215 lines
24 KiB
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215 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="C36D24D59DEA350D216D27E651776699" ID-CLB-Dataset="45800" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3795.3.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f0614c34-e456-4231-a5c0-281479168dac" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="252134" ID-ZooBank="77AB3EAA-DA13-4C8D-885D-EB9F5F14DE34" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460418923756" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L. & Foltz, David W." docDate="2014" docId="039F453C95508725FF0BFC9DFB3CF92C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03795p372.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3795 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Chondraster Verrill 1895" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="333" masterDocId="FFA63D4495568723FF9CFFD9FFA3FF87" masterDocTitle="New taxa and taxonomic revisions to the Poraniidae (Valvatacea; Asteroidea) with Comments on Feeding Biology" masterLastPageNumber="372" masterPageNumber="327" pageNumber="333" updateTime="1698329523474" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="7D767FA660E6D1EABC47199D97AA8FAF">New taxa and taxonomic revisions to the Poraniidae (Valvatacea; Asteroidea) with Comments on Feeding Biology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="966B1821512B5C2A5F6AD63B06C9AC50">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="77CFC0A37838FD23B7D1C9FEF6C0D883">Foltz, David W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="720D019CB54409F98A34A73171D4C035">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="80DECFF35757E5900CE1F3CEA79442B8">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="688F3C709952B269E80E498C1A78C764">3795</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039F453C95508725FF0BFC9DFB3CF92C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6133819" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119426364" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6133819" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F453C95508725FF0BFC9DFB3CF92C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F453C95508725FF0BFC9DFB3CF92C" lastPageNumber="333" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">
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<subSubSection id="C32CA7A195508725FF0BFC9DFE72FCD9" box="[151,465,836,862]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B89F42A95508725FF0BFC9DFE72FCD9" blockId="6.[151,465,836,862]" box="[151,465,836,862]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">
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<heading id="D0C1434695508725FF0BFC9DFE72FCD9" bold="true" box="[151,465,836,862]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995508725FF0BFC9DFE72FCD9" ID-CoL="7NSRH" authority="Verrill, 1895" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,465,836,862]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Chondraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B942283895508725FF0BFC9DFE72FCD9" bold="true" box="[151,465,836,862]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">
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<emphasis id="B942283895508725FF0BFC9DFE8DFCD9" bold="true" box="[151,302,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">Chondraster</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95508725FEA9FC9DFE72FCD9" author="Verrill" box="[309,465,836,862]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1895) Distribution of the echinoderms of north - eastern America. American Journal of Science, 49, 127 - 141." type="journal article" year="1895">Verrill, 1895</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32CA7A195508725FF0BFC52FC70FBA4" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B89F42A95508725FF0BFC52FBA5FC27" blockId="6.[151,1435,906,990]" box="[151,1030,906,928]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB26D30495508725FF0BFC52FBA5FC27" box="[151,1030,906,928]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">
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<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995508725FF0BFC52FD97FC27" authority="Verrill 1895: 137" authorityName="Verrill" authorityPageNumber="137" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,564,906,928]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chondraster">
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<emphasis id="B942283895508725FF0BFC52FEDBFC27" box="[151,376,906,928]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">Porania (Chondraster</emphasis>
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)
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<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B95508725FE1BFC53FD97FC27" author="Verrill" box="[391,564,906,928]" page="137" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" year="1895">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95508725FE1BFC53FDA6FC27" author="Verrill" box="[391,517,906,928]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1895) Distribution of the echinoderms of north - eastern America. American Journal of Science, 49, 127 - 141." type="journal article" year="1895">Verrill 1895</bibRefCitation>
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: 137
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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[Non
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<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995508725FDE9FC52FCC2FC27" ID-CoL="7PTRL" authority="(Chondraster)" baseAuthorityName="Chondraster" box="[629,865,906,928]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B942283895508725FDE9FC52FCF5FC27" box="[629,854,906,928]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">Porania (Chondraster</emphasis>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95508725FCF0FC53FC5AFC27" author="Madsen" box="[876,1017,906,928]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1959) A new North - Atlantic sea - star Chondraster hermanni n. sp. with some remarks on related forms. Videnskabelige Meddelelser Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 121, 161 - 170." type="journal article" year="1959">Madsen 1959</bibRefCitation>
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)]
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B89F42A95508725FF0BFC70FD6AFC59" blockId="6.[151,1435,906,990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB26D30495508725FF0BFC70FD6AFC59" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">
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<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995508725FF0BFC70FE6FFC38" ID-CoL="7NSRH" authority="Verrill 1914b: 21" authorityName="Verrill" authorityPageNumber="21" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,460,937,959]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Chondraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B942283895508725FF0BFC70FEB4FC38" box="[151,279,937,959]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">Chondraster</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B95508725FE81FC70FE6FFC38" author="Verrill" box="[285,460,937,959]" page="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" year="1914">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95508725FE81FC70FE05FC38" author="Verrill" box="[285,422,937,959]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1914 b) Revision of some genera and species of starfishes, with descriptions of a few new genera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 14 (79), 13 - 22. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931408693536" type="journal article" year="1914" yearSuffix="b">Verrill 1914b</bibRefCitation>
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: 21
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B95508725FE4BFC73FD1AFC38" author="Clark" box="[471,697,937,959]" page="275" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" year="1923">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95508725FE4BFC73FD25FC38" author="Clark" box="[471,646,937,959]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" refString="Clark, H. L. (1923) The Echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 13 (7), 221 - 435." type="journal article" year="1923">H.L. Clark, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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: 275
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95508725FD5FFC70FC14FC38" author="Spencer" box="[707,951,937,959]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" refString="Spencer, W. K. & Wright, C. W. (1966) Asterozoans, Part U, Echinodermata. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, 3 (1), U 4 - U 107." type="journal article" year="1966">Spencer & Wright 1966</bibRefCitation>
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: U69;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B95508725FC66FC73FA34FC38" author="Clark" box="[1018,1431,937,959]" page="73" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" year="1976">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95508725FC66FC73FAD1FC38" author="Clark" box="[1018,1394,937,959]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" refString="Clark, A. M. & Courtman-Stock, J. (1976) The Echinoderms of Southern Africa. Publ. 766 BMNH, London, 277 pp." type="book" year="1976">A.M. Clark & Courtman-Stock 1976</bibRefCitation>
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: 73
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B95508725FF5BFC11FE3EFC59" author="Clark" box="[199,413,968,990]" page="27" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" year="1984">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95508725FF5BFC11FEDBFC59" author="Clark" box="[199,376,968,990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" refString="Clark, A. M. (1984) Notes on Atlantic and other Asteroidea. 4. Families Poraniidae and Asteropseidae. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 47 (1), 19 - 51." type="journal article" year="1984">A.M. Clark 1984</bibRefCitation>
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: 27
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B95508725FE34FC11FD66FC59" author="Clark" box="[424,709,968,990]" page="202" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" year="1992">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95508725FE34FC11FD31FC59" author="Clark" box="[424,658,968,990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 820 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
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: 202
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B89F42A95508725FF0BFBD3FC70FBA4" blockId="6.[151,1437,1034,1707]" box="[151,979,1034,1059]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">
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<emphasis id="B942283895508725FF0BFBD3FEC0FBA4" bold="true" box="[151,355,1034,1059]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">Species included.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995508725FEF6FBD2FD0AFBA4" ID-CoL="69ZPT" authority="H.L. Clark 1923" authorityName="H.L. Clark" authorityYear="1923" box="[362,681,1034,1059]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Chondraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elattosis">
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<emphasis id="B942283895508725FEF6FBD2FE44FBA4" box="[362,487,1034,1059]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">C. elattosis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95508725FE73FBD2FD0AFBA4" author="Clark" box="[495,681,1034,1059]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" refString="Clark, H. L. (1923) The Echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 13 (7), 221 - 435." type="journal article" year="1923">H.L. Clark 1923</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995508725FD29FBD2FC6DFBA4" ID-CoL="69ZQ5" authority="Verrill 1878" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1878" box="[693,974,1034,1059]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Chondraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grandis">
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<emphasis id="B942283895508725FD29FBD2FC88FBA4" box="[693,811,1034,1059]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">C. grandis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95508725FCA5FBD3FC65FBA4" author="Verrill" box="[825,966,1034,1059]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1878) Notice of recent additions to the marine fauna of the eastern coast of North America. 1 & 2. American Journal of Science, 16, 207 - 215, 371 - 378. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2475 / ajs. s 3 - 16.93.207" type="journal article" year="1878">Verrill 1878</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32CA7A195508725FF5BFBF7FD58FBC0" box="[199,763,1070,1095]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B89F42A95508725FF5BFBF7FD58FBC0" blockId="6.[151,1437,1034,1707]" box="[199,763,1070,1095]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">
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<emphasis id="B942283895508725FF5BFBF7FEC1FBC0" bold="true" box="[199,354,1070,1095]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">
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<typeStatus id="548D4A8895508725FF5BFBF7FEA1FBC0" box="[199,258,1070,1095]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995508725FEF5FBF7FD55FBC0" authority="Verrill 1878" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1878" box="[361,758,1070,1095]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Chondraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grandis">
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<emphasis id="B942283895508725FEF5FBF7FDF1FBC0" box="[361,594,1070,1095]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">Chondraster grandis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95508725FDFDFBF7FD4CFBC0" author="Verrill" box="[609,751,1070,1095]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1878) Notice of recent additions to the marine fauna of the eastern coast of North America. 1 & 2. American Journal of Science, 16, 207 - 215, 371 - 378. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2475 / ajs. s 3 - 16.93.207" type="journal article" year="1878">Verrill 1878</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32CA7A195508725FF5BFB8BFB3CF92C" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B89F42A95508725FF5BFB8BFE03FAE0" blockId="6.[151,1437,1034,1707]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">
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<emphasis id="B942283895508725FF5BFB8BFEE2FBEC" bold="true" box="[199,321,1106,1131]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Body weakly stellate to pentagonal. Body wall thickened, surface smooth and firm. Abactinal plates strongly reduced, embedded within tissue of abactinal body wall. Surface without prominent accessories, but tiny spinelets, sclerites observed on dry specimens. Papulae prominent, present along two longtiduinal areas on each ray. Marginal plates concealed deep within the thickened body wall. Superomarginals bar-like oriented with adradial ends of the inferomarginals. Actinal surface smooth, spineless. Fasciolar grooves present, oriented between inferomarginals and adambulacrals. Adambulacral plates with two or more slightly inset furrow spines, backed but set apart by two or more subambulacrals spines contained within a fleshy sheath. (based on
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95508725FA8BFAF3FA34FAC4" author="Clark" box="[1303,1431,1322,1347]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" refString="Clark, A. M. (1984) Notes on Atlantic and other Asteroidea. 4. Families Poraniidae and Asteropseidae. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 47 (1), 19 - 51." type="journal article" year="1984">Clark 1984</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95508725FF0BFA97FE3BFAE0" author="Clark" box="[151,408,1358,1383]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 820 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B89F42A95508725FF5BFAABFB3CF92C" blockId="6.[151,1437,1034,1707]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">
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<emphasis id="B942283895508725FF5BFAABFE72FA0C" bold="true" box="[199,465,1394,1419]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">Taxonomic comments.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95508725FE44FAABFC94FA0C" author="Clark" box="[472,823,1394,1419]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 820 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark and Downey (1992: 202)</bibRefCitation>
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state that the only distinguishing character between
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<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995508725FA1EFAAAFF57FA28" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Chondraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elattosis">
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<emphasis id="B942283895508725FA1EFAAAFF57FA28" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">C. elattosis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995508725FEB6FA4EFE03FA28" box="[298,416,1430,1455]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Chondraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B942283895508725FEB6FA4EFE03FA28" box="[298,416,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">C. grandis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is the presence of “up to four” furrow spines in the former rather than only two in the latter species. Two specimens of the west Atlantic
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995508725FD09FA62FCAFFA54" box="[661,780,1466,1491]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Chondraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B942283895508725FD09FA62FCAFFA54" box="[661,780,1466,1491]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">C. grandis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(USNM
|
|
<accessionNumber id="946569C995508725FCEBFA63FC72FA54" box="[887,977,1466,1491]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/E50285" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" type="EnaNcbi">E50285</accessionNumber>
|
|
,
|
|
<accessionNumber id="946569C995508725FC41FA63FB9AFA54" box="[989,1081,1466,1491]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/E50540" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" type="EnaNcbi">E50540</accessionNumber>
|
|
), from Baltimore Canyon, both show two to three furrow spines, indicating morphological overlap with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995508725FC51FA06FBEFFA70" box="[973,1100,1502,1527]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Chondraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elattosis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B942283895508725FC51FA06FBEFFA70" box="[973,1100,1502,1527]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">C. elattosis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Although few characters are observed in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995508725FEBFF9DBFE12F99C" box="[291,433,1538,1563]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Chondraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B942283895508725FEBFF9DBFE12F99C" box="[291,433,1538,1563]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">Chondraster</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
overall, the lack of morphological differences does suggest that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995508725FB08F9DAFA3FF99C" authority="Clark 1923" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1923" box="[1172,1436,1538,1563]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Chondraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elattosis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B942283895508725FB08F9DAFAB7F99C" box="[1172,1300,1538,1563]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">C. elattosis</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95508725FA81F9DBFA3FF99C" author="Clark" box="[1309,1436,1538,1563]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" refString="Clark, H. L. (1923) The Echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 13 (7), 221 - 435." type="journal article" year="1923">Clark 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
may be part of a widely occurring species similar to the widespread distribution of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995508725FBD8F9FEFB69F9B9" box="[1092,1226,1575,1598]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B942283895508725FBD8F9FEFB69F9B9" box="[1092,1226,1575,1598]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">Hippasteria</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95508725FB45F9FFFA33F9B8" author="Foltz" box="[1241,1424,1574,1599]" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" refString="Foltz, D., Fatland, S., Eleaume, M., Markello, K., Howell, K., Neil, K. & Mah, C. (2013) Global population divergence of the sea star Hippasteria phrygiana corresponds to onset of the last glacial period of the Pleistocene. Marine Biology, 160 (5), 1285 - 1296. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 013 - 2180 - 1" type="journal article" year="2013">Foltz et al 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), which also occurs in the North and South Atlantic.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995508725FD46F993FC66F9E4" box="[730,965,1610,1635]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Chondraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B942283895508725FD46F993FC66F9E4" box="[730,965,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">Chondraster grandis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995508725FC60F992FBD8F9E4" box="[1020,1147,1610,1635]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Chondraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elattosis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B942283895508725FC60F992FBD8F9E4" box="[1020,1147,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">C. elattosis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
also occur at comparable depths. We retain
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995508725FEFBF9B6FE7CF900" box="[359,479,1646,1671]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Chondraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B942283895508725FEFBF9B6FE7CF900" box="[359,479,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">C. grandis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995508725FD86F9B6FD3AF900" box="[538,665,1646,1671]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Chondraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elattosis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B942283895508725FD86F9B6FD3AF900" box="[538,665,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">C. elattosis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as separate species herein due to the lack of specimen data for the South Atlantic
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995508725FEDCF94AFE1DF92C" box="[320,446,1682,1707]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Chondraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="333" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elattosis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B942283895508725FEDCF94AFE1DF92C" box="[320,446,1682,1707]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="333">C. elattosis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
but effectively no characters clearly differentiate the two species.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |