1116 lines
128 KiB
XML
1116 lines
128 KiB
XML
<document id="A51254CC472157D78BB9E81001F6A10B" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.09.012" ID-ISSN="1873-3700" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10490681" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1704963802143" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Yu, Buzhu & Li, Weiqi" docDate="2014" docId="03C32752915DF46F1B0DCF9FFC2B0D56" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytochemistry.108.77-86.pdf" docOrigin="Phytochemistry 108" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.09.012" docStyle="DocumentStyle:9E596C34F4E94307D29315B03ACE1007.6:Phytochemistry.2014-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="9E596C34F4E94307D29315B03ACE1007" docStyleName="Phytochemistry.2014-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Thellungiella salsuginea" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="83" masterDocId="FFFA5F2A915CF4691828CF70FFBF0E79" masterDocTitle="Comparative profiling of membrane lipids during water stress in Thellungiella salsuginea and its relative Arabidopsis thaliana" masterLastPageNumber="86" masterPageNumber="77" pageNumber="78" updateTime="1705412314930" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:titleInfo id="473B6268060EA9A0A4C03D67C73CB903">
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<mods:title id="DCBFC1B2D59C603A03FC778BB77C0087">Comparative profiling of membrane lipids during water stress in Thellungiella salsuginea and its relative Arabidopsis thaliana</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2F1560DA3221E079C2ABC580BADAF50E">Yu, Buzhu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4203BE0EC6DF8E7B8DD8CBFC17D00080">Li, Weiqi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5BE6F9CF47A913BC18A64D057D482E54">Phytochemistry</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="792EC127561E44C8358DC38EEB51F475">
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<mods:date id="A20EE4E27E23964FBE75B9ED5A3B2DFA">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="61CF4C70FDEB8559BE950248E1E62D6B">2014-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="42D19F3086E161DCABD7376466C9C5F7">108</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="CCE5DD03DF6EB5F00F728CFAAF05705E" type="DOI">10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.09.012</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E741C507A2926F62D2ABD68810DE4CAD" type="ISSN">1873-3700</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C370C5CF915DF4681B0DCF9FFA1E0F7A" box="[805,1441,239,259]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD59644915DF4681B0DCF9FFA1E0F7A" blockId="1.[805,1441,239,259]" box="[805,1441,239,259]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<heading id="D09D2128915DF4681B0DCF9FFA1E0F7A" box="[805,1441,239,259]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681B0DCF9FFA1E0F7A" box="[805,1441,239,259]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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2.1.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681B66CF9FFC770F7A" ID-CoL="568D4" box="[846,968,239,259]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">T. salsuginea</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more tolerant of water stress than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681D11CF9FFA1E0F7A" box="[1337,1441,239,259]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">A. thaliana</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C370C5CF915DF46F1B6CCE58FC2B0D56" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD59644915DF4681B6CCE58FB150A68" blockId="1.[805,1475,295,1041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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||
Similarly sized three-week-old
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681CA6CE57FB440F42" box="[1166,1275,295,315]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681CA6CE57FB440F42" box="[1166,1275,295,315]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and five-week-old
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681B0DCE33FC220F2E" box="[805,925,323,343]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681B0DCE33FC220F2E" box="[805,925,323,343]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants were transferred to Hoagland’s solution that contained either 1%, 3%, 5%, or 7% (w/v) PEG to initiate different rates of water stress. After 3 days, plants that received the four different concentrations of PEG-treatment showed distinct responses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13518AC1915DF4681B05CEC3FCDD0FBF" box="[813,866,435,454]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[113,139,1775,1789]" captionTargetBox="[395,1224,1124,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-190@2.[393,1224,1124,1745]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Phenotypes of A. thaliana and T. salsuginea after 3 days of PEG treatment. A. thaliana and T. salsuginea were grown in a hydroponic system for about 3 and 5 weeks, respectively, and were then treated with different concentrations of PEG solution; the phenotypes were observed after 3 days of treatment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10490689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10490689/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Whereas the leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681C7ECEC2FB020FBF" box="[1110,1213,434,454]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681C7ECEC2FB020FBF" box="[1110,1213,434,454]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
withered following exposure to 5% PEG treatment, those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681CA0CEBEFABD0F9B" box="[1160,1282,462,482]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681CA0CEBEFABD0F9B" box="[1160,1282,462,482]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
did not, even after treatment with 7% PEG. This indicated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681CF6CE9AFAE70F87" box="[1246,1368,490,510]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681CF6CE9AFAE70F87" box="[1246,1368,490,510]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was more tolerant to water stress than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681C6ECD76FB120C63" box="[1094,1197,518,538]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681C6ECD76FB120C63" box="[1094,1197,518,538]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The water content and relative water content (RWC) were also measured (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13518AC1915DF4681D3ACD53FAF60C4F" box="[1298,1353,547,566]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[87,113,1072,1086]" captionTargetBox="[124,724,185,1042]" captionTargetId="figure-99@3.[120,725,181,1043]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. The water contents and relative water contents of A. thaliana and T. salsuginea after 3 days of PEG treatment. A. thaliana and T. salsuginea plants that had been grown in a hydroponic system for approximately 3 and 5 weeks, respectively, and were then treated with different concentrations of PEG solution; the water content and RWC were examined after 3 days of treatment. Values are means ± SD (n = 4 or 5)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10490699" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10490699/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The water content of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681BBECD4EFC400C2B" box="[918,1023,574,594]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681BBECD4EFC400C2B" box="[918,1023,574,594]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was much higher than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681D6ECD4EFA7D0C2B" box="[1350,1474,574,594]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681D6ECD4EFA7D0C2B" box="[1350,1474,574,594]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under the control conditions. After being treated with an increasing concentration of PEG, the water content of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681D78CD06FA7D0CF3" box="[1360,1474,630,650]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681D78CD06FA7D0CF3" box="[1360,1474,630,650]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
decreased dramatically, especially at 5% PEG. By contrast, the water content of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681BBCCDDDFBAF0CB8" box="[916,1040,685,705]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681BBCCDDDFBAF0CB8" box="[916,1040,685,705]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
decreased slightly. For example, comparison of the water contents of plants under control conditions and those exposed to 5% PEG indicated that the water content of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681B0DCC71FC320D6C" box="[805,909,769,789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681B0DCC71FC320D6C" box="[805,909,769,789]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
decreased to 36.1%, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681C97CC71FA850D6C" box="[1215,1338,769,789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681C97CC71FA850D6C" box="[1215,1338,769,789]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
decreased to 72.5%. These results showed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681CA8CC6DFB430D48" box="[1152,1276,797,817]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681CA8CC6DFB430D48" box="[1152,1276,797,817]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has (1) a constitutively lower water content than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681C9BCC49FAA50D34" box="[1203,1306,825,845]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681C9BCC49FAA50D34" box="[1203,1306,825,845]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and (2) a better ability than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681B89CC25FBB50D10" box="[929,1034,853,873]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681B89CC25FBB50D10" box="[929,1034,853,873]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to maintain its water content under water stress. In terms of RWC values, those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681C9ACC01FA950DFC" box="[1202,1322,881,901]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681C9ACC01FA950DFC" box="[1202,1322,881,901]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681D73CC01FA7D0DFC" box="[1371,1474,881,901]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681D73CC01FA7D0DFC" box="[1371,1474,881,901]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were very similar under control conditions. However, with an increasing concentration of PEG, the RWC of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681CD9CCD9FAD30DC4" box="[1265,1388,937,957]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681CD9CCD9FAD30DC4" box="[1265,1388,937,957]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showed almost no change, whereas that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681C56CCB4FB5A0DA1" box="[1150,1253,964,984]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681C56CCB4FB5A0DA1" box="[1150,1253,964,984]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
dropped dramatically after treatment with 5% PEG treatment; the observed trends were similar to those for the water content.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD59644915DF4681B0DCB5FFB830A26" blockId="1.[805,1474,1071,1119]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681B0DCB5FFA7D0A3A" box="[805,1474,1071,1091]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
|
||
2.2. The photosynthetic capacity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681C50CB5FFB4E0A3A" box="[1144,1265,1071,1091]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">T. salsuginea</taxonomicName>
|
||
is higher than that of
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<heading id="D09D2128915DF4681B0DCB3BFB830A26" box="[805,1084,1099,1119]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" reason="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681B0DCB3BFB830A26" box="[805,1084,1099,1119]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681B0DCB3BFC320A26" ID-CoL="G26R" box="[805,909,1099,1119]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">A. thaliana</taxonomicName>
|
||
after water stress
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD59644915DF4681B6CCBF4FB35094D" blockId="1.[805,1475,1156,1844]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
|
||
The maintenance of high photosynthetic capacity is also a key factor that controls plant survival under water stress. The photosynthetic parameters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681C30CBCBFBC10AB6" box="[1048,1150,1211,1231]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681C30CBCBFBC10AB6" box="[1048,1150,1211,1231]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681C87CBCBFA970AB6" box="[1199,1320,1211,1231]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681C87CBCBFA970AB6" box="[1199,1320,1211,1231]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were therefore comparatively measured following PEG treatment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13518AC1915DF4681D07CBA7FAD90A92" box="[1327,1382,1239,1259]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[87,113,1953,1967]" captionTargetBox="[398,1151,1428,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-177@3.[397,1154,1424,1924]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 4. Compared with that of A. thaliana, the photosynthetic capacity of T. salsuginea decreased slightly following water stress. A. thaliana and T. salsuginea were grown in a hydroponic system for approximately three and 5 weeks, respectively, and were then treated with different concentrations of PEG solution. After 3 days, these plants were allowed to acclimate to complete darkness for approximately 20 min, whereafter they were examined using image–PAM. Values are means ± SD (n = 5 or 6)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10490701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10490701/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). In general, the photosynthetic capacity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681CBFCB82FAAC0B7F" box="[1175,1299,1266,1286]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681CBFCB82FAAC0B7F" box="[1175,1299,1266,1286]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was higher than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681B5ECA7EFC5D0B5B" box="[886,994,1294,1314]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681B5ECA7EFC5D0B5B" box="[886,994,1294,1314]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially after treatment with 5% PEG. The maximum photosystem II quantum yield (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681CE4CA5AFB680B47" box="[1228,1239,1322,1342]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">F</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="17EE9401915DF4681CFECA44FB600B39" attach="left" box="[1238,1247,1332,1344]" fontSize="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">v</subScript>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681CCFCA5AFB4D0B47" box="[1255,1266,1322,1342]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">F</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="17EE9401915DF4681CD9CA44FABF0B39" attach="left" box="[1265,1280,1332,1344]" fontSize="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">m</subScript>
