289 lines
34 KiB
XML
289 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="9C93A39C30BC20BBA4911E31C9DB92F2" ID-CLB-Dataset="46304" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.205904" ID-GBIF-Dataset="62376e09-f30b-4fb0-a635-8f8f43e008fd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="205904" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460391967158" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sasakawa, Mitsuhiro" docDate="2011" docId="03A787A1FFC1FFA8FF5EFE02ED5B1F33" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03038p028.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3038" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Sobarocephala Czerny" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="FF9EFFD9FFC4FFADFFC9FFB5EF5D1878" masterDocTitle="Oriental species of clusiid flies (Diptera: Clusiidae: Clusiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698298315006" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="601E6C10170130129D79AFF4D6AFF626">
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<mods:title id="F5C2F8158FF6F956F8CE740F0140DC27">Oriental species of clusiid flies (Diptera: Clusiidae: Clusiinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7E9518D1249208ED200507527BBE5836" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="28296BA25C9A3F545601E0DD2AA7DC78">Sasakawa, Mitsuhiro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="82989E6BBA7CE63F2057560F4FFF84D5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="AE2E516374BDDEF53BEBB21DC4C6E23A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8382BDB2046034C28EBD6F90BA96438D">
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<mods:date id="9347ADD951A2238C9D9C73DBDF9EC76F">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="71322BB54B4863A91A517695B6907616">3038</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="EFFDABC36922A2BCE543EAC5F3D1EE2E" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.205904</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A787A1FFC1FFA8FF5EFE02ED5B1F33" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3508628" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119416987" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3508628" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A787A1FFC1FFA8FF5EFE02ED5B1F33" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787A1FFC1FFA8FF5EFE02ED5B1F33" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="C314653CFFC1FFA8FF5EFE02ED5819A9" box="[151,517,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB136B7FFC1FFA8FF5EFE02ED5819A9" blockId="5.[151,517,439,465]" box="[151,517,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<heading id="D0F981DBFFC1FFA8FF5EFE02ED5819A9" bold="true" box="[151,517,439,465]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FF5EFE02ED5819A9" bold="true" box="[151,517,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FF27FE02ED5819A9" ID-CoL="7J9F" ID-ENA="574054" authority="Czerny" authorityName="Czerny" box="[238,517,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FF27FE02EEFE19A9" bold="true" box="[238,419,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sobarocephala</emphasis>
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Czerny
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C314653CFFC1FFA8FF5EFE4AEC601A4B" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB136B7FFC1FFA8FF5EFE4AEC601A4B" blockId="5.[151,1380,510,563]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1E1199FFC1FFA8FF5EFE4AEC601A4B" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FF5EFE4AEEBB1A6C" ID-CoL="7J9F" authority="Czerny, 1903: 85" authorityName="Czerny" authorityPageNumber="85" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,486,510,533]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FF5EFE4AEE6D1A6D" box="[151,304,511,533]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sobarocephala</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAF10A6FFC1FFA8FEFCFE4AEEBB1A6C" author="Czerny" box="[309,486,510,532]" page="85" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1903">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B46FFC1FFA8FEFCFE4AEE9D1A6C" author="Czerny" box="[309,448,511,532]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Czerny, L. (1903) Revision der Heteroneuriden. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 22, 61 - 107." type="journal article" year="1903">Czerny, 1903</bibRefCitation>
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: 85
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54B58815FFC1FFA8FE26FE4AED7C1A6C" box="[495,545,511,532]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
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species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FDB7FE4AEB721A6C" ID-CoL="4XYDL" authority="Czerny, 1903" authorityName="Czerny" authorityYear="1903" box="[638,1071,511,533]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruebsaameni">
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<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FDB7FE4AECFD1A6D" box="[638,928,511,533]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sobarocephala ruebsaameni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B46FFC1FFA8FC6CFE4AEB721A6C" author="Czerny" box="[933,1071,511,532]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Czerny, L. (1903) Revision der Heteroneuriden. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 22, 61 - 107." type="journal article" year="1903">Czerny, 1903</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fixed by original designation.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FF5EFDA8EE8F1A4B" authority="Soos, 1964" authorityName="Soos" authorityYear="1964" box="[151,466,541,563]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephaloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FF5EFDA8EE051A4B" box="[151,344,541,563]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sobarocephaloides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B46FFC1FFA8FE97FDA8EE8F1A4B" author="Soos" box="[350,466,541,563]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Soos, A. (1964) Sobarocephaloides discolor gen. nov., spec. nov., eine neue Clusiide aus Costa-Rica, nebst einer Bestimmungstabelle der Gattungen der Familie Clusiidae (Diptera, Acalyptrata). Reichenbachia, 4, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1964">Soós, 1964</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAF10A6FFC1FFA8FE15FDA8EC641A4B" author="Lonsdale" box="[476,825,541,563]" page="165" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="2006">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B46FFC1FFA8FE15FDA8EC5B1A4B" author="Lonsdale" box="[476,774,541,563]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Lonsdale, O. & Marshall, S. A. (2006) Redefinition of the Clusiinae and Clusiodinae, description of the new subfamily Sobarocephalinae, revision of the genus Chaetoclusia and a description of Procerosoma gen. n. (Diptera: Clusiidae). European Journal of Entomology, 103, 163 - 182." type="journal article" year="2006">
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Lonsdale and
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<collectingCountry id="F3197627FFC1FFA8FDA3FDA8ED9B1A4B" box="[618,710,541,563]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Marshall</collectingCountry>
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, 2006
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 165
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C314653CFFC1FFA8FF5EFDEAED351B57" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BB136B7FFC1FFA8FF5EFDEAED351B57" blockId="5.[151,1437,607,1867]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FF5EFDEAEE4C1A00" bold="true" box="[151,273,607,632]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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This genus belongs to the subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FD7FFDEAEC7E1A0F" box="[694,803,607,631]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Clusiinae">Clusiinae</taxonomicName>
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, and has the following diagnostic characters: oc and poc present; occiput flat to shallowly concave; arista densely to sparsely plumose; dc two or three, prsc rarely present; sc variable in number; mid tibia always with dp, rarely fore tibia with short one; crossvein bm-cu either absent or present but incomplete at base, M1 ratio 2.5–4.5, ultimate section of CuA1 1/2–2/3 as long as penultimate section; surstylus varying in shape, usually large, lobate, sparsely spinose along anterior ventroapical margin on inner side; paraphallus usually with minute spinules.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C314653CFFC1FFA8FF0EFC8EED361BE2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB136B7FFC1FFA8FF0EFC8EED361BE2" blockId="5.[151,1437,607,1867]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FF0EFC8EEE661B2B" bold="true" box="[199,315,827,851]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This is a predomionantly Neotropical genus, as stated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B46FFC1FFA8FC16FC8FEBDA1B2A" author="Hennig" box="[991,1159,826,850]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Hennig, W. (1938) Beitr age zur Kenntnis der Clusiiden und ihres Kopulationsapparates (Dipt., Acalypt.). Encyclopedie Entomologique, Serie B II. Diptera, 9, 121 - 138." type="journal article" year="1938">Hennig (1938)</bibRefCitation>
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, but it is also known to occur almost throughout the world except for Europe. In the Oriental region, two species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FB43FCEAEFE81BE3" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nepalensis">
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<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FB43FCEAEFE81BE3" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sobarocephala nepalensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FF22FC36EE211BE3" box="[235,380,899,923]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vockerothi">
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<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FF22FC36EE211BE3" box="[235,380,899,923]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. vockerothi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, have been recorded.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C314653CFFC1FFA8FF0CFC12ED5B1F33" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB136B7FFC1FFA8FF0CFC12EEBB1D7D" blockId="5.[151,1437,607,1867]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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The
