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<document id="C2A5E693F9EF5A5A05F7A2E2E2411204" ID-CLB-Dataset="20309" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.536.3.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="44447229-5207-4471-a2fb-c7b0b84aa841" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6331933" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1646593178365" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Batista, João A. N. &amp; Medeiros, Alexandre Da Silva" docDate="2022" docId="039F6B0F3E68FFB5FF76FC3BFE7AF896" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.536.3.8.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 536 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Cyrtopodium flavopunctatum J. A. N. Bat. &amp; A. Medeiros 1813, nothosp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="284" masterDocId="FFA613773E69FFB0FFFEFFACFFE3FFA7" masterDocTitle="A new putative natural hybrid of Cyrtopodium (Orchidaceae) from the south coast of Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="286" masterPageNumber="279" pageNumber="280" updateTime="1699316755466" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="9ADC8FAC6C5C5A618C63D48EFCEF1315" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="63924D0D27B618DEAC19C55328E4C049">
<mods:title id="9E199DE49B4DC7A11DC43562E871F406">A new putative natural hybrid of Cyrtopodium (Orchidaceae) from the south coast of Brazil</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="3FC9D828586DE1FD9B327284CF0E0109" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7D0F55B848EC778A49FED67AF3EA76FC">
<mods:roleTerm id="1BE7C6FC31EEBC7CB90C03521F5CED1B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="032EBF600935BC5ABC8B9DC30C97547A">Batista, João A. N.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2A9901345B92FF6186488ABA15693AAC">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, 31270 - 910, Minas Gerais, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role id="FFBD909FB56B001E23D1E1EE4240E2A9">
<mods:roleTerm id="ADE68A8BFDA4B553B20A9C5F2D1ED738">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D92DE99D17C6DDB0E43D1C78F9593E65">Medeiros, Alexandre Da Silva</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AE4F8F6AB731C122A5B1E7614DE2C2FE">Unicesumar, Avenida Guedner, 1610, Jardim Aclimacão, Maringá, PR, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="EE325F5C33F08DAB2A069174EF13126E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="B69160E46F3C904493B2E6E1B1B93B95">
<mods:title id="607E364574D5291737E38006558CDADB">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="5A425C02D152F04AB6D6CBFDA605F330">
<mods:date id="85C82BD4587C16806D50ED13D78637E5">2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="BACD62FD5EBF7410EB044FC1702BDF8B" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="28F14D7395D535DDCAC0E25E0187BE65">2022-02-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2ACB28AA11AD556E10AEE57B35F4FC4C">536</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="385347FA835B31C1BE76B1839A90AA54">3</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="AB34AB09ED30DFDEFC27B5957FB5B56E">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="4D4235F84EBAB258E6083F268A07C8E0" type="CLB-Dataset">20309</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7FD3A43CB2D0D56AEDBABD50C040F924" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.536.3.8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9B4EB30F71C837C999447872FD845CD3" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DD4738C0767BA02214FA77E41D8BCB12" type="Zenodo-Dep">6331933</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039F6B0F3E68FFB5FF76FC3BFE7AF896" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6344030" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193895057" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6344030" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F6B0F3E68FFB5FF76FC3BFE7AF896" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F6B0F3E68FFB5FF76FC3BFE7AF896" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="284" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
<subSubSection id="C32C89923E68FFB1FF76FC3BFC3DFC09" box="[136,990,919,942]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B89DA193E68FFB1FF76FC3BFC3DFC09" blockId="1.[136,1217,919,978]" box="[136,990,919,942]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E68FFB1FF76FC3BFD5FFC09" authority="J.A.N.Bat. &amp; A.Medeiros" authorityName="J. A. N. Bat. &amp; A. Medeiros" authorityYear="1813" box="[136,700,919,942]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavopunctatum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E68FFB1FF76FC3BFEEAFC0A" bold="true" box="[136,265,919,941]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Cyrtopodium</emphasis>
×
<emphasis id="B942060B3E68FFB1FEDDFC3BFE5CFC0A" bold="true" box="[291,447,919,941]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">flavopunctatum</emphasis>
J.A.N.Bat. &amp; A.Medeiros
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B942060B3E68FFB1FD38FC34FCA5FC0A" box="[710,838,920,941]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A271BB703E68FFB1FD38FC34FCA5FC0A" box="[710,838,920,941]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">nothosp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="130DC69C3E68FFB1FCACFC34FC22FC0A" box="[850,961,920,942]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[268,1320,350,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-94@2.[268,1320,350,1892]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and morphological characters of Cyrtopodium × flavopunctatum. A. Habitat, shrubby resting in sandy coastal plain, municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina. B. Cyrtopodium plants in the locality of the type. C. Inflorescence. D. Flower, front view E. Flower, dissected segments. Putative parental species. F. Cyrtopodium flavum (without voucher, São Francisco do Sul, Santa Catarina). G. Cyrtopodium gigas (Batista 1448—CEN, Santa Catarina). H. Cyrtopodium palmifrons (without voucher, Minas Gerais). Scale bars: C = 5 cm; D–E = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6331935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6331935/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Figs. 1C–E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130DC69C3E68FFB1FC35FC34FC3BFC09" box="[971,984,920,942]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1987,2009]" captionTargetBox="[171,1400,228,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[160,1428,190,1962]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cyrtopodium × flavopunctatum. A. Habit and inflorescence. B. Flower, front view. C. Perianth. D. Bract. E. Ovary and gynostemium. Drawn by Alexandre Medeiros from Medeiros 1179." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6331937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6331937/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C89923E68FFB1FF76FC10FB22FC75" box="[136,1217,956,978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B89DA193E68FFB1FF76FC10FB22FC75" blockId="1.[136,1217,919,978]" box="[136,1217,956,978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E68FFB1FF76FC10FF59FC76" bold="true" box="[136,186,956,977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Type</emphasis>
:—
<materialsCitation id="3B5ED0443E68FFB1FF29FC10FB22FC75" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3699027301" box="[215,1217,956,978]" collectingDate="2018-11-17" collectorName="A. Medeiros" country="Brazil" location="Sao Francisco do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Catarina" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F3219A893E68FFB1FF29FC10FED0FC76" box="[215,307,956,977]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49F214FB3E68FFB1FEC2FC10FE2FFC75" box="[316,460,956,978]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="8EE98CC23E68FFB1FE2BFC10FD41FC75" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F6B0F3E68FFB5FF76FC3BFE7AF896:8EE98CC23E68FFB1FE2BFC10FD41FC75" box="[469,674,956,978]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Francisco do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">São Francisco do Sul</location>
,
<date id="FF88FCD93E68FFB1FD52FC10FC85FC76" box="[684,870,956,978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" value="2018-11-17">
<collectingDate id="EFCC05313E68FFB1FD52FC10FC85FC76" box="[684,870,956,978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" value="2018-11-17">17 November 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B942060B3E68FFB1FC8FFC10FBFAFC76" box="[881,1049,956,977]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
<collectorName id="26C3BFCF3E68FFB1FC8FFC10FC05FC76" box="[881,998,956,977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">A. Medeiros</collectorName>
1179
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="548D64BB3E68FFB1FBD8FC10FB9DFC75" box="[1062,1150,956,978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, LAG)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C89923E68FFB1FF76FBACFC52FB21" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B89DA193E68FFB1FF76FBACFC52FB21" blockId="1.[136,1452,1024,2059]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
The color of the flowers of this new natural hybrid is intermediate between
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E68FFB1FC1EFBACFBADFBBD" authorityName="Link &amp; Otto ex Reichenbach" authorityYear="1830" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[992,1102,1024,1050]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E68FFB1FC1EFBACFBADFBBD" box="[992,1102,1024,1050]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">C. flavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E68FFB1FB78FBACFB07FBBD" box="[1158,1252,1024,1050]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E68FFB1FB78FBACFB07FBBD" box="[1158,1252,1024,1050]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">C. gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E68FFB1FAF5FBACFA47FBBD" box="[1291,1444,1024,1050]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmifrons">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E68FFB1FAF5FBACFA47FBBD" box="[1291,1444,1024,1050]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">C. palmifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E68FFB1FECEFB88FE7DFB99" authorityName="Link &amp; Otto ex Reichenbach" authorityYear="1830" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[304,414,1060,1086]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E68FFB1FECEFB88FE7DFB99" box="[304,414,1060,1086]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">C. flavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in vegetative and floral morphology, but distinguished by the sepals and petals with brown spots, lateral lobes of lip and base of the central lobe orange or orange-spotted, very short isthmus (
<quantity id="4CCE77FC3E68FFB1FB1FFBE4FADDFBC4" box="[1249,1342,1096,1123]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
long), lip midlobe margins slightly verrucose and flowers slightly citrusy-scented.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C89923E68FFB1FF43FB3CFB78F8F1" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B89DA193E68FFB1FF43FB3CFB78F8F1" blockId="1.[136,1452,1024,2059]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
Terrestrial
<emphasis id="B942060B3E68FFB1FEC4FB3CFE8EFB0D" box="[314,365,1168,1194]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">herb</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B942060B3E68FFB1FE83FB3DFE5EFB0D" box="[381,445,1169,1194]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Roots</emphasis>
fasciculate, numerous, ca.
<quantity id="4CCE77FC3E68FFB1FD09FB3CFCD9FB0C" box="[759,826,1168,1195]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
wide, glabrous, white.
<emphasis id="B942060B3E68FFB1FBB4FB3CFB3AFB0D" box="[1098,1241,1168,1194]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Pseudobulbs</emphasis>
completely above ground (epigeous), fusiform, acuminate, leafless from the second year onward, about 28 ×
<quantity id="4CCE77FC3E68FFB1FB89FB18FB25FB68" box="[1143,1222,1204,1231]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="cm" value="2.3">2.3 cm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="B942060B3E68FFB1FB2EFB19FAFDFB69" box="[1232,1310,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Leaves</emphasis>
at flowering 6 to 7 per pseudobulb, partially developed, 28–36 ×
<quantity id="4CCE77FC3E68FFB1FD0CFB74FC95FB54" box="[754,886,1240,1267]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="cm" value="1.15" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.5 cm</quantity>
, coriaceous, glabrous, linear to linear-lanceolate, articulate, caducous, apex acuminate, sheath-like base; fully developed leaves not examined.
<emphasis id="B942060B3E68FFB1FB40FB50FAB7FAB1" box="[1214,1364,1276,1302]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Inflorescence</emphasis>
lateral, erect, paniculate, up to
<quantity id="4CCE77FC3E68FFB1FE65FA8CFE00FA9C" box="[411,483,1312,1339]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="cm" value="82.0">82 cm</quantity>
long, ca.
<quantity id="4CCE77FC3E68FFB1FDA5FA8CFD49FA9C" box="[603,682,1312,1339]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="cm" value="0.9">0.9 cm</quantity>
diameter, brownish-green; peduncle
<quantity id="4CCE77FC3E68FFB1FBA6FA8CFB2EFA9C" box="[1112,1229,1312,1339]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.65" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="cm" value="56.5" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="53.0">53–60 cm</quantity>
, with 4 sheath-like bracts, appressed, 4–5.5 ×
<quantity id="4CCE77FC3E68FFB1FE48FAE8FDC0FAF8" box="[438,547,1348,1375]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="cm" value="1.8" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.6">1.6–2 cm</quantity>
; rachis
<quantity id="4CCE77FC3E68FFB1FD84FAE8FD09FAF8" box="[634,746,1348,1375]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="cm" value="25.5" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="22.0">22–29 cm</quantity>
long; secondary axis 3 to 5, (3.5–)
<quantity id="4CCE77FC3E68FFB1FB86FAE8FB39FAF8" box="[1144,1242,1348,1375]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="cm" value="12.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="8.0">8–16 cm</quantity>
long; floral bracts broadly elliptical to suborbicular, 17 ×
<quantity id="4CCE77FC3E68FFB1FDC1FAC4FD73FA24" box="[575,656,1384,1411]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
, apex apiculate, margins slightly undulate, greenish with brownish-red spots concentrated at the base and margins.
<emphasis id="B942060B3E68FFB1FD86FA20FD37FA01" box="[632,724,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Flowers</emphasis>
up to 40, slightly citrusy-scented; ovary with pedicel ca.
<quantity id="4CCE77FC3E68FFB1FAA2FA20FA4FFA00" box="[1372,1452,1420,1447]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
long, green to greenish-brown with brownish dots.
<emphasis id="B942060B3E68FFB1FD30FA1CFC76FA6D" box="[718,917,1456,1482]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Sepals and petals</emphasis>
outspread, concave, margins smooth, minutely apiculate; sepals ventral side greenish with brownish red spots concentrated at the base, dorsal side brownish, with the apex greenish, margins slightly undulate; dorsal sepal obovate, 16 ×
<quantity id="4CCE77FC3E68FFB1FC43FA54FBE1F9B4" box="[957,1026,1528,1555]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
; lateral sepals broadly elliptical, 15 ×
<quantity id="4CCE77FC3E68FFB1FF76F9B0FF38F990" box="[136,219,1564,1591]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
; petals obovate, base slightly cuneate, apex obtuse to rotundate, 15 ×
<quantity id="4CCE77FC3E68FFB1FC0FF9B0FBA0F990" box="[1009,1091,1564,1591]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
, yellow, dorsal side and base of the ventral side with brownish red spots, apex slightly reflexed; lip 3-lobed,
<quantity id="4CCE77FC3E68FFB1FC13F9ECFBDDF9FC" box="[1005,1086,1600,1627]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
long, when spread
<quantity id="4CCE77FC3E68FFB1FAE3F9ECFA8EF9FC" box="[1309,1389,1600,1627]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
wide between the apex of the side lobes; base shortly unguiculate, ca.
<quantity id="4CCE77FC3E68FFB1FC8DF9C8FC55F9D8" box="[883,950,1636,1663]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long, orange; lateral lobes erect, parallel or slightly divergent to each other, dolabriform, falcate, 7–8 ×
<quantity id="4CCE77FC3E68FFB1FCCEF924FC73F904" box="[816,912,1672,1699]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
, orange, base yellow with orange punctuations, apex rounded, base not constricted, margins entire; callus entire, verrucose, placed between the lateral lobes, yellow orange; isthmus separating the lateral lobes from the midlobe,
<quantity id="4CCE77FC3E68FFB1FCA4F97CFC59F94C" box="[858,954,1744,1771]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
long; midlobe reniform, 5–6 ×
<quantity id="4CCE77FC3E68FFB1FAD4F97CFA44F94C" box="[1322,1447,1744,1771]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="11.0">11–12 mm</quantity>
, yellow, base with orange dots, apex retuse when flattened, margins slightly verrucose, slightly undulate.
<emphasis id="B942060B3E68FFB1FAF1F958FA8BF8A9" box="[1295,1384,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Column</emphasis>
erect, arcuate, trigonous,
<quantity id="4CCE77FC3E68FFB1FE9EF8B4FE42F894" box="[352,417,1816,1843]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
long, apiculate, yellowish, base with reddish orange dots, apex light green; column foot
<quantity id="4CCE77FC3E68FFB1FA76F8B4FF57F8F0" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
long; anther yellow, apex green; pollinia two, waxy, sulcate, yellow.
<emphasis id="B942060B3E68FFB1FC45F891FC16F8F1" box="[955,1013,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Fruit</emphasis>
not examined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C89923E68FFB1FF43F8CCFA6EF8DD" box="[189,1421,1888,1915]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B89DA193E68FFB1FF43F8CCFA6EF8DD" blockId="1.[136,1452,1024,2059]" box="[189,1421,1888,1915]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E68FFB1FF43F8CCFEDBF8DC" bold="true" box="[189,312,1888,1915]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Etymology</emphasis>
—From the Latim
<emphasis id="B942060B3E68FFB1FDF5F8CCFDADF8DD" box="[523,590,1888,1914]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">flavus</emphasis>
(pale yellow) and
<emphasis id="B942060B3E68FFB1FCDEF8CDFC6EF8DD" box="[800,909,1889,1914]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">punctatus</emphasis>
(dotted), referring to the color of the flowers.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C89923E68FFB2FF43F828FD13FEEE" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="281" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B89DA193E68FFB2FF43F828FD13FEEE" blockId="1.[136,1452,1024,2059]" lastBlockId="2.[136,1452,158,329]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="281" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E68FFB1FF43F828FCFCF839" box="[189,799,1924,1951]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E68FFB1FF43F828FD8CF838" bold="true" box="[189,623,1924,1951]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Distribution, Habitat and Phenology</emphasis>
—
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E68FFB1FD75F828FCFCF839" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1813" box="[651,799,1924,1950]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cyrtopodium</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
×
<emphasis id="B942060B3E68FFB1FCBAF828FC11F839" box="[836,1010,1924,1950]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">flavopunctatum</emphasis>
is known only from the municipality of São Francisco do Sul, on the northern coast of the state of
<collectingRegion id="49F214FB3E68FFB1FCB0F804FC17F865" box="[846,1012,1960,1986]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
in southern
<collectingCountry id="F3219A893E68FFB1FB7BF804FB2EF865" box="[1157,1229,1960,1986]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. The climate of the region, according to Köppen’s classification, is
<typeStatus id="548D64BB3E68FFB1FD68F861FD2DF840" box="[662,718,1997,2023]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Type</typeStatus>
Cfa (wet mesothermal with hot summers), with an average annual temperature of 20.6ºC and annual precipitation of
<quantity id="4CCE77FC3E68FFB1FD2DF85CFCAAF7AC" box="[723,841,2032,2059]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.857" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="1857.0">1,857 mm</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA7A7E83E68FFB1FCA4F85CFBB0F7AD" author="Possamai, T. &amp; Vieira, C. V. &amp; Oliveira, F. A. &amp; Horn Filho, N. O." box="[858,1107,2032,2058]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" pagination="90 - 110" refId="ref5203" refString="Possamai, T., Vieira, C. V., Oliveira, F. A. &amp; Horn Filho, N. O. (2010) Geologia costeira da Ilha de Sao Francisco do Sul, Santa Catarina. Revista de Geografia 6: 90 - 110." type="journal article" year="2010">
Possamai
<emphasis id="B942060B3E68FFB1FC2EF85DFBEFF7AD" box="[976,1036,2032,2058]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
). The predominant vegetation in the region is dense rainforest, restinga and mangroves.
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6BFFB2FCCEFF32FC27FF1F" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1813" box="[816,964,158,184]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6BFFB2FCCEFF32FC27FF1F" box="[816,964,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Cyrtopodium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6BFFB2FC17FF32FB74FF1F" box="[1001,1175,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">flavopunctatum</emphasis>
occurs in sandy soil in shrubby restinga, with predominance of shrub species of
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6BFFB2FCE8FF6FFC6FFF7A" box="[790,908,195,221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6BFFB2FC61FF6FFA99FF7A" authority="Candolle (1828: 268)" authorityName="Candolle" authorityPageNumber="268" authorityYear="1828" box="[927,1402,194,221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eugenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stigmatosa">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6BFFB2FC61FF6FFB9DFF7B" box="[927,1150,195,220]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Eugenia stigmatosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA7A7E83E6BFFB2FB79FF6EFA99FF7A" author="Candolle, A. P." box="[1159,1402,194,221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref4263" refString="Candolle, A. P. (1828) Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 3. Treuttel &amp; Wurtz, Paris, 494 pp." type="book" year="1828">Candolle (1828: 268)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6BFFB2FF76FF4BFDAEFEA6" authority="Spring ex Martius (1837: 85)" authorityName="Martius" authorityPageNumber="85" authorityYear="1837" box="[136,589,230,257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eugenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sulcata">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6BFFB2FF76FF4BFF1AFEA7" box="[136,249,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">E. sulcata</emphasis>
Spring ex
<bibRefCitation id="EFA7A7E83E6BFFB2FE8BFF4AFDAEFEA6" author="Martius, C. F. P." box="[373,589,230,257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" pagination="1 - 128" refId="ref4965" refString="Martius, C. F. P. (1837) Herbarium Florae brasiliensis. Flora 20: 1 - 128." type="journal article" year="1837">Martius (1837: 85)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The new taxon is sympatric with
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6BFFB2FC2CFF4AFB5AFEA7" authorityName="Link &amp; Otto ex Reichenbach" authorityYear="1830" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[978,1209,230,256]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6BFFB2FC2CFF4AFB5AFEA7" box="[978,1209,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Cyrtopodium flavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6BFFB2FB36FF4AFE71FE82" authority="Brongniart (1834: 196)" authorityName="Brongniart" authorityPageNumber="196" authorityYear="1834" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Epidendrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fulgens">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6BFFB2FB36FF4AFA48FEA7" box="[1224,1451,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Epidendrum fulgens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA7A7E83E6BFFB2FF76FEA6FE71FE82" author="Brongniart, A. T." box="[136,402,266,293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" pagination="196" refId="ref4165" refString="Brongniart, A. T. (1834) Phanerogamie. In: Duperrey, L. I. (Ed.) Voyage Autour du Monde, v. 3. Arthus Bertrand, Paris, pp. 196." type="book chapter" year="1834">Brongniart (1834: 196)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6BFFB2FE61FEA7FC2DFE83" authority="Pinheiro &amp; Barros (2006: 248)" authorityName="Pinheiro &amp; Barros" authorityPageNumber="248" authorityYear="2006" box="[415,974,266,293]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Epidendrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="puniceoluteum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6BFFB2FE61FEA7FD86FE83" box="[415,613,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">E. puniceoluteum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA7A7E83E6BFFB2FD93FEA6FC2DFE83" author="Pinheiro, F. &amp; Barros, F." box="[621,974,266,293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" pagination="247 - 250" refId="ref5172" refString="Pinheiro, F. &amp; Barros, F. (2006) Epidendrum puniceoluteum, uma nova especie de Orchidaceae do litoral brasileiro. Hoehnea 33: 247 - 250." type="journal article" year="2006">Pinheiro &amp; Barros (2006: 248)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6BFFB2FBF2FEA6FF5CFEEE" authority="Klotzsch (1846: 564)" authorityName="Klotzsch" authorityPageNumber="564" authorityYear="1846" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Vanilla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chamissonis">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6BFFB2FBF2FEA6FB0EFE83" box="[1036,1261,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Vanilla chamissonis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA7A7E83E6BFFB2FB08FEA6FF5CFEEE" author="Klotzsch, J. F." pageId="2" pageNumber="281" pagination="561 - 567" refId="ref4666" refString="Klotzsch, J. F. (1846) Ueber die Arten der Gattung Vanilla. Botanische Zeitung (Berlin) 4: 561 - 567." type="journal article" year="1846">Klotzsch (1846: 564)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Flowering occurs in November, in early summer.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF498A913E6BFFB2FF76F82CFDC8F782" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6331935" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6331935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6331935/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" startId="2.[136,229,1920,1942]" targetBox="[268,1320,350,1892]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8B89DA193E6BFFB2FF76F82CFDC8F782" blockId="2.[136,1452,1920,2086]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6BFFB2FF76F82CFF1DF832" bold="true" box="[136,254,1920,1942]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Habitat and morphological characters of
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6BFFB2FD71F82CFCEDF832" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1813" box="[655,782,1920,1941]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6BFFB2FD71F82CFCEDF832" box="[655,782,1920,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Cyrtopodium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6BFFB2FCD6F82CFC5EF832" box="[808,957,1920,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">flavopunctatum</emphasis>
. A. Habitat, shrubby resting in sandy coastal plain, municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina. B.
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6BFFB2FCEDF808FC71F81E" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1813" box="[787,914,1956,1977]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6BFFB2FCEDF808FC71F81E" box="[787,914,1956,1977]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Cyrtopodium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
plants in the locality of the type. C. Inflorescence. D. Flower, front view E. Flower, dissected segments. Putative parental species. F.
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6BFFB2FC78F864FBAFF87A" authorityName="Link &amp; Otto ex Reichenbach" authorityYear="1830" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[902,1100,1992,2013]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6BFFB2FC78F864FBAFF87A" box="[902,1100,1992,2013]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Cyrtopodium flavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(without voucher, São Francisco do Sul, Santa Catarina). G.
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6BFFB2FE8AF840FDCDF7A5" box="[372,558,2028,2050]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6BFFB2FE8AF840FDCDF7A5" box="[372,558,2028,2050]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Cyrtopodium gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6BFFB2FDC2F841FD54F7A6" box="[572,695,2028,2050]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Batista 1448</emphasis>
—CEN, Santa Catarina). H.
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6BFFB2FC35F840FB5BF7A6" box="[971,1208,2028,2049]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmifrons">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6BFFB2FC35F840FB5BF7A6" box="[971,1208,2028,2049]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Cyrtopodium palmifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(without voucher, Minas Gerais). Scale bars: C = 5 cm; D–E = 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF498A913E6AFFB3FF76F86FFCEDF85B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6331937" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6331937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6331937/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" startId="3.[136,229,1987,2009]" targetBox="[171,1400,228,1950]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B89DA193E6AFFB3FF76F86FFCEDF85B" blockId="3.[136,1452,1987,2045]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6AFFB3FF76F86FFEE3F87F" bold="true" box="[136,256,1987,2009]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6AFFB3FEF7F86FFE6BF87F" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1813" box="[265,392,1987,2008]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6AFFB3FEF7F86FFE6BF87F" box="[265,392,1987,2008]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">Cyrtopodium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6AFFB3FE59F86FFDDFF87F" box="[423,572,1987,2008]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">flavopunctatum</emphasis>
. A. Habit and inflorescence. B. Flower, front view. C. Perianth. D. Bract. E. Ovary and gynostemium. Drawn by Alexandre Medeiros from
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6AFFB3FD84F84BFCEBF85B" box="[634,776,2023,2044]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">Medeiros 1179</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF498A913E6DFFB4FF76FA00FDB6F9AD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6331939" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6331939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6331939/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" startId="4.[136,229,1452,1474]" targetBox="[169,1418,190,1427]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8B89DA193E6DFFB4FF76FA00FDB6F9AD" blockId="4.[136,1451,1452,1546]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6DFFB4FF76FA00FEE3FA66" bold="true" box="[136,256,1452,1474]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
A–C.
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6DFFB4FEBAFA00FE20FA66" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1813" box="[324,451,1452,1473]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6DFFB4FEBAFA00FE20FA66" box="[324,451,1452,1473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Cyrtopodium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6DFFB4FE1EFA00FDBAFA66" box="[480,601,1452,1473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">intermedium</emphasis>
(A,
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6DFFB4FD77FA01FCB5FA66" box="[649,854,1452,1474]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Batista &amp; Alan 2702</emphasis>
—BHCB; B,
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6DFFB4FC22FA01FBBBFA66" box="[988,1112,1452,1474]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Batista 3030</emphasis>
—BHCB; C,
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6DFFB4FB21FA01FA48FA66" box="[1247,1451,1452,1474]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Batista &amp; Alan 2700</emphasis>
– BHCB; all from Rio de Janeiro). D–E.
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6DFFB4FDF0FA7CFCEAFA42" box="[526,777,1488,1509]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glutiniferum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6DFFB4FDF0FA7CFCEAFA42" box="[526,777,1488,1509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Cyrtopodium glutiniferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6DFFB4FCE8FA7DFC39FA42" box="[790,986,1488,1510]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Batista &amp; Alan 2703</emphasis>
—BHCB, Rio de Janeiro). F.
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6DFFB4FB0DFA7CFA48FA41" box="[1267,1451,1488,1510]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6DFFB4FB0DFA7CFA48FA41" box="[1267,1451,1488,1510]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Cyrtopodium gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6DFFB4FF6EFA59FEB5F9AE" box="[144,342,1524,1546]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Batista &amp; Alan 2701</emphasis>
—BHCB, Rio de Janeiro).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32C89923E6DFFB5FF43F995FE7AF896" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="284" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B89DA193E6DFFB4FF43F995FBE5F831" blockId="4.[136,1452,1592,2087]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6DFFB4FF43F995FEF8F9F4" box="[189,283,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6DFFB4FF43F995FF1DF9F4" bold="true" box="[189,254,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Notes</emphasis>
—
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6DFFB4FEE5F994FD99F9F5" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1813" box="[283,634,1592,1619]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavopunctatum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6DFFB4FEE5F994FE4CF9F5" box="[283,431,1592,1618]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Cyrtopodium</emphasis>
×
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6DFFB4FE32F994FD99F9F5" box="[460,634,1592,1618]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">flavopunctatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found among a population of
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6DFFB4FC01F995FB8FF9F5" authorityName="Link &amp; Otto ex Reichenbach" authorityYear="1830" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[1023,1132,1592,1619]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6DFFB4FC01F995FB8FF9F5" box="[1023,1132,1592,1619]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">C. flavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, flowering at the same time, in restinga vegetation. The vegetative part is identical to
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6DFFB4FD01F9F1FC88F9D1" authorityName="Link &amp; Otto ex Reichenbach" authorityYear="1830" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[767,875,1628,1655]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6DFFB4FD01F9F1FC88F9D1" box="[767,875,1628,1655]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">C. flavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The floral morphology is also similar to that of the
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6DFFB4FF76F92DFF16F93D" authorityName="Link &amp; Otto ex Reichenbach" authorityYear="1830" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[136,245,1664,1691]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6DFFB4FF76F92DFF16F93D" box="[136,245,1664,1691]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">C. flavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the new taxon differs in color and in some morphological features. While the flowers of
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6DFFB4FAEAF92DFA62F93D" authorityName="Link &amp; Otto ex Reichenbach" authorityYear="1830" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[1300,1409,1664,1691]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6DFFB4FAEAF92DFA62F93D" box="[1300,1409,1664,1691]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">C. flavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are predominantly yellow, without spots, the new taxon presents the sepals and petals with brown spots, and the lateral lobes and base of the central lobe orange or mottled with orange.
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6DFFB4FCA2F964FBA1F945" authorityName="Link &amp; Otto ex Reichenbach" authorityYear="1830" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[860,1090,1736,1762]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6DFFB4FCA2F964FBA1F945" box="[860,1090,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Cyrtopodium flavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a common species distributed along almost the entire coastline of
<collectingCountry id="F3219A893E6DFFB4FDE9F940FDBDF8A1" box="[535,606,1772,1798]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, from the states of
<collectingRegion id="49F214FB3E6DFFB4FCCCF940FBE0F8A1" box="[818,1027,1772,1798]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
to
<collectingRegion id="49F214FB3E6DFFB4FBD8F941FB84F8A0" box="[1062,1127,1773,1799]" country="Brazil" name="Ceara" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Ceará</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA7A7E83E6DFFB4FB88F940FA43F8A0" author="Batista, J. A. N. &amp; Bianchetti, L. B." box="[1142,1440,1772,1799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" pagination="2020" refId="ref4041" refString="Batista, J. A. N. &amp; Bianchetti, L. B. (2020) Cyrtopodium. In: Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http: // floradobrasil. jbrj. gov. br / reflora / floradobrasil / FB 11444 (accessed 19 June 2021)" type="book chapter" year="2020">Batista &amp; Bianchetti 2020</bibRefCitation>
). The flowers of
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6DFFB4FEC4F8BDFE4AF88D" authorityName="Link &amp; Otto ex Reichenbach" authorityYear="1830" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[314,425,1808,1835]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6DFFB4FEC4F8BDFE4AF88D" box="[314,425,1808,1835]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">C. flavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
show a significant variation in morphology and size (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA7A7E83E6DFFB4FBE9F8BCFAA4F88C" author="Batista, J. A. N. &amp; Bianchetti, L. B." box="[1047,1351,1808,1835]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" pagination="2020" refId="ref4041" refString="Batista, J. A. N. &amp; Bianchetti, L. B. (2020) Cyrtopodium. In: Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http: // floradobrasil. jbrj. gov. br / reflora / floradobrasil / FB 11444 (accessed 19 June 2021)" type="book chapter" year="2020">Batista &amp; Bianchetti 2020</bibRefCitation>
), but the color is well preserved and the flowers are usually completely yellow (
<figureCitation id="130DC69C3E6DFFB4FC63F898FC12F8E8" box="[925,1009,1844,1871]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[268,1320,350,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-94@2.[268,1320,350,1892]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and morphological characters of Cyrtopodium × flavopunctatum. A. Habitat, shrubby resting in sandy coastal plain, municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina. B. Cyrtopodium plants in the locality of the type. C. Inflorescence. D. Flower, front view E. Flower, dissected segments. Putative parental species. F. Cyrtopodium flavum (without voucher, São Francisco do Sul, Santa Catarina). G. Cyrtopodium gigas (Batista 1448—CEN, Santa Catarina). H. Cyrtopodium palmifrons (without voucher, Minas Gerais). Scale bars: C = 5 cm; D–E = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6331935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6331935/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
). Occasionally the sepals and petals are yellowish-green, or have a slightly brown dorsal surface, but never have spots or stains. The lip is always yellow, but occasionally the callus and the apex of the column foot may be slightly reddish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89DA193E6DFFB5FF43F80CFB74FE82" blockId="4.[136,1452,1592,2087]" lastBlockId="5.[136,1452,158,1841]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="284" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">
The spotted flowers of the
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6DFFB4FE03F80DFDF5F81C" box="[509,534,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">C.</emphasis>
×
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6DFFB4FDC5F80CFD0AF81D" box="[571,745,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">flavopunctatum</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="130DC69C3E6DFFB4FD02F80CFC96F81C" box="[764,885,1952,1979]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[268,1320,350,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-94@2.[268,1320,350,1892]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and morphological characters of Cyrtopodium × flavopunctatum. A. Habitat, shrubby resting in sandy coastal plain, municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina. B. Cyrtopodium plants in the locality of the type. C. Inflorescence. D. Flower, front view E. Flower, dissected segments. Putative parental species. F. Cyrtopodium flavum (without voucher, São Francisco do Sul, Santa Catarina). G. Cyrtopodium gigas (Batista 1448—CEN, Santa Catarina). H. Cyrtopodium palmifrons (without voucher, Minas Gerais). Scale bars: C = 5 cm; D–E = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6331935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6331935/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Fig. 1C–E</figureCitation>
) are quite distinct from
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6DFFB4FB68F80DFAE5F81D" authorityName="Link &amp; Otto ex Reichenbach" authorityYear="1830" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[1174,1286,1952,1979]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6DFFB4FB68F80DFAE5F81D" box="[1174,1286,1952,1979]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">C. flavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="130DC69C3E6DFFB4FAE7F80CFA8CF81C" box="[1305,1391,1952,1979]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[268,1320,350,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-94@2.[268,1320,350,1892]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and morphological characters of Cyrtopodium × flavopunctatum. A. Habitat, shrubby resting in sandy coastal plain, municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina. B. Cyrtopodium plants in the locality of the type. C. Inflorescence. D. Flower, front view E. Flower, dissected segments. Putative parental species. F. Cyrtopodium flavum (without voucher, São Francisco do Sul, Santa Catarina). G. Cyrtopodium gigas (Batista 1448—CEN, Santa Catarina). H. Cyrtopodium palmifrons (without voucher, Minas Gerais). Scale bars: C = 5 cm; D–E = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6331935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6331935/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
) and resemble the color pattern of
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6DFFB4FE2CF869FE0FF878" box="[466,492,1989,2015]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">C.</emphasis>
×
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6DFFB4FDF5F868FD7AF879" box="[523,665,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">intermedium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA7A7E83E6DFFB4FD61F868FCBCF878" author="Brade, A. C." box="[671,863,1988,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" pagination="41 - 46" refId="ref4141" refString="Brade, A. C. (1939) Orchidaceae Novae Brasiliensis IV. Arquivos do Servico Florestal 1: 41 - 46." type="journal article" year="1939">Brade (1939: 44)</bibRefCitation>
(
<figureCitation id="130DC69C3E6DFFB4FC91F868FC0BF878" box="[879,1000,1988,2015]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1452,1474]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,190,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[169,1418,190,1427]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–C. Cyrtopodium × intermedium (A, Batista &amp; Alan 2702—BHCB; B, Batista 3030—BHCB; C, Batista &amp; Alan 2700 – BHCB; all from Rio de Janeiro). D–E. Cyrtopodium glutiniferum (Batista &amp; Alan 2703—BHCB, Rio de Janeiro). F. Cyrtopodium gigas (Batista &amp; Alan 2701—BHCB, Rio de Janeiro)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6331939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6331939/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Fig. 3A–C</figureCitation>
) described as a putative hybrid between
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6DFFB4FF76F845FDE1F7A4" authority="Raddi (1823: 220)" authorityName="Raddi" authorityPageNumber="220" authorityYear="1823" box="[136,514,2024,2051]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glutiferum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6DFFB4FF76F845FEC1F7A5" box="[136,290,2024,2051]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">C. glutiferum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA7A7E83E6DFFB4FED2F844FDE1F7A4" author="Raddi, G." box="[300,514,2024,2051]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" pagination="219 - 222" refId="ref5254" refString="Raddi, G. (1823) Descrizione d' una nuova orchidea Brasiliana. Memorie di Matematica e di Fisica della Societa Italiana delle Scienze Residente in Modena, Parte contenente le Memorie di Fisica 19: 219 - 222." type="journal article" year="1823">Raddi (1823: 220)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="130DC69C3E6DFFB4FDEBF844FD71F7A4" box="[533,658,2024,2051]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1452,1474]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,190,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[169,1418,190,1427]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–C. Cyrtopodium × intermedium (A, Batista &amp; Alan 2702—BHCB; B, Batista 3030—BHCB; C, Batista &amp; Alan 2700 – BHCB; all from Rio de Janeiro). D–E. Cyrtopodium glutiniferum (Batista &amp; Alan 2703—BHCB, Rio de Janeiro). F. Cyrtopodium gigas (Batista &amp; Alan 2701—BHCB, Rio de Janeiro)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6331939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6331939/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Fig. 3D–E</figureCitation>
), a rupicolous species with yellow flowers, and
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6DFFB4FB34F845FACFF7A5" box="[1226,1324,2025,2051]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6DFFB4FB34F845FACFF7A5" box="[1226,1324,2025,2051]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">C. gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="130DC69C3E6DFFB4FAC1F844FA45F7A4" box="[1343,1446,2024,2051]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[268,1320,350,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-94@2.[268,1320,350,1892]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and morphological characters of Cyrtopodium × flavopunctatum. A. Habitat, shrubby resting in sandy coastal plain, municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina. B. Cyrtopodium plants in the locality of the type. C. Inflorescence. D. Flower, front view E. Flower, dissected segments. Putative parental species. F. Cyrtopodium flavum (without voucher, São Francisco do Sul, Santa Catarina). G. Cyrtopodium gigas (Batista 1448—CEN, Santa Catarina). H. Cyrtopodium palmifrons (without voucher, Minas Gerais). Scale bars: C = 5 cm; D–E = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6331935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6331935/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Figs. 1G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130DC69C3E6DFFB4FF76F7A1FF4AF780" box="[136,169,2061,2087]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1452,1474]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,190,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[169,1418,190,1427]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–C. Cyrtopodium × intermedium (A, Batista &amp; Alan 2702—BHCB; B, Batista 3030—BHCB; C, Batista &amp; Alan 2700 – BHCB; all from Rio de Janeiro). D–E. Cyrtopodium glutiniferum (Batista &amp; Alan 2703—BHCB, Rio de Janeiro). F. Cyrtopodium gigas (Batista &amp; Alan 2701—BHCB, Rio de Janeiro)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6331939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6331939/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">3F</figureCitation>
), an epiphytic species with spotted flowers. In this sense, the color of
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6DFFB4FC2BF7A1FC0CF780" box="[981,1007,2061,2087]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">C.</emphasis>
×
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6DFFB4FBEFF7A0FB5CF781" box="[1041,1215,2060,2086]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">flavopunctatum</emphasis>
flowers resembles a mixture between the
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FE8FFF33FE3EFF1F" authorityName="Link &amp; Otto ex Reichenbach" authorityYear="1830" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[369,477,158,185]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FE8FFF33FE3EFF1F" box="[369,477,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C. flavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FDECFF33FD49FF1F" box="[530,682,158,185]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmifrons">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FDECFF33FD49FF1F" box="[530,682,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C. palmifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FD31FF33FCC8FF1F" box="[719,811,159,185]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FD31FF33FCC8FF1F" box="[719,811,159,185]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C. gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, that have profusely red-spotted flowers (
<figureCitation id="130DC69C3E6CFFB5FB04FF32FA62FF1F" box="[1274,1409,158,184]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[268,1320,350,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-94@2.[268,1320,350,1892]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and morphological characters of Cyrtopodium × flavopunctatum. A. Habitat, shrubby resting in sandy coastal plain, municipality of São Francisco do Sul, state of Santa Catarina. B. Cyrtopodium plants in the locality of the type. C. Inflorescence. D. Flower, front view E. Flower, dissected segments. Putative parental species. F. Cyrtopodium flavum (without voucher, São Francisco do Sul, Santa Catarina). G. Cyrtopodium gigas (Batista 1448—CEN, Santa Catarina). H. Cyrtopodium palmifrons (without voucher, Minas Gerais). Scale bars: C = 5 cm; D–E = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6331935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6331935/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Figs. 1G–H</figureCitation>
). In addition to the differences in the color of the flowers,
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FD1FFF6FFC25FF7B" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1813" box="[737,966,194,221]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavopunctatum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FD1FFF6FFD18FF7A" box="[737,763,195,221]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C.</emphasis>
×
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FCE6FF6EFC25FF7B" box="[792,966,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">flavopunctatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FB0DFF6FFABCFF7B" authorityName="Link &amp; Otto ex Reichenbach" authorityYear="1830" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[1267,1375,194,221]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FB0DFF6FFABCFF7B" box="[1267,1375,194,221]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C. flavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the inconspicuous isthmus,
<quantity id="4CCE77FC3E6CFFB5FE6AFF4AFE12FEA6" box="[404,497,230,257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
long (vs usually prominent,
<quantity id="4CCE77FC3E6CFFB5FCCDFF4AFC6CFEA6" box="[819,911,230,257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
long in
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FC15FF4BFBBBFEA7" authorityName="Link &amp; Otto ex Reichenbach" authorityYear="1830" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[1003,1112,230,257]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FC15FF4BFBBBFEA7" box="[1003,1112,230,257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C. flavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), lip midlobe margins slightly verrucose (vs smooth) and by the slightly citrusy odor of the flowers (vs a strong soap odor).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89DA193E6CFFB5FF43FE82FB80FDCF" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,1841]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FF43FE82FE2DFEEF" box="[189,462,302,328]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmifrons">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FF43FE82FE2DFEEF" box="[189,462,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Cyrtopodium palmifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FDFCFE83FDBEFEEF" box="[514,605,303,329]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FDFCFE83FDBEFEEF" box="[514,605,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C. gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are epiphytic species distributed in the southeastern and southern parts of the Atlantic Forest domain. There are no records of these species for the locality or municipality where
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FB37FEFFFB00FECA" box="[1225,1251,339,365]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C.</emphasis>
×
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FB03FEFEFA48FECB" box="[1277,1451,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">flavopunctatum</emphasis>
was found. However, there are records of
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FD93FEDBFCE4FE37" box="[621,775,374,401]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmifrons">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FD93FEDBFCE4FE37" box="[621,775,374,401]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C. palmifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FCBDFEDBFC41FE37" box="[835,930,375,401]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FCBDFEDBFC41FE37" box="[835,930,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C. gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a little further inland in the municipalities of Luiz Alves, Blumenau and Rio dos Cedros, located
<quantity id="4CCE77FC3E6CFFB5FD30FE36FCDCFE13" box="[718,831,410,436]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" unit="km" value="70.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="60.0">60–80 km</quantity>
southwest of São Francisco do Sul. Both species occur in dense rainforest, vegetation that also occurs in the São Francisco do Sul and the absence of records may be due to the small number of botanical collections in the municipality and the low frequency at which these species occur in their habitats. In a floristic inventory in the Mata do Limoeiro State Park, a 2,056-hectare conservation unit in
<collectingRegion id="49F214FB3E6CFFB5FA9BFDAAFF37FDE3" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
, for example, we found a single specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FD2DFD87FC8FFDE3" box="[723,876,554,581]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmifrons">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FD2DFD87FC8FFDE3" box="[723,876,554,581]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C. palmifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(J. A. N. Batista, personal observation). Finally,
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FA6CFD87FEE3FDCF" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmifrons">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FA6CFD87FEE3FDCF" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C. palmifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FEC9FDE3FE77FDCF" box="[311,404,591,617]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FEC9FDE3FE77FDCF" box="[311,404,591,617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C. gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
flower at the same time as
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FD39FDE3FCD7FDCF" authorityName="Link &amp; Otto ex Reichenbach" authorityYear="1830" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[711,820,590,617]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FD39FDE3FCD7FDCF" box="[711,820,590,617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C. flavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, mainly during November.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89DA193E6CFFB5FF43FDDEFA41FCC2" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,1841]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
Natural hybrids in
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FE71FDDEFDC0FD2B" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1813" box="[399,547,626,652]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FE71FDDEFDC0FD2B" box="[399,547,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Cyrtopodium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are uncommon, and so far there is only one possible natural hybrid described for the genus,
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FF01FD3BFEFAFD16" box="[255,281,663,689]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C.</emphasis>
×
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FEC8FD3AFE27FD17" box="[310,452,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">intermedium</emphasis>
, supposedly originated from a cross between
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FC3FFD3BFBB5FD17" authorityName="Raddi" authorityYear="1823" box="[961,1110,662,689]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glutiferum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FC3FFD3BFBB5FD17" box="[961,1110,662,689]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C. glutiferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FB75FD3BFB0BFD17" box="[1163,1256,663,689]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FB75FD3BFB0BFD17" box="[1163,1256,663,689]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C. gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which can occur sympatrically and flower at the same time. So far,
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FD51FD17FD2AFD72" box="[687,713,699,725]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C.</emphasis>
×
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FD1DFD16FC92FD73" box="[739,881,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">intermedium</emphasis>
is only known from two records, the
<typeStatus id="548D64BB3E6CFFB5FAF4FD17FADEFD72" box="[1290,1341,699,725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">type</typeStatus>
, collected in Juiz de Fora in 1937 and where it has never been found again, and a more recent record from 2008 from
<collectingRegion id="49F214FB3E6CFFB5FA9EFD72FF3EFCBB" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
. In the latter, a hybrid swarm was found, with individuals with intermediate characters, at times approaching more the floral morphology of one or the other possible parental species (
<figureCitation id="130DC69C3E6CFFB5FC20FC8AFBBEFCE7" box="[990,1117,806,832]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1452,1474]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,190,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[169,1418,190,1427]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–C. Cyrtopodium × intermedium (A, Batista &amp; Alan 2702—BHCB; B, Batista 3030—BHCB; C, Batista &amp; Alan 2700 – BHCB; all from Rio de Janeiro). D–E. Cyrtopodium glutiniferum (Batista &amp; Alan 2703—BHCB, Rio de Janeiro). F. Cyrtopodium gigas (Batista &amp; Alan 2701—BHCB, Rio de Janeiro)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6331939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6331939/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Fig. 3A–C</figureCitation>
). Considering the spatial and temporal separation between the two records, it is possible that they correspond to independent hybridization events.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89DA193E6CFFB5FF43FCC2FEFBFBC7" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,1841]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
Despite the rarity of natural hybrids, there do not appear to be genetic barriers to interspecific or intergeneric crosses in
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FEFEFC3EFE77FC0B" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1813" box="[256,404,914,940]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FEFEFC3EFE77FC0B" box="[256,404,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Cyrtopodium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Experimental crosses with plants kept under cultivation have shown that many species are compatible, and artificial hybrids are easily formed (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA7A7E83E6CFFB5FD16FC1AFBA0FC77" author="Romero-Gonzalez, G. A. &amp; Batista, J. A. N. &amp; Bianchetti, L. B." box="[744,1091,950,976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" pagination="189 - 206" refId="ref5445" refString="Romero-Gonzalez, G. A., Batista, J. A. N. &amp; Bianchetti, L. B. (2008) A Synopsis of the genus Cyrtopodium (Catasetinae: Orchidaceae). Harvard Papers in Botany 13: 189 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.3100 / 1043 - 4534 (2008) 13 [189: ASOTGC] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2008">
Romero-González
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FC3FFC1BFC1FFC77" box="[961,1020,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
). There are records of artificial hybrids between species of
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FE40FC76FDB1FC53" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1813" box="[446,594,986,1012]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FE40FC76FDB1FC53" box="[446,594,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Cyrtopodium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as well as this genus with other genera of tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FB96FC76FB0CFC53" authorityName="Pfitzer" authorityYear="1887" box="[1128,1263,986,1012]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Cymbidieae">Cymbidieae</taxonomicName>
such as
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FAAEFC76FEB8FBBF" authority="Lindley (1844: 12)" authorityName="Lindley" authorityPageNumber="12" authorityYear="1844" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Ansellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FAAEFC76FA4FFC53" box="[1360,1452,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Ansellia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA7A7E83E6CFFB5FF76FC52FEB8FBBF" author="Lindley, J." box="[136,347,1022,1048]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" pagination="12" refId="ref4739" refString="Lindley, J. (1844) Ansellia. Edwards's Botanical Register 30: 12." type="journal article" year="1844">Lindley (1844: 12)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FE9BFC52FCF2FBBF" authority="Blume (1825: 377)" authorityName="Blume" authorityPageNumber="377" authorityYear="1825" box="[357,785,1022,1049]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Grammatophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FE9BFC52FDDAFBBF" box="[357,569,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Grammatophyllum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA7A7E83E6CFFB5FDC0FC52FCF2FBBF" author="Blume, C. L." box="[574,785,1022,1049]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" pagination="377" refId="ref4105" refString="Blume, C. L. (1825) Grammatophyllum. Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indie 8: 377. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 115427" type="journal article" year="1825">Blume (1825: 377)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FCBAFC53FB78FBBF" authority="Lindley (1843: 13)" authorityName="Lindley" authorityPageNumber="13" authorityYear="1843" box="[836,1179,1022,1048]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Promenaea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FCBAFC53FC27FBBF" box="[836,964,1023,1048]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Promenaea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA7A7E83E6CFFB5FC34FC52FB78FBBF" author="Lindley, J." box="[970,1179,1022,1048]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" pagination="13" refId="ref4723" refString="Lindley, J. (1843) Promenaea. Edwards's Botanical Register 29: 13." type="journal article" year="1843">Lindley (1843: 13)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
or even crosses between several genera such as
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FE6EFB8EFDC7FB9B" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1813" box="[400,548,1058,1084]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FE6EFB8EFDC7FB9B" box="[400,548,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Cyrtopodium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FDCAFB8EFCEBFB9B" authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1825" box="[564,776,1058,1084]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Grammatophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FDCAFB8EFCEBFB9B" box="[564,776,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Grammatophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FCBCFB8EFA48FB9A" authority="Swartz (1799: 70)" authorityName="Swartz" authorityPageNumber="70" authorityYear="1799" box="[834,1451,1058,1085]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cymbidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FCBCFB8EFC20FB9B" box="[834,963,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Cymbidium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA7A7E83E6CFFB5FC32FB8EFB79FB9B" author="Swartz, O. P." box="[972,1178,1058,1084]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" pagination="70" refId="ref5647" refString="Swartz, O. P. (1799) Cymbidium. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis 6: 70." type="journal article" year="1799">Swartz (1799: 70)</bibRefCitation>
(
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FB52FB8EFA41FB9B" box="[1196,1442,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Cyrtogramcymbidium</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA7A7E83E6CFFB5FF6EFBEAFEE8FBC7" author="RHS &amp; London U. K." box="[144,267,1094,1120]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" refId="ref5400" refString="RHS (2021) Orchid hybrid registration. Royal Horticultural Society, London U. K. Available from: https: // apps. rhs. org. uk / horticulturaldatabase / orchidregister / orchidregister. asp (accessed 23 July 2021)." type="url" year="2021">RHS 2021</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89DA193E6CFFB5FF43FBC6FD04F9B7" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,1841]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FF43FBC6FE47FB23" authorityName="Link &amp; Otto ex Reichenbach" authorityYear="1830" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[189,420,1130,1156]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FF43FBC6FE47FB23" box="[189,420,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Cyrtopodium flavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of the few species of the genus for which there are pollination studies. On the coast of
<collectingRegion id="49F214FB3E6CFFB5FF76FB22FF18FB0F" box="[136,251,1166,1192]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FEFAFB23FE93FB0F" authorityName="Link &amp; Otto ex Reichenbach" authorityYear="1830" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[260,368,1166,1193]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FEFAFB23FE93FB0F" box="[260,368,1166,1193]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C. flavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is pollinated by two species of
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FD37FB23FCF8FB0E" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[713,795,1167,1193]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Centris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FD37FB23FCF8FB0E" box="[713,795,1167,1193]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Centris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FCD7FB23FC33FB0F" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1874" box="[809,976,1167,1193]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Centris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsata">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FCD7FB23FC33FB0F" box="[809,976,1167,1193]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Centris tarsata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FBFAFB23FA44FB0F" authority="(Pansarin et al. 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Pansarin" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[1028,1447,1166,1193]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Centris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labrosa">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FBFAFB23FB51FB0F" box="[1028,1202,1166,1193]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Centris labrosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA7A7E83E6CFFB5FB40FB22FA7CFB0F" author="Pansarin, L. M. &amp; Pansarin, E. R. &amp; Sazima, M." box="[1214,1439,1166,1192]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" pagination="650 - 659" refId="ref5055" refString="Pansarin, L. M., Pansarin, E. R. &amp; Sazima, M. (2008) Reproductive biology of Cyrtopodium polyphyllum (Orchidaceae): a Cyrtopodiinae pollinated by deceit. Plant Biology 10: 650 - 659. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1438 - 8677.2008.00060. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
Pansarin
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FAD8FB23FABDFB0F" box="[1318,1374,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, while in Florida, where the species has adapted as an invasive species,
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FC65FB1FFBE4FB6B" authorityName="Link &amp; Otto ex Reichenbach" authorityYear="1830" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[923,1031,1202,1229]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FC65FB1FFBE4FB6B" box="[923,1031,1202,1229]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C. flavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is pollinated by
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FB41FB1FFABAFB6B" baseAuthorityName="Pemberton &amp; Liu" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[1215,1369,1202,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Centris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitida">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FB41FB1FFABAFB6B" box="[1215,1369,1202,1229]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Centris nitida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which in turn is also a local invasive species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA7A7E83E6CFFB5FDCAFB7AFCD8FB57" author="Liu, H. &amp; Pemberton, R." box="[564,827,1238,1264]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" pagination="290 - 295" refId="ref4812" refString="Liu, H. &amp; Pemberton, R. (2010) Pollination of an invasive orchid, Cyrtopodium polyphyllum (Orchidaceae), by an invasive oilcollecting bee, Centris nitida, in southern Florida. Botany 88: 290 - 295. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / B 10 - 017" type="journal article" year="2010">Liu &amp; Pemberton 2010</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="F3219A893E6CFFB5FC97FB7AFC53FB57" box="[873,944,1238,1264]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, there are no pollination studies for any of the epiphytic species of the genus, but in southeastern Florida,
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FCE4FB57FC53FAB3" authorityName="Lindley" authorityYear="1833" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus 1759:" baseAuthorityYear="1246" box="[794,944,1275,1301]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="punctatum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FCE4FB57FC53FAB3" box="[794,944,1275,1301]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C. punctatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is pollinated by the native bee
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FAF7FB57FA48FAB3" authorityName="Fox" authorityYear="1899" box="[1289,1451,1275,1301]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Centris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="errans">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FAF7FB57FA48FAB3" box="[1289,1451,1275,1301]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Centris errans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and to a lesser degree, by the invader
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FDD9FAB3FC3EFA9F" authority="(Pemberton &amp; Liu 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Pemberton &amp; Liu" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[551,989,1310,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Centris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitida">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FDD9FAB3FD23FA9F" box="[551,704,1310,1337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Centris nitida</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA7A7E83E6CFFB5FD30FAB2FC36FA9F" author="Pemberton, R. &amp; Liu, H." box="[718,981,1310,1336]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" pagination="1758 - 1764" refId="ref5115" refString="Pemberton, R. &amp; Liu, H. (2008) Potential of invasive and native solitary specialist bee pollinators to help restore the rare cowhorn orchid (Cyrtopodium punctatum) in Florida. Biological Conservation 141: 1758 - 1764. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocon. 2008.04.016" type="journal article" year="2008">Pemberton &amp; Liu 2008</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Although they are pollinated by different species, the fact that both
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FE56FAEFFDF7FAFB" authorityName="Link &amp; Otto ex Reichenbach" authorityYear="1830" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[424,532,1346,1373]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FE56FAEFFDF7FAFB" box="[424,532,1346,1373]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C. flavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from the group of terrestrial species with yellow flowers, and
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FB2FFAEFFA84FAFB" authorityName="Lindley" authorityYear="1833" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus 1759:" baseAuthorityYear="1246" box="[1233,1383,1347,1373]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="punctatum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FB2FFAEFFA84FAFB" box="[1233,1383,1347,1373]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C. punctatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from the group of epiphytic species with spotted flowers, are pollinated by species of
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FBF8FACBFBBBFA26" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[1030,1112,1383,1409]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Centris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FBF8FACBFBBBFA26" box="[1030,1112,1383,1409]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Centris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, reinforces the possibility that natural hybridization may occur between species of these two groups. In southern Florida,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA7A7E83E6CFFB5FB6CFA26FA4FFA03" author="Liu, H. &amp; Pemberton, R." box="[1170,1452,1418,1444]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" pagination="290 - 295" refId="ref4812" refString="Liu, H. &amp; Pemberton, R. (2010) Pollination of an invasive orchid, Cyrtopodium polyphyllum (Orchidaceae), by an invasive oilcollecting bee, Centris nitida, in southern Florida. Botany 88: 290 - 295. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / B 10 - 017" type="journal article" year="2010">Liu &amp; Pemberton (2010)</bibRefCitation>
reported that hand hybridization between the naturalized
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FCFFFA03FC8FFA6F" authorityName="Link &amp; Otto ex Reichenbach" authorityYear="1830" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[769,876,1454,1481]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FCFFFA03FC8FFA6F" box="[769,876,1454,1481]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C. flavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the native
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FBEDFA03FB4AFA6F" authorityName="Lindley" authorityYear="1833" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus 1759:" baseAuthorityYear="1246" box="[1043,1193,1455,1481]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="punctatum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FBEDFA03FB4AFA6F" box="[1043,1193,1455,1481]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C. punctatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
produced viable seeds, and expressed concern that a potential introgression from the invasive species could disrupt the gene pool of the rare native
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FF2DFA5BFE89F9B7" authorityName="Lindley" authorityYear="1833" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus 1759:" baseAuthorityYear="1246" box="[211,362,1527,1553]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="punctatum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FF2DFA5BFE89F9B7" box="[211,362,1527,1553]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C. punctatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and further threaten its existence.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89DA193E6CFFB5FF43F9B6FE7AF896" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,1841]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
So far
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FEF2F9B7FEC6F992" box="[268,293,1563,1589]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C.</emphasis>
×
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FEB9F9B6FE16F993" box="[327,501,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">flavopunctatum</emphasis>
is known by a single individual. However, since terrestrial
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FB5FF9B6FAD6F993" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1813" box="[1185,1333,1562,1588]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FB5FF9B6FAD6F993" box="[1185,1333,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Cyrtopodium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
plants are common in the region where the new taxon was found and it can only be identified when flowering, it is possible that other individuals have gone unnoticed. Considering that the color pattern of
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FBCBF9CFFBACF9DA" box="[1077,1103,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C.</emphasis>
×
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FB8DF9CEFAC2F9DB" box="[1139,1313,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">flavopunctatum</emphasis>
flowers are quite distinct and does not seem to be a mere variation in the color of
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FC63F92BFBE9F907" authorityName="Link &amp; Otto ex Reichenbach" authorityYear="1830" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[925,1034,1670,1697]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FC63F92BFBE9F907" box="[925,1034,1670,1697]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C. flavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as well as the additional differences mentioned above, we propose that the specimen from São Francisco do Sul represents a natural hybrid between
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FA6CF907FF37F94F" authorityName="Link &amp; Otto ex Reichenbach" authorityYear="1830" baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1832" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FA6CF907FF37F94F" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C. flavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and one of the epiphyte species that occur in the Atlantic Forest domain,
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FBFCF963FB79F94F" box="[1026,1178,1742,1769]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmifrons">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FBFCF963FB79F94F" box="[1026,1178,1742,1769]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C. palmifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C36A19A3E6CFFB5FB40F963FAF8F94F" box="[1214,1307,1743,1769]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cyrtopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="B942060B3E6CFFB5FB40F963FAF8F94F" box="[1214,1307,1743,1769]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">C. gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In any case, additional studies with genetic data or other data source are needed to evaluate this hypothesis and, if correct, identify the other parental taxon.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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