|
||
) and effective photosystem II quantum yield [Y(II)], which represent the capacity of photo energy absorbed by photosystem II (PSII) to be utilized in photochemistry under dark- and light-adapted condition respectively, of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681BA8CAEAFC580BD7" box="[896,999,1434,1454]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681BA8CAEAFC580BD7" box="[896,999,1434,1454]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
decreased to 0.41 and 0.20 under 5% PEG treatment respectively, whereas those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681CB5CAC6FAA70BB3" box="[1181,1304,1462,1482]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681CB5CAC6FAA70BB3" box="[1181,1304,1462,1482]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
hardly changed. The Y(NPQ), which indicates the dissipation of energy and represent the ability of photoprotection, of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681C9ECA9EFA9E087B" box="[1206,1313,1518,1538]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681C9ECA9EFA9E087B" box="[1206,1313,1518,1538]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
increased with the increasing concentration of PEG treatment and reached a maximum value at 5% PEG, whereas those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681CDAC955FAD30840" box="[1266,1388,1573,1593]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681CDAC955FAD30840" box="[1266,1388,1573,1593]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reached a maximum at 7% PEG. The Y(NO), which indicates the degree of photodamage, of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681BF9C92DFB880808" box="[977,1079,1629,1649]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681BF9C92DFB880808" box="[977,1079,1629,1649]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
increased dramatically following treatment with 5% PEG, whereas those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681CBDC909FAB208F4" box="[1173,1293,1657,1677]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681CBDC909FAB208F4" box="[1173,1293,1657,1677]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
began to increase after treatment with 7% PEG and this increase was less than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681B0DC9C1FC3408BC" box="[805,907,1713,1733]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681B0DC9C1FC3408BC" box="[805,907,1713,1733]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These data confirmed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681C8BC9C1FAA308BC" box="[1187,1308,1713,1733]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681C8BC9C1FAA308BC" box="[1187,1308,1713,1733]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more tolerant of water stress than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681BD2C9BDFBDB0898" box="[1018,1124,1741,1761]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681BD2C9BDFBDB0898" box="[1018,1124,1741,1761]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and suggested that 5% PEG treatment for 3 days led to the most physiological differences between the two species. 5% PEG treatment was thus chosen as water stress conditions for further experiments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD59644915DF4681B0DC82BFBF109F2" blockId="1.[805,1417,1883,1931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681B0DC82BFA360916" box="[805,1417,1883,1903]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
|
||
2.3. Lower production of ROS and MDA in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681CE9C82BFA840916" box="[1217,1339,1883,1903]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">T. salsuginea</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<heading id="D09D2128915DF4681B0DC807FBF109F2" box="[805,1102,1911,1931]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" reason="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915DF4681B0DC807FBF109F2" box="[805,1102,1911,1931]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915DF4681B0DC807FC3209F2" ID-CoL="G26R" box="[805,909,1911,1931]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">A. thaliana</taxonomicName>
|
||
during water stress
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD59644915DF46A1B6CC8C0FD960B2B" blockId="1.[805,1474,1968,2015]" lastBlockId="3.[87,757,1258,1362]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
|
||
Water stress is usually accompanied by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The increased abundance of ROS indicated by an increased level of malondialdehyde (MDA) might lead to peroxidation of membrane lipids that harbour polyunsaturated fatty acids. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was thus used to measure the levels of ROS of leaves in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915EF46B1A66C8E2FD7709DF" box="[590,712,1938,1958]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915EF46B1A66C8E2FD7709DF" box="[590,712,1938,1958]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915EF46B1AD5C8E2FF7F09BB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915EF46B1AD5C8E2FF7F09BB" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
after their treatment with 5% PEG for 3 days. Evidence of ROS was seen in the leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915EF46B1985C8BAFDA809A7" box="[429,535,1994,2014]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915EF46B1985C8BAFDA809A7" box="[429,535,1994,2014]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but not in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915EF46B1ABBC8BAFCB109A7" box="[659,782,1994,2014]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915EF46B1ABBC8BAFCB109A7" box="[659,782,1994,2014]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13518AC1915EF46B1B6FC84FFC30092B" box="[839,911,1855,1874]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[805,831,966,980]" captionTargetBox="[838,1440,182,933]" captionTargetId="figure-264@3.[837,1442,181,937]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 5. Different levels of accumulation of ROS and MDA in A. thaliana and T. salsuginea subjected to water stress. (a) Differences in MDA contents after treatment of A. thaliana and T. salsuginea with 5% PEG. (b) The green spots indicate the production of ROS in leaves after 3 days of treatment with 5% PEG treatment. ⁄ indicates values that differ significantly from the control values within the species at a P value 60.05. ⁄⁄ indicates values that differ significantly from the control values within the species at a P value 60.01." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10490693" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10490693/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Fig. 5a</figureCitation>
|
||
). The abundance of MDA increased in both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915EF46B1D47C84EFA63092B" box="[1391,1500,1854,1874]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915EF46B1D47C84EFA63092B" box="[1391,1500,1854,1874]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915EF46B1B47C82AFC520917" box="[879,1005,1882,1902]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915EF46B1B47C82AFC520917" box="[879,1005,1882,1902]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Whereas the level of MDA in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915EF46B1D68C82AFA130917" box="[1344,1452,1882,1902]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915EF46B1D68C82AFA130917" box="[1344,1452,1882,1902]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had reached a maximum level of about 0.06 µmol/g after 5 days of 5% PEG treatment, its level in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915EF46B1C72C8E2FB6909DF" box="[1114,1238,1938,1958]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915EF46B1C72C8E2FB6909DF" box="[1114,1238,1938,1958]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was highest 3 days after commencement of treatment with 5% PEG, and remained at about 0.01 µmol/g, which was approximately one-sixth of the level in comparably treated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915FF46A190BCB9AFE340A87" box="[291,395,1258,1278]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915FF46A190BCB9AFE340A87" box="[291,395,1258,1278]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13518AC1915FF46A19F7CB9BFD9C0A87" box="[479,547,1259,1278]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[805,831,966,980]" captionTargetBox="[838,1440,182,933]" captionTargetId="figure-264@3.[837,1442,181,937]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 5. Different levels of accumulation of ROS and MDA in A. thaliana and T. salsuginea subjected to water stress. (a) Differences in MDA contents after treatment of A. thaliana and T. salsuginea with 5% PEG. (b) The green spots indicate the production of ROS in leaves after 3 days of treatment with 5% PEG treatment. ⁄ indicates values that differ significantly from the control values within the species at a P value 60.05. ⁄⁄ indicates values that differ significantly from the control values within the species at a P value 60.01." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10490693" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10490693/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">Fig. 5b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Given that the levels of ROS and MDA reflect damage caused by water stress, these results provide biochemical evidence that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915FF46A1A30CA52FD290B4F" box="[536,662,1314,1334]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915FF46A1A30CA52FD290B4F" box="[536,662,1314,1334]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much more tolerant of water stress than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915FF46A1993CA4EFD9B0B2B" box="[443,548,1342,1362]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915FF46A1993CA4EFD9B0B2B" box="[443,548,1342,1362]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF15C6CC915EF46B1859CB76FBEA0A52" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10490683" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10490683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10490683/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" startId="2.[113,139,1030,1044]" targetBox="[249,1353,181,1001]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD59644915EF46B1859CB76FBEA0A52" blockId="2.[113,1502,1030,1067]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915EF46B1859CB76FF1C0A6D" bold="true" box="[113,163,1030,1044]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Representative structures from each lipid class. Provided for each compound is the lipid class (total acyl carbons: total double bonds) [Lipid class (sn-1 acyl carbons: sn-1 double bonds/sn-2 acyl carbons: sn-2 double bonds)]
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915EF46B1A7ACB6CFC880A52" box="[594,823,1052,1067]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">individual compound number</emphasis>
|
||
(refer to Supplementary Table S1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF15C6CC915EF46B1859C99FFB5C096D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10490689" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10490689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10490689/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" startId="2.[113,139,1775,1789]" targetBox="[395,1224,1124,1743]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD59644915EF46B1859C99FFB5C096D" blockId="2.[113,1501,1774,1812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915EF46B1859C99FFF1C0884" bold="true" box="[113,163,1775,1789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Phenotypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915EF46B190CC99EFEC80884" box="[292,375,1774,1789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915EF46B190CC99EFEC80884" box="[292,375,1774,1789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915EF46B1989C99EFDBB0884" box="[417,516,1774,1789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915EF46B1989C99EFDBB0884" box="[417,516,1774,1789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
after 3 days of PEG treatment.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915EF46B1B2BC99EFCE90884" box="[771,854,1774,1789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915EF46B1B2BC99EFCE90884" box="[771,854,1774,1789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915EF46B1BA8C99EFC5D0884" box="[896,994,1774,1789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915EF46B1BA8C99EFC5D0884" box="[896,994,1774,1789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were grown in a hydroponic system for about 3 and 5 weeks, respectively, and were then treated with different concentrations of PEG solution; the phenotypes were observed after 3 days of treatment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF15C6CC915FF46A1B0DCCB6FB2E0A27" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10490693" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10490693" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10490693/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" startId="3.[805,831,966,980]" targetBox="[838,1440,182,933]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD59644915FF46A1B0DCCB6FB2E0A27" blockId="3.[805,1476,966,1118]" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915FF46A1B0DCCB6FCE50DAC" bold="true" box="[805,858,966,981]" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Different levels of accumulation of ROS and MDA in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915FF46A1D06CCB6FA3B0DAC" box="[1326,1412,966,981]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915FF46A1D06CCB6FA3B0DAC" box="[1326,1412,966,981]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915FF46A1D9DCCB6FCCA0D95" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915FF46A1D9DCCB6FCCA0D95" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subjected to water stress. (a) Differences in MDA contents after treatment of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915FF46A1BA7CC83FC5D0A7B" box="[911,994,1011,1026]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915FF46A1BA7CC83FC5D0A7B" box="[911,994,1011,1026]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915FF46A1C23CC83FBD20A7B" box="[1035,1133,1011,1026]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915FF46A1C23CC83FBD20A7B" box="[1035,1133,1011,1026]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with 5% PEG. (b) The green spots indicate the production of ROS in leaves after 3 days of treatment with 5% PEG treatment.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915FF46A1B0DCB53FC910A49" bold="true" box="[805,814,1059,1072]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">⁄</emphasis>
|
||
indicates values that differ significantly from the control values within the species at a
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915FF46A1B65CB48FCE90A3E" box="[845,854,1080,1095]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">P</emphasis>
|
||
value
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915FF46A1BB9CB49FC200A3E" bold="true" box="[913,927,1081,1095]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">6</emphasis>
|
||
0.05.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915FF46A1BE5CB4AFC600A3E" bold="true" box="[973,991,1082,1095]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">⁄⁄</emphasis>
|
||
indicates values that differ significantly from the control values within the species at a
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915FF46A1C34CB3FFB9A0A27" box="[1052,1061,1103,1118]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">P</emphasis>
|
||
value
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915FF46A1C74CB20FBD50A27" bold="true" box="[1116,1130,1104,1118]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">6</emphasis>
|
||
0.01.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF15C6CC915FF46A187FCB40FF090AC9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10490699" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10490699" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10490699/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" startId="3.[87,113,1072,1086]" targetBox="[124,724,185,1042]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD59644915FF46A187FCB40FF090AC9" blockId="3.[87,758,1071,1201]" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915FF46A187FCB40FF310A47" bold="true" box="[87,142,1072,1086]" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
|
||
The water contents and relative water contents of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915FF46A1A74CB5FFD0B0A47" box="[604,692,1071,1086]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915FF46A1A74CB5FFD0B0A47" box="[604,692,1071,1086]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915FF46A1AC0CB5FFF180A2C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915FF46A1AC0CB5FFF180A2C" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
after 3 days of PEG treatment.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915FF46A19B6CB36FE4F0A2C" box="[414,496,1094,1109]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915FF46A19B6CB36FE4F0A2C" box="[414,496,1094,1109]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915FF46A1A3FCB36FDC70A2C" box="[535,632,1094,1109]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915FF46A1A3FCB36FDC70A2C" box="[535,632,1094,1109]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants that had been grown in a hydroponic system for approximately 3 and 5 weeks, respectively, and were then treated with different concentrations of PEG solution; the water content and RWC were examined after 3 days of treatment. Values are means ± SD (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915FF46A1876CBD2FFD70AC8" box="[94,104,1186,1201]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 4 or 5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD59644915FF46A1B0DCBE7FB2D0ABE" blockId="3.[805,1430,1175,1223]" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915FF46A1B0DCBE7FB2D0ABE" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">
|
||
2.4. The changes of membrane lipids during water stress differed
|
||
<heading id="D09D2128915FF46A1B0DCBC3FB2D0ABE" box="[805,1170,1203,1223]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" reason="8">
|
||
between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915FF46A1B54CBC3FC480ABE" box="[892,1015,1203,1223]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">T. salsuginea</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915FF46A1C01CBC3FB2D0ABE" box="[1065,1170,1203,1223]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">A. thaliana</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD59644915FF46D1B6CCB9CFDDF0DFA" blockId="3.[805,1474,1260,1362]" lastBlockId="4.[113,783,182,899]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">
|
||
Maintenance of the integrity and fluidity of membranes is crucial for plants to survive water stress. A ESI-MS/MS lipidomics approach based was therefore used to compare changes in membrane lipids between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915FF46A1C10CA4EFB0C0B2B" box="[1080,1203,1342,1362]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915FF46A1C10CA4EFB0C0B2B" box="[1080,1203,1342,1362]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915FF46A1CC1CA4EFAEC0B2B" box="[1257,1363,1342,1362]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915FF46A1CC1CA4EFAEC0B2B" box="[1257,1363,1342,1362]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
after their exposure to water stress. All the compounds analysed are numbered and presented in Supplementary
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E8A3FF9158F46D1A3ACFA2FDD50E9C" box="[530,618,210,229]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[831,875,183,197]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1 Loadings of the first two principal components. a" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Table S1</tableCitation>
|
||
. Representative structures of each lipid class are shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13518AC19158F46D1A09CF9EFDE80F78" box="[545,599,238,257]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[113,139,1030,1044]" captionTargetBox="[249,1353,181,1001]" captionTargetId="figure-142@2.[249,1354,181,1001]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Representative structures from each lipid class. Provided for each compound is the lipid class (total acyl carbons: total double bonds) [Lipid class (sn-1 acyl carbons: sn-1 double bonds/sn-2 acyl carbons: sn-2 double bonds)] individual compound number (refer to Supplementary Table S1)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10490683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10490683/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
. Principal component analysis (PCA) was also introduced into the lipidomics data analysis. The results of this analysis called attention to identifying key statistically significant differences among the species and treatments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13518AC19158F46D18D8CE2EFE980F08" box="[240,295,350,369]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[113,139,1885,1899]" captionTargetBox="[153,748,1224,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-970@4.[146,751,1219,1855]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 6. Principal component analysis (PCA) of membrane lipids in T. salsuginea and A. thaliana under water stress. A. thaliana and T. salsuginea that were grown in a hydroponic system for approximately three and 5 weeks, respectively, and were then treated with 5% PEG. After treatment for 1 day and 3 days, the leaves were harvested for lipidomic analysis. A.t. stands for A. thaliana, and T.s. stands for T. salsuginea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10490707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10490707/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). The first two components, which are used for plotting scores and loadings, explained 73.7% of the variance. Principal component 1 (PC1) clearly describes the separation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79158F46D1AFCCEE4FF050FBD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1AFCCEE4FF050FBD" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79158F46D18D1CEC0FEDE0FBD" box="[249,353,432,452]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D18D1CEC0FEDE0FBD" box="[249,353,432,452]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Principal component 2 (PC2), in contrast, describes the separation among water stress treatments, especially those in
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D18EECE98FE8C0F85" box="[198,307,488,508]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79158F46D18EECE98FE910F85" box="[198,302,488,508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">A. thaliana</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Examination of loadings indicated that the separation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79158F46D18F0CD74FEEE0C61" box="[216,337,516,536]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D18F0CD74FEEE0C61" box="[216,337,516,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79158F46D19A6CD74FE4B0C61" box="[398,500,516,536]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D19A6CD74FE4B0C61" box="[398,500,516,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
along the PC 1 axis resulted from both plastidic and extra-plastidic lipids, such as phosphatidylglycerol [PG (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D190BCD4DFEDD0C29" bold="true" box="[291,354,573,592]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">33–45</emphasis>
|
||
)], phosphatidylcholine [PC (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1AA7CD4DFD710C29" bold="true" box="[655,718,573,592]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">46–65</emphasis>
|
||
)] and phosphatidylethanolamine [PE (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D19F8CD29FDB00C15" bold="true" box="[464,527,601,620]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">66–88</emphasis>
|
||
)], and the separation among treatments along PC 2 axis from plastidic lipids, including MGDG (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D18EACDE0FEBE0CDA" bold="true" box="[194,257,656,676]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">17–32</emphasis>
|
||
) and DGDG (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D19ADCDE0FE070CDA" bold="true" box="[389,440,656,676]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">1–16</emphasis>
|
||
) (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E8A3FF9158F46D19E6CDE1FDA90CDD" box="[462,534,657,676]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[831,875,183,197]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1 Loadings of the first two principal components. a" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). On the whole, the level of total membrane lipids in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79158F46D19BBCDDBFE430CC6" box="[403,508,683,703]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D19BBCDDBFE430CC6" box="[403,508,683,703]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showed almost no change on the first day after water stress, but dramatically decreased by approximately 36.4% on the third day (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E8A3FF9158F46D1A26CD94FDE50C8E" box="[526,602,740,759]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[87,131,183,197]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 2 Levels of lipid in each head-group class and total lipids in A. thaliana and T. salsuginea under water stress. a" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, the level of total membrane lipids in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79158F46D19E2CD8FFDF90D6A" box="[458,582,767,787]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D19E2CD8FFDF90D6A" box="[458,582,767,787]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
increased by 18.4% on the first day and decreased to the level found under control conditions on the third day (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E8A3FF9158F46D1942CC48FE0C0D32" box="[362,435,824,843]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[87,131,183,197]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 2 Levels of lipid in each head-group class and total lipids in A. thaliana and T. salsuginea under water stress. a" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). The results suggested that differences in water stress-induced membrane changes between the two species might affect their water stress tolerance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF15C6CC915FF46A187FC8D1FAEB09A4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10490701" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10490701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10490701/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" startId="3.[87,113,1953,1967]" targetBox="[398,1151,1428,1920]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD59644915FF46A187FC8D1FAEB09A4" blockId="3.[87,1474,1953,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915FF46A187FC8D1FF3609D6" bold="true" box="[87,137,1953,1967]" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Compared with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915FF46A1965C8D1FE1F09C9" box="[333,416,1953,1968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915FF46A1965C8D1FE1F09C9" box="[333,416,1953,1968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the photosynthetic capacity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915FF46A1A8BC8D1FCBA09C9" box="[675,773,1953,1968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915FF46A1A8BC8D1FCBA09C9" box="[675,773,1953,1968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
decreased slightly following water stress.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915FF46A1C74C8D1FB1009C9" box="[1116,1199,1953,1968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915FF46A1C74C8D1FB1009C9" box="[1116,1199,1953,1968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915FF46A1CFFC8D1FA8509C9" box="[1239,1338,1953,1968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915FF46A1CFFC8D1FA8509C9" box="[1239,1338,1953,1968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were grown in a hydroponic system for approximately three and 5 weeks, respectively, and were then treated with different concentrations of PEG solution. After 3 days, these plants were allowed to acclimate to complete darkness for approximately 20 min, whereafter they were examined using image–PAM. Values are means ± SD (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915FF46A1CD4C8BEFAB909A4" box="[1276,1286,1998,2013]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 5 or 6).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF15C6CC9158F46D1B17CFC7FB010EAA" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" startId="4.[831,875,183,197]" targetBox="[853,1478,244,360]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD596449158F46D1B17CFC7FB010EAA" blockId="4.[831,1214,183,220]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1B17CFC7FCC40EBC" bold="true" box="[831,891,183,197]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Table 1</emphasis>
|
||
Loadings of the first two principal components.
|
||
<superScript id="7C1F3B0C9158F46D1C9FCFBAFB010EAA" attach="none" box="[1207,1214,202,211]" fontSize="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">a</superScript>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD596449158F46D1B7DCF84FA270F11" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<table id="F96A64E491580B961B7DCF84FA790F11" box="[853,1478,244,360]" gridcols="4" gridrows="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<tr id="355A940691580B961B7DCF84FA790F7B" box="[853,1478,244,258]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<th id="768BFD7A91580B961B7DCF84FC020F7B" box="[853,957,244,258]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Lipid species</th>
|
||
<th id="768BFD7A91580B961BD4CF84FBDB0F7B" box="[1020,1124,244,258]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">PC1 loadings</th>
|
||
<th id="768BFD7A91580B961C8BCF84FAA10F7B" box="[1187,1310,244,258]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Lipid species</th>
|
||
<th id="768BFD7A91580B961D76CF84FA790F7B" box="[1374,1478,244,258]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">PC2 loadings</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A940691580B961B7DCE65FA790F5D" box="[853,1478,277,292]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<th id="768BFD7A91580B961B7DCE65FC020F5D" box="[853,957,277,292]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
PG (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1B50CE65FC150F5A" bold="true" box="[888,938,277,292]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">33–45</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91580B961BD4CE65FBDB0F5D" box="[1020,1124,277,292]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">0.975</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91580B961C8BCE65FAA10F5D" box="[1187,1310,277,292]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
DGDG (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1CC9CE65FAB50F5A" bold="true" box="[1249,1290,277,292]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">1–16</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91580B961D76CE65FA790F5D" box="[1374,1478,277,292]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">0.937</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A940691580B961B7DCE5CFA790F42" box="[853,1478,300,315]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<th id="768BFD7A91580B961B7DCE5CFC020F42" box="[853,957,300,315]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
PC (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1B5ECE5CFC170F43" bold="true" box="[886,936,300,315]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">46–65</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91580B961BD4CE5CFBDB0F42" box="[1020,1124,300,315]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">0.916</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91580B961C8BCE5CFAA10F42" box="[1187,1310,300,315]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
MGDG (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1CCDCE5CFAA70F43" bold="true" box="[1253,1304,300,315]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">17–32</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91580B961D76CE5CFA790F42" box="[1374,1478,300,315]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">0.800</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A940691580B961B7DCE32FA790F2B" box="[853,1478,322,338]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<th id="768BFD7A91580B961B7DCE32FC020F2B" box="[853,957,322,338]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
PE (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1B5DCE33FC170F28" bold="true" box="[885,936,323,338]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">66–88</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91580B961BD4CE32FBDB0F2B" box="[1020,1124,322,338]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">0.876</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91580B961C8BCE32FAA10F2B" box="[1187,1310,322,338]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
PI (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1C97CE33FB430F28" bold="true" box="[1215,1276,323,338]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">89–102</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91580B961D76CE32FA790F2B" box="[1374,1478,322,338]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1D76CE32FAD40F28" box="[1374,1387,322,337]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">—</emphasis>
|
||
0.548
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A940691580B961B7DCE29FA790F11" box="[853,1478,345,360]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<th id="768BFD7A91580B961B7DCE29FC020F11" box="[853,957,345,360]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
PI (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1B59CE2AFC110F11" bold="true" box="[881,942,346,360]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">89–102</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91580B961BD4CE29FBDB0F11" box="[1020,1124,345,360]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1BD4CE29FBB60F11" box="[1020,1033,345,360]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">—</emphasis>
|
||
0.743
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91580B961C8BCE29FAA10F11" box="[1187,1310,345,360]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
PS (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1CEACE2AFAB50F11" bold="true" box="[1218,1290,346,360]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">103–128</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91580B961D76CE29FA790F11" box="[1374,1478,345,360]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1D76CE29FAD40F11" box="[1374,1387,345,360]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">—</emphasis>
|
||
0.338
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD596449158F46D1B66CE0DFA9A0FF6" blockId="4.[846,1317,381,399]" box="[846,1317,381,399]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<tableNote id="768C97CA9158F46D1B66CE0DFA9A0FF6" box="[846,1317,381,399]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" targetBox="[853,1478,244,360]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<superScript id="7C1F3B0C9158F46D1B66CE0DFCEA0FFF" attach="left" box="[846,853,381,390]" fontSize="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">a</superScript>
|
||
The four highest or lowest loading values are indicated.
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD596449158F46D185ACCC4FE430D9D" blockId="4.[113,774,948,996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D185ACCC4FE430D9D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
2.5. The extra-plastidic lipids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79158F46D1980CCC4FD9C0DB1" box="[424,547,948,968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">T. salsuginea</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79158F46D1A7DCCC4FCB90DB1" box="[597,774,948,968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="thaliana" subSpecies="almost">A. thaliana almost</taxonomicName>
|
||
<heading id="D09D21289158F46D1859CCA0FE430D9D" box="[113,508,976,996]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" reason="8">remained unchanged during water stress</heading>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD596449158F46D18B9CB78FC250D34" blockId="4.[113,783,1032,1163]" lastBlockId="4.[831,1501,463,845]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
The extra-plastidic lipids and plastidic lipids include different kinds of glycerolipids, and stresses having different effects on the abundances of these glycerolipids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFBEBB59158F46D19F2CB30FDDA0A2A" author="Li, W. & Wang, R. & Li, M. & Li, L. & Wang, C. & Welti, R. & Wang, X." box="[474,613,1088,1108]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" pagination="461 - 468" refId="ref10258" refString="Li, W., Wang, R., Li, M., Li, L., Wang, C., Welti, R., Wang, X., 2008. Differential degradation of extraplastidic and plastidic lipids during freezing and postfreezing recovery in Arabidopsis thaliana. J. Biol. Chem. 283, 461 - 468." type="journal article" year="2008">Li et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Stress-induced changes in the abundances of plastidic and extra-plastidic lipids were examined separately to establish their relative contributions to overall changes in the abundances of membrane lipids. As shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13518AC19158F46D1B8ACE9BFC670F87" box="[930,984,491,510]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[113,139,1885,1899]" captionTargetBox="[153,748,1224,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-970@4.[146,751,1219,1855]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 6. Principal component analysis (PCA) of membrane lipids in T. salsuginea and A. thaliana under water stress. A. thaliana and T. salsuginea that were grown in a hydroponic system for approximately three and 5 weeks, respectively, and were then treated with 5% PEG. After treatment for 1 day and 3 days, the leaves were harvested for lipidomic analysis. A.t. stands for A. thaliana, and T.s. stands for T. salsuginea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10490707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10490707/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
, the total membrane lipids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79158F46D1D21CE9AFACF0F87" box="[1289,1392,490,510]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1D21CE9AFACF0F87" box="[1289,1392,490,510]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79158F46D1D8ACE9AFC370C63" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1D8ACE9AFC370C63" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showed almost no change on the PC1 axis. This result suggested that water stress had almost no effect on the composition of extra-plastidic lipids in either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79158F46D1C50CD4EFB5D0C2B" box="[1144,1250,574,594]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1C50CD4EFB5D0C2B" box="[1144,1250,574,594]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79158F46D1D20CD4EFA3B0C2B" box="[1288,1412,574,594]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1D20CD4EFA3B0C2B" box="[1288,1412,574,594]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In both species, the level of PC (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1C6DCD2AFB3A0C14" bold="true" box="[1093,1157,602,622]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">46–65</emphasis>
|
||
), which was abundant in extra-plastidic lipids, was no different between plants exposed to the control condition and plants subjected to water stress for 3 days. The level of PE (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1BC2CDDEFB950CB8" bold="true" box="[1002,1066,686,706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">66–88</emphasis>
|
||
) also did not change during water stress. Besides, the level of phosphatidic acid [PA (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1D25CDBAFADA0CA4" bold="true" box="[1293,1381,714,734]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">129–140</emphasis>
|
||
)], which is sensitive to other stresses, also did not change during water stress (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E8A3FF9158F46D1B6FCC72FC290D6C" box="[839,918,770,789]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[87,131,183,197]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 2 Levels of lipid in each head-group class and total lipids in A. thaliana and T. salsuginea under water stress. a" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). These results indicated that levels of extra-plastidic lipids were not responsive to water stress in either species in our research.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD596449158F46D1B17CC0DFC7E0DD4" blockId="4.[831,1500,893,941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1B17CC0DFC7E0DD4" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
2.6. The level of plastidic lipids decreased markedly during water stress
|
||
<heading id="D09D21289158F46D1B17CCE9FC7E0DD4" box="[831,961,921,941]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" reason="8">
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79158F46D1B70CCE9FC7E0DD4" box="[856,961,921,941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">A. thaliana</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD596449158F46D1B76CCA2FAD90B61" blockId="4.[831,1501,978,1304]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Plastidic lipids, which mainly include MGDG (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1D0FCCA2FAD90D9C" bold="true" box="[1319,1382,978,998]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">17–32</emphasis>
|
||
) and DGDG (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1B6FCC9EFCC60A78" bold="true" box="[839,889,1006,1025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">1–16</emphasis>
|
||
), are the main components of chloroplast membranes. Upon water stress, the level of plastidic lipids in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79158F46D1CC6CB79FAE90A64" box="[1262,1366,1033,1053]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1CC6CB79FAE90A64" box="[1262,1366,1033,1053]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
hardly changed on the first day, but then dropped markedly on the third day (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13518AC19158F46D1B6FCB32FCC00A2C" box="[839,895,1090,1109]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[113,139,1885,1899]" captionTargetBox="[153,748,1224,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-970@4.[146,751,1219,1855]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 6. Principal component analysis (PCA) of membrane lipids in T. salsuginea and A. thaliana under water stress. A. thaliana and T. salsuginea that were grown in a hydroponic system for approximately three and 5 weeks, respectively, and were then treated with 5% PEG. After treatment for 1 day and 3 days, the leaves were harvested for lipidomic analysis. A.t. stands for A. thaliana, and T.s. stands for T. salsuginea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10490707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10490707/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). The level of DGDG (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1C4BCB32FB290A2C" bold="true" box="[1123,1174,1090,1109]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">1–16</emphasis>
|
||
) decreased by about 40.0% and that of MGDG (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1BF5CB2EFBA30A08" bold="true" box="[989,1052,1118,1137]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">17–32</emphasis>
|
||
) decreased by about 46.3% (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E8A3FF9158F46D1D6BCB2EFA310A08" box="[1347,1422,1118,1137]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[87,131,183,197]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 2 Levels of lipid in each head-group class and total lipids in A. thaliana and T. salsuginea under water stress. a" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). These decreases occurred in all molecular species of MGDG (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1DBDCB09FA6B0AF5" bold="true" box="[1429,1492,1145,1165]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">17–32</emphasis>
|
||
) and DGDG (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1B95CBE5FC500AD1" bold="true" box="[957,1007,1173,1193]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">1–16</emphasis>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13518AC19158F46D1C21CBE5FBFD0AD0" box="[1033,1090,1173,1193]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[87,113,1843,1857]" captionTargetBox="[323,1230,1088,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-461@5.[322,1230,1087,1814]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 7. Changes in the levels of galactolipids of A. thaliana and T. salsuginea following water stress. The treatment was identical to that described in Fig. 5. Values are means ± SD (n = 4 or 5). ⁄ indicates values that differ significantly from the control values within the species at a P value 60.05. ⁄⁄ indicates values that differ significantly from the control values within the species at a P value 60.01." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10490711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10490711/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). The results indicated that the change in the integrity of plastidic membranes was positively correlated with the biochemical and physiological damages described above, and thus suggested that plastid integrity might be a major mechanism that confers water stress tolerance in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79158F46D1CD1CA74FADE0B61" box="[1273,1377,1284,1304]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1CD1CA74FADE0B61" box="[1273,1377,1284,1304]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD596449158F46D1B17CA39FC060B00" blockId="4.[831,1444,1353,1401]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1B17CA39FA1B0B24" box="[831,1444,1353,1373]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">2.7. The level of plastidic lipids increased during water stress in</emphasis>
|
||
<heading id="D09D21289158F46D1B17CA15FC060B00" box="[831,953,1381,1401]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" reason="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79158F46D1B17CA15FC060B00" ID-CoL="568D4" box="[831,953,1381,1401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1B17CA15FC060B00" box="[831,953,1381,1401]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD596449158F46F1B76CAEEFCBB0E9C" blockId="4.[831,1501,1438,2015]" lastBlockId="6.[113,783,181,229]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
If the integrity of plastidic membranes makes a major contribution to water stress tolerance, water stress-tolerant plant species should have a superior capacity to maintain membrane integrity relative to water stress-sensitive plant species. This hypothesis was therefore tested by examining changes in the levels of plastidic lipids in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79158F46D1B9FC958FB900845" box="[951,1071,1576,1596]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1B9FC958FB900845" box="[951,1071,1576,1596]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Following water stress of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79158F46D1D11C958FA0E0845" box="[1337,1457,1576,1596]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1D11C958FA0E0845" box="[1337,1457,1576,1596]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the respective levels of both MGDG (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1C95C935FB430821" bold="true" box="[1213,1276,1605,1624]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">17–32</emphasis>
|
||
) and DGDG (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1D89C935FA6B0821" bold="true" box="[1441,1492,1605,1624]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">1–16</emphasis>
|
||
) increased by 21.0% and 18.5% on the first day (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E8A3FF9158F46D1D1AC911FAC0080D" box="[1330,1407,1633,1652]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[87,131,183,197]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 2 Levels of lipid in each head-group class and total lipids in A. thaliana and T. salsuginea under water stress. a" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). On the third day, the level of DGDG (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1C52C90DFB1308E9" bold="true" box="[1146,1196,1661,1680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">1–16</emphasis>
|
||
) remained almost as high as that on the first day; the level of MGDG (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1CCEC9E9FA9A08D5" bold="true" box="[1254,1317,1689,1708]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">17–32</emphasis>
|
||
) decreased to the level observed under control conditions. This change increased the ratio of DGDG (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1C3EC9A0FBF6089A" bold="true" box="[1046,1097,1744,1764]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">1–16</emphasis>
|
||
)/MGDG (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1C87C9A0FB51089A" bold="true" box="[1199,1262,1744,1764]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">17–32</emphasis>
|
||
): increased from 0.22 (control) to 0.26 (3 day) (Supplementary
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E8A3FF9158F46D1CD9C99CFAF50886" box="[1265,1354,1772,1791]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[87,131,183,197]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 2 Levels of lipid in each head-group class and total lipids in A. thaliana and T. salsuginea under water stress. a" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Table S2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Increases in the levels of MGDG (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1C39C878FBEF0962" bold="true" box="[1041,1104,1800,1820]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">17–32</emphasis>
|
||
) and DGDG (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1CF0C878FAB50962" bold="true" box="[1240,1290,1800,1820]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">1–16</emphasis>
|
||
) during water stress resulted mainly from increases in molecular species such as 36:6 DGDG (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1BA3C830FC1B092A" bold="true" box="[907,932,1856,1875]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">12</emphasis>
|
||
), 34:6 MGDG (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1C15C830FBE9092A" bold="true" box="[1085,1110,1856,1875]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">22</emphasis>
|
||
), and 36:6 MGDG (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1D33C830FA8B092A" bold="true" box="[1307,1332,1856,1875]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">28</emphasis>
|
||
), which harbour highly unsaturated fatty acids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13518AC19158F46D1C53C82CFB0D0916" box="[1147,1202,1884,1903]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[87,113,1843,1857]" captionTargetBox="[323,1230,1088,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-461@5.[322,1230,1087,1814]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 7. Changes in the levels of galactolipids of A. thaliana and T. salsuginea following water stress. The treatment was identical to that described in Fig. 5. Values are means ± SD (n = 4 or 5). ⁄ indicates values that differ significantly from the control values within the species at a P value 60.05. ⁄⁄ indicates values that differ significantly from the control values within the species at a P value 60.01." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10490711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10490711/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). These results indicated that remodelling of plastidic membranes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79158F46D1CF3C807FAE709F2" box="[1243,1368,1911,1931]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1CF3C807FAE709F2" box="[1243,1368,1911,1931]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurred by increasing both the level of plastidic lipids shortly after the onset of water stress and the ratio of DGDG (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1CFAC8DFFABB09BB" bold="true" box="[1234,1284,1967,1987]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">1–16</emphasis>
|
||
)/MGDG (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1D4FC8DFFA1909BB" bold="true" box="[1383,1446,1967,1987]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">17–32</emphasis>
|
||
) at a later stage of water stress. These results showed that, following water stress,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915AF46F18D1CFC5FECC0EB0" box="[249,371,181,201]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F18D1CFC5FECC0EB0" box="[249,371,181,201]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
strengthened the integrity of the plastidic membrane and thus verified the hypothesis described above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF15C6CC9158F46D1859C82DFF6709A4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10490707" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10490707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10490707/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" startId="4.[113,139,1885,1899]" targetBox="[153,748,1224,1849]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD596449158F46D1859C82DFF6709A4" blockId="4.[113,783,1884,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1859C82DFF1C0912" bold="true" box="[113,163,1885,1899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Principal component analysis (PCA) of membrane lipids in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79158F46D1AA1C82CFD530912" box="[649,748,1884,1899]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1AA1C82CFD530912" box="[649,748,1884,1899]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79158F46D1859C803FF7909FB" box="[113,198,1907,1922]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1859C803FF7909FB" box="[113,198,1907,1922]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under water stress.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79158F46D195BC803FE7809FB" box="[371,455,1907,1922]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D195BC803FE7809FB" box="[371,455,1907,1922]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79158F46D19DBC803FDE809FB" box="[499,599,1907,1922]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D19DBC803FDE809FB" box="[499,599,1907,1922]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that were grown in a hydroponic system for approximately three and 5 weeks, respectively, and were then treated with 5% PEG. After treatment for 1 day and 3 days, the leaves were harvested for lipidomic analysis. A.t. stands for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79158F46D1A25C8C7FDDC09BF" box="[525,611,1975,1990]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1A25C8C7FDDC09BF" box="[525,611,1975,1990]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and T.s. stands for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79158F46D1859C8BEFF6B09A4" box="[113,212,1998,2013]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569158F46D1859C8BEFF6B09A4" box="[113,212,1998,2013]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF15C6CC9159F46C187FCFC7FC170EAA" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" startId="5.[87,131,183,197]" targetBox="[110,1451,239,830]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD596449159F46C187FCFC7FC170EAA" blockId="5.[87,936,183,220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C187FCFC7FF2C0EBC" bold="true" box="[87,147,183,197]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Table 2</emphasis>
|
||
Levels of lipid in each head-group class and total lipids in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79159F46C1A01CFBDFDC40EA5" box="[553,635,205,220]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1A01CFBDFDC40EA5" box="[553,635,205,220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79159F46C1A8BCFBDFCBC0EA5" box="[675,771,205,220]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1A8BCFBDFCBC0EA5" box="[675,771,205,220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under water stress.
|
||
<superScript id="7C1F3B0C9159F46C1B89CFBAFC170EAA" attach="none" box="[929,936,202,211]" fontSize="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">a</superScript>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD596449159F46C1846CF84FA800D47" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<table id="F96A64E491590B961846CF9FFA140D47" box="[110,1451,239,830]" gridcols="7" gridrows="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<tr id="355A940691590B961846CF9FFA140F7B" box="[110,1451,239,258]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="768BFD7A91590B961846CF9FFF560F7B" box="[110,233,239,258]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Lipid class</th>
|
||
<th id="768BFD7A91590B961912CF9FFE7B0F7B" box="[314,452,239,258]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79159F46C1912CF84FEDC0F7B" box="[314,355,244,258]" class="Plant" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" rank="class">Plant</taxonomicName>
|
||
species
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="768BFD7A91590B9619DDCF9FFC8A0F7B" box="[501,821,239,258]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Lipids (normalised signal mg
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1AF7CF9FFD560E83" box="[735,745,239,250]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">—</emphasis>
|
||
1 dry wt)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="768BFD7A91590B961C79CF9FFB510F7B" box="[1105,1262,239,258]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Relative change (%)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A940691590B961846CE66FA140F5D" box="[110,1451,278,292]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B9619DDCE66FDD40F5D" box="[501,619,278,292]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Control</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961A94CE66FC8A0F5D" box="[700,821,278,292]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">1 day</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961BAECE66FC400F5D" box="[902,1023,278,292]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">3 days</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961C79CE66FB510F5D" box="[1105,1262,278,292]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">1 day to control</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961D0BCE66FA140F5D" box="[1315,1451,278,292]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">3 days to control</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A940691590B961846CE43FA140F24" box="[110,1451,307,349]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<th id="768BFD7A91590B961846CE43FF560F24" box="[110,233,307,349]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
DGDG (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1884CE47FF6B0F3C" bold="true" box="[172,212,311,326]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">1–16</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961912CE43FE7B0F24" box="[314,452,307,349]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1912CE47FE220F25" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79159F46C1912CE47FE310F3F" box="[314,398,311,326]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">A. thaliana</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79159F46C1912CE3DFE220F25" box="[314,413,333,348]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">T. salsuginea</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B9619DDCE43FDD40F24" box="[501,619,307,349]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">34.49 ± 3.21 24.17 ± 0.73</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961A94CE43FC8A0F24" box="[700,821,307,349]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">31.06 ± 7.10 28.65 ± 2.00**</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961BAECE43FC400F24" box="[902,1023,307,349]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">20.70 ± 1.19** 28.15 ± 1.36**</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961C79CE43FB510F24" box="[1105,1262,307,349]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">n.s. 18.5</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961D0BCE43FA140F24" box="[1315,1451,307,349]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1D0BCE47FA8F0F3F" box="[1315,1328,311,326]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">—</emphasis>
|
||
40.0 16.5
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A940691590B961846CE1BFA140FED" box="[110,1451,363,404]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<th id="768BFD7A91590B961846CE1BFF560FED" box="[110,233,363,404]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
MGDG (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1898CE1FFF5D0F04" bold="true" box="[176,226,367,381]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">17–32</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961912CE1BFE7B0FED" box="[314,452,363,404]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1912CE1EFE220FED" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79159F46C1912CE1EFE310F04" box="[314,398,366,381]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">A. thaliana</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79159F46C1912CEF5FE220FED" box="[314,413,389,404]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">T. salsuginea</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B9619DDCE1BFDD40FED" box="[501,619,363,404]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">116.61 ± 7.42 107.10 ± 4.52</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961A94CE1BFC8A0FED" box="[700,821,363,404]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">113.48 ± 12.65 129.60 ± 6.86 **</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961BAECE1BFC400FED" box="[902,1023,363,404]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">62.64 ± 3.42** 106.43 ± 2.85</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961C79CE1BFB510FED" box="[1105,1262,363,404]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">n.s. 21.0</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961D0BCE1BFA140FED" box="[1315,1451,363,404]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1D0BCE1EFA8F0F04" box="[1315,1328,366,381]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">—</emphasis>
|
||
46.3 n.s.
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A940691590B961846CED6FA140FB5" box="[110,1451,422,460]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<th id="768BFD7A91590B961846CED6FF560FB5" box="[110,233,422,460]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
PG (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C18B8CED7FF7C0FCC" bold="true" box="[144,195,423,437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">33–45</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961912CED6FE7B0FB5" box="[314,452,422,460]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1912CED6FE220FB5" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79159F46C1912CED6FE310FCC" box="[314,398,422,437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">A. thaliana</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79159F46C1912CECDFE220FB5" box="[314,413,445,460]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">T. salsuginea</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B9619DDCED6FDD40FB5" box="[501,619,422,460]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">7.48 ± 0.73 10.25 ± 0.70</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961A94CED6FC8A0FB5" box="[700,821,422,460]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">7.04 ± 0.39 10.79 ± 0.35</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961BAECED6FC400FB5" box="[902,1023,422,460]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">6.87 ± 0.70 9.47 ± 0.72</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961C79CED6FB510FB5" box="[1105,1262,422,460]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">n.s. n.s.</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961D0BCED6FA140FB5" box="[1315,1451,422,460]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">n.s. n.s.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A940691590B961846CEAEFA140C7D" box="[110,1451,478,516]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<th id="768BFD7A91590B961846CEAEFF560C7D" box="[110,233,478,516]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
PC (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C18A6CEAEFF7E0F95" bold="true" box="[142,193,478,493]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">46–65</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961912CEAEFE7B0C7D" box="[314,452,478,516]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1912CEAEFE220C7D" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79159F46C1912CEAEFE310F94" box="[314,398,478,493]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">A. thaliana</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79159F46C1912CE85FE220C7D" box="[314,413,501,516]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">T. salsuginea</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B9619DDCEAEFDD40C7D" box="[501,619,478,516]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">11.44 ± 0.51 15.73 ± 1.00</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961A94CEAEFC8A0C7D" box="[700,821,478,516]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">11.91 ± 1.05 15.59 ± 1.51</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961BAECEAEFC400C7D" box="[902,1023,478,516]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">11.44 ± 2.60 15.24 ± 1.00</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961C79CEAEFB510C7D" box="[1105,1262,478,516]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">n.s. n.s.</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961D0BCEAEFA140C7D" box="[1315,1451,478,516]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">n.s. n.s.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A940691590B961846CD65FA140C42" box="[110,1451,533,571]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<th id="768BFD7A91590B961846CD65FF560C42" box="[110,233,533,571]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
PE (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C18A6CD66FF7F0C5D" bold="true" box="[142,192,534,548]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">66–88</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961912CD65FE7B0C42" box="[314,452,533,571]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1912CD65FE220C42" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79159F46C1912CD65FE310C5D" box="[314,398,533,548]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">A. thaliana</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79159F46C1912CD5CFE220C42" box="[314,413,556,571]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">T. salsuginea</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B9619DDCD65FDD40C42" box="[501,619,533,571]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">2.98 ± 0.57 5.21 ± 1.11</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961A94CD65FC8A0C42" box="[700,821,533,571]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">3.30 ± 0.06 5.31 ± 0.52</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961BAECD65FC400C42" box="[902,1023,533,571]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">3.32 ± 0.62 5.52 ± 0.35</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961C79CD65FB510C42" box="[1105,1262,533,571]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">n.s. n.s.</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961D0BCD65FA140C42" box="[1315,1451,533,571]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">n.s. n.s.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A940691590B961846CD39FA140C0A" box="[110,1451,585,627]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<th id="768BFD7A91590B961846CD39FF560C0A" box="[110,233,585,627]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
PI (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C18A1CD3EFF780C25" bold="true" box="[137,199,590,604]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">89–102</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961912CD39FE7B0C0A" box="[314,452,585,627]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1912CD3DFE220C0A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79159F46C1912CD3DFE310C25" box="[314,398,589,604]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">A. thaliana</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79159F46C1912CD14FE220C0A" box="[314,413,612,627]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">T. salsuginea</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B9619DDCD39FDD40C0A" box="[501,619,585,627]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">4.49 ± 0.51 4.72 ± 0.75</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961A94CD39FC8A0C0A" box="[700,821,585,627]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">5.06 ± 0.12 * 3.76 ± 0.41 *</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961BAECD39FC400C0A" box="[902,1023,585,627]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">5.83 ± 1.03 5.00 ± 0.21</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961C79CD39FB510C0A" box="[1105,1262,585,627]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
12.7
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1C79CD14FBE10C0A" box="[1105,1118,612,627]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">—</emphasis>
|
||
20.3
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961D0BCD39FA140C0A" box="[1315,1451,585,627]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">n.s. n.s.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A940691590B961846CDF5FA140CD2" box="[110,1451,645,683]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<th id="768BFD7A91590B961846CDF5FF560CD2" box="[110,233,645,683]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
PS (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C18A5CDF5FF6A0CEA" bold="true" box="[141,213,645,660]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">103–128</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961912CDF5FE7B0CD2" box="[314,452,645,683]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1912CDF5FE220CD2" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79159F46C1912CDF5FE310CED" box="[314,398,645,660]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">A. thaliana</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79159F46C1912CDECFE220CD2" box="[314,413,668,683]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">T. salsuginea</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B9619DDCDF5FDD40CD2" box="[501,619,645,683]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">0.28 ± 0.05 0.34 ± 0.04</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961A94CDF5FC8A0CD2" box="[700,821,645,683]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">0.30 ± 0.03 0.36 ± 0.01</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961BAECDF5FC400CD2" box="[902,1023,645,683]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">0.33 ± 0.03 0.22 ± 0.04**</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961C79CDF5FB510CD2" box="[1105,1262,645,683]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">n.s. n.s.</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961D0BCDF5FA140CD2" box="[1315,1451,645,683]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
n.s.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1D0BCDECFA8F0CD2" box="[1315,1328,668,683]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">—</emphasis>
|
||
34.7
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A940691590B961846CDCCFA140C9B" box="[110,1451,700,738]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<th id="768BFD7A91590B961846CDCCFF560C9B" box="[110,233,700,738]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
PA (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C18A7CDCDFF680CB2" bold="true" box="[143,215,701,715]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">129–140</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961912CDCCFE7B0C9B" box="[314,452,700,738]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1912CDCCFE220C9B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79159F46C1912CDCCFE310CB2" box="[314,398,700,715]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">A. thaliana</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79159F46C1912CDA3FE220C9B" box="[314,413,723,738]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">T. salsuginea</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B9619DDCDCCFDD40C9B" box="[501,619,700,738]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">0.17 ± 0.02 0.25 ± 0.09</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961A94CDCCFC8A0C9B" box="[700,821,700,738]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">0.18 ± 0.03 0.28 ± 0.05</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961BAECDCCFC400C9B" box="[902,1023,700,738]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">0.34 ± 0.29 0.25 ± 0.04</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961C79CDCCFB510C9B" box="[1105,1262,700,738]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">n.s. n.s.</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961D0BCDCCFA140C9B" box="[1315,1451,700,738]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">n.s. n.s.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A940691590B961846CD8DFA140D69" box="[110,1451,765,784]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="768BFD7A91590B961846CD8DFE7B0D69" box="[110,452,765,784]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1846CC71FECA0D69" box="[110,373,769,784]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Total lipids (normalised signal mg</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C195DCD8DFE3A0D71" box="[373,389,765,776]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">—1</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C19A2CC71FE1B0D69" box="[394,420,769,784]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">dry</emphasis>
|
||
wt
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1995CC71FE7B0D69" box="[445,452,769,784]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355A940691590B961846CC64FA140D47" box="[110,1451,788,830]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<th id="768BFD7A91590B961846CC64FF560D47" box="[110,233,788,830]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Total lipids</th>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961912CC64FE7B0D47" box="[314,452,788,830]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1912CC68FE220D47" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79159F46C1912CC68FE310D5E" box="[314,398,792,807]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">A. thaliana</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79159F46C1912CC5FFE220D47" box="[314,413,815,830]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">T. salsuginea</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B9619DDCC64FDD40D47" box="[501,619,788,830]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">177.88 ± 10.91 166.74 ± 6.68</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961A94CC64FC8A0D47" box="[700,821,788,830]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">177.05 ± 6.57 197.46 ± 8.40 **</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961BAECC64FC400D47" box="[902,1023,788,830]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">113.16 ± 4.57 ** 170.85 ± 5.50</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961C79CC64FB510D47" box="[1105,1262,788,830]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">n.s. 18.4</td>
|
||
<td id="768BFD7A91590B961D0BCC64FA140D47" box="[1315,1451,788,830]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1D0BCC68FA8F0D5E" box="[1315,1328,792,807]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">—</emphasis>
|
||
36.4 n.s.
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<tableNote id="768C97CA9159F46C184FCC23FC090DD0" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" targetBox="[110,1451,239,830]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD596449159F46C184FCC23FDDA0D02" blockId="5.[96,1474,851,938]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<superScript id="7C1F3B0C9159F46C184FCC23FFD10D25" attach="left" box="[103,110,851,860]" fontSize="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">a</superScript>
|
||
The relative change (RC) in lipids from 1 day or 3 days to control is the percentage value for the difference between control values and the values at 1 day or 3 days after the onset of water stress. Values are means ± SD (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1A25CC1DFDA80D05" box="[525,535,877,892]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 4 or 5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD596449159F46C184FCCF0FC090DEB" blockId="5.[96,1474,851,938]" box="[103,950,896,915]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<superScript id="7C1F3B0C9159F46C184FCCF0FFD10DF3" attach="left" box="[103,110,896,906]" fontSize="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">*</superScript>
|
||
Indicates values that differ significantly from the control values within the species at a
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1B69CCF4FCF50DEA" box="[833,842,900,915]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">P</emphasis>
|
||
value
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1BA9CCF4FC300DEB" bold="true" box="[897,911,900,914]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">6</emphasis>
|
||
0.05.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD596449159F46C1848CCE7FC090DD0" blockId="5.[96,1474,851,938]" box="[96,950,919,938]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<superScript id="7C1F3B0C9159F46C1848CCE7FFD20DD8" attach="left" box="[96,109,919,929]" fontSize="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">**</superScript>
|
||
Indicates values that differ significantly from the control values within the species at a
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1B69CCEAFCF50DD0" box="[833,842,922,937]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">P</emphasis>
|
||
value
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1BA9CCEBFC300DD0" bold="true" box="[897,911,923,937]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">6</emphasis>
|
||
0.01.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
<caption id="DF15C6CC9159F46C187FC843FDEF0916" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10490711" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10490711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10490711/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" startId="5.[87,113,1843,1857]" targetBox="[323,1230,1088,1814]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD596449159F46C187FC843FDEF0916" blockId="5.[87,1474,1842,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C187FC843FF340938" bold="true" box="[87,139,1843,1857]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Changes in the levels of galactolipids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79159F46C19CFC842FD840938" box="[487,571,1842,1857]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C19CFC842FD840938" box="[487,571,1842,1857]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC79159F46C1A40C842FD720938" box="[616,717,1842,1857]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1A40C842FD720938" box="[616,717,1842,1857]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
following water stress. The treatment was identical to that described in Fig. 5. Values are means ± SD (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C18E8C839FF750921" box="[192,202,1865,1880]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 4 or 5).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1934C83BFE9A0921" bold="true" box="[284,293,1867,1880]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">⁄</emphasis>
|
||
indicates values that differ significantly from the control values within the species at a
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1BD9C839FC450921" box="[1009,1018,1865,1880]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">P</emphasis>
|
||
value
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1C18C83AFB810921" bold="true" box="[1072,1086,1866,1880]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">6</emphasis>
|
||
0.05.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1C42C83BFBC30921" bold="true" box="[1130,1148,1867,1880]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">⁄⁄</emphasis>
|
||
indicates values that differ significantly from the control values within the species at a
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C19F2C810FE5C0916" box="[474,483,1888,1903]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">P</emphasis>
|
||
value
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A569159F46C1A32C811FD970916" bold="true" box="[538,552,1889,1903]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">6</emphasis>
|
||
0.01.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD59644915AF46F185ACE52FE740F17" blockId="6.[113,753,290,366]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F185ACE52FE740F17" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
|
||
2.8. Water stress decreased DBI values of both plastidic and extra-plastidic membranes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915AF46F19BBCE4EFE430F2B" box="[403,508,318,338]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">A. thaliana</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but increased the DBI of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915AF46F1859CE2AFF530F17" box="[113,236,346,366]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">T. salsuginea</taxonomicName>
|
||
in plastidic membrane
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD59644915AF46F18B9CEE3FDE50D1D" blockId="6.[113,784,403,868]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
|
||
The DBI value reflects the level of unsaturation of acyl chains of glycerolipids. It correlates with the fluidity of the membrane, with a high DBI indicating high fluidity of the membrane and a low DBI indicating a low level of fluidity. The change of DBI differed between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915AF46F18FFCD71FEF70C6C" box="[215,328,513,533]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F18FFCD71FEF70C6C" box="[215,328,513,533]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915AF46F19A3CD71FDB10C6C" box="[395,526,513,533]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F19A3CD71FDB10C6C" box="[395,526,513,533]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
following water stress (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13518AC1915AF46F1852CD6EFF0A0C48" box="[122,181,542,561]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[113,139,1793,1807]" captionTargetBox="[139,759,925,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-945@6.[138,759,924,1764]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 8. Differences in changes of DBI between A. thaliana and T. salsuginea under water stress. The treatment was identical to that described for Fig. 5. DBI = Ʃ[N × mol% lipid])/100, where N is the total number of double bonds in the two fatty acid chains of each glycerolipid molecule.The plastidic DBI was calculated from the data for MGDG (17–32), DGDG (1–16), and PG (33–45). The extra-plastidic DBI was calculated from the data for PC (46–65), PE (66–88), PI (89–102), PS (103–128), and PA (129–140). Values are means ± SD (n = 5). ⁄ indicates values that differ significantly from the control values within the species at a P value 60.05. ⁄⁄ indicates values that differ significantly from the control values within the species at a P value 60.01." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10490717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10490717/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). The DBI of extra-plastidic lipids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915AF46F1A62CD6DFD090C48" box="[586,694,541,561]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F1A62CD6DFD090C48" box="[586,694,541,561]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
did not change on the first day, but decreased from 3.21 to 3.16 on the third day; by contrast, the DBI of extra-plastidic lipids in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915AF46F1A87CD25FF2B0CFC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F1A87CD25FF2B0CFC" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remained unchanged during whole process. The change in the DBI of plastidic lipids resembled that of extra-plastidic lipids in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915AF46F1AD5CDFCFF7F0CC5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F1AD5CDFCFF7F0CC5" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: it remained unchanged on the first day and decreased on the third day. However, the profile of the change in the DBI of plastidic lipids in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915AF46F18D3CD90FECA0C8D" box="[251,373,736,756]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F18D3CD90FECA0C8D" box="[251,373,736,756]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was distinctive: whereas it increased on the first day (from 5.32 to 5.39), it remained at the same elevated level on the third day. The increased trend of DBI of plastidic lipids suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915AF46F1923CC44FE3A0D31" box="[267,389,820,840]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F1923CC44FE3A0D31" box="[267,389,820,840]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was able to improve the fluidity of the plastidic membrane in response to water stress.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD59644915AF46F1B17CFC5FBEB0E9C" blockId="6.[831,1462,181,229]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F1B17CFC5FA090EB0" box="[831,1462,181,201]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">2.9. No major changes in LysoPLs occurred during water stress in</emphasis>
|
||
<heading id="D09D2128915AF46F1B17CFA1FBEB0E9C" box="[831,1108,209,229]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" reason="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F1B17CFA1FBEB0E9C" box="[831,1108,209,229]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915AF46F1B17CFA1FC060E9C" ID-CoL="568D4" box="[831,953,209,229]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">T. salsuginea</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915AF46F1BC4CFA1FBEB0E9C" box="[1004,1108,209,229]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">A. thaliana</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD59644915AF46F1B76CE7AFC2B0D56" blockId="6.[831,1501,266,815]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
|
||
Lysophospholipids [LysoPLs (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F1CA7CE7AFB570F64" bold="true" box="[1167,1256,266,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">141–156</emphasis>
|
||
)], which include lysophosphatidylcholine [LysoPC (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F1C45CE56FB790F40" bold="true" box="[1133,1222,294,313]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">141–146</emphasis>
|
||
)], lysophosphatidylglycerol [LysoPG (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F1B8BCE32FC440F2C" bold="true" box="[931,1019,322,341]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">152–156</emphasis>
|
||
)], and lysophosphatidylethanolamine [LysoPE (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F1B6FCE2EFC1F0F08" bold="true" box="[839,928,350,369]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">147–151</emphasis>
|
||
)] are derived from the hydrolysis of phospholipids at the sn-1 or sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. In comparison with other membrane glycerolipids, the content of LysoPLs (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F1B6FCEC1FC1F0FBD" bold="true" box="[839,928,433,453]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">141–156</emphasis>
|
||
) in membranes is low but very sensitive to stresses, such as freezing, cold, and heat shock (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFBEBB5915AF46F1CB8CEBDFAA50F99" author="Li, W. & Wang, R. & Li, M. & Li, L. & Wang, C. & Welti, R. & Wang, X." box="[1168,1306,461,481]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" pagination="461 - 468" refId="ref10258" refString="Li, W., Wang, R., Li, M., Li, L., Wang, C., Welti, R., Wang, X., 2008. Differential degradation of extraplastidic and plastidic lipids during freezing and postfreezing recovery in Arabidopsis thaliana. J. Biol. Chem. 283, 461 - 468." type="journal article" year="2008">Li et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFBEBB5915AF46F1D0CCEBDFA700F99" author="Welti, R. & Li, W. & Li, M. & Sang, Y. & Biesiada, H. & Zhou, H. - E. & Rajashekar, C. B. & Williams, T. D. & Wang, X." box="[1316,1487,461,481]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" pagination="31994 - 32002" refId="ref11327" refString="Welti, R., Li, W., Li, M., Sang, Y., Biesiada, H., Zhou, H. - E., Rajashekar, C. B., Williams, T. D., Wang, X., 2002. Profiling membrane lipids in plant stress responses: role of phospholipase Doi in freezing-induced lipid changes in Arabidopsis. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 31994 - 32002." type="journal article" year="2002">Welti et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Upon exposure to stress, LysoPLs (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F1C82CE99FABC0F85" bold="true" box="[1194,1283,489,508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">141–156</emphasis>
|
||
) usually increase by five- to 20-fold within hours or even minutes. In the present study, the content of LysoPLs (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F1C11CD51FB2E0C4D" bold="true" box="[1081,1169,545,564]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">141–156</emphasis>
|
||
) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915AF46F1C97CD50FA960C4D" box="[1215,1321,544,564]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F1C97CD50FA960C4D" box="[1215,1321,544,564]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915AF46F1D48CD50FA630C4D" box="[1376,1500,544,564]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F1D48CD50FA630C4D" box="[1376,1500,544,564]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was also analysed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13518AC1915AF46F1C2BCD4DFB860C29" box="[1027,1081,573,592]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[87,113,950,964]" captionTargetBox="[324,1230,183,920]" captionTargetId="figure-753@7.[322,1230,181,920]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 9. Changes in the levels of LysoPLs (141–156) in A. thaliana and T. salsuginea following water stress. The treatment was identical to that described in Fig. 5. Values are means ± SD (n = 4 or 5). ⁄ indicates values that differ significantly from the control values within the species at a P value 60.05. ⁄⁄ indicates values that differ significantly from the control values within the species at a P value 60.01." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10490721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10490721/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915AF46F1CC7CD4CFAD70C29" box="[1263,1384,572,592]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F1CC7CD4CFAD70C29" box="[1263,1384,572,592]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915AF46F1D5CCD4CFA630C29" box="[1396,1500,572,592]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F1D5CCD4CFA630C29" box="[1396,1500,572,592]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had a lower level of LysoPLs (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F1C45CD29FB790C15" bold="true" box="[1133,1222,601,620]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">141–156</emphasis>
|
||
) under both control conditions and after water stress. However, there were no significant changes in the levels of LysoPLs (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F1CBBCDE0FB540CDA" bold="true" box="[1171,1259,656,676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">141–156</emphasis>
|
||
) after either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915AF46F1D5CCDFFFA630CDA" box="[1396,1500,655,675]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Arabidopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thaliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F1D5CCDFFFA630CDA" box="[1396,1500,655,675]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">A. thaliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915AF46F1B73CDDBFC690CC6" box="[859,982,683,703]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F1B73CDDBFC690CC6" box="[859,982,683,703]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were subjected to water stress, except for a slight increase of 18:3 LysoPLs (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F1C65CDB8FBCC0CA2" bold="true" box="[1101,1139,712,731]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">146</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F1CA9CDB8FB180CA2" bold="true" box="[1153,1191,712,731]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">151</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F1C9DCDB8FB640CA2" bold="true" box="[1205,1243,712,731]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">156</emphasis>
|
||
) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6AEDC7915AF46F1D21CDB7FA3A0CA2" box="[1289,1413,711,731]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thellungiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salsuginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F1D21CDB7FA3A0CA2" box="[1289,1413,711,731]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">T. salsuginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13518AC1915AF46F1DBFCDB8FA700CA2" box="[1431,1487,712,731]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[87,113,950,964]" captionTargetBox="[324,1230,183,920]" captionTargetId="figure-753@7.[322,1230,181,920]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 9. Changes in the levels of LysoPLs (141–156) in A. thaliana and T. salsuginea following water stress. The treatment was identical to that described in Fig. 5. Values are means ± SD (n = 4 or 5). ⁄ indicates values that differ significantly from the control values within the species at a P value 60.05. ⁄⁄ indicates values that differ significantly from the control values within the species at a P value 60.01." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10490721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10490721/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). These results indicated that the changes of LysoPLs (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91E4A56915AF46F1D62CD94FA1C0C8E" bold="true" box="[1354,1443,740,760]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">141–156</emphasis>
|
||
) during water stress differed from those following exposure to other stresses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |