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<document id="0429BD005460126038A47CBB3E90137D" ID-DOI="10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.01" ID-ISSN="1447-2554" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1718999175370" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2023" docId="03889522DD75FFA2FCF0FDB5FAAF8FD7" docLanguage="en" docName="MemMusVictoria.83.1-35.pdf" docOrigin="Memoirs of Museum Victoria 83" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.01" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45.2:MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45" docStyleName="MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Circeaster dux Mah, 2023, n.sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="FFB1ED5ADD79FFACFFD9FFE2FF8F8D61" masterDocTitle="New Goniasteridae and in situ observations significant to deep-sea coral predation" masterLastPageNumber="35" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1719015880144" updateUser="GgImagineBatch" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="7F214CF478099A0BC1E10DA9AE55365E">New Goniasteridae and in situ observations significant to deep-sea coral predation</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="32F359B83AC7A93500F5F7D2B094913D">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03889522DD75FFA2FCF0FDB5FAAF8FD7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03889522DD75FFA2FCF0FDB5FAAF8FD7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03889522DD75FFA2FCF0FDB5FAAF8FD7" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection id="C33B77BFDD75FFA0FCF0FDB5FA2F8FF7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD75FFA0FCF0FDB5FC738F0C" blockId="12.[809,1020,599,621]" box="[809,1020,599,621]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="D0D69358DD75FFA0FCF0FDB5FC738F0C" bold="true" box="[809,1020,599,621]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B955F826DD75FFA0FCF0FDB5FC738F0C" bold="true" box="[809,1020,599,621]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD75FFA0FCF0FDB5FC4B8F0C" ID-CoL="C6S84" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[809,964,599,621]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dux" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B955F826DD75FFA0FCF0FDB5FC4B8F0C" bold="true" box="[809,964,599,621]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Circeaster dux</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A266455DDD75FFA0FC13FDBAFC738F0C" box="[970,1020,600,621]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD75FFA0FC96FD61FA2F8FF7" blockId="12.[809,1440,643,689]" box="[847,1440,643,662]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F8D87DCB-8F25-4794-B304-</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B77BFDD75FFA2FCF0FD7CFAAF8FD7" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD75FFA0FCF0FD7CFC478FD0" blockId="12.[809,1440,643,689]" box="[809,968,670,689]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CC2CFEBC8429</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD75FFA0FCF0FD2BFC2B8FBE" blockId="12.[809,932,713,735]" box="[809,932,713,735]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<figureCitation id="131A38B1DD75FFA0FCF0FD2BFC2B8FBE" box="[809,932,713,735]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[147,206,1830,1849]" captionTargetBox="[181,1414,227,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-7@13.[181,1414,227,1813]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Circeaster dux n. sp. WAM Z110163: a, abactinal surface; b, abactinal surface detail; c, abactinal arm surface, detail; d, lateral view showing marginal plate surfaces; e, actinal surface; f, actinal surface showing inferomarginal plates and furrow spines; g, actinal pedicellariae (circled); h, furrow spines, adambulacral spination, pedicellariae (circled). Scale: a, e=20.0 mm, b, c, d=5.0 mm, f=10.0 mm, g=1.0 mm, h=3.0 mm." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 6a–h</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD75FFA0FCF0FD17FAE78E48" blockId="12.[809,1440,757,809]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B955F826DD75FFA0FCF0FD17FC158E6B" box="[809,922,757,778]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet
<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD75FFA0FBB4FD17FB1D8E6B" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[1133,1170,757,778]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dux">
<emphasis id="B955F826DD75FFA0FBB4FD17FB1D8E6B" box="[1133,1170,757,778]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">dux</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is Latin for “commander” or “leader”, alluding to this species’ striking appearance.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD75FFA0FCF0FCA2FAFF8870" blockId="12.[808,1443,832,1297]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B955F826DD75FFA0FCF0FCA2FC1A8E34" box="[809,917,832,853]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body stellate (R/r=3.06), arms elongate, triangular. Body covered by hemispherical granules, spinelets absent. Abactinal plates flat to weakly convex, bare other than pedicellariae. Large abactinal plates on arms, strongly tumid, in 4–6 series, arm plates at least twice as large as those on disk. Superomarginal plates forming distinct frame when viewed dorsally. Marginal plate lateral surface with 2–4 paddle-shaped alveolar pedicellariae; three or more present interradially, decreasing to two or fewer distally. Marginal plates smooth and bare, save for flattened, round granules, 20–30 on abactinal surface of superomarginals, lower surface of inferomarginals. Furrow spines 6–8, triangular in cross-section. Subambulacrals three, with jagged, broad tips, each approximately twice as thick as the adjacent furrow spine. Each adambulacral plate with a large clam-like pedicellaria similar to those on abactinal surface with four jagged, well-spaced teeth on each valve.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD75FFA0FCF0FACAFAF18B27" blockId="12.[807,1441,1319,1696]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B955F826DD75FFA0FCF0FACAFC1E885C" box="[809,913,1320,1341]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Comments</emphasis>
. This species resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD75FFA0FB47FACAFCD5883A" authority="Mah 2006" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2006" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kristinae">
<emphasis id="B955F826DD75FFA0FB47FACAFAE8885D" box="[1182,1383,1319,1341]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Circeaster kristinae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB059C5DD75FFA0FAAAFAC5FCD5883A" author="Mah, C. L." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="917 - 954" refId="ref23487" refString="Mah, C. L. 2006. Phylogeny and biogeography of the deep-sea goniasterid, Circeaster (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) including descriptions of six new species. Zoosystema 28 (4): 917 - 954." type="journal article" year="2006">Mah 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD75FFA0FC41FAA7FAAF883B" authority="Koehler 1909" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1909" box="[920,1312,1349,1371]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="magdalenae">
<emphasis id="B955F826DD75FFA0FC41FAA7FB0C883B" box="[920,1155,1349,1370]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Circeaster magdalenae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB059C5DD75FFA0FB56FAA7FAAF883B" author="Koehler, R." box="[1167,1312,1349,1371]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="115 - 131" refId="ref23114" refString="Koehler, R. 1909. An account of the deep-sea Asteroidea collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator. Echinoderma of the Indian Museum 5: 115 - 131." type="journal article" year="1909">Koehler 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: all share a similar arm and disk shape, prominent superomarginal frame, and similar abactinal plates when viewed on the abactinal surface. It differs in lacking a spinelet-covered surface, and is instead covered by numerous smooth, hemispherical granules. Granules are present in abundance on the abactinal arm plates, but sparingly present on
<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD75FFA0FC4AFA14FB8A8B6A" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2006" box="[915,1029,1526,1547]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kristinae">
<emphasis id="B955F826DD75FFA0FC4AFA14FB8A8B6A" box="[915,1029,1526,1547]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. kristinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD75FFA0FBEAFA14FB488B6A" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1909" box="[1075,1223,1526,1547]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="magdalenae">
<emphasis id="B955F826DD75FFA0FBEAFA14FB488B6A" box="[1075,1223,1526,1547]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. magdalenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Three subambulacral spines are present in
<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD75FFA0FC27F9F6FBEB8B48" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[1022,1124,1556,1577]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="n sp.">
<emphasis id="B955F826DD75FFA0FC27F9F6FBEB8B48" box="[1022,1124,1556,1577]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Circeaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A266455DDD75FFA0FBB2F9F6FB128B48" box="[1131,1181,1556,1577]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">n sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, whereas only one or two are present in
<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD75FFA0FC6AF9D3FBAA8B27" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2006" box="[947,1061,1585,1606]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kristinae">
<emphasis id="B955F826DD75FFA0FC6AF9D3FBAA8B27" box="[947,1061,1585,1606]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. kristinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and none occur on
<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD75FFA0FB3DF9D3FAF78B27" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1909" box="[1252,1400,1585,1606]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="magdalenae">
<emphasis id="B955F826DD75FFA0FB3DF9D3FAF78B27" box="[1252,1400,1585,1606]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. magdalenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD75FFA0FC96F9ADFB6E8BC1" blockId="12.[807,1441,1319,1696]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Most distinctive about this species is the numerous alveolar pedicellariae on the surface of both superomarginal and inferomarginal plates in regular series.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD75FFA0FCF3F955FB768A66" blockId="12.[809,1440,1718,1799]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B955F826DD75FFA0FCF3F955FC2A8BAD" box="[810,933,1719,1740]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD75FFA0FCF3F955FC2E8BAD" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[810,929,1719,1740]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" rank="subFamily" status="nov. subfamily" subFamily="Occurrence">Occurrence</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B492E69DD75FFA0FC6AF955FB768A66" county="Known" elevation="713" latitude="-22.00276" location="Gascoyne Marine Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="113.73333" municipality="Site" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="713" stateProvince="Western Australia">
<collectingCounty id="62FF5CB8DD75FFA0FC6AF955FC728BAD" box="[947,1021,1719,1740]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Known</collectingCounty>
only from the
<typeStatus id="549A9A96DD75FFA0FB6FF955FB6D8BAD" box="[1206,1250,1719,1740]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
locality,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFABE4EDD75FFA0FA88F954FAF88BAD" box="[1361,1399,1718,1740]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Site</collectingMunicipality>
30
<location id="8EFE72EFDD75FFA0FCF0F936FBA98B8B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03889522DD75FFA2FCF0FDB5FAAF8FD7:8EFE72EFDD75FFA0FCF0F936FBA98B8B" box="[809,1062,1748,1770]" county="Known" latitude="-22.00276" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="113.73333" municipality="Site" name="Gascoyne Marine Park" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Western Australia">Gascoyne Marine Park</location>
,
<quantity id="4CD989D1DD75FFA0FBE1F936FB0E8B8B" box="[1080,1153,1748,1770]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="km" value="19.0">19 km</quantity>
W. of
<location id="8EFE72EFDD75FFA0FB04F936FAB58B8B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03889522DD75FFA2FCF0FDB5FAAF8FD7:8EFE72EFDD75FFA0FB04F936FAB58B8B" box="[1245,1338,1748,1770]" county="Known" latitude="-22.00276" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="113.73333" municipality="Site" name="Lakeside" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Western Australia">Lakeside</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49E5EAD6DD75FFA0FA94F936FC078A66" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1542F3DD75FFA0FC4AF913FB808A67" box="[915,1039,1777,1799]" degrees="22.00276" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="1" value="-22.00276">22.00276° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1542F3DD75FFA0FBC3F913FB258A66" box="[1050,1194,1777,1799]" degrees="113.733333" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="1" value="113.73333">113.733333° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount id="9D27EFBDDD75FFA0FB6CF913FB768A66" box="[1205,1273,1777,1799]" count="713" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CD989D1DD75FFA0FB6CF913FB7A8A66" box="[1205,1269,1777,1799]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.13" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="713.0">
<elevation id="000CC307DD75FFA0FB6CF913FB7A8A66" box="[1205,1269,1777,1799]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.13" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="713.0">713 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD75FFA0FCF0F8FDFB778A0E" blockId="12.[809,1440,1822,1903]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B955F826DD75FFA0FCF0F8FDFC298A55" box="[809,934,1823,1844]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Description.</emphasis>
Body stout, thickened, strongly stellate (R/r=3.06), arms triangular, elongate, proximally wide narrowing at arm tip. Interradial arcs weakly curved to straight.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5E74BCDD74FFA1FF4AF8C4FA288A0F" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[147,206,1830,1849]" targetBox="[181,1414,227,1813]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD74FFA1FF4AF8C4FA288A0F" blockId="13.[147,1448,1830,1902]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Figure 6.
<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD74FFA1FF34F8C5FEFF8A58" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[237,368,1830,1850]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dux" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B955F826DD74FFA1FF34F8C5FEFF8A58" box="[237,368,1830,1850]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Circeaster dux</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A266455DDD74FFA1FEAEF8C5FE278A5B" box="[375,424,1831,1850]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
WAM Z110163: a, abactinal surface; b, abactinal surface detail; c, abactinal arm surface, detail; d, lateral view showing marginal plate surfaces; e, actinal surface; f, actinal surface showing inferomarginal plates and furrow spines; g, actinal pedicellariae (circled); h, furrow spines, adambulacral spination, pedicellariae (circled). Scale: a, e=20.0 mm, b, c, d=5.0 mm, f=10.0 mm, g=1.0 mm, h=3.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD77FFA2FF6BFF07FDAE8E3D" blockId="14.[138,773,229,1903]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Abactinal surface mostly flat on disk, many strongly convex plates on arms. Plates on arms gradually transition to larger and differing from those on disk. Disk plates round to polygonal in shape, each with 1–30 widely separated, coarse, deciduous granules. Plates on disk with many granules and pedicellariae. Pedicellariae paddle-shaped, valves thin, each with 7–10 teeth, present on approximately 40% of plates, with greatest occurrence proximally, especially along papular and other proximal regions. Interradial regions, adjacent to superomarginal contact with plates smaller bearing fewer (1–3) granules, and no pedicellariae. Abactinal arm plates at base wider and larger, 1–3 times the width of proximal disk plates. Disk plates adjacent to the arms similar in size to basal arm plates. Carinal and adradials along arm acutely convex with greater numbers of granules, each bearing up to 25 at arm midpoint. Granules begin to disappear 8–10 superomarginals away from arm tip. Plates flat, surfaces bare and smooth. Abactinal plates along arm decrease at this point from three or four at arm base to a single series adjacent to arm tip. Distalmost superomarginal plates abutted approximately three superomarginals from arm tip. Madreporite hexagonal, convex, rising above body surface with strongly developed sulci, flanked by eight plates. Anus not evident.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD77FFA2FF68FC81FD4C8B72" blockId="14.[138,773,229,1903]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Marginal plates, approximately 27–30 per arm side (full interradius 54–60, arm tip to arm tip). All marginal plates with quadrate granules, approximately 15–20 per side, 60–80 surrounding the plate periphery of each. Superomarginal and inferomarginal plates with strong 1:1 association in each interradius showing associated plates to arm tip. Lateral edge rolled, showing not just the superomarginal but the inferomarginal plate surface from dorsal view. Superomarginal plates wide, quadrate in shape, with rounded edges. Superomarginal abactinal-lateral edge round; plate in cross-section is mound-like. Superomarginal surface with 1–35 widely spaced coarse granules, mostly 20–25 on superomarginal plate surface, in addition to 1–3 clam-shell pedicellariae, identical to those on the abactinal surface. Granule and pedicellariae abundance greatest interradially, decreasing from 35 proximally to a single or absent granule or near arm tip. Inferomarginal plates with identical
<typeStatus id="549A9A96DD77FFA2FE87FAD1FE1C8829" box="[350,403,1331,1352]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">types</typeStatus>
of granules and pedicellariae but in greater numbers (up to 50), decreasing to none on inferomarginal adjacent to arm tip. Inferomarginal pedicellariae, 1–8, greatest number interradially. Approximately half positioned at upper end of inferomarginal plate, other half on inferomarginal plate surface adjacent to actinal plate contact. Distalmost superomarginal plates abutted, with no granules, pedicellariae on surface. Terminal plates triangular to conical in shape.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD77FFA2FF6BF9F8FE5C8BBF" blockId="14.[138,773,229,1903]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Actinal region large with six or seven full series in chevron formation, with remainder adjacent to inferomarginal plates in irregular formation. Individual plates quadrate to irregular in shape. Each actinal plate with a peripheral ring of 10–30 (mostly 20–25) widely spaced angular, quadrate granules. A large clam shell-shaped pedicellaria with multiple valves is present at the centre of nearly all actinal plates.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD77FFA2FF68F904FC798C11" blockId="14.[138,773,229,1903]" lastBlockId="14.[808,1441,229,574]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Furrow spines 6–8, decreasing in number proximally to distally. Spines are pointed, with jagged tips, angular to triangular in cross-section, arranged in concave arc. Subambulacrals three, with jagged, broad tips, each approximately twice as thick as the adjacent furrow spine. Each adambulacral plate has a large clam-like pedicellaria similar to those on the abactinal surface, with four jagged, well-spaced teeth on each valve. Further subambulacral spination/granules on adambulacral plate similar in shape and size to granules on actinal plate surface.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD77FFA2FC96FE9AFBEA8F5C" blockId="14.[808,1441,229,574]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Oral plates with 10–15 furrow spines in straight series, each with jagged, denticulate tips, quadrate in cross-section, each triangular to quadrate in cross-section, similar to those on adambulacral furrow spines. Granules, 10, paired, molar-shaped, along either side of the diastema between the paired oral plates. Irregular array of flattened quadrate, angular granules present on oral plate and adjacent areas.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E2434DD77FFA2FCF0FDB1FAAF8FD7" blockId="14.[809,1441,595,694]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B955F826DD77FFA2FCF0FDB1FC6D8F07" box="[809,994,595,614]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B492E69DD77FFA2FC29FDB1FAAF8FD7" collectingDate="2022-12-08" collectionCode="WAM, CSIRO, RV, R" collectorName="W. Lakeside" elevation="794" latitude="-22.00276" location="Western Australia" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="113.73333" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="Z110163" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B955F826DD77FFA2FC29FDB1FBC18F07" bold="true" box="[1008,1102,595,614]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<typeStatus id="549A9A96DD77FFA2FC29FDB1FBC58F07" box="[1008,1098,595,614]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED30BCF1DD77FFA2FB84FDB1FB1A8F07" box="[1117,1173,595,614]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB878C4FDD77FFA2FB7DFDB1FB7F8F07" box="[1188,1264,595,614]" collectionCode="WAM" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">Z110163</specimenCode>
(
<collectionCode id="ED30BCF1DD77FFA2FADFFDB1FAC68F07" box="[1286,1353,595,614]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">CSIRO</collectionCode>
barcode 10055627), Site 30 Gascoyne Marine Park,
<quantity id="4CD989D1DD77FFA2FB03FD8CFA978FE0" box="[1242,1304,622,641]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="km" value="19.0">19 km</quantity>
<collectorName id="26D441E2DD77FFA2FAFCFD8CFA128FE0" box="[1317,1437,622,641]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">W. Lakeside</collectorName>
,
<collectingRegion id="49E5EAD6DD77FFA2FCF0FD6BFC588FFA" box="[809,983,648,668]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
.
<geoCoordinate id="EE1542F3DD77FFA2FC3DFD6AFBD68FFA" box="[996,1113,648,667]" degrees="22.00276" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="1" value="-22.00276">22.00276° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1542F3DD77FFA2FBB0FD6AFB7D8FFD" box="[1129,1266,648,668]" degrees="113.733333" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="1" value="113.73333">113.733333° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CD989D1DD77FFA2FAD9FD6AFACF8FFD" box="[1280,1344,648,668]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.94" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="794.0">
<elevation id="000CC307DD77FFA2FAD9FD6AFACF8FFD" box="[1280,1344,648,668]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.94" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="794.0">794 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, coll.
<collectionCode id="ED30BCF1DD77FFA2FA5BFD6BFA2F8FFD" box="[1410,1440,649,668]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">RV</collectionCode>
<taxonomicName id="4C215FB7DD77FFA2FCF0FD46FC1A8FD7" box="[809,917,676,694]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Nemichthyidae" genus="Investigator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955F826DD77FFA2FCF0FD46FC1A8FD7" box="[809,917,676,694]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Investigator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FF9F02F4DD77FFA2FC78FD41FB9E8FD7" box="[929,1041,675,694]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2022-12-08">
<collectingDate id="EFDBFB1CDD77FFA2FC78FD41FB9E8FD7" box="[929,1041,675,694]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2022-12-08">8 Dec. 2022</collectingDate>
</date>
. 1 wet spec,
<collectionCode id="ED30BCF1DD77FFA2FB5AFD41FB1D8FD7" box="[1155,1170,675,694]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">R</collectionCode>
=13.2 r=
<quantity id="4CD989D1DD77FFA2FB05FD41FA938FD7" box="[1244,1308,675,694]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="cm" value="4.3">4.3 cm</quantity>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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