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FF35FC12EE3B1BC7" ID-CoL="8CL" box="[252,358,935,959]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Clusiidae</taxonomicName>
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have traditionally been divided into two subfamilies that were originally outlined by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B46FFC1FFA8FAA0FC1DEFBE1B9A" author="Frey" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Frey, R. (1960) Studien uber indoaustralische Clusiiden (Dipt.) nebst Katalog der Clusiiden. Commentationes Biologicae, 22, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1960">Frey (1960)</bibRefCitation>
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, the
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FED4FC7FEEDA1B9A" ID-CoL="87CFY" box="[285,391,970,994]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Clusiinae">Clusiinae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FE0BFC7FED151B9A" ID-CoL="87CFZ" box="[450,584,970,994]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Clusiodinae">Clusiodinae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B46FFC1FFA8FD90FC7FED881B9A" author="Soos" box="[601,725,970,994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Soos, A. (1964) Sobarocephaloides discolor gen. nov., spec. nov., eine neue Clusiide aus Costa-Rica, nebst einer Bestimmungstabelle der Gattungen der Familie Clusiidae (Diptera, Acalyptrata). Reichenbachia, 4, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1964">Soós 1964</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B46FFC1FFA8FD2AFC7FECCA1B9A" author="Sasakawa" box="[739,919,970,994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Sasakawa, M. (1998) Family Clusiidae. In: Papp, L. & Darvas, B. (Eds), Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera, 3. Science Herald, Budapest, pp. 219 - 225." type="journal article" year="1998">Sasakawa 1998</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B46FFC1FFA8FC65FC7FEA581B9A" author="Lonsdale" box="[940,1285,970,994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Lonsdale, O. & Marshall, S. A. (2006) Redefinition of the Clusiinae and Clusiodinae, description of the new subfamily Sobarocephalinae, revision of the genus Chaetoclusia and a description of Procerosoma gen. n. (Diptera: Clusiidae). European Journal of Entomology, 103, 163 - 182." type="journal article" year="2006">
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||
Lonsdale and
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<collectingCountry id="F3197627FFC1FFA8FB87FC7FEBEC1B9A" box="[1102,1201,970,994]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Marshall</collectingCountry>
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||
(2006)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
designated a new subfamily, Sobarocephallinae, including the three genera
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FC90FC5AEB5F1C7F" ID-CoL="7J9F" box="[857,1026,1007,1031]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FC90FC5AEB5F1C7F" box="[857,1026,1007,1031]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sobarocephala</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FBD8FC5AEA3A1C7F" ID-CoL="3LKP" authority="Coquillett, 1904" authorityName="Coquillett" authorityYear="1904" box="[1041,1383,1007,1031]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Chaetoclusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FBD8FC5AEBF81C7F" box="[1041,1189,1007,1031]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chaetoclusia</emphasis>
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||
Coquillett, 1904
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, and
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FF5EFBA1ED241C52" ID-CoL="6W7N" authority="Lonsdale and Marshall, 2006" authorityName="Lonsdale and Marshall" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,633,1042,1067]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Procerosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FF5EFBA1EE711C53" box="[151,300,1044,1067]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Procerosoma</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B46FFC1FFA8FEFBFBA7ED241C52" author="Lonsdale" box="[306,633,1042,1066]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Lonsdale, O. & Marshall, S. A. (2006) Redefinition of the Clusiinae and Clusiodinae, description of the new subfamily Sobarocephalinae, revision of the genus Chaetoclusia and a description of Procerosoma gen. n. (Diptera: Clusiidae). European Journal of Entomology, 103, 163 - 182." type="journal article" year="2006">
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||
Lonsdale and
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<collectingCountry id="F3197627FFC1FFA8FE07FBA7ED691C52" box="[462,564,1042,1066]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Marshall</collectingCountry>
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, 2006
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, on the basis of the wing venation (M1 ratio 3.0 or more, cell bm confluent with cell dm), thoracic and leg chaetotaxies (prs and fb absent, fore femur entirely setulose), male genitalic characters (surstylus large, hypandrial ventral lobe as long as hypandrial arm, pregonite small), and loss of the sixth spiracle. Also, they transferred two genera,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FD5FFB37ECB11CE1" ID-CoL="4WJ9" authority="Czerny, 1903" authorityName="Czerny" authorityYear="1903" box="[662,1004,1153,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FD5FFB37EC151CE1" box="[662,840,1154,1177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Heteromeringia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B46FFC1FFA8FC9AFB34ECB11CE1" author="Czerny" box="[851,1004,1153,1177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Czerny, L. (1903) Revision der Heteroneuriden. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 22, 61 - 107." type="journal article" year="1903">Czerny, 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FBE3FB37EAC51CE1" ID-CoL="89RMZ" authority="Sasakawa, 1966" authorityName="Sasakawa" authorityYear="1966" box="[1066,1432,1153,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Tranomeringia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FBE3FB37EB8F1CE1" box="[1066,1234,1154,1177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tranomeringia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B46FFC1FFA8FB14FB34EAC51CE1" author="Sasakawa" box="[1245,1432,1153,1177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Sasakawa, M. (1966) Studies on the Oriental and Pacific Clusiidae (Diptera). Part 1. Genus Heteromeringia Czerny, with one new related genus. Pacific Insects, 8, 61 - 100." type="journal article" year="1966">Sasakawa, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FEC9FB10EE371CC5" ID-CoL="87CFY" box="[256,362,1189,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Clusiinae">Clusiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FE75FB10ED181CC5" ID-CoL="87CFZ" box="[444,581,1189,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Clusiodinae">Clusiodinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FD98FB13EDA71CC6" ID-CoL="7J9F" box="[593,762,1190,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FD98FB13EDA71CC6" box="[593,762,1190,1214]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sobarocephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is here retained in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FBC8FB10EB331CC5" ID-CoL="87CFY" box="[1025,1134,1189,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Clusiinae">Clusiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B46FFC1FFA8FB26FB10EACA1CC5" author="Hennig" box="[1263,1431,1189,1213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Hennig, W. (1938) Beitr age zur Kenntnis der Clusiiden und ihres Kopulationsapparates (Dipt., Acalypt.). Encyclopedie Entomologique, Serie B II. Diptera, 9, 121 - 138." type="journal article" year="1938">Hennig (1938)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B46FFC1FFA8FF5EFB7CEE001C99" author="McAlpine" box="[151,349,1225,1249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="McAlpine, D. K. (1960) A review of the Australian species of Clusiidae (Diptera, Acalyptrata). Records of the Australian Museum, 25, 63 - 94." type="journal article" year="1960">McAlpine (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B46FFC1FFA8FEA0FB7CEEAF1C99" author="Soos" box="[361,498,1225,1249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Soos, A. (1964) Sobarocephaloides discolor gen. nov., spec. nov., eine neue Clusiide aus Costa-Rica, nebst einer Bestimmungstabelle der Gattungen der Familie Clusiidae (Diptera, Acalyptrata). Reichenbachia, 4, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1964">Soós (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B46FFC1FFA8FDE3FB7CEDB01C99" author="Sasakawa" box="[554,749,1225,1249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Sasakawa, M. (1998) Family Clusiidae. In: Papp, L. & Darvas, B. (Eds), Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera, 3. Science Herald, Budapest, pp. 219 - 225." type="journal article" year="1998">Sasakawa (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, treating the inclinate third (lowermost) or as homologous to that found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FEE4FB5AEE821D7E" ID-CoL="4WJ9" box="[301,479,1263,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FEE4FB5AEE821D7E" box="[301,479,1263,1286]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Heteromeringia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136B7FFC1FFA8FF0EFAA7EBF51E34" blockId="5.[151,1437,607,1867]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
In the Oriental species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FE24FAA4EDCB1D51" ID-CoL="7J9F" box="[493,662,1297,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FE24FAA4EDCB1D51" box="[493,662,1297,1321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sobarocephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
here examined, the M1 ratio is 2.7–4.5, prs is absent, the hypandrial ventral lobe is almost as long as the hypandrial arm, and the pregonite is small. However, cells bm and dm are separated by crossvein bm-cu in all species, although this crossvein is slightly broken just before reaching the medial vein. Furthermore, refuting the subfamilial definition of the Sobarocephalinae cited above, the fore femora of three new species,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FEE4FA10ED301DC4" box="[301,621,1444,1468]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FEE4FA10EE9A1DC4" ID-CoL="8F33V" box="[301,455,1444,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baculigera">S. baculigera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FE1AFA10ED341DC4" ID-CoL="8F35D" box="[467,617,1444,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscifacies">S. fuscifacies</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FD6FFA10EC641DC4" ID-CoL="8F36N" box="[678,825,1444,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megastylis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FD6FFA10EC641DC4" box="[678,825,1444,1468]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. megastylis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have several fb (usually three on the dorsodistal part and two on the posterodorsal) as seen in many species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FCDAFA7DEC201D98" ID-CoL="87CFY" box="[787,893,1480,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Clusiinae">Clusiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(an entirely setulose femur is an additional character purportedly defining the Sobarocephalinae); also, while the surstyli of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FC24FA58EBDF1E7C" ID-CoL="8F33V" box="[1005,1154,1516,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baculigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FC24FA58EBDF1E7C" box="[1005,1154,1516,1540]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. baculigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FB58FA58EA451E7C" ID-CoL="8F355" box="[1169,1304,1516,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurystylis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FB58FA58EA451E7C" box="[1169,1304,1516,1540]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. eurystylis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FAD6FA58EA241E7D" bold="true" box="[1311,1401,1517,1541]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957DEFFC1FFA8FAD6FA58EA241E7D" box="[1311,1401,1517,1541]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FA4EFA58EE4D1E50" ID-CoL="8F36N" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megastylis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FA4EFA58EAC81E7C" box="[1415,1429,1517,1540]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FF5EF9A5EE4D1E50" box="[151,272,1552,1576]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">megastylis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FE85F9A4EE831E50" ID-CoL="6YTR2" box="[332,478,1552,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vockerothi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FE85F9A4EE071E50" box="[332,346,1553,1576]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FEA0F9A5EE831E50" box="[361,478,1552,1576]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">vockerothi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are large (about 0.7 as long as the epandrium), those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FB96F9A4EBAF1E50" ID-CoL="8F35D" box="[1119,1266,1552,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscifacies">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FB96F9A4EB301E50" box="[1119,1133,1553,1576]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FBB5F9A5EBAF1E50" box="[1148,1266,1552,1576]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">fuscifacies</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FAE2F9A4EF9E1E34" ID-CoL="8F35J" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geniculata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FAE2F9A4EF9E1E34" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. geniculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FF00F980EE7E1E35" bold="true" box="[201,291,1589,1613]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957DEFFC1FFA8FF00F980EE7E1E35" box="[201,291,1589,1613]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are narrowly projecting, as seen in species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FCE0F980EBF91E34" ID-CoL="4WJ9" authority="Sasakawa 1966" authorityName="Sasakawa" authorityYear="1966" box="[809,1188,1588,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FCE0F980EC861E34" box="[809,987,1589,1612]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Heteromeringia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B46FFC1FFA8FC20F981EBC11E34" author="Sasakawa" box="[1001,1180,1588,1612]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Sasakawa, M. (1966) Studies on the Oriental and Pacific Clusiidae (Diptera). Part 1. Genus Heteromeringia Czerny, with one new related genus. Pacific Insects, 8, 61 - 100." type="journal article" year="1966">Sasakawa 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB136B7FFC1FFA8FF0EF9ECED5B1F33" blockId="5.[151,1437,607,1867]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
A high M1 ratio of 4.0 to 8.5 (mostly around 5.5) is found in the Oriental, Australasian/Oceanian, and Afrotropical species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FE83F935EEA11EEF" ID-CoL="4WJ9" box="[330,508,1664,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Heteromeringia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FE83F935EEA11EEF" box="[330,508,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Heteromeringia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B46FFC1FFA8FDC3F9CAEDE11EEF" author="Sasakawa" box="[522,700,1663,1687]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Sasakawa, M. (1966) Studies on the Oriental and Pacific Clusiidae (Diptera). Part 1. Genus Heteromeringia Czerny, with one new related genus. Pacific Insects, 8, 61 - 100." type="journal article" year="1966">Sasakawa 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B46FFC1FFA8FD0FF9CAECCE1EEF" author="Stuckenberg" box="[710,915,1663,1687]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Stuckenberg, B. R. (1973) New and little-known Clusiidae (Diptera) from South Africa and Mocambique. Annals of the Natal Museum, 21, 579 - 593." type="journal article" year="1973">Stuckenberg 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), agreeing with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FB8EF9CAEBAD1EEF" ID-CoL="7J9F" box="[1095,1264,1663,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FB8EF9CAEBAD1EEF" box="[1095,1264,1663,1687]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sobarocephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the diagnostic character given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B46FFC1FFA8FE6DF916EC541EC3" author="Lonsdale" box="[420,777,1699,1723]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Lonsdale, O. & Marshall, S. A. (2006) Redefinition of the Clusiinae and Clusiodinae, description of the new subfamily Sobarocephalinae, revision of the genus Chaetoclusia and a description of Procerosoma gen. n. (Diptera: Clusiidae). European Journal of Entomology, 103, 163 - 182." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Lonsdale and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3197627FFC1FFA8FD82F916EDF21EC3" box="[587,687,1699,1723]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Marshall</collectingCountry>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In the species of the genera C
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FB4AF916EBE41EC3" box="[1155,1209,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">lusia</emphasis>
|
||
Haliday, 1838 and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FF5EF972EE771EA7" box="[151,298,1735,1759]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FF5EF972EE7B1EA7" ID-CoL="6PLF" box="[151,294,1735,1759]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Phylloclusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phylloclusia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the hypandrial ventral lobe is almost as long as the hypandrial arm (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B46FFC1FFA8FBF8F972EE0A1F7B" author="Sasakawa" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Sasakawa, M. (1965) A new species of the genus Paraclusia from Shikoku, Japan (Diptera: Clusiidae). Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society, 8, 91 - 92." type="journal article" year="1965">
|
||
Sasakawa 1965: fig. 4, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FA92F97DEE0A1F7B" ID-CoL="8D6CB" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Paraclusia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omogensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FA92F97DEE0A1F7B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paraclusia omogensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Moreover, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FDC1F95EECA71F7B" ID-CoL="6YTQV" authority="Stuckenberg, 1973" authorityName="Stuckenberg" authorityYear="1973" box="[520,1018,1771,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" genus="Sobarocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zuluensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AEAA5FFC1FFA8FDC1F95EEC421F7B" box="[520,799,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sobarocephala zuluensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B46FFC1FFA8FCEFF95EECA71F7B" author="Stuckenberg" box="[806,1018,1771,1795]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Stuckenberg, B. R. (1973) New and little-known Clusiidae (Diptera) from South Africa and Mocambique. Annals of the Natal Museum, 21, 579 - 593." type="journal article" year="1973">Stuckenberg, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the sixth spiracle is present between the sixth and seventh sternites (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B46FFC1FFA8FE3CF8BAEC501F5F" author="Stuckenberg" box="[501,781,1807,1831]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Stuckenberg, B. R. (1973) New and little-known Clusiidae (Diptera) from South Africa and Mocambique. Annals of the Natal Museum, 21, 579 - 593." type="journal article" year="1973">Stuckenberg 1973: fig. 6</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Therefore, no clear-cut distinction can be found between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D34FFC1FFA8FF5EF886EE5C1F33" ID-CoL="87CFY" box="[151,257,1843,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Clusiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Clusiinae">Clusiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Sobarocephalinae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |