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<mods:title id="01DCD88E0B72410D4DB63AEB286C2641">Reassessment of the status of some European and Asian Melitaea taxa described as subspecies of Melitaea phoebe ([Denis &amp; Schiffermüller], 1775), with designations of lectotypes where appropriate (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BCD6064731E5120900C6E6552F292567">Russell, Peter J. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1EE1F023DA9D0FB8C37DEFB130D301CB">Lukhtanov, Vladimir A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AC91396CD0F7D2835C344F25CF169156">Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="381D3B7AEB497F27F75FC18351A53167">Tennent, W. John</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="34F2E254A084AD1AA79F90461A45176D">Scientific Associate, Division of Insects, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. &amp; Honorary Associate, Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford OX 1 3 PW, U. K</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="DB6B87B0FFFBFFE5E1FD01EDFB99FCFA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6580820" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195626719" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6580820" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB6B87B0FFFBFFE5E1FD01EDFB99FCFA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB6B87B0FFFBFFE5E1FD01EDFB99FCFA" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
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<paragraph id="537D36A6FFFBFFE5E1FD01EDFD2BFE12" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,648,438,465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFFBFFE5E1FD01EDFE10FE12" bold="true" box="[199,435,438,465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFFBFFE5E1FD01EDFE9CFE12" ID-CoL="6QY6N" baseAuthorityName="Denis &amp; Schiffermuller" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[199,319,438,465]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFFBFFE5E1FD01EDFE9CFE12" bold="true" box="[199,319,438,465]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">M. phoebe</emphasis>
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ab.
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFFBFFE5E05501EDFE10FE12" bold="true" box="[367,435,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">tatara</emphasis>
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="37534B57FFFBFFE5E08301EDFD2BFE12" author="Krulikovsky, A." box="[441,648,439,465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" pagination="200 - 251" refId="ref9900" refString="Krulikovsky, A. (1891) Experimental catalogue of Lepidoptera of Kazakh Province. Bullitin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou (New Series) 4, 200 - 251. [In Russian, colour pls. I - VIII]" type="journal article" year="1891">Krulikovsky, 1891</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1BD8652DFFFBFFE5E3B401EDFB99FCFA" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="537D36A6FFFBFFE5E3B401EDFB99FCFA" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
[TL:
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFFBFFE5E3FD01EDFCA3FE13" box="[711,768,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">circa</emphasis>
Kazan,
<collectingCountry id="2BD57636FFFBFFE5E26301EDFB90FE12" box="[857,1075,438,465]" name="Russia" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Russian Federation</collectingCountry>
] was considered by Krulikovsky to be a hybrid. In 1897 Krulikovsky said: Earlier I mentioned that I caught
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFFBFFE5E53A0181FBDBFE36" baseAuthorityName="Denis &amp; Schiffermuller" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1024,1144,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFFBFFE5E53A0181FBDBFE36" box="[1024,1144,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">M. phoebe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(male) in copula with
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFFBFFE5E4440181FF5EFDDA" baseAuthorityName="Esper" baseAuthorityYear="1783" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arduinna">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFFBFFE5E4440181FF5EFDDA" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">M. arduinna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(female). I suspect that ab.
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFFBFFE5E31401A5FDD1FDDB" box="[558,626,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">tatara</emphasis>
, which was shown by me in Bull. de
<collectingRegion id="9106F844FFFBFFE5E53501A5FBCFFDDA" box="[1039,1132,511,537]" country="Russia" name="Moscow" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Moscou</collectingRegion>
, 1890, pl VIII, f. g, perhaps is a hybrid between
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFFBFFE5E0410279FE51FDFE" baseAuthorityName="Denis &amp; Schiffermuller" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[379,498,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFFBFFE5E0410279FE51FDFE" box="[379,498,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">M. phoebe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFFBFFE5E3100279FD44FDFE" authority=", Rott." authorityName="Rott." box="[554,743,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="athalia">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFFBFFE5E3100279FD3CFDFE" box="[554,671,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">M. athalia</emphasis>
, Rott.
</taxonomicName>
.[Translation by G. Kuznetsov] [The species mentioned refer to
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFFBFFE5E189021DFE7AFDA2" authority="(Esper, 1783)" baseAuthorityName="Esper" baseAuthorityYear="1783" box="[179,473,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arduinna">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFFBFFE5E189021DFE9EFDA2" box="[179,317,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">M. arduinna</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="37534B57FFFBFFE5E070021DFE73FDA2" author="Esper, E. J. C." box="[330,464,583,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" pagination="157 - 172" refId="ref8959" refString="Esper, E. J. C. (1783) Die Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. Theil I: Die Tagschmetterlinge. Fortsetzung. Band 2 (7), 141 - 156, plates 81, 82, (8), 157 - 172, plates 83 - 88." type="journal article" year="1783">Esper, 1783</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFFBFFE5E337021DFCCAFDA2" authority="(Rottemburg, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Rottemburg" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[525,873,582,609]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="athalia">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFFBFFE5E337021DFD23FDA2" box="[525,640,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">M. athalia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="37534B57FFFBFFE5E3B4021DFCC3FDA2" author="Rottemburg, S. A." box="[654,864,582,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref10490" refString="Rottemburg, S. A. (1775) Unmertungen zu den Hufnagelifchen Tabellen der Schmitterlinge Der Naturforscher, 6, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1775">Rottemburg, 1775</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.] Unfortunately the search by
<bibRefCitation id="37534B57FFFBFFE5E58E021DFEF0FD46" author="Kostjuk I. Y. &amp; Zolotuhin V. V." pageId="3" pageNumber="28" pagination="586 - 593" refId="ref9806" refString="Kostjuk I. Y. &amp; Zolotuhin V. V. (2017) The types of moths and butterflies described from the Volga-Ural Region by Leonid Krulikowsky (Krulikovsky). Part 2. Macrolepidoptera. In: Anikin V. V., Sachkov S. A., Zolotuhin, V. V. (Eds.), Fauna lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis: from P. Pallas to present days. Munich-Vilnius. Proceedings of the Museum Witt. Munich, 7, 443 - 450, 586 - 593." type="journal article" year="2017">Kostjuk &amp; Zolotuhin (2017: 445446)</bibRefCitation>
in the collections of the Zoologisches Museum of Shevchenko University, Kyiv failed to find the
<typeStatus id="8C798804FFFBFFE5E1AD02D5FF5EFD6A" box="[151,253,655,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. The habitat was swampy meadows unsuitable for
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFFBFFE5E26B02D5FC60FD6B" authorityName="Christoph" authorityYear="1893" box="[849,963,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornata">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFFBFFE5E26B02D5FC60FD6B" box="[849,963,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">M. ornata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but acceptable to both
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFFBFFE5E5F702D5FAE6FD6A" baseAuthorityName="Denis &amp; Schiffermuller" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1229,1349,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFFBFFE5E5F702D5FAE6FD6A" box="[1229,1349,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">M. phoebe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFFBFFE5E44402D5FF45FD0E" baseAuthorityName="Rottemburg" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="athalia">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFFBFFE5E44402D5FF45FD0E" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">M. athalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; also Kazan is outside the known distribution of
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFFBFFE5E22202E9FC29FD0F" authorityName="Christoph" authorityYear="1893" box="[792,906,691,716]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornata">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFFBFFE5E22202E9FC29FD0F" box="[792,906,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">M. ornata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Hybrids between
<taxonomicName id="94C24D25FFFBFFE5E55B02E9FABEFD0E" box="[1121,1309,691,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFFBFFE5E55B02E9FB66FD0E" box="[1121,1221,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Melitaea</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are known to occur (
<bibRefCitation id="37534B57FFFBFFE5E038028DFE78FD32" author="Russell, P. J. C. &amp; Pateman, J. &amp; Verovnik, R." box="[258,475,727,753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" pagination="135 - 153" refId="ref10857" refString="Russell, P. J. C., Pateman, J. &amp; Verovnik, R. (2014) First record of M. ornata Christoph, 1893, from Slovenia, with notes on its confirmed distribution and hybridisation with M. phoebe ([Denis &amp; Schiffermuller], 1775). Entomologist's Gazette, 65, 135 - 153." type="journal article" year="2014">
Russell
<emphasis id="61B6EAB4FFFBFFE5E064028DFE32FD32" box="[350,401,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="37534B57FFFBFFE5E0DD028DFCF2FD32" author="Pazhenkova, E. A. &amp; Lukhtanov, V. A." box="[487,849,727,753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" pagination="4819 - 4832" refId="ref10403" refString="Pazhenkova, E. A. &amp; Lukhtanov, V. A. (2021) Genomic introgression from a distant congener in the Levant fritillary butterfly, Melitaea acentria. Molecular Ecology, 30 (19), 4819 - 4832. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / mec. 16085" type="journal article" year="2021">Pazhenkova &amp; Lukhtanov 2021</bibRefCitation>
); also numerous interspecific, intergeneric and even intersubfamily copulations have been observed (
<bibRefCitation id="37534B57FFFBFFE5E38302A1FCF8FCD6" author="Russell, P. J. C." box="[697,859,763,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" pagination="11 - 17" refId="ref10515" refString="Russell, P. J. C. (2012 a) Intergeneric pairings involving Maniola jurtina L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): are sight and smell overridden by this butterfly's sex drive? Entomologists' Gazette, 64, 11 - 17." type="journal article" year="2012">Russell 2012a</bibRefCitation>
, b). In the absence of the specimen the authors can only provide a copy of Krulikovskys figure of this aberration or hybrid(?) (
<figureCitation id="CBF92A23FFFBFFE5E2DD0345FB8FFCFA" box="[999,1068,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURES 711" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,560,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-219@4.[151,1436,560,1833]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 711. 7, Lectotype of Melitaea phoebe sibina Alphéraky, 1881. 8, Melitaea phoebe ab. tatara Krulikovsky, 1891. 9, Lectotype of Melitaea phoebe ornata Christoph, 1893. 10, Lectotype of Melitaea phoebe uralensis Krulikovsky, 1897 (= ufensis Krulikovsky 1902). 11, Lectotype of Melitaea phoebe var. tungusa Herz, 1899. Figs 7, 9, 11 © V.A. Lukhtanov. Figs 8, 10 © expired. A = upperside, B = underside, C = labels on specimen pin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6577635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6577635/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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