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<document id="7FB391EEE066FF0CCE9CC43AEAC374BB" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5740445" ID-ISSN="0374-1036" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5740445" ID-ZooBank="AD448A68-7BAF-4133-A2A8-887DDD259756D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1638255997808" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Marino, Pablo I., Cazorla, Carla G., Ronderos, María M., Unlp, Cepave, Conicet &amp; Conicet" docDate="2013" docId="9E637927FFD9FFEEFE7BFAB1708C4492" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2013.53.2.777-792.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E9BE312A6EDF9B84FC5211AAA80D80BF.10:ActaEntMusNatPra.2005-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="E9BE312A6EDF9B84FC5211AAA80D80BF" docStyleName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2005-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="10" docTitle="Culicoides bambusicola Lutz 1913" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="784" masterDocId="625A015FFFD8FFE9FFECFFC670654001" masterDocTitle="Study of the immature stages of two species of the biting midge genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="792" masterPageNumber="777" pageNumber="778" updateTime="1699435869439" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="3062EFD67C8D6B7F303FF5BE50A3FB0B">Study of the immature stages of two species of the biting midge genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7F573F0583002BE97AC0B3FE4E72E490">Marino, Pablo I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6A58C7E3E08D7F62CA38B5910106ECEB">Cazorla, Carla G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="56618976751AC1B222B7E3648ECDF1EF">División Entomología, Museo de La Plata, UNLP, Paseo del Bosque s / n, B 1900 WA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; e-mail: pmarino @ fcnym. unlp. edu. ar; carlacazorla @ fcnym. unlp. edu. ar &amp; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="48204F9FB39455F3D2733D78A5FF4789">Ronderos, María M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4C859CE31FA70AC5C43B450AD467BB01">División Entomología, Museo de La Plata, UNLP, Paseo del Bosque s / n, B 1900 WA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; e-mail: pmarino @ fcnym. unlp. edu. ar; carlacazorla @ fcnym. unlp. edu. ar &amp; CEPAVE, CONICET, 2 nº 584, B 1902 CHX, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; e-mail: ronderos @ fcnym. unlp. edu. ar</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DB8E31F6318F2F142D079B663B0200C9">Unlp</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0D8744E03E75A1BE4342C83D31D03DC4">CEPAVE, CONICET, 2 nº 584, B 1902 CHX, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; e-mail: ronderos @ fcnym. unlp. edu. ar</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="08EA9CE1BAC253D9E58DBEA6F4A0CA06">2013</mods:date>
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<heading id="4D3D7F5DFFD9FFE8FE7BFAB1737E4591" bold="true" box="[407,795,1399,1424]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="778" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="D1CAB3B2FFD9FFE8FE7BFAB1737E4591" ID-CoL="8BP4N" authority="Lutz, 1913" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1913" box="[407,795,1399,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="778" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bambusicola">
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<emphasis id="24BE1423FFD9FFE8FE7BFAB172F94591" bold="true" box="[407,668,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="778">Culicoides bambusicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="725BB5C0FFD9FFE8FD4FFABE737E4591" author="LUTZ A." box="[675,795,1400,1424]" pageId="1" pageNumber="778" pagination="45 - 73" refId="ref7686" refString="LUTZ A. 1913: Contribuicao para o estudo das Ceratopogoninas hematofagas do Brazil. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 5: 45 - 73." type="journal article" year="1913">Lutz, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="1675C831FFD9FFE8FDCBFA5072EE45A8" blockId="1.[113,1090,1430,1591]" box="[551,651,1430,1449]" pageId="1" pageNumber="778">
(
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFD9FFE8FDC1FA5072E645A8" box="[557,643,1430,1449]" captionStart-0="Figs 1–4" captionStart-1="Figs 5–8" captionStart-2="Figs 9–12" captionStart-3="Figs 13–16" captionStartId-0="2.[151,188,1440,1459]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,188,1077,1096]" captionStartId-2="5.[113,150,1273,1292]" captionStartId-3="6.[151,188,1409,1428]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1126,219,1408]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1126,219,1060]" captionTargetBox-2="[186,1016,229,1248]" captionTargetBox-3="[268,1033,231,1364]" captionTargetId-0="figure-10@2.[151,1126,219,1410]" captionTargetId-1="figure-10@4.[151,1126,219,1060]" captionTargetId-2="figure-103@5.[186,1017,219,1249]" captionTargetId-3="figure-10@6.[233,1044,220,1386]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionText-0="Figs 1–4. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, larva: 1 – head capsule, ventral view; 2 – head capsule, anteroventral view; 3 – mouthparts (messors and scopae); 4 – head capsule, detail of lateral view of mouthparts (mandible and maxilla) (from RONDEROS &amp; SPINELLI 2000). Abbreviations: AN – antennae; CO – collar; HY – hypostoma; LC1 – lacinial sclerite 1; LB – labrum; MD – mandible; MX – maxilla; MP – maxillary palpus; MS – messors; SC – scopae; PL – palatum; ss – sensilla styloconica; st – sensilla trichoidea. Head capsule chaetotaxy: n – anterolateral pit; o – parahypostomal setae; s – anterior perifrontal setae; v – posterolateral setae; w – anterolateral setae; y – ventral setae." captionText-1="Figs 5–8. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, male pupa: 5 – cephalothoracic sensilla and respiratory organ; 6 – respiratory organ; 7 – anterolateral sensilla; 8 – clypeal/labral sensillum and ocular sensilla. Scale bars: 0.05 mm.Abbreviations: AL-1-T, AL-2-T, AL-3-T – anterolateral sensilla; AM-1-T – anteromedial sensillum; CL-1-H – clypeal/labral sensillum; DL-1-H, DL-2-H – dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla; O-1-H, O-2-H, O-3-H – ocular sensilla; P – pedicel; p – pore; RO – respiratory organ." captionText-2="Figs 9–12. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913. 9–10 – male pupa; 11–12 – female pupa; 9, 11 – dorsal apotome; 10, 12 – ninth segment, ventral view.Scale bars: 0.05 mm.Abbreviations: DA-1-H, DA-2-H – dorsal apotomal sensilla; GL – genital lobe; TP – terminal process; D-5-IX, D-6-IX – campaniform sensilla of terminal process." captionText-3="Figs 13–16. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, male pupa: 13 – cephalothoracic sensilla and respiratory organ; 14 – dorsal setae; 15 – first abdominal segment chaetotaxy; 16 – fourth abdominal segment chaetotaxy.Scale bars: 0.05 mm.Abbreviations: AL-1-T, AL-2-T, AL-3-T – anterolateral sensilla; AM-1-T – anteromedial sensillum; DL-1-H, DL-2-H – dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla; p – pores; RO – respiratory organ; D-1-T, D-2-T, D-3-T, D-4-T, D-5-T – dorsals; SA-2-T – supraalar; D-2-I, D-3-I, D-4-I, D-7-I, D-8-I, D-9-I – dorsal sensilla of first abdominal segment; L-1-I, L-2-I, L-3-I – lateral sensilla of first abdominal segment; D-2-IV, D-3-IV, D-4-IV, D-5-IV, D-7-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV – dorsal sensilla of fourth abdominal segment; L-1-IV, L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV – lateral sensilla of fourth abdominal segment; V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV – ventral sensilla of fourth abdominal segment." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740447" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740449" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740451" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740453" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5740447/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5740449/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5740451/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5740453/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="778">Figs 1–16</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="36DAEF1FFFD9FFE8FF9DFA7C742745CD" box="[113,1090,1465,1484]" pageId="1" pageNumber="778">
<treatmentCitation id="976BEE20FFD9FFE8FF9DFA7C71A445CD" author="LUTZ A." box="[113,449,1465,1484]" page="62" pageId="1" pageNumber="778" year="1913">
<taxonomicName id="D1CAB3B2FFD9FFE8FF9DFA7C71A445CD" ID-CoL="8BP4N" authority="Lutz, 1913: 62" authorityName="Lutz" authorityPageNumber="62" authorityYear="1913" box="[113,449,1465,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="778" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bambusicola">
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFD9FFE8FF9DFA7C715A45CD" box="[113,319,1466,1484]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="778">Culicoides bambusicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="725BB5C0FFD9FFE8FEA8FA7F71A445CD" author="LUTZ A." box="[324,449,1465,1484]" pageId="1" pageNumber="778" pagination="45 - 73" refId="ref7686" refString="LUTZ A. 1913: Contribuicao para o estudo das Ceratopogoninas hematofagas do Brazil. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 5: 45 - 73." type="journal article" year="1913">Lutz, 1913: 62</bibRefCitation>
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(female, larva;
<collectingCountry id="6EDD88A1FFD9FFE8FDA5FA7F72E445CD" box="[585,641,1465,1484]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="778">Brazil</collectingCountry>
);
<treatmentCitation id="976BEE20FFD9FFE8FD7CFA7F733845CD" author="COSTA LIMA A." box="[656,861,1465,1484]" page="412" pageId="1" pageNumber="778" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation id="725BB5C0FFD9FFE8FD7CFA7F733845CD" author="COSTA LIMA A." box="[656,861,1465,1484]" pageId="1" pageNumber="778" pagination="411 - 422" refId="ref7040" refString="COSTA LIMA A. 1937: Chave das especies de Culicoides da regiao neotropical (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 32: 411 - 422." type="journal article" year="1937">COSTA LIMA (1937: 412)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in key);
<bibRefCitation id="725BB5C0FFD9FFE8FC5DFA7F742745CD" author="BARRETTO M. P." box="[945,1090,1465,1484]" pageId="1" pageNumber="778" pagination="89 - 105" refId="ref6619" refString="BARRETTO M. P. 1944: Sobre o genero Culicoides Latreille, 1809, com a descricao de tres novas especies (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Annais da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo 20: 89 - 105." type="journal article" year="1944">BARRETTO (1944:</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1675C831FFD9FFE8FF7CFA15742445E7" blockId="1.[113,1090,1430,1591]" box="[144,1089,1491,1511]" pageId="1" pageNumber="778">
95) (male;
<collectingCountry id="6EDD88A1FFD9FFE8FF06FA15714745E7" box="[234,290,1491,1510]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="778">Brazil</collectingCountry>
);
<bibRefCitation id="725BB5C0FFD9FFE8FEC3FA1271A745E7" author="LANE J." box="[303,450,1491,1511]" pageId="1" pageNumber="778" pagination="159 - 170" refId="ref7599" refString="LANE J. 1947: A biologia e taxonomia de algumas especies dos grupos Forcipomyia e Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) (Heleidae). Arquivos da Faculdade de Higiene e Saude Publica da Universidade de Sao Paulo 1: 159 - 170." type="journal article" year="1947">LANE (1947: 166)</bibRefCitation>
(pupa, redescr.larva;
<collectingCountry id="6EDD88A1FFD9FFE8FD96FA1572D745E7" box="[634,690,1491,1510]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="778">Brazil</collectingCountry>
);
<bibRefCitation id="725BB5C0FFD9FFE8FD53FA12730045E7" author="BARBOSA F. A. S." box="[703,869,1491,1511]" pageId="1" pageNumber="778" refId="ref6582" refString="BARBOSA F. A. S. 1952: Novos subsidios para o conhecimento dos Culicoides neotropicos (Diptera: Heleidae). Thesis, Universidade do Recife, Imprensa Industrial, Recife, 21 pp." type="book" year="1952">BARBOSA (1952: 11)</bibRefCitation>
(Figs larva, pupa;
<collectingCountry id="6EDD88A1FFD9FFE8FBECFA15745D45E7" box="[1024,1080,1491,1510]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="778">Brazil</collectingCountry>
);
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5ED09BBAFFD9FFEAFF7CFA2872794125" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="780" pageId="1" pageNumber="778" type="description">
<paragraph id="1675C831FFD9FFE8FF7CFA2874274600" blockId="1.[113,1090,1430,1591]" box="[144,1090,1518,1537]" pageId="1" pageNumber="778">
<bibRefCitation id="725BB5C0FFD9FFE8FF7CFA2871224600" author="FORATTINI O. P." box="[144,327,1518,1537]" pageId="1" pageNumber="778" pagination="159 - 526" refId="ref7358" refString="FORATTINI O. P. 1957: Culicoides da regiao Neotropical (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Arquivos da Faculdade de Higiene e Saude Publica da Universidade de Sao Paulo 11: 159 - 526." type="journal article" year="1957">FORATTINI (1957: 321)</bibRefCitation>
(redescr. adult, pupa, larva; syn.:
<taxonomicName id="D1CAB3B2FFD9FFE8FD8FFA2972D14600" authorityName="Barbosa" authorityYear="1947" box="[611,692,1519,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="778" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bahiensis">
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFD9FFE8FD8FFA2972D14600" box="[611,692,1519,1537]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="778">bahiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<typeStatus id="C9717693FFD9FFE8FD51FA2872874600" box="[701,738,1518,1537]" pageId="1" pageNumber="778">type</typeStatus>
locality stated; distr.); WIRTH et al. (1988:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1675C831FFD9FFE8FF7CF9CF7425461D" blockId="1.[113,1090,1430,1591]" box="[144,1088,1545,1564]" pageId="1" pageNumber="778">
54) (Neotropical atlas, wing);
<bibRefCitation id="725BB5C0FFD9FFE8FE7EF9CF72EB461D" author="BORKENT A. &amp; WIRTH W. W." box="[402,654,1545,1564]" pageId="1" pageNumber="778" pagination="1 - 257" refId="ref6968" refString="BORKENT A. &amp; WIRTH W. W. 1997: World species of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 233: 1 - 257." type="journal article" year="1997">BORKENT &amp; WIRTH (1997: 62)</bibRefCitation>
(world catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="725BB5C0FFD9FFE8FCCEF9CF7425461D" author="RONDEROS M. M. &amp; SPINELLI G. R." box="[802,1088,1545,1564]" pageId="1" pageNumber="778" pagination="133 - 144" refId="ref7964" refString="RONDEROS M. M. &amp; SPINELLI G. R. 2000: The larva and pupa of Culicoides bambusicola Lutz observed with SEM, and additional notes on adult (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 126: 133 - 144." type="journal article" year="2000">RONDEROS &amp; SPINELLI (2000: 134)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1675C831FFD9FFE8FF7CF9E574244637" blockId="1.[113,1090,1430,1591]" box="[144,1089,1571,1591]" pageId="1" pageNumber="778">
(redescr. larva, pupa,
<collectingCountry id="6EDD88A1FFD9FFE8FEAAF9E571FA4637" box="[326,415,1571,1590]" name="Argentina" pageId="1" pageNumber="778">Argentina</collectingCountry>
);
<bibRefCitation id="725BB5C0FFD9FFE8FE41F9E272D34637" author="BORKENT A. &amp; SPINELLI G. R." box="[429,694,1571,1591]" pageId="1" pageNumber="778" pagination="1 - 107" refId="ref6856" refString="BORKENT A. &amp; SPINELLI G. R. 2000: Catalog of the New World biting midges south of the United States of America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions on Entomology, International 4: 1 - 107." type="journal article" year="2000">BORKENT &amp; SPINELLI (2000: 29)</bibRefCitation>
(catalog, species south of
<collectingCountry id="6EDD88A1FFD9FFE8FC75F9E573A24637" box="[921,967,1571,1590]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="778">USA</collectingCountry>
); RONDEROS &amp;
</paragraph>
<caption id="42B598B9FFDAFFEBFF7BFA66714C4655" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740447" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5740447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740447/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="779" startId="2.[151,188,1440,1459]" targetBox="[151,1126,219,1408]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="1675C831FFDAFFEBFF7BFA66714C4655" blockId="2.[151,1127,1440,1620]" pageId="2" pageNumber="779">
Figs 1–4.
<taxonomicName id="D1CAB3B2FFDAFFEBFF06FA67727F45B2" authority="Lutz, 1913" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1913" box="[234,538,1440,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bambusicola">
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDAFFEBFF06FA6771D245B2" box="[234,439,1441,1459]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="779">Culicoides bambusicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="725BB5C0FFDAFFEBFE50FA67727F45B2" author="LUTZ A." box="[444,538,1440,1460]" pageId="2" pageNumber="779" pagination="45 - 73" refId="ref7686" refString="LUTZ A. 1913: Contribuicao para o estudo das Ceratopogoninas hematofagas do Brazil. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 5: 45 - 73." type="journal article" year="1913">Lutz, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, larva: 1 – head capsule, ventral view; 2 – head capsule, anteroventral view; 3 – mouthparts (messors and scopae); 4 – head capsule, detail of lateral view of mouthparts (mandible and maxilla) (from
<bibRefCitation id="725BB5C0FFDAFFEBFEF0FA10726345E8" author="RONDEROS M. M. &amp; SPINELLI G. R." box="[284,518,1494,1513]" pageId="2" pageNumber="779" pagination="133 - 144" refId="ref7964" refString="RONDEROS M. M. &amp; SPINELLI G. R. 2000: The larva and pupa of Culicoides bambusicola Lutz observed with SEM, and additional notes on adult (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 126: 133 - 144." type="journal article" year="2000">RONDEROS &amp; SPINELLI 2000</bibRefCitation>
). Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDAFFEBFD76FA1372DC45E8" bold="true" box="[666,697,1493,1513]" pageId="2" pageNumber="779">AN</emphasis>
– antennae;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDAFFEBFCC4FA13732D45E8" bold="true" box="[808,840,1493,1513]" pageId="2" pageNumber="779">CO</emphasis>
– collar;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDAFFEBFC71FA1073D845E8" bold="true" box="[925,957,1494,1513]" pageId="2" pageNumber="779">HY</emphasis>
– hypostoma;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDAFFEBFBD2FA13740345E8" bold="true" box="[1086,1126,1493,1513]" pageId="2" pageNumber="779">LC1</emphasis>
– lacinial sclerite 1;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDAFFEBFEA7FA3671024602" bold="true" box="[331,359,1520,1539]" pageId="2" pageNumber="779">LB</emphasis>
– labrum;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDAFFEBFE25FA3671884602" bold="true" box="[457,493,1520,1539]" pageId="2" pageNumber="779">MD</emphasis>
– mandible;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDAFFEBFD8EFA3672E34602" bold="true" box="[610,646,1520,1539]" pageId="2" pageNumber="779">MX</emphasis>
– maxilla;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDAFFEBFD07FA36736E4602" bold="true" box="[747,779,1520,1539]" pageId="2" pageNumber="779">MP</emphasis>
– maxillary palpus;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDAFFEBFC2DFA2973844602" bold="true" box="[961,993,1519,1539]" pageId="2" pageNumber="779">MS</emphasis>
– messors;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDAFFEBFBA7FA2974034602" bold="true" box="[1099,1126,1519,1539]" pageId="2" pageNumber="779">SC</emphasis>
– scopae;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDAFFEBFF02F9CD716D461F" bold="true" box="[238,264,1547,1566]" pageId="2" pageNumber="779">PL</emphasis>
– palatum;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDAFFEBFE83F9CD71E5461F" bold="true" box="[367,384,1547,1566]" pageId="2" pageNumber="779">ss</emphasis>
– sensilla styloconica;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDAFFEBFDA6F9CD723C461F" bold="true" box="[586,601,1547,1566]" pageId="2" pageNumber="779">st</emphasis>
– sensilla trichoidea. Head capsule chaetotaxy:
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDAFFEBFC14F9CD7461461F" bold="true" box="[1016,1028,1547,1566]" pageId="2" pageNumber="779">n</emphasis>
– anterolateral pit;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDAFFEBFF0AF9E070944638" bold="true" box="[230,241,1574,1593]" pageId="2" pageNumber="779">o</emphasis>
– parahypostomal setae;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDAFFEBFE20F9E071B14638" bold="true" box="[460,468,1574,1593]" pageId="2" pageNumber="779">s</emphasis>
– anterior perifrontal setae;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDAFFEBFD27F9E072824638" bold="true" box="[715,743,1574,1593]" pageId="2" pageNumber="779">v –</emphasis>
posterolateral setae;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDAFFEBFC72F9E073DA4638" bold="true" box="[926,959,1574,1593]" pageId="2" pageNumber="779">w –</emphasis>
anterolateral setae;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDAFFEBFF7BF98670C74652" bold="true" box="[151,162,1600,1619]" pageId="2" pageNumber="779">y</emphasis>
– ventral setae.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1675C831FFDBFFEAFF7CFF1A72794125" blockId="3.[113,1089,219,319]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">
SPINELLI (2002: 93) (
<collectingCountry id="6EDD88A1FFDBFFEAFED0FF1D71F740EF" box="[316,402,219,238]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Argentina</collectingCountry>
record);
<bibRefCitation id="725BB5C0FFDBFFEAFE0CFF1A72B040EE" author="RONDEROS M. M. &amp; DIAZ F." box="[480,725,220,239]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" pagination="43 - 48" refId="ref7820" refString="RONDEROS M. M. &amp; DIAZ F. 2002: Rearing Culicoides bambusicola (Lutz, 1913) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in laboratory. Observations and new records. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Paraguay 14 (1 - 2): 43 - 48." type="journal article" year="2002">RONDEROS &amp; DÍAZ (2002: 44)</bibRefCitation>
(rearing;
<collectingCountry id="6EDD88A1FFDBFFEAFCCBFF1D731B40EF" box="[807,894,219,238]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="D40E06D3FFDBFFEAFC6AFF1A739D40EF" box="[902,1016,219,239]" country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
record); SPINELLI et al. (2005: 138, 142) (in key, wing photo;
<collectingCountry id="6EDD88A1FFDBFFEAFDB4FF3072D44108" box="[600,689,246,265]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Argentina</collectingCountry>
);
<bibRefCitation id="725BB5C0FFDBFFEAFD2CFF3173AB4108" author="BORKENT A. &amp; SPINELLI G. R." box="[704,974,246,266]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref6898" refString="BORKENT A. &amp; SPINELLI G. R. 2007: Neotropical Ceratopogonidae (Diptera: Insecta). Pp. 1 - 198. In: ADIS J., ARIAS J. R., RUEDA-DELGADO G. &amp; WANTZEN K. M. (eds.): Aquatic biodiversity in Latin America, Vol. 4. Pensoft, Sofia - Moscow, 198 pp." type="book chapter" year="2007">BORKENT &amp; SPINELLI (2007: 64)</bibRefCitation>
(Neotropical catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="725BB5C0FFDBFFEAFF0CFED771EC4125" author="BORKENT A." box="[224,393,273,292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" refId="ref6776" refString="BORKENT A. 2013: World species of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Last updated: February 20, 2013. Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / CeratopogonidaeCatalog. pdf." type="book" year="2013">BORKENT (2013: 75)</bibRefCitation>
(online catalog).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5ED09BBAFFDBFFEAFF9DFEEA72EE413F" box="[113,651,299,319]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="1675C831FFDBFFEAFF9DFEEA72EE413F" blockId="3.[113,1089,219,319]" box="[113,651,299,319]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="36DAEF1FFFDBFFEAFF9DFEEA72EE413F" box="[113,651,299,319]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">
<treatmentCitation id="976BEE20FFDBFFEAFF9DFEEA71A6413E" author="BARBOSA F. A." box="[113,451,299,319]" page="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" year="1947">
<taxonomicName id="D1CAB3B2FFDBFFEAFF9DFEEA71A6413E" ID-CoL="88GBQ" authority="Barbosa, 1947: 11" authorityName="Barbosa" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1947" box="[113,451,299,319]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bahiensis">
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDBFFEAFF9DFEEA7146413F" box="[113,291,300,318]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Culicoides bahiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="725BB5C0FFDBFFEAFEC4FEED71A6413E" author="BARBOSA F. A." box="[296,451,299,319]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" pagination="3 - 30" refId="ref6552" refString="BARBOSA F. A. 1947: Culicoides (Diptera: Heleide) da regiao neotropica. Annais da Sociedade de Biologia de Pernambuco 7: 3 - 30." type="journal article" year="1947">Barbosa, 1947: 11</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(female, male;
<collectingCountry id="6EDD88A1FFDBFFEAFDA5FEED72E4413F" box="[585,641,299,318]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Brazil</collectingCountry>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5ED09BBAFFDBFFEAFF9DFE92745241EF" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1675C831FFDBFFEAFF9DFE92745241EF" blockId="3.[113,1090,340,495]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDBFFEAFF9DFE9271404169" bold="true" box="[113,293,340,360]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="A6A2C26CFFDBFFEAFEC0FE9372FE4182" collectingDate="2000-06" collectorName="F. Krsticevic" country="Argentina" county="All" location="Puerto Mani" municipality="Corpus" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCounty id="FF14B0BDFFDBFFEAFEC0FE9371224169" box="[300,327,341,360]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">All</collectingCounty>
the specimens were collected as larvae or pupae, reared in laboratory.
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDBFFEAFC5BFE9270AC4182" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">
<collectingCountry id="6EDD88A1FFDBFFEAFC5BFE9274584169" box="[951,1085,340,360]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
: MISIONES:
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="F611524BFFDBFFEAFF22FEB6716B4182" box="[206,270,368,387]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Corpus</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="13159EEAFFDBFFEAFEFAFEB671E64182" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E637927FFD9FFEEFE7BFAB1708C4492:13159EEAFFDBFFEAFEFAFEB671E64182" box="[278,387,368,387]" country="Argentina" county="All" municipality="Corpus" name="Puerto Mani" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Puerto Maní</location>
:
<date id="6274EEF1FFDBFFEAFE67FEB671AB4182" box="[395,462,368,387]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" value="2000-06">
<collectingDate id="72301719FFDBFFEAFE67FEB671AB4182" box="[395,462,368,387]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" value="2000-06">vi.2000</collectingDate>
</date>
, 3 L4,
<collectorName id="BB3FADE7FFDBFFEAFDEBFEB672114182" box="[519,628,368,387]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">F. Krsticevic</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
;
<date id="6274EEF1FFDBFFEAFD4FFEB673654182" box="[675,768,368,387]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" value="1997-09-23">23.ix.1997</date>
, 5 L4, L. Hes leg.;
<date id="6274EEF1FFDBFFEAFC4EFEB6739D4182" box="[930,1016,368,387]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" value="2005-05-17">17.v.2005</date>
, 1 larval exuvia, M. Ronderos leg.;
<date id="6274EEF1FFDBFFEAFEA0FE4D71EF419F" box="[332,394,395,414]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" value="2001-02">ii.2001</date>
, 3JJ ‘ex pupa’,
<specimenCount id="00CC03B8FFDBFFEAFDF6FE4D7252419F" box="[538,567,389,414]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
‘ex pupa’, G.Rossi leg.;
<materialsCitation id="A6A2C26CFFDBFFEAFCE4FE4D723E41D2" collectingDate="1999-06-17" collectingDateMax="2011-11-04" collectingDateMin="1999-06-17" collectionCode="CORRI-, ENTES" collectorName="E. Lestani &amp; F. Krsticevic" country="Argentina" latitude="-27.266666" location="Garape" municipality="Parque Provincial Saltos del Mocona" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-pupa="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="F611524BFFDBFFEAFCE4FE4D745B419F" box="[776,1086,395,414]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Parque Provincial Saltos del Moconá</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73FEAEF6FFDBFFEAFF9DFE6370B641B9" box="[113,211,420,440]" degrees="27" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" precision="15" seconds="60" value="-27.266666">27°15′60″S</geoCoordinate>
53°89′16.5″W,
<date id="6274EEF1FFDBFFEAFEB7FE6371C841B9" box="[347,429,421,440]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" value="2011-11-04">
<collectingDate id="72301719FFDBFFEAFEB7FE6371C841B9" box="[347,429,421,440]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" value="2011-11-04">4.xi.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, 4 JJ ‘ex pupa’, 1 J pupa ‘ex larva’, 1 J pupa, 3 L4,
<collectorName id="BB3FADE7FFDBFFEAFC68FE6073BF41B9" box="[900,986,421,441]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">E. Lestani</collectorName>
leg.
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDBFFEAFBEFFE6270CC41D2" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">
<collectionCode id="70DB50F4FFDBFFEAFBEFFE6270C741D3" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">CORRI- ENTES</collectionCode>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="13159EEAFFDBFFEAFF41FE06708B41D2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E637927FFD9FFEEFE7BFAB1708C4492:13159EEAFFDBFFEAFF41FE06708B41D2" box="[173,238,448,467]" country="Argentina" latitude="-27.266666" municipality="Parque Provincial Saltos del Mocona" name="Garape" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Garapè</location>
:
<date id="6274EEF1FFDBFFEAFF19FE06713441D2" box="[245,337,448,467]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" value="1999-06-17">
<collectingDate id="72301719FFDBFFEAFF19FE06713441D2" box="[245,337,448,467]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" value="1999-06-17">17.vi.1999</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="00CC03B8FFDBFFEAFEB5FE0671F141D2" box="[345,404,448,467]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
, 1 L4,
<collectorName id="BB3FADE7FFDBFFEAFE26FE06725041D2" box="[458,565,448,467]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">F.Krsticevic</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="A6A2C26CFFDBFFEAFD8EFE06745241EF" collectingDate="2001-03-06" collectingDateMax="2010-11-29" collectingDateMin="2001-03-06" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Campos &amp; M. Ronderos" country="Argentina" location="City Bell" municipality="Estacion Biologica" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Corrientes">
<collectingMunicipality id="F611524BFFDBFFEAFD8EFE06736741D2" box="[610,770,448,467]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Estación Biológica</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingRegion id="D40E06D3FFDBFFEAFCEAFE06733A41D2" box="[774,863,448,467]" country="Argentina" name="Corrientes" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Corrientes</collectingRegion>
(EBCo),
<date id="6274EEF1FFDBFFEAFC42FE06746E41D2" box="[942,1035,448,467]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" value="2010-11-29">
<collectingDate id="72301719FFDBFFEAFC42FE06746E41D2" box="[942,1035,448,467]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" value="2010-11-29">29.xi.2010</collectingDate>
</date>
, 2JJ ‘ex pupa’, 2 JJ ‘ex larva’,
<collectionCode id="70DB50F4FFDBFFEAFEB3FE1D711541EF" box="[351,368,475,494]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="BB3FADE7FFDBFFEAFE94FE1D71DB41EF" box="[376,446,475,494]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Campos</collectorName>
leg.
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDBFFEAFE04FE1D720241EF" bold="true" box="[488,615,474,494]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">
<collectingRegion id="D40E06D3FFDBFFEAFE04FE1D720541ED" box="[488,608,474,494]" country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">BUENOS AIRES</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="13159EEAFFDBFFEAFD80FE1D72D941EF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E637927FFD9FFEEFE7BFAB1708C4492:13159EEAFFDBFFEAFD80FE1D72D941EF" box="[620,700,475,494]" country="Argentina" municipality="Estacion Biologica" name="City Bell" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" stateProvince="Corrientes">City Bell</location>
,
<date id="6274EEF1FFDBFFEAFD29FE1D737D41EF" box="[709,792,475,494]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" value="2001-03-06">
<collectingDate id="72301719FFDBFFEAFD29FE1D737D41EF" box="[709,792,475,494]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" value="2001-03-06">6.iii.2001</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="00CC03B8FFDBFFEAFCCDFE1D732441EF" box="[801,833,469,494]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
‘ex pupa’,
<collectorName id="BB3FADE7FFDBFFEAFC4EFE1D747441EF" box="[930,1041,475,494]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">M. Ronderos</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5ED09BBAFFDBFFEEFF9DFDC073664452" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="784" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" type="description">
<paragraph id="1675C831FFDBFFEAFF9DFDC071A244DF" blockId="3.[113,1089,517,1598]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDBFFEAFF9DFDC071B4421F" bold="true" box="[113,465,517,542]" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">
Description.
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDBFFEAFEEDFDC371B4421F" bold="true" box="[257,465,517,542]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Fourth instar larva</emphasis>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDBFFEAFE32FDC07258421F" box="[478,573,518,542]" captionStart="Figs 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,188,1440,1459]" captionTargetBox="[151,1126,219,1408]" captionTargetId="figure-10@2.[151,1126,219,1410]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–4. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, larva: 1 – head capsule, ventral view; 2 – head capsule, anteroventral view; 3 – mouthparts (messors and scopae); 4 – head capsule, detail of lateral view of mouthparts (mandible and maxilla) (from RONDEROS &amp; SPINELLI 2000). Abbreviations: AN – antennae; CO – collar; HY – hypostoma; LC1 – lacinial sclerite 1; LB – labrum; MD – mandible; MX – maxilla; MP – maxillary palpus; MS – messors; SC – scopae; PL – palatum; ss – sensilla styloconica; st – sensilla trichoidea. Head capsule chaetotaxy: n – anterolateral pit; o – parahypostomal setae; s – anterior perifrontal setae; v – posterolateral setae; w – anterolateral setae; y – ventral setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740447/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">
Figs 1
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDBFFEAFDCCFDC17248421F" box="[544,557,519,542]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">–</emphasis>
4
</figureCitation>
). Larva length 3.35– 5.07 (4.13, n = 6) mm. Head capsule (
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDBFFEAFF21FDE0714F423F" box="[205,298,550,574]" captionStart="Figs 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,188,1440,1459]" captionTargetBox="[151,1126,219,1408]" captionTargetId="figure-10@2.[151,1126,219,1410]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–4. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, larva: 1 – head capsule, ventral view; 2 – head capsule, anteroventral view; 3 – mouthparts (messors and scopae); 4 – head capsule, detail of lateral view of mouthparts (mandible and maxilla) (from RONDEROS &amp; SPINELLI 2000). Abbreviations: AN – antennae; CO – collar; HY – hypostoma; LC1 – lacinial sclerite 1; LB – labrum; MD – mandible; MX – maxilla; MP – maxillary palpus; MS – messors; SC – scopae; PL – palatum; ss – sensilla styloconica; st – sensilla trichoidea. Head capsule chaetotaxy: n – anterolateral pit; o – parahypostomal setae; s – anterior perifrontal setae; v – posterolateral setae; w – anterolateral setae; y – ventral setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740447/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
) pale yellowish, moderately elongate, apex nearly straight, HL
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<geoCoordinate id="73FEAEF6FFDBFFEAFC14FDE07424423F" box="[1016,1089,550,574]" degrees="0.225" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" precision="55" value="-0.225">–0.225</geoCoordinate>
(0.193, n = 12) mm, HW
<geoCoordinate id="73FEAEF6FFDBFFEAFE93FD8071DF425F" box="[383,442,582,606]" degrees="0.095" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" precision="55" value="0.095">0.095</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="73FEAEF6FFDBFFEAFE56FD807261425F" box="[442,516,582,606]" degrees="0.170" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" precision="55" value="-0.17">–0.170</geoCoordinate>
(0.13, n = 8) mm, HR 1.32–1.92 (1.566, n = 8), SGW
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<geoCoordinate id="73FEAEF6FFDBFFEAFF41FDA07093427F" box="[173,246,614,638]" degrees="0.150" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" precision="55" value="-0.15">–0.150</geoCoordinate>
(0.109, n = 6), SGR 1.13–1.35 (1.23, n = 6). All setae thin, medium–sized to elongate, except setae ‘y’ stout; chaetotaxy as in
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDBFFEAFD6CFD407284429F" box="[640,737,646,670]" captionStart="Figs 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,188,1440,1459]" captionTargetBox="[151,1126,219,1408]" captionTargetId="figure-10@2.[151,1126,219,1410]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–4. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, larva: 1 – head capsule, ventral view; 2 – head capsule, anteroventral view; 3 – mouthparts (messors and scopae); 4 – head capsule, detail of lateral view of mouthparts (mandible and maxilla) (from RONDEROS &amp; SPINELLI 2000). Abbreviations: AN – antennae; CO – collar; HY – hypostoma; LC1 – lacinial sclerite 1; LB – labrum; MD – mandible; MX – maxilla; MP – maxillary palpus; MS – messors; SC – scopae; PL – palatum; ss – sensilla styloconica; st – sensilla trichoidea. Head capsule chaetotaxy: n – anterolateral pit; o – parahypostomal setae; s – anterior perifrontal setae; v – posterolateral setae; w – anterolateral setae; y – ventral setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740447/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
. Antenna stout (
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDBFFEAFC63FD40738A429F" box="[911,1007,646,670]" captionStart="Figs 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,188,1440,1459]" captionTargetBox="[151,1126,219,1408]" captionTargetId="figure-10@2.[151,1126,219,1410]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–4. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, larva: 1 – head capsule, ventral view; 2 – head capsule, anteroventral view; 3 – mouthparts (messors and scopae); 4 – head capsule, detail of lateral view of mouthparts (mandible and maxilla) (from RONDEROS &amp; SPINELLI 2000). Abbreviations: AN – antennae; CO – collar; HY – hypostoma; LC1 – lacinial sclerite 1; LB – labrum; MD – mandible; MX – maxilla; MP – maxillary palpus; MS – messors; SC – scopae; PL – palatum; ss – sensilla styloconica; st – sensilla trichoidea. Head capsule chaetotaxy: n – anterolateral pit; o – parahypostomal setae; s – anterior perifrontal setae; v – posterolateral setae; w – anterolateral setae; y – ventral setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740447/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
), short. Labrum (
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDBFFEAFF39FD60715342BF" box="[213,310,678,702]" captionStart="Figs 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,188,1440,1459]" captionTargetBox="[151,1126,219,1408]" captionTargetId="figure-10@2.[151,1126,219,1410]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–4. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, larva: 1 – head capsule, ventral view; 2 – head capsule, anteroventral view; 3 – mouthparts (messors and scopae); 4 – head capsule, detail of lateral view of mouthparts (mandible and maxilla) (from RONDEROS &amp; SPINELLI 2000). Abbreviations: AN – antennae; CO – collar; HY – hypostoma; LC1 – lacinial sclerite 1; LB – labrum; MD – mandible; MX – maxilla; MP – maxillary palpus; MS – messors; SC – scopae; PL – palatum; ss – sensilla styloconica; st – sensilla trichoidea. Head capsule chaetotaxy: n – anterolateral pit; o – parahypostomal setae; s – anterior perifrontal setae; v – posterolateral setae; w – anterolateral setae; y – ventral setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740447/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
) shorter than greatest basal width, with pair of anterolateral sensilla trichoidea (
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDBFFEAFF38FD00715042DF" box="[212,309,710,734]" captionStart="Figs 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,188,1440,1459]" captionTargetBox="[151,1126,219,1408]" captionTargetId="figure-10@2.[151,1126,219,1410]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–4. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, larva: 1 – head capsule, ventral view; 2 – head capsule, anteroventral view; 3 – mouthparts (messors and scopae); 4 – head capsule, detail of lateral view of mouthparts (mandible and maxilla) (from RONDEROS &amp; SPINELLI 2000). Abbreviations: AN – antennae; CO – collar; HY – hypostoma; LC1 – lacinial sclerite 1; LB – labrum; MD – mandible; MX – maxilla; MP – maxillary palpus; MS – messors; SC – scopae; PL – palatum; ss – sensilla styloconica; st – sensilla trichoidea. Head capsule chaetotaxy: n – anterolateral pit; o – parahypostomal setae; s – anterior perifrontal setae; v – posterolateral setae; w – anterolateral setae; y – ventral setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740447/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
); palatum with 2 pairs of contiguous sensilla styloconica, and 2 pairs of sensilla trichoidea underneath (
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDBFFEAFE52FD20727B42FF" box="[446,542,742,766]" captionStart="Figs 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,188,1440,1459]" captionTargetBox="[151,1126,219,1408]" captionTargetId="figure-10@2.[151,1126,219,1410]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–4. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, larva: 1 – head capsule, ventral view; 2 – head capsule, anteroventral view; 3 – mouthparts (messors and scopae); 4 – head capsule, detail of lateral view of mouthparts (mandible and maxilla) (from RONDEROS &amp; SPINELLI 2000). Abbreviations: AN – antennae; CO – collar; HY – hypostoma; LC1 – lacinial sclerite 1; LB – labrum; MD – mandible; MX – maxilla; MP – maxillary palpus; MS – messors; SC – scopae; PL – palatum; ss – sensilla styloconica; st – sensilla trichoidea. Head capsule chaetotaxy: n – anterolateral pit; o – parahypostomal setae; s – anterior perifrontal setae; v – posterolateral setae; w – anterolateral setae; y – ventral setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740447/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
); messors (
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDBFFEAFD7AFD20729042FF" box="[662,757,742,766]" captionStart="Figs 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,188,1440,1459]" captionTargetBox="[151,1126,219,1408]" captionTargetId="figure-10@2.[151,1126,219,1410]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–4. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, larva: 1 – head capsule, ventral view; 2 – head capsule, anteroventral view; 3 – mouthparts (messors and scopae); 4 – head capsule, detail of lateral view of mouthparts (mandible and maxilla) (from RONDEROS &amp; SPINELLI 2000). Abbreviations: AN – antennae; CO – collar; HY – hypostoma; LC1 – lacinial sclerite 1; LB – labrum; MD – mandible; MX – maxilla; MP – maxillary palpus; MS – messors; SC – scopae; PL – palatum; ss – sensilla styloconica; st – sensilla trichoidea. Head capsule chaetotaxy: n – anterolateral pit; o – parahypostomal setae; s – anterior perifrontal setae; v – posterolateral setae; w – anterolateral setae; y – ventral setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740447/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Figs 2–3</figureCitation>
) stout, poorly sclerotized, with 7–8 elongate teeth, five-toothed well developed scopae (
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDBFFEAFD52FCC07298431F" box="[702,765,774,798]" captionStart="Figs 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,188,1440,1459]" captionTargetBox="[151,1126,219,1408]" captionTargetId="figure-10@2.[151,1126,219,1410]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–4. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, larva: 1 – head capsule, ventral view; 2 – head capsule, anteroventral view; 3 – mouthparts (messors and scopae); 4 – head capsule, detail of lateral view of mouthparts (mandible and maxilla) (from RONDEROS &amp; SPINELLI 2000). Abbreviations: AN – antennae; CO – collar; HY – hypostoma; LC1 – lacinial sclerite 1; LB – labrum; MD – mandible; MX – maxilla; MP – maxillary palpus; MS – messors; SC – scopae; PL – palatum; ss – sensilla styloconica; st – sensilla trichoidea. Head capsule chaetotaxy: n – anterolateral pit; o – parahypostomal setae; s – anterior perifrontal setae; v – posterolateral setae; w – anterolateral setae; y – ventral setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740447/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Mandible (
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDBFFEAFC6FFCC073A4431F" box="[899,961,774,798]" captionStart="Figs 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,188,1440,1459]" captionTargetBox="[151,1126,219,1408]" captionTargetId="figure-10@2.[151,1126,219,1410]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–4. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, larva: 1 – head capsule, ventral view; 2 – head capsule, anteroventral view; 3 – mouthparts (messors and scopae); 4 – head capsule, detail of lateral view of mouthparts (mandible and maxilla) (from RONDEROS &amp; SPINELLI 2000). Abbreviations: AN – antennae; CO – collar; HY – hypostoma; LC1 – lacinial sclerite 1; LB – labrum; MD – mandible; MX – maxilla; MP – maxillary palpus; MS – messors; SC – scopae; PL – palatum; ss – sensilla styloconica; st – sensilla trichoidea. Head capsule chaetotaxy: n – anterolateral pit; o – parahypostomal setae; s – anterior perifrontal setae; v – posterolateral setae; w – anterolateral setae; y – ventral setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740447/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) of medium length, stout, hooked, curved, with broad base, 7–8 short subapical teeth, 2 stout, pointed apical teeth, one insertion of setae on ectal margin near hypocondyle; ML
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(0.06, n = 9) mm, MW
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(0.019, n = 9) mm. Maxilla (
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDBFFEAFD17FCA0733B437F" box="[763,862,870,894]" captionStart="Figs 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,188,1440,1459]" captionTargetBox="[151,1126,219,1408]" captionTargetId="figure-10@2.[151,1126,219,1410]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–4. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, larva: 1 – head capsule, ventral view; 2 – head capsule, anteroventral view; 3 – mouthparts (messors and scopae); 4 – head capsule, detail of lateral view of mouthparts (mandible and maxilla) (from RONDEROS &amp; SPINELLI 2000). Abbreviations: AN – antennae; CO – collar; HY – hypostoma; LC1 – lacinial sclerite 1; LB – labrum; MD – mandible; MX – maxilla; MP – maxillary palpus; MS – messors; SC – scopae; PL – palatum; ss – sensilla styloconica; st – sensilla trichoidea. Head capsule chaetotaxy: n – anterolateral pit; o – parahypostomal setae; s – anterior perifrontal setae; v – posterolateral setae; w – anterolateral setae; y – ventral setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740447/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
) with short papillae; maxillary palpus (
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDBFFEAFEDFFC4071F7439F" box="[307,402,902,926]" captionStart="Figs 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,188,1440,1459]" captionTargetBox="[151,1126,219,1408]" captionTargetId="figure-10@2.[151,1126,219,1410]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–4. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, larva: 1 – head capsule, ventral view; 2 – head capsule, anteroventral view; 3 – mouthparts (messors and scopae); 4 – head capsule, detail of lateral view of mouthparts (mandible and maxilla) (from RONDEROS &amp; SPINELLI 2000). Abbreviations: AN – antennae; CO – collar; HY – hypostoma; LC1 – lacinial sclerite 1; LB – labrum; MD – mandible; MX – maxilla; MP – maxillary palpus; MS – messors; SC – scopae; PL – palatum; ss – sensilla styloconica; st – sensilla trichoidea. Head capsule chaetotaxy: n – anterolateral pit; o – parahypostomal setae; s – anterior perifrontal setae; v – posterolateral setae; w – anterolateral setae; y – ventral setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740447/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Figs 2, 4</figureCitation>
) stout, cylindrical, with 6 long apical papillae, two short, lateral papillae, hook-shaped lateral lobe; galeolacinia with long seta. Hypostoma (
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDBFFEAFC4EFC60746743BF" box="[930,1026,934,958]" captionStart="Figs 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,188,1440,1459]" captionTargetBox="[151,1126,219,1408]" captionTargetId="figure-10@2.[151,1126,219,1410]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–4. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, larva: 1 – head capsule, ventral view; 2 – head capsule, anteroventral view; 3 – mouthparts (messors and scopae); 4 – head capsule, detail of lateral view of mouthparts (mandible and maxilla) (from RONDEROS &amp; SPINELLI 2000). Abbreviations: AN – antennae; CO – collar; HY – hypostoma; LC1 – lacinial sclerite 1; LB – labrum; MD – mandible; MX – maxilla; MP – maxillary palpus; MS – messors; SC – scopae; PL – palatum; ss – sensilla styloconica; st – sensilla trichoidea. Head capsule chaetotaxy: n – anterolateral pit; o – parahypostomal setae; s – anterior perifrontal setae; v – posterolateral setae; w – anterolateral setae; y – ventral setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740447/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
) with rounded, mesal, smooth elevation, lateral margin serrate with three stout teeth, the inner one conspicuous. Epipharynx massive, with 2 ventral combs (2 and 4), dorsal comb sclerites enlarged with fringed edge; lateral arms stout, sclerotized, with hyaline lateral curtains; LAW
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(0.06, n = 5) mm, DCW 0.020 (n = 1). Hypopharynx elongate, moderately sclerotized, arms nearly straight. Thoracic pigmentation uniformly pale, integument with notorious long setae. Abdominal segments uniformly pale. Caudal segment with 5 pairs of pale, long, thin setae; CSL
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(0.460, n = 4) mm, CSW
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(0.165, n = 3) mm, CSR 2.55–2.75 (2.63, n = 3), seta ‘o’ elongated, OL
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(0.325, n = 4), OD
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(0.060, n = 3) mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1675C831FFDBFFECFF7CFB2371C94651" blockId="3.[113,1089,517,1598]" lastBlockId="5.[113,1089,1400,1616]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="782" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDBFFEAFF7CFB23716244FC" bold="true" box="[144,263,1253,1278]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Male pupa</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDBFFEAFEFAFB2071E144FF" box="[278,388,1254,1278]" captionStart-0="Figs 5–8" captionStart-1="Figs 9–12" captionStartId-0="4.[151,188,1077,1096]" captionStartId-1="5.[113,150,1273,1292]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1126,219,1060]" captionTargetBox-1="[186,1016,229,1248]" captionTargetId-0="figure-10@4.[151,1126,219,1060]" captionTargetId-1="figure-103@5.[186,1017,219,1249]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="Figs 5–8. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, male pupa: 5 – cephalothoracic sensilla and respiratory organ; 6 – respiratory organ; 7 – anterolateral sensilla; 8 – clypeal/labral sensillum and ocular sensilla. Scale bars: 0.05 mm.Abbreviations: AL-1-T, AL-2-T, AL-3-T – anterolateral sensilla; AM-1-T – anteromedial sensillum; CL-1-H – clypeal/labral sensillum; DL-1-H, DL-2-H – dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla; O-1-H, O-2-H, O-3-H – ocular sensilla; P – pedicel; p – pore; RO – respiratory organ." captionText-1="Figs 9–12. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913. 9–10 – male pupa; 11–12 – female pupa; 9, 11 – dorsal apotome; 10, 12 – ninth segment, ventral view.Scale bars: 0.05 mm.Abbreviations: DA-1-H, DA-2-H – dorsal apotomal sensilla; GL – genital lobe; TP – terminal process; D-5-IX, D-6-IX – campaniform sensilla of terminal process." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740449" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740451" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5740449/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5740451/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Figs 5–10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDBFFEAFE7CFB2071B244FF" box="[400,471,1254,1278]" captionStart="Figs 13–16" captionStartId="6.[151,188,1409,1428]" captionTargetBox="[268,1033,231,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-10@6.[233,1044,220,1386]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 13–16. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, male pupa: 13 – cephalothoracic sensilla and respiratory organ; 14 – dorsal setae; 15 – first abdominal segment chaetotaxy; 16 – fourth abdominal segment chaetotaxy.Scale bars: 0.05 mm.Abbreviations: AL-1-T, AL-2-T, AL-3-T – anterolateral sensilla; AM-1-T – anteromedial sensillum; DL-1-H, DL-2-H – dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla; p – pores; RO – respiratory organ; D-1-T, D-2-T, D-3-T, D-4-T, D-5-T – dorsals; SA-2-T – supraalar; D-2-I, D-3-I, D-4-I, D-7-I, D-8-I, D-9-I – dorsal sensilla of first abdominal segment; L-1-I, L-2-I, L-3-I – lateral sensilla of first abdominal segment; D-2-IV, D-3-IV, D-4-IV, D-5-IV, D-7-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV – dorsal sensilla of fourth abdominal segment; L-1-IV, L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV – lateral sensilla of fourth abdominal segment; V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV – ventral sensilla of fourth abdominal segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740453" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740453/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">13–16</figureCitation>
). Exuviae pale yellowish. Total length 1.72–2.32 (2.07, n = 6) mm. Length of cephalothorax 0.79–0.92 (0.85, n = 6) mm, width 0.52–0.60 (0.56, n = 4) mm. Dorsal apotome (
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDBFFEAFE6DFAE071A7453F" box="[385,450,1318,1342]" captionStart="Figs 9–12" captionStartId="5.[113,150,1273,1292]" captionTargetBox="[186,1016,229,1248]" captionTargetId="figure-103@5.[186,1017,219,1249]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 9–12. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913. 9–10 – male pupa; 11–12 – female pupa; 9, 11 – dorsal apotome; 10, 12 – ninth segment, ventral view.Scale bars: 0.05 mm.Abbreviations: DA-1-H, DA-2-H – dorsal apotomal sensilla; GL – genital lobe; TP – terminal process; D-5-IX, D-6-IX – campaniform sensilla of terminal process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740451/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) as long as wide, dorsal margin nearly straight; laterodistal margins of disc surface covered by spinules; tubercle of dorsal apotome sensilla well-developed, base rounded with marginal small spines; DA-1-H elongate, stout, pointed seta, DA-2-H pore; DAL
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(0.156, n = 2) mm; DAW
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(0.156, n = 2) mm; DAW/DAL 1 (n = 2). Respiratory organ (
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDBFFEAFDC4FA6072EC45BF" box="[552,649,1446,1470]" captionStart="Figs 5–8" captionStartId="4.[151,188,1077,1096]" captionTargetBox="[151,1126,219,1060]" captionTargetId="figure-10@4.[151,1126,219,1060]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 5–8. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, male pupa: 5 – cephalothoracic sensilla and respiratory organ; 6 – respiratory organ; 7 – anterolateral sensilla; 8 – clypeal/labral sensillum and ocular sensilla. Scale bars: 0.05 mm.Abbreviations: AL-1-T, AL-2-T, AL-3-T – anterolateral sensilla; AM-1-T – anteromedial sensillum; CL-1-H – clypeal/labral sensillum; DL-1-H, DL-2-H – dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla; O-1-H, O-2-H, O-3-H – ocular sensilla; P – pedicel; p – pore; RO – respiratory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740449/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Figs 5–6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDBFFEAFD7FFA6072CB45BF" box="[659,686,1446,1470]" captionStart="Figs 13–16" captionStartId="6.[151,188,1409,1428]" captionTargetBox="[268,1033,231,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-10@6.[233,1044,220,1386]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 13–16. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, male pupa: 13 – cephalothoracic sensilla and respiratory organ; 14 – dorsal setae; 15 – first abdominal segment chaetotaxy; 16 – fourth abdominal segment chaetotaxy.Scale bars: 0.05 mm.Abbreviations: AL-1-T, AL-2-T, AL-3-T – anterolateral sensilla; AM-1-T – anteromedial sensillum; DL-1-H, DL-2-H – dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla; p – pores; RO – respiratory organ; D-1-T, D-2-T, D-3-T, D-4-T, D-5-T – dorsals; SA-2-T – supraalar; D-2-I, D-3-I, D-4-I, D-7-I, D-8-I, D-9-I – dorsal sensilla of first abdominal segment; L-1-I, L-2-I, L-3-I – lateral sensilla of first abdominal segment; D-2-IV, D-3-IV, D-4-IV, D-5-IV, D-7-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV – dorsal sensilla of fourth abdominal segment; L-1-IV, L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV – lateral sensilla of fourth abdominal segment; V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV – ventral sensilla of fourth abdominal segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740453" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740453/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">13</figureCitation>
) uniformly yellowish, medium-sized, stout; dorsal surface with short scale–like spines; 5–6 apical pores, 4 laterally on distal half; pedicel length
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<geoCoordinate id="73FEAEF6FFDBFFEAFEA1FA2071F245FF" box="[333,407,1510,1534]" degrees="0.012" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="780" precision="55" value="-0.012">–0.012</geoCoordinate>
(0.0096, n = 6) mm, RO length 0.09–0.11 (0.104, n = 6) mm, P/RO 0.08–0.108 (0.09, n = 6). Cephalothoracic sensilla as follows: two dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla (
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDBFFEAFECEF9E07103463F" box="[290,358,1574,1598]" captionStart="Figs 5–8" captionStartId="4.[151,188,1077,1096]" captionTargetBox="[151,1126,219,1060]" captionTargetId="figure-10@4.[151,1126,219,1060]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 5–8. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, male pupa: 5 – cephalothoracic sensilla and respiratory organ; 6 – respiratory organ; 7 – anterolateral sensilla; 8 – clypeal/labral sensillum and ocular sensilla. Scale bars: 0.05 mm.Abbreviations: AL-1-T, AL-2-T, AL-3-T – anterolateral sensilla; AM-1-T – anteromedial sensillum; CL-1-H – clypeal/labral sensillum; DL-1-H, DL-2-H – dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla; O-1-H, O-2-H, O-3-H – ocular sensilla; P – pedicel; p – pore; RO – respiratory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740449/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">Figs 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDBFFEAFE9EF9E071E8463F" box="[370,397,1574,1598]" captionStart="Figs 13–16" captionStartId="6.[151,188,1409,1428]" captionTargetBox="[268,1033,231,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-10@6.[233,1044,220,1386]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 13–16. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, male pupa: 13 – cephalothoracic sensilla and respiratory organ; 14 – dorsal setae; 15 – first abdominal segment chaetotaxy; 16 – fourth abdominal segment chaetotaxy.Scale bars: 0.05 mm.Abbreviations: AL-1-T, AL-2-T, AL-3-T – anterolateral sensilla; AM-1-T – anteromedial sensillum; DL-1-H, DL-2-H – dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla; p – pores; RO – respiratory organ; D-1-T, D-2-T, D-3-T, D-4-T, D-5-T – dorsals; SA-2-T – supraalar; D-2-I, D-3-I, D-4-I, D-7-I, D-8-I, D-9-I – dorsal sensilla of first abdominal segment; L-1-I, L-2-I, L-3-I – lateral sensilla of first abdominal segment; D-2-IV, D-3-IV, D-4-IV, D-5-IV, D-7-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV – dorsal sensilla of fourth abdominal segment; L-1-IV, L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV – lateral sensilla of fourth abdominal segment; V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV – ventral sensilla of fourth abdominal segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740453" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740453/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="780">13</figureCitation>
) on blunt tubercle: DL-1-H long, stout seta, DL-2-H minute seta, campaniform sensillum not visible; three anterolateral sensilla (
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDCFFEDFCD4FB2273F344FD" box="[824,918,1252,1276]" captionStart="Figs 5–8" captionStartId="4.[151,188,1077,1096]" captionTargetBox="[151,1126,219,1060]" captionTargetId="figure-10@4.[151,1126,219,1060]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 5–8. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, male pupa: 5 – cephalothoracic sensilla and respiratory organ; 6 – respiratory organ; 7 – anterolateral sensilla; 8 – clypeal/labral sensillum and ocular sensilla. Scale bars: 0.05 mm.Abbreviations: AL-1-T, AL-2-T, AL-3-T – anterolateral sensilla; AM-1-T – anteromedial sensillum; CL-1-H – clypeal/labral sensillum; DL-1-H, DL-2-H – dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla; O-1-H, O-2-H, O-3-H – ocular sensilla; P – pedicel; p – pore; RO – respiratory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740449/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="781">Figs 5, 7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDCFFEDFC4DFB2273D844FD" box="[929,957,1252,1276]" captionStart="Figs 13–16" captionStartId="6.[151,188,1409,1428]" captionTargetBox="[268,1033,231,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-10@6.[233,1044,220,1386]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 13–16. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, male pupa: 13 – cephalothoracic sensilla and respiratory organ; 14 – dorsal setae; 15 – first abdominal segment chaetotaxy; 16 – fourth abdominal segment chaetotaxy.Scale bars: 0.05 mm.Abbreviations: AL-1-T, AL-2-T, AL-3-T – anterolateral sensilla; AM-1-T – anteromedial sensillum; DL-1-H, DL-2-H – dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla; p – pores; RO – respiratory organ; D-1-T, D-2-T, D-3-T, D-4-T, D-5-T – dorsals; SA-2-T – supraalar; D-2-I, D-3-I, D-4-I, D-7-I, D-8-I, D-9-I – dorsal sensilla of first abdominal segment; L-1-I, L-2-I, L-3-I – lateral sensilla of first abdominal segment; D-2-IV, D-3-IV, D-4-IV, D-5-IV, D-7-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV – dorsal sensilla of fourth abdominal segment; L-1-IV, L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV – lateral sensilla of fourth abdominal segment; V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV – ventral sensilla of fourth abdominal segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740453" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740453/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="781">13</figureCitation>
), AL-1-T medium-sized, stout seta, AL-2-T long, thin seta, AL-3-T campaniform sensillum; anteromedial sensillum (
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDCFFEDFEE1FAE27136453D" box="[269,339,1316,1340]" captionStart="Figs 5–8" captionStartId="4.[151,188,1077,1096]" captionTargetBox="[151,1126,219,1060]" captionTargetId="figure-10@4.[151,1126,219,1060]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 5–8. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, male pupa: 5 – cephalothoracic sensilla and respiratory organ; 6 – respiratory organ; 7 – anterolateral sensilla; 8 – clypeal/labral sensillum and ocular sensilla. Scale bars: 0.05 mm.Abbreviations: AL-1-T, AL-2-T, AL-3-T – anterolateral sensilla; AM-1-T – anteromedial sensillum; CL-1-H – clypeal/labral sensillum; DL-1-H, DL-2-H – dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla; O-1-H, O-2-H, O-3-H – ocular sensilla; P – pedicel; p – pore; RO – respiratory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740449/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="781">Figs 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDCFFEDFE8CFAE2711E453D" box="[352,379,1316,1340]" captionStart="Figs 13–16" captionStartId="6.[151,188,1409,1428]" captionTargetBox="[268,1033,231,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-10@6.[233,1044,220,1386]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 13–16. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, male pupa: 13 – cephalothoracic sensilla and respiratory organ; 14 – dorsal setae; 15 – first abdominal segment chaetotaxy; 16 – fourth abdominal segment chaetotaxy.Scale bars: 0.05 mm.Abbreviations: AL-1-T, AL-2-T, AL-3-T – anterolateral sensilla; AM-1-T – anteromedial sensillum; DL-1-H, DL-2-H – dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla; p – pores; RO – respiratory organ; D-1-T, D-2-T, D-3-T, D-4-T, D-5-T – dorsals; SA-2-T – supraalar; D-2-I, D-3-I, D-4-I, D-7-I, D-8-I, D-9-I – dorsal sensilla of first abdominal segment; L-1-I, L-2-I, L-3-I – lateral sensilla of first abdominal segment; D-2-IV, D-3-IV, D-4-IV, D-5-IV, D-7-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV – dorsal sensilla of fourth abdominal segment; L-1-IV, L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV – lateral sensilla of fourth abdominal segment; V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV – ventral sensilla of fourth abdominal segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740453" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740453/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="781">13</figureCitation>
) medium sized, thin; dorsal setae (
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDCFFEDFD14FAE27322453D" box="[760,839,1316,1340]" captionStart="Figs 13–16" captionStartId="6.[151,188,1409,1428]" captionTargetBox="[268,1033,231,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-10@6.[233,1044,220,1386]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 13–16. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, male pupa: 13 – cephalothoracic sensilla and respiratory organ; 14 – dorsal setae; 15 – first abdominal segment chaetotaxy; 16 – fourth abdominal segment chaetotaxy.Scale bars: 0.05 mm.Abbreviations: AL-1-T, AL-2-T, AL-3-T – anterolateral sensilla; AM-1-T – anteromedial sensillum; DL-1-H, DL-2-H – dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla; p – pores; RO – respiratory organ; D-1-T, D-2-T, D-3-T, D-4-T, D-5-T – dorsals; SA-2-T – supraalar; D-2-I, D-3-I, D-4-I, D-7-I, D-8-I, D-9-I – dorsal sensilla of first abdominal segment; L-1-I, L-2-I, L-3-I – lateral sensilla of first abdominal segment; D-2-IV, D-3-IV, D-4-IV, D-5-IV, D-7-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV – dorsal sensilla of fourth abdominal segment; L-1-IV, L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV – lateral sensilla of fourth abdominal segment; V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV – ventral sensilla of fourth abdominal segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740453" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740453/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="781">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
) as follows: D-1-T, D-2-T medium-sized, thin setae, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-4-T short seta, D-5-T minute seta, SA-2-T campaniform sensillum. Three ocular (
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDCFFEDFD22FAA2736B457D" box="[718,782,1380,1404]" captionStart="Figs 5–8" captionStartId="4.[151,188,1077,1096]" captionTargetBox="[151,1126,219,1060]" captionTargetId="figure-10@4.[151,1126,219,1060]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 5–8. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, male pupa: 5 – cephalothoracic sensilla and respiratory organ; 6 – respiratory organ; 7 – anterolateral sensilla; 8 – clypeal/labral sensillum and ocular sensilla. Scale bars: 0.05 mm.Abbreviations: AL-1-T, AL-2-T, AL-3-T – anterolateral sensilla; AM-1-T – anteromedial sensillum; CL-1-H – clypeal/labral sensillum; DL-1-H, DL-2-H – dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla; O-1-H, O-2-H, O-3-H – ocular sensilla; P – pedicel; p – pore; RO – respiratory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740449/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="781">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
) thin sensilla, O-1-H long seta, O-3-H slightly shorter, O-2-H campaniform sensillum; one clypeal/labral (
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDCFFEDFC5AFA427393459D" box="[950,1014,1412,1436]" captionStart="Figs 5–8" captionStartId="4.[151,188,1077,1096]" captionTargetBox="[151,1126,219,1060]" captionTargetId="figure-10@4.[151,1126,219,1060]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 5–8. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, male pupa: 5 – cephalothoracic sensilla and respiratory organ; 6 – respiratory organ; 7 – anterolateral sensilla; 8 – clypeal/labral sensillum and ocular sensilla. Scale bars: 0.05 mm.Abbreviations: AL-1-T, AL-2-T, AL-3-T – anterolateral sensilla; AM-1-T – anteromedial sensillum; CL-1-H – clypeal/labral sensillum; DL-1-H, DL-2-H – dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla; O-1-H, O-2-H, O-3-H – ocular sensilla; P – pedicel; p – pore; RO – respiratory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740449/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="781">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
) mediumsized sensillum. Abdominal segments integument spiculated. First abdominal segment (
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDCFFEDFBD7FA6270D745DD" captionStart="Figs 13–16" captionStartId="6.[151,188,1409,1428]" captionTargetBox="[268,1033,231,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-10@6.[233,1044,220,1386]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 13–16. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, male pupa: 13 – cephalothoracic sensilla and respiratory organ; 14 – dorsal setae; 15 – first abdominal segment chaetotaxy; 16 – fourth abdominal segment chaetotaxy.Scale bars: 0.05 mm.Abbreviations: AL-1-T, AL-2-T, AL-3-T – anterolateral sensilla; AM-1-T – anteromedial sensillum; DL-1-H, DL-2-H – dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla; p – pores; RO – respiratory organ; D-1-T, D-2-T, D-3-T, D-4-T, D-5-T – dorsals; SA-2-T – supraalar; D-2-I, D-3-I, D-4-I, D-7-I, D-8-I, D-9-I – dorsal sensilla of first abdominal segment; L-1-I, L-2-I, L-3-I – lateral sensilla of first abdominal segment; D-2-IV, D-3-IV, D-4-IV, D-5-IV, D-7-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV – dorsal sensilla of fourth abdominal segment; L-1-IV, L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV – lateral sensilla of fourth abdominal segment; V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV – ventral sensilla of fourth abdominal segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740453" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740453/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="781">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
) with sensilla as follows: D-2-I stout, medium sized seta, D-3-I thin, medium-sized setae, D-7-I pore; L-1-I, L-2-I, L-3-I medium-sized short, thin setae; D-8-I, D-9-I medium-sized, thin setae, D-4-I pore. Fourth segment with setae poorly developed (
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDCFFEDFC81F9C273D9461D" box="[877,956,1540,1564]" captionStart="Figs 13–16" captionStartId="6.[151,188,1409,1428]" captionTargetBox="[268,1033,231,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-10@6.[233,1044,220,1386]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 13–16. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913, male pupa: 13 – cephalothoracic sensilla and respiratory organ; 14 – dorsal setae; 15 – first abdominal segment chaetotaxy; 16 – fourth abdominal segment chaetotaxy.Scale bars: 0.05 mm.Abbreviations: AL-1-T, AL-2-T, AL-3-T – anterolateral sensilla; AM-1-T – anteromedial sensillum; DL-1-H, DL-2-H – dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla; p – pores; RO – respiratory organ; D-1-T, D-2-T, D-3-T, D-4-T, D-5-T – dorsals; SA-2-T – supraalar; D-2-I, D-3-I, D-4-I, D-7-I, D-8-I, D-9-I – dorsal sensilla of first abdominal segment; L-1-I, L-2-I, L-3-I – lateral sensilla of first abdominal segment; D-2-IV, D-3-IV, D-4-IV, D-5-IV, D-7-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV – dorsal sensilla of fourth abdominal segment; L-1-IV, L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV – lateral sensilla of fourth abdominal segment; V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV – ventral sensilla of fourth abdominal segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740453" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740453/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="781">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
): 7 dorsal setae, D-2-IV, D-3-IV, long, thin setae, D-2-IV stouter; D-5-IV minute seta, D-4-IV, D-7-IV without setae, D-8-IV long, stout seta, D-9-IV long, thin seta; 4 long, lateral setae, L-1-IV, L-2-IV, L-3-IV thin setae, L-4-IV stout seta; 3 ventral setae, V-5-IV short, thin seta, V-6-IV, V-7-IV, medium-sized, thin setae, V-7-IV shorter. Segment 9 (
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDDFFECFD2CFA7E736A45D1" box="[704,783,1464,1488]" captionStart="Figs 9–12" captionStartId="5.[113,150,1273,1292]" captionTargetBox="[186,1016,229,1248]" captionTargetId="figure-103@5.[186,1017,219,1249]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 9–12. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913. 9–10 – male pupa; 11–12 – female pupa; 9, 11 – dorsal apotome; 10, 12 – ninth segment, ventral view.Scale bars: 0.05 mm.Abbreviations: DA-1-H, DA-2-H – dorsal apotomal sensilla; GL – genital lobe; TP – terminal process; D-5-IX, D-6-IX – campaniform sensilla of terminal process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740451/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="782">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
) approximately 1.5× longer than greatest width, length 0.25–0.29 (0.27, n = 6) mm, width
<geoCoordinate id="73FEAEF6FFDDFFECFCF0FA1E733D45F1" box="[796,856,1496,1520]" degrees="0.149" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="782" precision="55" value="0.149">0.149</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="73FEAEF6FFDDFFECFCB4FA1E73C445F1" box="[856,929,1496,1520]" degrees="0.186" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="782" precision="55" value="-0.186">–0.186</geoCoordinate>
(0.174, n = 4) mm, with posteriorly directed spicules restricted ventrally to basal transverse band; terminal processes stout, short, subparallel with pointed tip; surface covered by sparse spicules, length 0.09–0.10 (0.093, n = 6) mm.
</paragraph>
<caption id="42B598B9FFDCFFEDFF7BFBF3720844B5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740449" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5740449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740449/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="781" startId="4.[151,188,1077,1096]" targetBox="[151,1126,219,1060]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="1675C831FFDCFFEDFF7BFBF3720844B5" blockId="4.[151,1127,1077,1204]" pageId="4" pageNumber="781">
Figs 5–8.
<taxonomicName id="D1CAB3B2FFDCFFEDFF1EFBF0724A4448" authority="Lutz, 1913" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1913" box="[242,559,1078,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="781" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bambusicola">
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDCFFEDFF1EFBF071A14449" box="[242,452,1078,1096]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="781">Culicoides bambusicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="725BB5C0FFDCFFEDFE21FBF0724A4448" author="LUTZ A." box="[461,559,1078,1097]" pageId="4" pageNumber="781" pagination="45 - 73" refId="ref7686" refString="LUTZ A. 1913: Contribuicao para o estudo das Ceratopogoninas hematofagas do Brazil. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 5: 45 - 73." type="journal article" year="1913">Lutz, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, male pupa: 5 – cephalothoracic sensilla and respiratory organ; 6 – respiratory organ; 7 – anterolateral sensilla; 8 – clypeal/labral sensillum and ocular sensilla. Scale bars: 0.05 mm.Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDCFFEDFEA9FBAC7244447F" bold="true" box="[325,545,1130,1150]" pageId="4" pageNumber="781">AL-1-T, AL-2-T, AL-3-T</emphasis>
– anterolateral sensilla;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDCFFEDFD1CFBAC735F447F" bold="true" box="[752,826,1130,1150]" pageId="4" pageNumber="781">AM-1-T</emphasis>
– anteromedial sensillum;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDCFFEDFBF3FBAC7402447F" bold="true" box="[1055,1127,1130,1150]" pageId="4" pageNumber="781">CL-1-H</emphasis>
– clypeal/labral sensillum;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDCFFEDFE94FB43726A4499" bold="true" box="[376,527,1157,1176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="781">DL-1-H, DL-2-H</emphasis>
– dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDCFFEDFCB3FB43747B4498" bold="true" box="[863,1054,1157,1177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="781">O-1-H, O-2-H, O-3-H</emphasis>
– ocular sensilla;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDCFFEDFF0EFB66708A44B2" bold="true" box="[226,239,1184,1203]" pageId="4" pageNumber="781">P</emphasis>
– pedicel;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDCFFEDFEA0FB66713D44B2" bold="true" box="[332,344,1184,1203]" pageId="4" pageNumber="781">p</emphasis>
– pore;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDCFFEDFE73FB5971DA44B2" bold="true" box="[415,447,1183,1203]" pageId="4" pageNumber="781">RO</emphasis>
– respiratory organ.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="42B598B9FFDDFFECFF9DFB3F73864540" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740451" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5740451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740451/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="782" startId="5.[113,150,1273,1292]" targetBox="[186,1016,229,1248]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="1675C831FFDDFFECFF9DFB3F73864540" blockId="5.[113,1089,1273,1345]" pageId="5" pageNumber="782">
Figs 9–12.
<taxonomicName id="D1CAB3B2FFDDFFECFF23FB3C7198450D" authority="Lutz, 1913" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1913" box="[207,509,1273,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="782" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bambusicola">
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDDFFECFF23FB3C71FE450D" box="[207,411,1274,1292]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="782">Culicoides bambusicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="725BB5C0FFDDFFECFE4CFB3F7198450D" author="LUTZ A." box="[416,509,1273,1292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="782" pagination="45 - 73" refId="ref7686" refString="LUTZ A. 1913: Contribuicao para o estudo das Ceratopogoninas hematofagas do Brazil. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 5: 45 - 73." type="journal article" year="1913">Lutz, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 9–10 – male pupa; 11–12 – female pupa; 9, 11 – dorsal apotome; 10, 12 – ninth segment, ventral view.Scale bars: 0.05 mm.Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDDFFECFD2EFAD5730E4526" bold="true" box="[706,875,1299,1319]" pageId="5" pageNumber="782">DA-1-H, DA-2-H –</emphasis>
dorsal apotomal sensilla;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDDFFECFF9DFAEB70FA4540" bold="true" box="[113,159,1325,1345]" pageId="5" pageNumber="782">GL –</emphasis>
genital lobe;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDDFFECFEF8FAE8714A4540" bold="true" box="[276,303,1326,1345]" pageId="5" pageNumber="782">TP</emphasis>
– terminal process;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDDFFECFE30FAE872024540" bold="true" box="[476,615,1326,1345]" pageId="5" pageNumber="782">D-5-IX, D-6-IX</emphasis>
– campaniform sensilla of terminal process.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="42B598B9FFDEFFEFFF7BFA477383464E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740453" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5740453" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740453/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="783" startId="6.[151,188,1409,1428]" targetBox="[268,1033,231,1364]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="1675C831FFDEFFEFFF7BFA477383464E" blockId="6.[151,1127,1409,1615]" pageId="6" pageNumber="783">
Figs 13–16.
<taxonomicName id="D1CAB3B2FFDEFFEFFEEFFA44725D4595" authority="Lutz, 1913" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1913" box="[259,568,1409,1428]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="783" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bambusicola">
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDEFFEFFEEFFA4471B74595" box="[259,466,1410,1428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="783">Culicoides bambusicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="725BB5C0FFDEFFEFFE34FA47725D4595" author="LUTZ A." box="[472,568,1409,1428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="783" pagination="45 - 73" refId="ref7686" refString="LUTZ A. 1913: Contribuicao para o estudo das Ceratopogoninas hematofagas do Brazil. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 5: 45 - 73." type="journal article" year="1913">Lutz, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, male pupa: 13 – cephalothoracic sensilla and respiratory organ; 14 – dorsal setae; 15 – first abdominal segment chaetotaxy; 16 – fourth abdominal segment chaetotaxy.Scale bars: 0.05 mm.Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDEFFEFFEA8FA73724545C8" bold="true" box="[324,544,1461,1481]" pageId="6" pageNumber="783">AL-1-T, AL-2-T, AL-3-T</emphasis>
– anterolateral sensilla;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDEFFEFFD00FA73735245C8" bold="true" box="[748,823,1461,1481]" pageId="6" pageNumber="783">AM-1-T</emphasis>
– anteromedial sensillum;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDEFFEFFBF6FA70740445C8" bold="true" box="[1050,1121,1462,1481]" pageId="6" pageNumber="783">DL-1-H</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDEFFEFFF7BFA1770BB45E5" bold="true" box="[151,222,1489,1508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="783">DL-2-H</emphasis>
– dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDEFFEFFDD3FA17722E45E5" bold="true" box="[575,587,1489,1508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="783">p</emphasis>
– pores;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDEFFEFFD76FA1672DF45E5" bold="true" box="[666,698,1488,1508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="783">RO</emphasis>
– respiratory organ;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDEFFEFFC81FA1770A845FE" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="783">D-1-T, D-2-T, D-3-T, D-4-T, D-5-T</emphasis>
– dorsals;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDEFFEFFEC0FA2D711B45FE" bold="true" box="[300,382,1515,1535]" pageId="6" pageNumber="783">SA-2-T –</emphasis>
supraalar;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDEFFEFFE32FA2D732C45FE" bold="true" box="[478,841,1515,1535]" pageId="6" pageNumber="783">D-2-I, D-3-I, D-4-I, D-7-I, D-8-I, D-9-I –</emphasis>
dorsal sensilla of first abdominal segment;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDEFFEFFF05F9C071EF4618" bold="true" box="[233,394,1542,1561]" pageId="6" pageNumber="783">L-1-I, L-2-I, L-3-I</emphasis>
– lateral sensilla of first abdominal segment;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDEFFEFFCE4F9C0717A4635" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="783">D-2-IV, D-3-IV, D-4-IV, D-5-IV, D-7-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV</emphasis>
– dorsal sensilla of fourth abdominal segment;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDEFFEFFD5CF9E773A74635" bold="true" box="[688,962,1569,1588]" pageId="6" pageNumber="783">L-1-IV, L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV</emphasis>
– lateral sensilla of fourth abdominal segment;
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDEFFEFFE6EF9FA7229464E" bold="true" box="[386,588,1595,1615]" pageId="6" pageNumber="783">V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV</emphasis>
– ventral sensilla of fourth abdominal segment.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1675C831FFDFFFEEFF7CFF1C73E14232" blockId="7.[113,1089,218,1171]" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDFFFEEFF7CFF1C717B40F2" bold="true" box="[144,286,218,243]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">Female pupa</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDFFFEEFEC6FF1D71C140F5" box="[298,420,219,244]" captionStart="Figs 9–12" captionStartId="5.[113,150,1273,1292]" captionTargetBox="[186,1016,229,1248]" captionTargetId="figure-103@5.[186,1017,219,1249]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 9–12. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913. 9–10 – male pupa; 11–12 – female pupa; 9, 11 – dorsal apotome; 10, 12 – ninth segment, ventral view.Scale bars: 0.05 mm.Abbreviations: DA-1-H, DA-2-H – dorsal apotomal sensilla; GL – genital lobe; TP – terminal process; D-5-IX, D-6-IX – campaniform sensilla of terminal process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740451/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">Figs 11–12</figureCitation>
). Similar to male with following sexual differences. Total length 2.54–2.88 (2.71, n = 2) mm. Dorsal apotome (
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDFFFEEFDB4FF3D72C64115" box="[600,675,251,276]" captionStart="Figs 9–12" captionStartId="5.[113,150,1273,1292]" captionTargetBox="[186,1016,229,1248]" captionTargetId="figure-103@5.[186,1017,219,1249]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 9–12. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913. 9–10 – male pupa; 11–12 – female pupa; 9, 11 – dorsal apotome; 10, 12 – ninth segment, ventral view.Scale bars: 0.05 mm.Abbreviations: DA-1-H, DA-2-H – dorsal apotomal sensilla; GL – genital lobe; TP – terminal process; D-5-IX, D-6-IX – campaniform sensilla of terminal process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740451/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
) DAL
<geoCoordinate id="73FEAEF6FFDFFFEEFD02FF3D734F4112" box="[750,810,251,275]" degrees="0.162" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="784" precision="55" value="0.162">0.162</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="73FEAEF6FFDFFFEEFCC6FF3D73164112" box="[810,883,251,275]" degrees="0.200" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="784" precision="55" value="-0.2">–0.200</geoCoordinate>
(0.181, n = 2) mm; DAW
<geoCoordinate id="73FEAEF6FFDFFFEEFF5FFEDA708B4135" box="[179,238,284,308]" degrees="0.174" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="784" precision="55" value="0.174">0.174</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="73FEAEF6FFDFFFEEFF02FEDA71524135" box="[238,311,284,308]" degrees="0.200" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="784" precision="55" value="-0.2">–0.200</geoCoordinate>
(0.187, n = 2) mm; DAW/DAL 1.00–1.07 (1.035, n = 2). Respiratory organ length
<geoCoordinate id="73FEAEF6FFDFFFEEFF56FEFA70934155" box="[186,246,316,340]" degrees="0.122" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="784" precision="55" value="0.122">0.122</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="73FEAEF6FFDFFFEEFF1AFEFA715A4155" box="[246,319,316,340]" degrees="0.140" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="784" precision="55" value="-0.14">–0.140</geoCoordinate>
(0.131, n = 2) mm; width
<geoCoordinate id="73FEAEF6FFDFFFEEFDB8FEFD72EA4152" box="[596,655,315,339]" degrees="0.048" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="784" precision="55" value="0.048">0.048</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="73FEAEF6FFDFFFEEFD63FEFD72BC4152" box="[655,729,315,339]" degrees="0.062" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="784" precision="55" value="-0.062">–0.062</geoCoordinate>
(0.055, n = 2) mm; pedicel length 0.010 (n = 2) mm; P/RO
<geoCoordinate id="73FEAEF6FFDFFFEEFE97FE9A71D34175" box="[379,438,348,372]" degrees="0.071" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="784" precision="55" value="0.071">0.071</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="73FEAEF6FFDFFFEEFE5AFE9A72644175" box="[438,513,348,372]" degrees="0.082" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="784" precision="55" value="-0.082">–0.082</geoCoordinate>
(0.077, n = 2). Cephalothorax length 1.02–1.10 (1.06, n = 2) mm, width 0.74–0.80 (0.77, n = 2) mm. Segment 9 (
<figureCitation id="8EF1D4B4FFDFFFEEFD0CFEBD73484195" box="[736,813,379,404]" captionStart="Figs 9–12" captionStartId="5.[113,150,1273,1292]" captionTargetBox="[186,1016,229,1248]" captionTargetId="figure-103@5.[186,1017,219,1249]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 9–12. Culicoides bambusicola Lutz, 1913. 9–10 – male pupa; 11–12 – female pupa; 9, 11 – dorsal apotome; 10, 12 – ninth segment, ventral view.Scale bars: 0.05 mm.Abbreviations: DA-1-H, DA-2-H – dorsal apotomal sensilla; GL – genital lobe; TP – terminal process; D-5-IX, D-6-IX – campaniform sensilla of terminal process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5740451/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
) with posteriorly directed spicules restricted to narrow anterior band, not connected to central inverted V-shaped patch of spicules; mesal spicules patch not extending to terminal processes, these moderately elongated, subparallel with pointed, dark tips; ventral surface of terminal processes with spicules present on each side of midline; length
<geoCoordinate id="73FEAEF6FFDFFFEEFDF5FE3A72304215" box="[537,597,508,532]" degrees="0.272" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="784" precision="55" value="0.272">0.272</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="73FEAEF6FFDFFFEEFDB9FE3A72FB4215" box="[597,670,508,532]" degrees="0.320" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="784" precision="55" value="-0.32">–0.320</geoCoordinate>
(0.296, n = 2) mm, width
<geoCoordinate id="73FEAEF6FFDFFFEEFC57FE3A73924215" box="[955,1015,508,532]" degrees="0.184" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="784" precision="55" value="0.184">0.184</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="73FEAEF6FFDFFFEEFC1BFE3A74244215" box="[1015,1089,508,532]" degrees="0.240" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="784" precision="55" value="-0.24">–0.240</geoCoordinate>
(0.212, n = 2) mm; terminal processes length 0.09–0.11 (0.10, n = 2) mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1675C831FFDFFFEEFF9DFDFD73BB42B2" blockId="7.[113,1089,218,1171]" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDFFFEEFF9DFDFD71534255" bold="true" box="[113,310,571,596]" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">Taxonomic notes.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="725BB5C0FFDFFFEEFED7FDFA72034255" author="RONDEROS M. M. &amp; SPINELLI G. R." box="[315,614,572,596]" pageId="7" pageNumber="784" pagination="133 - 144" refId="ref7964" refString="RONDEROS M. M. &amp; SPINELLI G. R. 2000: The larva and pupa of Culicoides bambusicola Lutz observed with SEM, and additional notes on adult (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 126: 133 - 144." type="journal article" year="2000">RONDEROS &amp; SPINELLI (2000)</bibRefCitation>
in their last redescription of
<taxonomicName id="D1CAB3B2FFDFFFEEFC7EFDFB70AE4275" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="784" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bambusicola">
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDFFFEEFC7EFDFB70AE4275" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">Culicoides bambusicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
omitted the description of the palatum, maxilla and hypopharynx of the fourth instar larva, as well as of the cephalothoracic sensilla of the pupa. The fourth abdominal segment of the pupae was incompletely described and its sensilla were erroneously described.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1675C831FFDFFFEEFF7CFD7A73764332" blockId="7.[113,1089,218,1171]" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">
In the genus
<taxonomicName id="D1CAB3B2FFDFFFEEFEFDFD7B71E442D5" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[273,385,701,724]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="784" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDFFFEEFEFDFD7B71E442D5" box="[273,385,701,724]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">Culicoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
there are three sensilla on the dorsolateral sclerite: 2 setae (generally one larger, one smaller) and a campaniform sensillum (Borkent, pers. comm.). For the species with 2 setae such as
<taxonomicName id="D1CAB3B2FFDFFFEEFEA0FD3B71964315" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1913" box="[332,499,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="784" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bambusicola">
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDFFFEEFEA0FD3B713B4315" box="[332,350,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDFFFEEFE87FD3B71964315" box="[363,499,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">bambusicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, there should probably be also a separate campaniform sensillum, which could not be observed in the studied material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1675C831FFDFFFEEFF7CFCFD73664452" blockId="7.[113,1089,218,1171]" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">
The subgenus
<taxonomicName id="D1CAB3B2FFDFFFEEFEC6FCFB72594355" authority="Brethes, 1912" authorityName="Brethes" authorityYear="1912" box="[298,572,827,852]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Cotocripus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="784" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDFFFEEFEC6FCFB71C44355" box="[298,417,829,852]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">Cotocripus</emphasis>
Brèthes, 1912
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="725BB5C0FFDFFFEEFDA7FCFA73054355" author="BORKENT A. &amp; SPINELLI G. R." box="[587,864,828,852]" pageId="7" pageNumber="784" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref6898" refString="BORKENT A. &amp; SPINELLI G. R. 2007: Neotropical Ceratopogonidae (Diptera: Insecta). Pp. 1 - 198. In: ADIS J., ARIAS J. R., RUEDA-DELGADO G. &amp; WANTZEN K. M. (eds.): Aquatic biodiversity in Latin America, Vol. 4. Pensoft, Sofia - Moscow, 198 pp." type="book chapter" year="2007">BORKENT &amp; SPINELLI 2007</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="725BB5C0FFDFFFEEFC87FCFA745C4355" author="SPINELLI G. R. &amp; SANTAMARIA E. &amp; CABRERA O. L. &amp; RONDEROS M. M. &amp; SUAREZ M. F." box="[875,1081,827,852]" pageId="7" pageNumber="784" pagination="81 - 92" refId="ref8414" refString="SPINELLI G. R., SANTAMARIA E., CABRERA O. L., RONDEROS M. M. &amp; SUAREZ M. F. 2009: Five new species of Culicoides Latreille described from Colombia, yielding a new species list and country records (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 104: 81 - 92." type="journal article" year="2009">SPINELLI et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
) is represented by six species, of which only the immatures of
<taxonomicName id="D1CAB3B2FFDFFFEEFCF3FC9B73AC4375" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1913" box="[799,969,860,884]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="784" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bambusicola">
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDFFFEEFCF3FC9B73544375" box="[799,817,861,884]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDFFFEEFCADFC9B73AC4375" box="[833,969,861,884]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">bambusicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been studied. Therefore, we compared it with
<taxonomicName id="D1CAB3B2FFDFFFEEFDC4FCBB72A34395" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1913" box="[552,710,892,916]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="784" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debilipalpis">
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDFFFEEFDC4FCBB725F4395" box="[552,570,893,916]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDFFFEEFDA4FCBB72A34395" box="[584,710,893,916]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">debilipalpis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is included in the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="D1CAB3B2FFDFFFEEFF9DFC5B71A043B2" authority="Goeldi, 1905" authorityName="Goeldi" authorityYear="1905" box="[113,453,923,948]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Haematomyidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="784" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDFFFEEFF9DFC5B714A43B5" box="[113,303,925,948]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">Haematomyidium</emphasis>
Goeldi, 1905
</taxonomicName>
and develops in clean water of tree holes. The immatures of both species are very similar; the few differences between the fourth instar larvae are the following:
<taxonomicName id="D1CAB3B2FFDFFFEEFF09FC1B71E543F5" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1913" box="[229,384,988,1012]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="784" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debilipalpis">
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDFFFEEFF09FC1B709243F5" box="[229,247,989,1012]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDFFFEEFEEEFC1B71E543F5" box="[258,384,989,1012]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">debilipalpis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the antenna less conspicuous, the head ventral seta ‘y’ is stouter and mandible has two elongated, small pointed teeth, the inner tooth is smaller. The pupa of
<taxonomicName id="D1CAB3B2FFDFFFEEFF7CFBDB71554435" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1913" box="[144,304,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="784" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debilipalpis">
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDFFFEEFF7CFBDB70C74435" box="[144,162,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDFFFEEFF5EFBDB71554435" box="[178,304,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">debilipalpis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the respiratory organ longer with large scale-like spines; the dorsal apotome has the disc surface completely covered with spines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5ED09BBAFFDFFFEEFF9DFB9D708C4492" pageId="7" pageNumber="784" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1675C831FFDFFFEEFF9DFB9D708C4492" blockId="7.[113,1089,218,1171]" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">
<emphasis id="24BE1423FFDFFFEEFF9DFB9D71624472" bold="true" box="[113,263,1115,1139]" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="6EDD88A1FFDFFFEEFEFDFB9D711A4472" box="[273,383,1115,1139]" name="Colombia" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6EDD88A1FFDFFFEEFE61FB9D71AA4472" box="[397,463,1115,1139]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="6EDD88A1FFDFFFEEFDE6FB9D72134472" box="[522,630,1115,1139]" name="Argentina" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(Misiones,
<collectingRegion id="D40E06D3FFDFFFEEFD12FB9D730A4472" box="[766,879,1115,1139]" country="Argentina" name="Corrientes" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">Corrientes</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="D40E06D3FFDFFFEEFC40FB9A74254472" box="[940,1088,1115,1139]" country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" pageId="7" pageNumber="784">Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
provinces).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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