DC42996EBD3007A" type="Zenodo-Dep">3942751</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03CA8792FFAAE2065506F9856E5EF83D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4572568" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163631327" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4572568" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA8792FFAAE2065506F9856E5EF83D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA8792FFAAE2065506F9856E5EF83D" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="469" pageId="1" pageNumber="469">
<subSubSection id="C379650FFFAAE2055506F9856560F9A5" box="[1555,2154,1538,1570]" pageId="1" pageNumber="469" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDC3684FFAAE2055506F9856560F9A5" blockId="1.[1554,2154,1538,1570]" box="[1555,2154,1538,1570]" pageId="1" pageNumber="469">
<heading id="D09481E8FFAAE2055506F9856560F9A5" box="[1555,2154,1538,1570]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="469" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C634D07FFAAE2055506F9856560F9A5" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1555,2154,1538,1570]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
<emphasis id="B917EA96FFAAE2055506F9856AABF9A5" box="[1555,1953,1538,1570]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="469">TYRANNOSAURUS REX</emphasis>
Osborn, 1905
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C379650FFFAAE20655D3F9DB6E5EF83D" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="470" pageId="1" pageNumber="469" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDC3684FFAAE20555D3F9DB6ABDF9FB" blockId="1.[1733,1975,1628,1660]" box="[1734,1975,1628,1660]" pageId="1" pageNumber="469">
<heading id="D09481E8FFAAE20555D3F9DB6ABDF9FB" allCaps="true" box="[1734,1975,1628,1660]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="469" reason="1">DESCRIPTION</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC3684FFAAE2055641F9256B7EF752" blockId="1.[1330,2381,1696,3131]" pageId="1" pageNumber="469">
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3CD9FFAAE2055641F9256502F96E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3046178301" collectingCountry="United States" collectingRegion="Utah" collectionCode="UMNH" formation="Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) North Horn Formation" pageId="1" pageNumber="469" preparations="approximately 17% of a tyrannosaurid skeleton, including cranial and postcranial materials" specimenCode="UMNH 11000">UMNH 11000 consists of approximately 17% of a tyrannosaurid skeleton, including cranial and postcranial materials</materialsCitation>
(
<figureCitation id="13582A01FFAAE2055B36F94E6571F96E" box="[2083,2171,1737,1769]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[233,371,1362,1394]" captionTargetBox="[283,2338,285,1333]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Skeletal restoration of UMNH 11000, Tyrannosaurus rex, with preserved elements highlighted. Right postorbital and squamosal of UMNH 11000 are shown separately in right lateral view. Abbreviations: co, cornual ossification; ltf, lateral temporal fenestra; o, orbit; PO, postorbital; qjp, quadratojugal process of squamosal; sp, suborbital process; SQ, squamosal. Scale bar equals 10 cm. B. Postorbitals and squamosals of various tyrannosaurids viewed in right lateral view: Gorgosaurus, TMP 91.36.500 (reflected and modified after Currie, 2003a); Albertosaurus, TMP 81.10.1 (reflected and modified after Currie 2003b); Daspletosaurus, combination of NMC 8506 and TMP 2001.36.1 (reflected and modified after Currie 2003b); Tarbosaurus, ZPAL MgD-1/4 (reflected and modified after Hurum and Sabath, 2003); Tyrannosaurus, FMNH PR 2081 (reflected and modified after Brochu, 2003) and UMNH VP 11000." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3942753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3942753/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="469">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). The cranial elements consist of a nearly complete right postorbital and squamosal (
<figureCitation id="13582A01FFAAE205562BF8926898F8B2" box="[1342,1426,1813,1845]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[233,371,1362,1394]" captionTargetBox="[283,2338,285,1333]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Skeletal restoration of UMNH 11000, Tyrannosaurus rex, with preserved elements highlighted. Right postorbital and squamosal of UMNH 11000 are shown separately in right lateral view. Abbreviations: co, cornual ossification; ltf, lateral temporal fenestra; o, orbit; PO, postorbital; qjp, quadratojugal process of squamosal; sp, suborbital process; SQ, squamosal. Scale bar equals 10 cm. B. Postorbitals and squamosals of various tyrannosaurids viewed in right lateral view: Gorgosaurus, TMP 91.36.500 (reflected and modified after Currie, 2003a); Albertosaurus, TMP 81.10.1 (reflected and modified after Currie 2003b); Daspletosaurus, combination of NMC 8506 and TMP 2001.36.1 (reflected and modified after Currie 2003b); Tarbosaurus, ZPAL MgD-1/4 (reflected and modified after Hurum and Sabath, 2003); Tyrannosaurus, FMNH PR 2081 (reflected and modified after Brochu, 2003) and UMNH VP 11000." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3942753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3942753/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="469">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). The axial column appears to be represented by cervical vertebrae 3 and 4, sacral vertebrae 2, 3, and 4, and a series of mid-caudal vertebrae, perhaps
<emphasis id="B917EA96FFAAE205555BF8E76B9AF807" box="[1614,1680,1888,1920]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="469">calO</emphasis>
, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16. Chevrons cranial to each of ca6, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 are present, along with a single mid-dorsal rib. The specimen includes several incomplete pelvic girdle elements, including part of the distal blade of the right ilium, the left pubic peduncle, and the proximal end of the left ischium. Hindlimb elements consist of left tibia, fibula, and astragalus. Elements of
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3CD9FFAAE2055B5DF7996419F7B9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2597661824" box="[2120,2323,2078,2110]" collectingCountry="United States" collectingRegion="Utah" collectionCode="UMNH" formation="North Horn formation" pageId="1" pageNumber="469" specimenCode="UMNH 11000">UMNH 11000</materialsCitation>
are within the size range of other large, more complete
<taxonomicName id="4C634D07FFAAE2055B0FF7C465E4F7E4" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[2074,2286,2115,2147]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EA96FFAAE2055B0FF7C465E4F7E4" box="[2074,2286,2115,2147]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="469">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens (e.g.,
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3CD9FFAAE20556F5F7EE6B7FF70E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2597661816" box="[1504,1653,2153,2185]" collectionCode="MOR" pageId="1" pageNumber="469" specimenCode="MOR 555">MOR 555</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3CD9FFAAE205559DF7EE6A10F70E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2597661819" box="[1672,1818,2153,2185]" collectionCode="BHI" pageId="1" pageNumber="469" specimenCode="BHI 3303">BHI 3033</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3CD9FFAAE2055439F7EE652CF70E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2597661820" box="[1836,2086,2153,2185]" collectionCode="FMNH" pageId="1" pageNumber="469" specimenCode="FMNH PR2081">FMNH PR 2081</materialsCitation>
). Some evidence of pathologic modification of bones is present in the fibula and four other unidentified elements.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC3684FFAAE2055641F75D6A69F4F9" blockId="1.[1330,2381,1696,3131]" pageId="1" pageNumber="469">
Despite the incomplete nature of
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3CD9FFAAE2055448F75D6539F77D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2597661812" box="[1885,2099,2266,2298]" collectingCountry="United States" collectingRegion="Utah" collectionCode="UMNH" formation="North Horn formation" pageId="1" pageNumber="469" specimenCode="UMNH 11000">UMNH 11000</materialsCitation>
, a combination of diagnostic features on its postorbital and squamosal provide strong evidence that this specimen represents
<emphasis id="B917EA96FFAAE205545BF6A1656BF6C1" box="[1870,2145,2342,2374]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="469">
<taxonomicName id="4C634D07FFAAE205545BF6A16557F6C1" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1870,2141,2342,2374]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">Tyrannosaurus rex</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The right postorbital is nearly complete, although the distal tip of the squamosal process was displaced and remained in articulation with the squamosal. As in other specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D07FFAAE2055593F6106A50F630" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1670,1882,2455,2487]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EA96FFAAE2055593F6106A50F630" box="[1670,1882,2455,2487]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="469">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3CD9FFAAE20554A8F6106558F630" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2597661823" box="[1981,2130,2455,2487]" collectionCode="MOR" pageId="1" pageNumber="469" specimenCode="MOR 555">MOR 555</materialsCitation>
, TMP 91.36.500,
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3CD9FFAAE2055626F63A68C3F65A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2597661821" box="[1331,1481,2493,2525]" collectionCode="BHI" pageId="1" pageNumber="469" specimenCode="BHI 3303">BHI 3033</materialsCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B75FFAAE20556CAF63A6BA0F65A" author="Brochu, C. A." box="[1503,1706,2493,2525]" firstAuthor="Brochu" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="1" pageNumber="469" pagination="l- 138" part="22" refId="ref3767" refString="Brochu, C. A. 2003. Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex \ insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomo- graphic analysis of the skull. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22 (4, Supplement): l- 138." title="Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex \ insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomo- graphic analysis of the skull" type="journal article" year="2003">Brochu, 2003</bibRefCitation>
), the caudal margin of the ventral ramus is nearly straight, forming an approximate right angle with the squamosal process. This condition contrasts with that of other tyrannosaurids (e.g., TMP 81.10.1,
<emphasis id="B917EA96FFAAE2055505F5AA6BE0F5CA" box="[1552,1770,2605,2637]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="469">Albertosaurus’,</emphasis>
TMP 94.143.1,
<emphasis id="B917EA96FFAAE20554F9F5AA65DDF5CA" box="[2028,2263,2605,2637]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="469">Daspletosaurus',</emphasis>
ZPAL MgD-1/4,
<emphasis id="B917EA96FFAAE20556DBF5D46B9FF5F4" box="[1486,1685,2643,2675]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="469">
<taxonomicName id="4C634D07FFAAE20556DBF5D46B8FF5F4" authorityName="Maleev" authorityYear="1955" box="[1486,1669,2643,2675]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tarbosaurus</taxonomicName>
),
</emphasis>
in which the ventral ramus tends to be more convex and angled rostrally. Similarly,
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3CD9FFAAE2055467F5FE654AF51E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2597661818" box="[1906,2112,2681,2713]" collectingCountry="United States" collectingRegion="Utah" collectionCode="UMNH" formation="North Horn formation" pageId="1" pageNumber="469" specimenCode="UMNH 11000">UMNH 11000</materialsCitation>
and specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D07FFAAE2055622F5186B01F538" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1335,1547,2719,2751]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EA96FFAAE2055622F5186B01F538" box="[1335,1547,2719,2751]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="469">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
share the presence of a subcircular postorbital process or “horn”—sometimes associated with a capping accessory ossification, here termed the “cornual boss” (
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3CD9FFAAE205543CF56D6ABAF48D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2597661825" box="[1833,1968,2794,2826]" collectionCode="BHI" pageId="1" pageNumber="469" specimenCode="BHI 3303">BHI3303</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3CD9FFAAE20554D0F56D6582F48D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396434301" box="[1989,2184,2794,2826]" collectionCode="AMNH" httpUri="http://research.amnh.org/paleontology/search.php?action=detail&amp;specimen_id=47761 " pageId="1" pageNumber="469" specimenCode="AMNH 5027">AMNH 5027</materialsCitation>
)—positioned caudodorsal to the orbit (
<figureCitation id="13582A01FFAAE20555BCF4966BF1F4B6" box="[1705,1787,2833,2865]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[233,371,1362,1394]" captionTargetBox="[283,2338,285,1333]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Skeletal restoration of UMNH 11000, Tyrannosaurus rex, with preserved elements highlighted. Right postorbital and squamosal of UMNH 11000 are shown separately in right lateral view. Abbreviations: co, cornual ossification; ltf, lateral temporal fenestra; o, orbit; PO, postorbital; qjp, quadratojugal process of squamosal; sp, suborbital process; SQ, squamosal. Scale bar equals 10 cm. B. Postorbitals and squamosals of various tyrannosaurids viewed in right lateral view: Gorgosaurus, TMP 91.36.500 (reflected and modified after Currie, 2003a); Albertosaurus, TMP 81.10.1 (reflected and modified after Currie 2003b); Daspletosaurus, combination of NMC 8506 and TMP 2001.36.1 (reflected and modified after Currie 2003b); Tarbosaurus, ZPAL MgD-1/4 (reflected and modified after Hurum and Sabath, 2003); Tyrannosaurus, FMNH PR 2081 (reflected and modified after Brochu, 2003) and UMNH VP 11000." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3942753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3942753/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="469">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). A presumably homologous postorbital projection occurs in other tyrannosaurids, but tends to be more elongate and complex in shape (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B75FFAAE205559FF4D96A5FF4F9" author="Currie, P. J." box="[1674,1877,2910,2942]" firstAuthor="Currie" journalOrPublisher="Acta Paleontologica Polonica" pageId="1" pageNumber="469" pagination="191 - 226" part="48" refId="ref4084" refString="Currie, P. J. 2003 a. Cranial anatomy of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. Acta Paleontologica Polonica 48 (2) 191 - 226." title="Cranial anatomy of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada" type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="a">Currie, 2003a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC3684FFAAE2065640F4056E5EF83D" blockId="1.[1330,2381,1696,3131]" lastBlockId="2.[235,1286,1721,1980]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="470" pageId="1" pageNumber="469">
The squamosal of
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3CD9FFAAE2055577F4056A24F425" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2597661814" box="[1634,1838,2946,2978]" collectingCountry="United States" collectingRegion="Utah" collectionCode="UMNH" formation="North Horn formation" pageId="1" pageNumber="469" specimenCode="UMNH 11000">UMNH 11000</materialsCitation>
is also indistinguishable from that of
<emphasis id="B917EA96FFAAE2055622F4206B1EF440" box="[1335,1556,2983,3015]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="469">
<taxonomicName id="4C634D07FFAAE2055622F4206B05F440" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1335,1551,2983,3015]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
possessing a relatively broad, elongate quadratojugal process (distalmost tip missing in
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3CD9FFAAE2055432F44A6AF1F46A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2597661817" box="[1831,2043,3021,3053]" collectingCountry="United States" collectingRegion="Utah" collectionCode="UMNH" formation="North Horn formation" pageId="1" pageNumber="469" specimenCode="UMNH 11000">UMNH 11000</materialsCitation>
), a deeply incised contact surface for the postorbital, and a broad pneumatic exacavation of the squamosal body.
<taxonomicName id="4C634D07FFAAE2055526F3906A04F3B0" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1587,1806,3095,3127]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EA96FFAAE2055526F3906A04F3B0" box="[1587,1806,3095,3127]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="469">Daspletosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also possesses a pneumatic excavation of the body, but this feature lacks the remarkable depth, or “inflated” condition, characteristic of
<emphasis id="B917EA96FFA9E2065169F9586E52F978" box="[636,856,1759,1791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="470">
<taxonomicName id="4C634D07FFA9E2065169F9586E5EF978" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[636,852,1759,1791]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="470" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Pneumatic excavation of the squamosal is also present in
<emphasis id="B917EA96FFA9E20651B1F8826E54F8A2" box="[676,862,1797,1829]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="470">
<taxonomicName id="4C634D07FFA9E20651B1F8826E53F8A2" authorityName="Maleev" authorityYear="1955" box="[676,857,1797,1829]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="470" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tarbosaurus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
but with a more restricted, circular foramen for passage of the air sac. The quadratojugal process is significantly broader and less curved than those of
<emphasis id="B917EA96FFA9E20650C9F8D76C6EF810" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="470">
<taxonomicName id="4C634D07FFA9E20650C9F8D7699DF8F7" box="[988,1175,1872,1904]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="470" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gorgosaurus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C634D07FFA9E20657B3F8C86C6EF810" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="470" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Albertosaurus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B917EA96FFA9E20652A1F8F16F92F811" box="[436,664,1910,1942]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="470">
<taxonomicName id="4C634D07FFA9E20652A1F8F16F99F811" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[436,659,1910,1942]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="470" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Daspletosaurus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
whereas it is longer than in
<taxonomicName id="4C634D07FFA9E2065747F8F36809F813" authorityName="Maleev" authorityYear="1955" box="[1106,1283,1908,1940]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="2" pageNumber="470" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EA96FFA9E2065747F8F36809F813" box="[1106,1283,1908,1940]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="470">Tarbosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B75FFA9E20653E2F81B6CB5F83C" author="Currie, P. J." box="[247,447,1947,1980]" firstAuthor="Currie" journalOrPublisher="Acta Paleontologica Polonica" pageId="2" pageNumber="470" pagination="191 - 226" part="48" refId="ref4084" refString="Currie, P. J. 2003 a. Cranial anatomy of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. Acta Paleontologica Polonica 48 (2) 191 - 226." title="Cranial anatomy of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada" type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="a">Currie, 2003a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B75FFA9E20652C4F81C6E4CF83D" author="Hurum, J. H. &amp; K. Sabath" box="[465,838,1946,1979]" firstAuthor="Hurum" journalOrPublisher="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica" pageId="2" pageNumber="470" pagination="161 - 190" part="48" refId="ref4584" refString="Hurum, J. H. and K. Sabath. 2003. Giant theropod dinosaurs from Asia and North America: The skulls of Tarbosaurus baatar and Tyran- nosaurus rex compared. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48: 161 - 190." title="Giant theropod dinosaurs from Asia and North America: The skulls of Tarbosaurus baatar and Tyran- nosaurus rex compared" type="journal article" year="2003">Hurum and Sabath, 2003</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink