308 lines
28 KiB
XML
308 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2ef918a8-b165-4acd-9b8d-681a8be3179c" ID-PMC="PMC7732820" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-169-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4C3FED0F8EE9579F9DAF15D7FBD5E167" ID-PubMed="33354138" ModsDocID="1314-2003-169-1" checkinTime="1607107116814" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pellegrini, Marco O. O., Hickman, Ellen J., Guttierrez, Jorge E., Smith, Rhian J. & Hopper, Stephen D." docDate="2020" docId="ABC083C7208854A5BE8DEDEAC80E69E0" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 169: 1-59" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 169" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996" docTitle="Schiekia orinocensis Meisn., Pl. Vasc. Gen. 2 (12): 300. 1842" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="4C3FED0F8EE9579F9DAF15D7FBD5E167" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="4C3FED0F8EE9579F9DAF15D7FBD5E167" masterDocTitle="Revisiting the taxonomy of the Neotropical Haemodoraceae (Commelinales)" masterLastPageNumber="59" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668140162299" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Revisiting the taxonomy of the Neotropical Haemodoraceae (Commelinales)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Pellegrini, Marco O. O.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Botanica, Rua do Matao 277, CEP 05508 - 900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8783-1362</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">marcooctavio.pellegrini@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Hickman, Ellen J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>University of Western Australia, Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management and School of Biological Sciences, Albany, Western Australia 6330, Australia</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Guttierrez, Jorge E.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Jardin Botanico Nacional, Universidad de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Smith, Rhian J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Green, Richmond, Surrey TW 9 3 AB, UK</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Hopper, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>University of Western Australia, Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management and School of Biological Sciences, Albany, Western Australia 6330, Australia</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>169</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>59</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-169-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">4C3FED0F8EE9579F9DAF15D7FBD5E167</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="170677887" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ABC083C7208854A5BE8DEDEAC80E69E0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ABC083C7208854A5BE8DEDEAC80E69E0" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
4.1.
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="ABC083C7-2088-54A5-BE8D-EDEAC80E69E0" authority="(Kunth) Meisn., Pl. Vasc. Gen. 2 (12): 300. 1842." class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Schiekia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schiekia orinocensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orinocensis">Schiekia orinocensis (Kunth) Meisn., Pl. Vasc. Gen. 2(12): 300. 1842.</taxonomicName>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Schiekia orinocensis (Kunth) Meisn A habitat B habit, showing an inflorescence from this flowering season and an old one from the previous year bearing dehisced capsules C root D leaf blade E inflorescence F, G flower: F side view of a flower showing the nectar drop (arrow) in the perianth aperture G frontal view of a flower H-L perianth segments: H upper perianth tepals showing their connate bases and the nectar guides I lower lateral tepal J side view of the lower lateral tepal showing the glandular pubescence K staminode-like projection L lower medial tepal M flower with perianth removed, showing the androecium and gynoecium. N, dehisced capsules. All photos by E. J. Hickman." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481939" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1816" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Wachendorfia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Wachendorfia orinocensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orinocensis">Wachendorfia orinocensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1(3): 319. 1816. Lectotype (designated here). Venezuela. Isla de Pararuma, in humidis, in ripa Orinoco propter confluentem Sinaruci et in insula Pararuma, fl., fr., May, F.W.H.A. Humboldt & A.J.A. Bonpland 843 (P barcode P00669614!; isolectotype: P barcode P00669615!).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Willd ex Link" authorityYear="1820" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Xiphidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xiphidium angustifolium" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolium">Xiphidium angustifolium</taxonomicName>
|
||
Willd. ex Link, Jahrb.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gewächsk">Gewaechsk</normalizedToken>
|
||
. 1(3): 73. 1820, nom. superfl., Syn nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Klotzsch & M. R. Schomburgk" authorityYear="1849" baseAuthorityName="Kunth" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Troschelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Troschelia orinocensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orinocensis">Troschelia orinocensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Kunth) Klotzsch & M.R.Schomb., Reis. Br.-Guiana 1066, 1120. 1849.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maury" authorityYear="1889" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Schiekia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schiekia flavescens" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavescens">Schiekia flavescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
Maury, J. Bot. (Morot) 3: 269. 1889. Lectotype (designated here). Venezuela. Upper
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Orinoco, Atures, Salvajito, fl., 3 Apr 1887, M. Gaillard 52 (P barcode P06891121!, pro parte, the two specimens on the sides).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maury" authorityYear="1889" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Schiekia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schiekia congesta" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="congesta">Schiekia congesta</taxonomicName>
|
||
Maury, J. Bot. (Morot) 3: 269, f. 12. 1889, nom. nud.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maguire & Wurdack" authorityYear="1957" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Schiekia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schiekia orinocensis subsp. savannarum" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="orinocensis" subSpecies="savannarum">Schiekia orinocensis subsp. savannarum</taxonomicName>
|
||
Maguire & Wurdack, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 9(3): 320. 1957. Holotype. Venezuela. Amazonas: Cerro Yapacana,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Orinoco, in savannah no. 1, northwest base of the mountain, fl., fr., 31 Dec 1950, B. Maguire et al. 30496 (NY barcode 00214486!; isotypes: F barcode V0045884F!, K barcode K000574294!).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclatural notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nomenclatural notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
When describing
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1816" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Wachendorfia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Wachendorfia orinocensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wachendorfia orinocensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kunth, CS" journalOrPublisher="Librairie Grcque-Latine-Allemande, Paris, France" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B22" refString="Kunth, CS, 1816. Nova Genera et Species Plantarum, ed. 4, Vol. 1, part 3. Librairie Grcque-Latine-Allemande, Paris, France" title="Nova Genera et Species Plantarum, ed. 4, Vol. 1, part 3." year="1816">Kunth (1816)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentions a collection made on Isla de Pararuma,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Orinoco, but makes no reference to the collector, collection number, or herbarium. During a visit to P herbarium, we came across two specimens in which the labels matched the locality in the protologue and also had a label indicating it had been part of the Bonpland & Humboldt herbarium. The specimen P00669614 is clearly what the majority of the original illustration was based upon, while P00669615 was only used to illustrate the fruits. Thus, since the specimen P00669614 possesses well-preserved leaves and stems, floral buds, and mature flowers, it is here designated as the lectotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481939" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Schiekia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schiekia orinocensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schiekia orinocensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Kunth) Meisn
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
habitat
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
habit, showing an inflorescence from this flowering season and an old one from the previous year bearing dehisced capsules
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
root
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
leaf blade
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
inflorescence
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F, G</emphasis>
|
||
flower:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
side view of a flower showing the nectar drop (arrow) in the perianth aperture
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||
frontal view of a flower
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H-L</emphasis>
|
||
perianth segments:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||
upper perianth tepals showing their connate bases and the nectar guides
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
||
lower lateral tepal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
|
||
side view of the lower lateral tepal showing the glandular pubescence
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
|
||
staminode-like projection
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
|
||
lower medial tepal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M</emphasis>
|
||
flower with perianth removed, showing the androecium and gynoecium.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
|
||
, dehisced capsules. All photos by E.J. Hickman.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
When describing
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maury" authorityYear="1889" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Schiekia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schiekia flavescens" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schiekia flavescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Maury, PJB" journalOrPublisher="Journal de Botanique (Morot)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="266 - 273" refId="B31" refString="Maury, PJB, 1889. Enumeration des plantes du Haut-Orenoque. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 3: 266 - 273" title="Enumeration des plantes du Haut-Orenoque." volume="3" year="1889">Maury (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentions two collections,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gaillard 52</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chaffanjon 185</emphasis>
|
||
. During a visit to P, we were unable to locate the collection
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chaffanjon 185</emphasis>
|
||
but managed to find
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gaillard 52</emphasis>
|
||
. The latter was cited by Maury as a mixed gathering, with two specimens of his
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. flavescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="flavescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. flavescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a central specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. orinocensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. orinocensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, we designate the two lateral specimens (right and left) as comprising the lectotype for
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. flavescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="flavescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. flavescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Schiekia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schiekia orinocensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schiekia orinocensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in its current circumscription, is a far more geographically-restricted taxon than traditionally accepted. It is known to occur in Colombia, Guyana, Venezuela, and Brazil (States of Amazonas,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and Roraima) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Distribution of Schiekia orinocensis (Kunth) Meisn. Beige - Temperate Coniferous Forests and Boreal Forests; Yellow - Temperate Grasslands, Savannahs and Shrublands; Pink - Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests; Light Green - Subtropical Coniferous Forests; Red - Deserts, Xeric Shrublands and Tropical Coniferous Forests; Orange - Tropical / Subtropical Grasslands, Savannahs and Shrublands; Maroon - Dry Broadleaf Forests; Green - Moist Broadleaf Forests; Lilac - Montane Grasslands and Shrublands." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481940" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14</figureCitation>
|
||
), in tepuis and other montane formations in the Guyana Shield, in seasonally-flooded environments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481940" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Schiekia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schiekia orinocensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schiekia orinocensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Kunth) Meisn. Beige - Temperate Coniferous Forests and Boreal Forests; Yellow - Temperate Grasslands, Savannahs and Shrublands; Pink - Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests; Light Green - Subtropical Coniferous Forests; Red - Deserts, Xeric Shrublands and Tropical Coniferous Forests; Orange - Tropical/Subtropical Grasslands, Savannahs and Shrublands; Maroon - Dry Broadleaf Forests; Green - Moist Broadleaf Forests; Lilac - Montane Grasslands and Shrublands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">It was found in flower and fruit from June to October, during the dry season.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Schiekia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schiekia orinocensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schiekia orinocensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses a wide EOO (1,193,173 km2) but a relatively narrow AOO (ca. 224 km2). This narrow AOO might be related to the relatively reduced number of collections, especially when compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. timida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="timida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. timida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The relatively small number of specimens might be due to the difficulty of reaching and collecting in tepuis and other mountainous formations in the Amazon Region. Nonetheless, field observations by one of us (EJH) indicate that
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. orinocensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. orinocensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forms considerably smaller and more restricted subpopulations than
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. timida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="timida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. timida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which might indicate it is ecologically more specific in its requirements. Thus, following
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" refId="B21" refString="IUCN, 2001. The IUCN Red List Of Threatened Species, version 2010.4. IUCN Red List Unit, Cambridge U.K. http://www.iucnredlist.org/" title="The IUCN Red List Of Threatened Species, version 2010.4. IUCN Red List Unit, Cambridge U. K." url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" year="2001">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="IUCN’s">IUCN's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recommendations,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. orinocensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. orinocensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be considered as Vulnerable [VU, A2ab+C2a(i)].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Schiekia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schiekia" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schiekia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has consistently been treated as a monospecific genus until the present study, given that
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. flavescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="flavescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. flavescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been considered a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. orinocensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. orinocensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
since very early days. Nonetheless, previous studies, such as
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Maguire, B" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="235 - 392" refId="B29" refString="Maguire, B, Wurdack, JJ, 1957. The Botany of the Guayana Highland- Part II. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 9 (3): 235 - 392" title="The Botany of the Guayana Highland- Part II." volume="9" year="1957">Maguire and Wurdack (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Maas, PJM" journalOrPublisher="Neotropica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 44" refId="B27" refString="Maas, PJM, Maas-van de Kamer, H, 1993. Haemodoraceae. Fl. Neotropica 61: 1 - 44" title="Haemodoraceae. Fl." volume="61" year="1993">Maas and Maas-van de Kamer (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, have treated the polymorphism observed in herbarium specimens by recognising different subspecies. Both previous attempts to divide
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. orinocensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. orinocensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were almost entirely based on vegetative morphology (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Maguire, B" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="235 - 392" refId="B29" refString="Maguire, B, Wurdack, JJ, 1957. The Botany of the Guayana Highland- Part II. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 9 (3): 235 - 392" title="The Botany of the Guayana Highland- Part II." volume="9" year="1957">Maguire and Wurdack 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Maas, PJM" journalOrPublisher="Neotropica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 44" refId="B27" refString="Maas, PJM, Maas-van de Kamer, H, 1993. Haemodoraceae. Fl. Neotropica 61: 1 - 44" title="Haemodoraceae. Fl." volume="61" year="1993">Maas and Maas-van de Kamer 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with the second one also relying on the proportion between the leaves and the inflorescences (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Maas, PJM" journalOrPublisher="Neotropica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 44" refId="B27" refString="Maas, PJM, Maas-van de Kamer, H, 1993. Haemodoraceae. Fl. Neotropica 61: 1 - 44" title="Haemodoraceae. Fl." volume="61" year="1993">Maas and Maas-van de Kamer 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The observed variation in plant stature and leaf length and width, which was used by previous authors to recognise subspecies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Maguire, B" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="235 - 392" refId="B29" refString="Maguire, B, Wurdack, JJ, 1957. The Botany of the Guayana Highland- Part II. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 9 (3): 235 - 392" title="The Botany of the Guayana Highland- Part II." volume="9" year="1957">Maguire and Wurdack 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Maas, PJM" journalOrPublisher="Neotropica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 44" refId="B27" refString="Maas, PJM, Maas-van de Kamer, H, 1993. Haemodoraceae. Fl. Neotropica 61: 1 - 44" title="Haemodoraceae. Fl." volume="61" year="1993">Maas and Maas-van de Kamer 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), seems to be environmental and, thus, is here disregarded as taxonomically relevant. Our present treatment is based on extensive field and herbarium studies. It suggests that three species can be recognised based on ecological preferences, rhizome morphology, leaf morphology, tepal arrangement and colouration, the width of the filiform staminode-like projections, capsules morphology and colouration, and seed ornamentation.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Schiekia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schiekia orinocensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schiekia orinocensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
s.str. is morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. timida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="timida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. timida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to its rhizome morphology, leaf arrangement and consistency, inflorescence architecture, upright to patent flowers, inflated medial filament, and tuberculate seeds.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Schiekia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schiekia orinocensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schiekia orinocensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
s.str. can be differentiated by its leaves with inconspicuous veins (vs. conspicuously veined in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. timida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="timida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. timida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), chasmogamous and bilabiate flowers (vs. cleistogamous and narrowly tubular), pedicels gibbose at the apex (vs. not gibbous), tepals with apex reflexed and apricot to cream (vs. straight and light to medium green), upper tepals with three dark orange to orange-brown nectar guides (vs. lacking nectar guides), staminode-like projections fusiform and almost as long as its subtending tepal (vs. filiform and 1/3 the length of its subtending tepals) and capsules broader than long (vs. slightly longer than broad or as broad as long).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Schiekia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schiekia orinocensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schiekia orinocensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
s.str. and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. silvestris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="silvestris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. silvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
share the chasmogamous flowers and upper tepals with nectar guides, thick and fusiform staminode-like projections and capsules slightly longer than broad or as broad as long. Nonetheless, they can be easily differentiated based on vegetative morphology, flower orientation, inflation of the medial filament, capsule colouration, and seed ornamentation (see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |