treatments-xml/data/A7/62/9F/A7629F4DFFF1FFE2FF54FDE7E3A7F99F.xml

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<mods:title id="58462A37AF21BBCF0928A0212E33309E">A new microendemic species of Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from southern Brazil and revalidation of Tropidurus catalanensis Gudynas &amp; Skuk, 1983</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF1FFE6FF54FDE7E2EBFDF2" authority="Wied-Neuwied, 1820" authorityName="Wied-Neuwied" authorityYear="1820" box="[151,694,547,574]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FF54FDE7E2EBFDF2" bold="true" box="[151,694,547,574]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FF54FDE7E1C4FDF1" bold="true" box="[151,409,548,574]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">Tropidurus torquatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF1FFE6FE6BFDE0E2F3FDF2" author="Wied-Neuwied" box="[424,686,547,573]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" refString="Wied-Neuwied, M. P. zu (1820) Reise nach Brasilien in den jahren 1815 bis 1817. Vol. 1. H. L. Bronner, Frankfurt, 454 pp. Wied-Neuwied, M. P. zu (1820) Reise nach Brasilien in den jahren 1815 bis 1817. Vo l. 2. H. L. Bronner, Frankfurt, 364 pp." type="book" year="1820">Wied-Neuwied, 1820</bibRefCitation>
)
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF1FFE6FF54FD85E173FD91" blockId="19.[151,694,547,606]" box="[151,302,582,606]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">
(
<figureCitation id="B7F032DEFFF1FFE6FF5CFD85E17BFD91" box="[159,294,582,606]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 18" captionStart-1="FIGURE 19" captionStart-2="FIGURE 20" captionStartId-0="20.[151,250,1065,1088]" captionStartId-1="20.[151,250,1969,1992]" captionStartId-2="21.[151,250,1033,1056]" captionTargetBox-0="[170,1407,549,983]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,1169,1947]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,194,1010]" captionTargetId-0="figure@20.[151,1435,410,1044]" captionTargetId-1="figure@20.[151,1435,1169,1947]" captionTargetId-2="figure@21.[151,1435,194,1011]" captionTargetPageId-0="20" captionTargetPageId-1="20" captionTargetPageId-2="21" captionText-0="FIGURE 18. Tropidurus torquatus from Arraial do Cabo, north coast of Rio de Janeiro. Adult male (UFRGS 5756; SVL 70 mm)." captionText-1="FIGURE 19. Tropidurus torquatus from Comendador Levy Gasparian, mountain ranges of Rio de Janeiro, near to the border with Minas Gerais. Adult male (UFRGS 5829; SVL 126.6 mm). Photo by Rafael Balestrin." captionText-2="FIGURE 20. Tropidurus torquatus from Brasília National Park, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Central Brazil (not collected)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/247319/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/247320/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/247321/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">Figs. 18–20</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="67D17DD0FFF1FFE6FF54FD4CE259FB70" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF1FFE6FF54FD4CE347FD2D" blockId="19.[151,1436,654,1075]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0FDB0975FFF1FFE6FF54FD4CE347FD2D" infered="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF1FFE6FF54FD4CE203FD6B" ID-CoL="4ZS8C" authority="Wied-Neuwied, 1820: 106" authorityName="Wied-Neuwied" authorityPageNumber="106" authorityYear="1820" box="[151,606,654,677]" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stellio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FF54FD4CE11DFD6A" box="[151,320,655,677]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">Stellio torquatus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="AE6A084AFFF1FFE6FE8AFD4DE203FD6B" author="Wied-Neuwied" box="[329,606,654,676]" page="106" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" year="1820">
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF1FFE6FE8AFD4DE275FD6B" author="Wied-Neuwied" box="[329,552,654,676]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" refString="Wied-Neuwied, M. P. zu (1820) Reise nach Brasilien in den jahren 1815 bis 1817. Vol. 1. H. L. Bronner, Frankfurt, 454 pp. Wied-Neuwied, M. P. zu (1820) Reise nach Brasilien in den jahren 1815 bis 1817. Vo l. 2. H. L. Bronner, Frankfurt, 364 pp." type="book" year="1820">Wied-Neuwied, 1820</bibRefCitation>
: 106
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. 
<typeStatus id="F07090F9FFF1FFE6FDA9FD4CE2C1FD6B" box="[618,668,655,676]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">Type</typeStatus>
locality: not given. Restricted to the coast of the State of Rio de Janeiro according to 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF1FFE6FE8EFD6EE25FFD0C" author="Rodrigues" box="[333,514,685,707]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" refString="Rodrigues, M. T. (1987) Sistematica, ecologia e zoogeografia dos Tropidurus do grupo torquatus ao sul do rio Amazonas (Sauria, Iguanidae). Arquivos de Zoologia, 31 (3), 105 - 230." type="journal article" year="1987">Rodrigues (1987)</bibRefCitation>
, based on Wied’s itinerary. 
<typeStatus id="F07090F9FFF1FFE6FCDEFD6DE328FD0C" box="[797,885,686,707]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
, MZUSP 54907, from Lagoa do Paulista, Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park, designated by 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF1FFE6FDA2FD08E34AFD2D" author="Rodrigues" box="[609,791,715,738]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" refString="Rodrigues, M. T. (1987) Sistematica, ecologia e zoogeografia dos Tropidurus do grupo torquatus ao sul do rio Amazonas (Sauria, Iguanidae). Arquivos de Zoologia, 31 (3), 105 - 230." type="journal article" year="1987">Rodrigues (1987)</bibRefCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF1FFE6FF54FD28E46FFCCE" blockId="19.[151,1436,654,1075]" box="[151,1074,746,769]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0FDB0975FFF1FFE6FF54FD28E46FFCCE" box="[151,1074,746,769]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF1FFE6FF54FD28E217FCCF" authority="Lichtenstein, 1822: 243" authorityName="Lichtenstein" authorityPageNumber="243" authorityYear="1822" box="[151,586,746,768]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="operculata">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FF54FD28E10FFCCF" box="[151,338,746,768]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">Agama operculata</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="AE6A084AFFF1FFE6FE9BFD29E217FCCF" author="Lichtenstein" box="[344,586,746,768]" page="243" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" year="1822">
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF1FFE6FE9BFD29E24AFCCF" author="Lichtenstein" box="[344,535,746,768]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" refString="Lichtenstein, M. H. K. (1822) Die Werke von Marcgrave und Piso uber die Naturgeschichte Brasiliens Erlautert aus den wieder aufgefundenen. Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1820 - 1821, 237 - 254." type="book chapter" year="1822">
<collectingCountry id="57DC6ECBFFF1FFE6FE9BFD29E185FCCF" box="[344,472,746,768]" name="Liechtenstein" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">Lichtenstein</collectingCountry>
, 1822
</bibRefCitation>
: 243
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
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locality: not given (fide 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF1FFE6FC42FD29E47BFCCE" author="Rodrigues" box="[897,1062,746,769]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" refString="Rodrigues, M. T. (1987) Sistematica, ecologia e zoogeografia dos Tropidurus do grupo torquatus ao sul do rio Amazonas (Sauria, Iguanidae). Arquivos de Zoologia, 31 (3), 105 - 230." type="journal article" year="1987">Rodrigues 1987</bibRefCitation>
).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF1FFE6FF54FCC9E40EFCD0" blockId="19.[151,1436,654,1075]" box="[151,1107,777,799]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0FDB0975FFF1FFE6FF54FCC9E40EFCD0" box="[151,1107,777,799]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF1FFE6FF54FCC9E258FCD0" authority="Raddi, 1822: 59" authorityName="Raddi" authorityPageNumber="59" authorityYear="1822" box="[151,517,777,799]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FF54FCC9E107FCD0" box="[151,346,777,799]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">Agama brasiliensis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="AE6A084AFFF1FFE6FEA3FCCAE258FCD0" author="Raddi" box="[352,517,777,799]" page="59" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" year="1822">
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF1FFE6FEA3FCCAE182FCD0" author="Raddi" box="[352,479,777,799]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" refString="Raddi, G. (1822) Continuazione della descrizione dei rettili brasiliani indicati nella memoria inseriata nel secondo fascicolo delle memorie di fisica del precedente volume XVIII. Atti della Societa Italiana delle Scienze, 19, 53 - 73." type="book chapter" year="1822">Raddi, 1822</bibRefCitation>
: 59
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<typeStatus id="F07090F9FFF1FFE6FDD6FCC9E21AFCD0" box="[533,583,778,799]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">Type</typeStatus>
locality: surroundings of the city of Rio de Janeiro.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF1FFE6FF54FCEAE1ADFC92" blockId="19.[151,1436,654,1075]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0FDB0975FFF1FFE6FF54FCEAE1ADFC92" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF1FFE6FF54FCEAE1A7FCF2" authority="Spix, 1825: 12" authorityName="Spix" authorityPageNumber="12" authorityYear="1825" box="[151,506,808,830]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FF54FCEAE107FCF1" box="[151,346,808,830]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">Agama tuberculata</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="AE6A084AFFF1FFE6FEA2FCEBE1A7FCF2" author="Spix" box="[353,506,808,830]" page="12" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" year="1825">
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF1FFE6FEA2FCEBE18EFCF1" author="Spix" box="[353,467,808,830]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" refString="Spix, J. B. (1825) Animalia nova sive species nova lacertarum quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX jussu et auspicius Maximiliani Josephi I Bavariae Regis suscepto collegit et descripsit Dr. J. B. de Spix. T. O. Weigel, Lipsiae, 26 pp." type="book" year="1825">Spix, 1825</bibRefCitation>
: 12
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<typeStatus id="F07090F9FFF1FFE6FDC6FCEAE26AFCF1" box="[517,567,809,830]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">Type</typeStatus>
locality: States of Rio de Janeiro and Bahia. 
<typeStatus id="F07090F9FFF1FFE6FBC4FCEAE432FCF1" box="[1031,1135,809,830]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
, ZSMH 531/0, designated by 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF1FFE6FF04FC85E1B1FC92" author="Hoogmoed" box="[199,492,838,861]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" refString="Hoogmoed, M. S. &amp; Gruber, U. (1983) Spix and Wagler type specimens of reptiles and amphibians in the Natural History Musea in Munich (Germany) and Leiden (The Netherlands). Spixiana, supplement, 9, 319 - 415." type="journal article" year="1983">Hoogmoed &amp; Gruber (1983)</bibRefCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF1FFE6FF54FCA5E2FBFCB4" blockId="19.[151,1436,654,1075]" box="[151,678,869,891]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FF54FCA5E098FCB4" box="[151,197,870,891]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">Trop</emphasis>
[idurus] 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF1FFE6FEDFFCA6E1C8FCB4" box="[284,405,869,891]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FEDFFCA6E1C8FCB4" box="[284,405,869,891]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">Tuberculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF1FFE6FE73FCA6E27FFCB5" author="Gray" box="[432,546,869,890]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" refString="Gray, J. E. (1831) A synopsis of the species of the Class Reptilia. In: Griffith, E. (Ed.), The Animal Kingdon arranged by the Baron Cuvier. Whittaker and Co., London, pp. 1 - 110." type="book chapter" year="1831">Gray, 1831</bibRefCitation>
: 41 (
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FD97FCA5E2C5FCB4" box="[596,664,870,891]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">partim</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF1FFE6FF54FC47E2C7FC56" blockId="19.[151,1436,654,1075]" box="[151,666,899,922]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF1FFE6FF54FC47E130FC55" box="[151,365,900,922]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FF54FC47E130FC55" box="[151,365,900,922]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">Tropidurus torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Wied-Neuwiedi, 1825: 139
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF1FFE6FF54FC61E34FFC77" blockId="19.[151,1436,654,1075]" box="[151,786,930,952]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0FDB0975FFF1FFE6FF54FC61E34FFC77" box="[151,786,930,952]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF1FFE6FF54FC61E12AFC77" box="[151,375,930,952]" class="Reptilia" family="Polychrotidae" genus="Ecphymotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FF54FC61E12AFC77" box="[151,375,930,952]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">Ecphymotes torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="AE6A084AFFF1FFE6FE52FC61E2E5FC77" author="Dumeril" box="[401,696,930,952]" page="344" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" year="1837">
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF1FFE6FE52FC61E2D0FC77" author="Dumeril" box="[401,653,930,952]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" refString="Dumeril, A. M. C. &amp; Bibron, G. (1837) Erpetologie generale ou Histoire naturelle complete des Reptiles, 4. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 571 pp." type="book" year="1837">Duméril &amp; Bibron, 1837</bibRefCitation>
:344
</treatmentCitation>
(
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FD04FC60E356FC77" box="[711,779,931,952]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">partim</emphasis>
)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF1FFE6FF54FC02E352FC39" blockId="19.[151,1436,654,1075]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0FDB0975FFF1FFE6FF54FC02E352FC39" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF1FFE6FF54FC02E232FC18" authority="Fitzinger, 1843: 72" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityPageNumber="72" authorityYear="1843" box="[151,623,961,983]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microlepidotus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FF54FC02E1FEFC18" box="[151,419,961,983]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">Tropidurus microlepidotus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="AE6A084AFFF1FFE6FE68FC02E232FC18" author="Fitzinger" box="[427,623,961,983]" page="72" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" year="1843">
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF1FFE6FE68FC02E214FC18" author="Fitzinger" box="[427,585,961,983]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" refString="Fitzinger, L. (1843) Systema Reptilium. Fasciculus primus. Amblyglossae. Braumuller et Seidel, Wien, 106 pp." type="book" year="1843">Fitzinger, 1843</bibRefCitation>
: 72
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<typeStatus id="F07090F9FFF1FFE6FDB9FC01E2F1FC18" box="[634,684,962,983]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">Type</typeStatus>
locality: not given. Restricted to the State of Rio de Janeiro, according to the itinerary of the frigate Novara (fide 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF1FFE6FD9BFC23E359FC39" author="Rodrigues" box="[600,772,992,1014]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" refString="Rodrigues, M. T. (1987) Sistematica, ecologia e zoogeografia dos Tropidurus do grupo torquatus ao sul do rio Amazonas (Sauria, Iguanidae). Arquivos de Zoologia, 31 (3), 105 - 230." type="journal article" year="1987">Rodrigues, 1987</bibRefCitation>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF1FFE6FF54FBC3E3D7FBDB" blockId="19.[151,1436,654,1075]" box="[151,906,1022,1045]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0FDB0975FFF1FFE6FF54FBC3E3D7FBDB" box="[151,906,1022,1045]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF1FFE6FF54FBC3E25BFBDB" ID-CoL="54TVL" authority="Gray, 1845: 220" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="220" authorityYear="1845" box="[151,518,1022,1045]" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Taraguira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FF54FBC3E104FBDA" box="[151,345,1023,1045]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">Taraguira darwinii</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="AE6A084AFFF1FFE6FE9CFC3CE25BFBDB" author="Gray" box="[351,518,1022,1044]" page="220" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" year="1845">
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF1FFE6FE9CFC3CE189FBDB" author="Gray" box="[351,468,1022,1044]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" refString="Gray, J. E. (1845) Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. Trustees of the British Museum, London, xxviii + 289 pp." type="book" year="1845">Gray, 1845</bibRefCitation>
: 220
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<typeStatus id="F07090F9FFF1FFE6FDCCFC3CE21CFBDB" box="[527,577,1023,1044]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">Type</typeStatus>
locality: Abrolhos Archipelago.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF1FFE6FF54FBDEE2D4FBFC" blockId="19.[151,1436,654,1075]" box="[151,649,1053,1075]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0FDB0975FFF1FFE6FF54FBDEE2D4FBFC" box="[151,649,1053,1075]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF1FFE6FF54FBDEE18EFBFC" box="[151,467,1053,1075]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="torquatus" subSpecies="torquatus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FF54FBDEE18EFBFC" box="[151,467,1053,1075]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">Tropidurus torquatus torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="AE6A084AFFF1FFE6FE2DFBDEE2D8FBFC" author="Cei" box="[494,645,1053,1075]" page="316" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF1FFE6FE2DFBDEE20FFBFD" author="Cei" box="[494,594,1053,1075]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" refString="Cei, J. M. (1993) Reptiles del Noroeste, Nordeste y Este de la Argentina - Herpetofauna de las Selvas Subtropicales, Puna y Pampas. Monografia XIV, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Italia, 950 pp." type="book" year="1993">Cei, 1993</bibRefCitation>
: 316
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF1FFE6FF54FBA3E259FB70" blockId="19.[151,1436,1119,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FF54FBA3E15DFBB7" bold="true" box="[151,256,1120,1144]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">
<typeStatus id="F07090F9FFF1FFE6FF54FBA3E0A6FBB7" box="[151,251,1120,1144]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
MZUSP 54907; sex not informed; from Lagoa do Paulista, Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba, north coast of the State of Rio de Janeiro (
<geoCoordinate id="4AFF489CFFF1FFE6FDBDFB47E286FB53" box="[638,731,1156,1180]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" precision="925" value="-22.233334">22°14’S</geoCoordinate>
e 
<geoCoordinate id="4AFF489CFFF1FFE6FD3BFB47E33EFB53" box="[760,867,1156,1180]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" precision="925" value="-41.55">41°33’W</geoCoordinate>
); collected 
<date id="5B75089BFFF1FFE6FC24FB47E4E2FB53" box="[999,1215,1156,1180]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" value="1979-12-15">15 December 1979</date>
by P. E. Vanzolini; designated by 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF1FFE6FEFAFB64E25DFB70" author="Rodrigues" box="[313,512,1191,1215]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" refString="Rodrigues, M. T. (1987) Sistematica, ecologia e zoogeografia dos Tropidurus do grupo torquatus ao sul do rio Amazonas (Sauria, Iguanidae). Arquivos de Zoologia, 31 (3), 105 - 230." type="journal article" year="1987">Rodrigues (1987)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="67D17DD0FFF1FFE6FF04FB08E15EF9CB" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF1FFE6FF04FB08E15EF9CB" blockId="19.[151,1436,1119,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FF04FB08E11CFB2B" bold="true" box="[199,321,1227,1252]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF1FFE6FE89FB0FE264FB2B" box="[330,569,1228,1252]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FE89FB0FE264FB2B" box="[330,569,1228,1252]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">Tropidurus torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is diagnosable from all congeners, except those of the 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF1FFE6FB79FB0EE579FB2B" box="[1210,1316,1229,1252]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FB79FB0EE579FB2B" box="[1210,1316,1229,1252]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, by lacking a middorsal scale row and by having imbricate and keeled dorsal scales. From those of the 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF1FFE6FB20FB32E510FAC7" box="[1251,1357,1265,1288]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FB20FB32E510FAC7" box="[1251,1357,1265,1288]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, except for 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF1FFE6FED2FAD6E1E7FAE3" box="[273,442,1300,1324]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="catalanensis">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FED2FAD6E1E7FAE3" box="[273,442,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">T. catalanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF1FFE6FE30FAD6E229FAE3" box="[499,628,1300,1324]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imbituba" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FE30FAD6E229FAE3" box="[499,628,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">T. imbituba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="068C4F32FFF1FFE6FDBFFAD7E28AFAE3" box="[636,727,1300,1324]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FDBFFAD7E28AFAE3" bold="true" box="[636,727,1300,1324]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, it can be distinguished by having two mite pockets under the oblique neck fold, the upper pocket is well developed and the lower is poorly developed; two or three axillary pockets; and inguinal granular pocket present (
<typeStatus id="F07090F9FFF1FFE6FD05FA9FE2A5FABB" box="[710,760,1372,1396]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">type</typeStatus>
“A” 
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FCFCFA9EE320FABB" box="[831,893,1373,1396]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF1FFE6FC49FA9FE41BFABB" author="Rodrigues" box="[906,1094,1372,1396]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" refString="Rodrigues, M. T. (1987) Sistematica, ecologia e zoogeografia dos Tropidurus do grupo torquatus ao sul do rio Amazonas (Sauria, Iguanidae). Arquivos de Zoologia, 31 (3), 105 - 230." type="journal article" year="1987">Rodrigues 1987</bibRefCitation>
). 
<collectingCountry id="57DC6ECBFFF1FFE6FBA3FA9FE422FABB" box="[1120,1151,1372,1396]" name="American Samoa" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">As</collectingCountry>
presently recognized 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF1FFE6FA44FA9EE15CFA57" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FA44FA9EE15CFA57" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">T. torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF1FFE6FDEDFA42E288FA57" box="[558,725,1408,1432]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="catalanensis">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FDEDFA42E288FA57" box="[558,725,1408,1432]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">T. catalanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF1FFE6FCC9FA42E3D4FA57" box="[778,905,1408,1432]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imbituba">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FCC9FA42E3D4FA57" box="[778,905,1408,1432]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">T. imbituba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only on the base of coloration characters which are best developed on adult males. From 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF1FFE6FDB5FA66E37CFA73" box="[630,801,1444,1468]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="catalanensis">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FDB5FA66E37CFA73" box="[630,801,1444,1468]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">T. catalanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it differs in not having yellow coloration on chest and mental region, while from 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF1FFE6FE05FA0AE21AFA2F" box="[454,583,1480,1504]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imbituba">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FE05FA0AE21AFA2F" box="[454,583,1480,1504]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">T. imbituba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it differs in not having orange-bronze coloration on the venter and sides of the trunk.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="67D17DD0FFF1FFE0FF04F9CCE457F86F" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="434" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" type="description">
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF1FFE1FF04F9CCE401FEAB" blockId="19.[151,1436,1119,2013]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="433" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FF04F9CCE166F9E7" bold="true" box="[199,315,1551,1576]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">Variation.</emphasis>
Head length 20–25% of SVL; tail 57–64% of total length. Frontal scales of the head generally flat, eventually concave and, in this case, most frequently in males from 
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FC65F9F7E458F983" box="[934,1029,1588,1612]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">Cerrado</emphasis>
and the mountain ranges of Rio de Janeiro. Number of scales between the nasals 2–4; rostral contacting nasals in 25.4% of the specimens from 
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FF54F9BFE0ABF95B" box="[151,246,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">Cerrado</emphasis>
and in 60.6% and 70.6%, respectively, of specimens from coast and from the mountain ranges of Rio de Janeiro; 9–15 scales between rostral and interparietal; 2–4 scale rows of enlarged supraoculars, generally three; 6– 9 enlarged supraoculars in the first row of specimens from the coast and from the mountain ranges of Rio de Janeiro and 
<quantity id="E83383BEFFF1FFE6FEECF92BE1D1F8CF" box="[303,396,1768,1792]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.159" metricValueMax="2.794" metricValueMin="1.524" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" unit="in" value="8.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="6.0">6–11 in</quantity>
specimens from 
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FDA5F92BE298F8CF" box="[614,709,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">Cerrado</emphasis>
(examples of the supraocular scuttelation patterns in some populations are in 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF1FFE6FEABF8CFE240F8EB" author="Rodrigues" box="[360,541,1804,1828]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" refString="Rodrigues, M. T. (1987) Sistematica, ecologia e zoogeografia dos Tropidurus do grupo torquatus ao sul do rio Amazonas (Sauria, Iguanidae). Arquivos de Zoologia, 31 (3), 105 - 230." type="journal article" year="1987">Rodrigues 1987</bibRefCitation>
, p. 194, fig. 28C-H; 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF1FFE6FCCAF8CFE32EF8EB" author="Cei" box="[777,883,1804,1828]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" refString="Cei, J. M. (1993) Reptiles del Noroeste, Nordeste y Este de la Argentina - Herpetofauna de las Selvas Subtropicales, Puna y Pampas. Monografia XIV, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Italia, 950 pp." type="book" year="1993">Cei 1993</bibRefCitation>
, p. 319, fig. 49B; and 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF1FFE6FBB3F8CFE484F8EB" author="Cei" box="[1136,1241,1804,1828]" pageId="19" pageNumber="432" refString="Cei, J. M. (2003) Specific supraocular scutellation patterns as significant diagnostic characters: a taxonomic inter and intrageneric &quot; finger-print &quot; in Lacertilia. Facena, 19, 129 - 135." type="journal article" year="2003">Cei 2003</bibRefCitation>
, p. 135, fig. 2G); 4–7 supralabials to below the center of eye, generally 5, followed by 3–7 small elongated scales to the commissure of mouth; supralabials contacting subocular in 51.6% of specimens from the coast; in 82.4% of specimens from the mountain ranges of Rio de Janeiro; and in 41% of specimens from 
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF1FFE6FC1CF8BBE463F85F" box="[991,1086,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="432">Cerrado</emphasis>
; in the three cases, contact is generally with the 5th supralabial, or less frequently with the 4th, 6th or 7th; in some cases subocular is in contact with both 5th and 6th or 6th and 7th supralabials; 7–11 infralabials, generally 8–9; preauricular fringe with 5–8 spines (4–8 according to 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF6FFE1FEF0FF54E1B3FF60" author="Rodrigues" box="[307,494,151,175]" pageId="20" pageNumber="433" refString="Rodrigues, M. T. (1987) Sistematica, ecologia e zoogeografia dos Tropidurus do grupo torquatus ao sul do rio Amazonas (Sauria, Iguanidae). Arquivos de Zoologia, 31 (3), 105 - 230." type="journal article" year="1987">Rodrigues 1987</bibRefCitation>
), generally 6–7; 8–14 scales between the subocular and the preauricular fringe; mental generally triangular or polygonal in the coast and in the mountain ranges of Rio de Janeiro; mental generally presents a bell-like shape (laterally curved) in specimens of the 
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF6FFE1FBC1FF23E43CFF37" box="[1026,1121,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="433">Cerrado</emphasis>
group of populations; 3–5 postmentals (
<quantity id="E83383BEFFF6FFE1FEE8FEC7E12EFED3" box="[299,371,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="7.62" pageId="20" pageNumber="433" unit="in" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF6FFE1FEB9FEC7E26DFED3" author="Rodrigues" box="[378,560,260,284]" pageId="20" pageNumber="433" refString="Rodrigues, M. T. (1987) Sistematica, ecologia e zoogeografia dos Tropidurus do grupo torquatus ao sul do rio Amazonas (Sauria, Iguanidae). Arquivos de Zoologia, 31 (3), 105 - 230." type="journal article" year="1987">Rodrigues 1987</bibRefCitation>
); first postmentals contacting one another in 6.9% of specimens; 2–4 canthals, generally 3; 42–58 gular scales (51.1 ± 3.3, n=70) in specimens from 
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF6FFE1FC73FEEBE452FE8F" box="[944,1039,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="433">Cerrado</emphasis>
, 49–63 (57.6 ± 4.6, n=16) in those from the mountain ranges of Rio de Janeiro and 41–61 (49.4 ± 3.9, n=32) in the coast.
</paragraph>
<caption id="7BB47ED3FFF6FFE1FF54FBEAE093FB91" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247319/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="433" targetBox="[170,1407,549,983]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF6FFE1FF54FBEAE093FB91" blockId="20.[151,1436,1065,1118]" pageId="20" pageNumber="433">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF6FFE1FF54FBEAE17DFBF0" bold="true" box="[151,288,1065,1088]" pageId="20" pageNumber="433">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF6FFE1FEEBFBEAE25DFB8F" box="[296,512,1065,1088]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF6FFE1FEEBFBEAE25DFB8F" box="[296,512,1065,1088]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="433">Tropidurus torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Arraial do Cabo, north coast of Rio de Janeiro. Adult male (UFRGS 5756; SVL 70 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="7BB47ED3FFF6FFE1FF54F872E469F82A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247320/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="433" targetBox="[151,1435,1169,1947]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF6FFE1FF54F872E469F82A" blockId="20.[151,1436,1969,2021]" pageId="20" pageNumber="433">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF6FFE1FF54F872E17DF809" bold="true" box="[151,288,1969,1992]" pageId="20" pageNumber="433">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF6FFE1FEE4F872E1A3F808" box="[295,510,1969,1991]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF6FFE1FEE4F872E1A3F808" box="[295,510,1969,1991]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="433">Tropidurus torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Comendador Levy Gasparian, mountain ranges of Rio de Janeiro, near to the border with Minas Gerais. Adult male (UFRGS 5829; SVL 126.6 mm). Photo by Rafael Balestrin.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="7BB47ED3FFF7FFE0FF54FBCAE503FBD0" box="[151,1374,1033,1056]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247321/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="434" targetBox="[151,1435,194,1010]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF7FFE0FF54FBCAE503FBD0" blockId="21.[151,1374,1033,1056]" box="[151,1374,1033,1056]" pageId="21" pageNumber="434">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF7FFE0FF54FBCAE17DFBD0" bold="true" box="[151,288,1033,1056]" pageId="21" pageNumber="434">FIGURE 20.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF7FFE0FEE6FBCAE1A1FBEF" box="[293,508,1033,1056]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="434" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF7FFE0FEE6FBCAE1A1FBEF" box="[293,508,1033,1056]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="434">Tropidurus torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Brasília National Park, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Central Brazil (not collected).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF7FFE0FF04FB8EE505FA03" blockId="21.[151,1436,1100,2024]" pageId="21" pageNumber="434">
Two mite pockets under the oblique neck fold, the upper pocket is well developed and the lower is poorly developed; antehumeral fold present; two or three axillary pockets; inguinal granular pocket present; 26–35 subdigital lamellae on the fourth toe; 17–33 scales on the dorsum of tibia (
<quantity id="E83383BEFFF7FFE0FC11FB57E46AFB63" box="[978,1079,1172,1196]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.731" metricValueMax="8.382" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="21" pageNumber="434" unit="in" value="26.5" valueMax="33.0" valueMin="20.0">20–33 in</quantity>
the coastal populations and 
<quantity id="E83383BEFFF7FFE0FAB1FB57E08FFB1F" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.207" metricValueMax="6.096" metricValueMin="4.318" pageId="21" pageNumber="434" unit="in" value="20.5" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="17.0">17– 24 in</quantity>
those from 
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF7FFE0FE9EFB7BE1E1FB1F" box="[349,444,1208,1232]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="434">Cerrado</emphasis>
and the mountain ranges of Rio de Janeiro). Dorsals imbricate, mucronate and keeled, 95–140 (89–144 according to 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF7FFE0FE3BFB1FE2EFFB3B" author="Rodrigues" box="[504,690,1244,1268]" pageId="21" pageNumber="434" refString="Rodrigues, M. T. (1987) Sistematica, ecologia e zoogeografia dos Tropidurus do grupo torquatus ao sul do rio Amazonas (Sauria, Iguanidae). Arquivos de Zoologia, 31 (3), 105 - 230." type="journal article" year="1987">Rodrigues 1987</bibRefCitation>
); 
<quantity id="E83383BEFFF7FFE0FD09FB1FE362FB3B" box="[714,831,1244,1268]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7939999999999996" metricValueMax="3.175" metricValueMin="2.413" pageId="21" pageNumber="434" unit="in" value="110.0" valueMax="125.0" valueMin="95.0">95–125 in</quantity>
coastal populations (
<quantity id="E83383BEFFF7FFE0FBFBFB1FE4E1FB3B" box="[1080,1212,1244,1268]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8320999999999996" metricValueMax="3.0734000000000004" metricValueMin="2.5907999999999998" pageId="21" pageNumber="434" unit="in" value="111.5" valueMax="121.0" valueMin="102.0">102–121 in</quantity>
males, 
<quantity id="E83383BEFFF7FFE0FAD9FB1FE5C1FB3B" box="[1306,1436,1244,1268]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7559000000000005" metricValueMax="2.9210000000000003" metricValueMin="2.5907999999999998" pageId="21" pageNumber="434" unit="in" value="108.5" valueMax="115.0" valueMin="102.0">102–115 in</quantity>
females; we couldn’t determine the sex of the specimen MHNCI 3648, a juvenile from Ilhéus, Bahia, which presents 95 dorsals, the lowest value considering all analyzed groups); 
<quantity id="E83383BEFFF7FFE0FC7EFAE7E460FAF3" box="[957,1085,1316,1340]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1369" metricValueMax="3.556" metricValueMin="2.7178" pageId="21" pageNumber="434" unit="in" value="123.5" valueMax="140.0" valueMin="107.0">107–140 in</quantity>
the mountain ranges of Rio de Janeiro (
<quantity id="E83383BEFFF7FFE0FF3AFA8BE121FAAF" box="[249,380,1352,1376]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9844999999999997" metricValueMax="3.2512" metricValueMin="2.7178" pageId="21" pageNumber="434" unit="in" value="117.5" valueMax="128.0" valueMin="107.0">107–128 in</quantity>
males, 
<quantity id="E83383BEFFF7FFE0FE14FA8BE205FAAF" box="[471,600,1352,1376]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3528" metricValueMax="3.556" metricValueMin="3.1496" pageId="21" pageNumber="434" unit="in" value="132.0" valueMax="140.0" valueMin="124.0">124–140 in</quantity>
females); 
<quantity id="E83383BEFFF7FFE0FD11FA8BE309FAAF" box="[722,852,1352,1376]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9972" metricValueMax="3.4543999999999997" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="21" pageNumber="434" unit="in" value="118.0" valueMax="136.0" valueMin="100.0">100–136 in</quantity>
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF7FFE0FC9FFA8BE3E6FAAF" box="[860,955,1352,1376]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="434">Cerrado</emphasis>
(
<quantity id="E83383BEFFF7FFE0FC0EFA8BE412FAAF" box="[973,1103,1352,1376]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7939999999999996" metricValueMax="3.048" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="21" pageNumber="434" unit="in" value="110.0" valueMax="120.0" valueMin="100.0">100–120 in</quantity>
males, 
<quantity id="E83383BEFFF7FFE0FB69FA8BE576FAAF" box="[1194,1323,1352,1376]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0225999999999997" metricValueMax="3.4543999999999997" metricValueMin="2.5907999999999998" pageId="21" pageNumber="434" unit="in" value="119.0" valueMax="136.0" valueMin="102.0">102–136 in</quantity>
females). 86–130 scale rows around midbody (76–143 according to 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF7FFE0FCE1FAAFE385FA4B" author="Rodrigues" box="[802,984,1388,1412]" pageId="21" pageNumber="434" refString="Rodrigues, M. T. (1987) Sistematica, ecologia e zoogeografia dos Tropidurus do grupo torquatus ao sul do rio Amazonas (Sauria, Iguanidae). Arquivos de Zoologia, 31 (3), 105 - 230." type="journal article" year="1987">Rodrigues 1987</bibRefCitation>
); 
<quantity id="E83383BEFFF7FFE0FC28FAAFE406FA4B" box="[1003,1115,1388,1412]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6543" metricValueMax="2.9718" metricValueMin="2.3368" pageId="21" pageNumber="434" unit="in" value="104.5" valueMax="117.0" valueMin="92.0">92–117 in</quantity>
coastal populations (
<quantity id="E83383BEFFF7FFE0FA84FAAFE0F0FA67" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6543" metricValueMax="2.9718" metricValueMin="2.3368" pageId="21" pageNumber="434" unit="in" value="104.5" valueMax="117.0" valueMin="92.0">92–117 in</quantity>
males, 
<quantity id="E83383BEFFF7FFE0FEC6FA53E1D9FA67" box="[261,388,1424,1448]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7813" metricValueMax="2.9718" metricValueMin="2.5907999999999998" pageId="21" pageNumber="434" unit="in" value="109.5" valueMax="117.0" valueMin="102.0">102–117 in</quantity>
females); 
<quantity id="E83383BEFFF7FFE0FE3FFA53E221FA67" box="[508,636,1424,1448]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.921" metricValueMax="3.3019999999999996" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="21" pageNumber="434" unit="in" value="115.0" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="100.0">100–130 in</quantity>
the mountain ranges of Rio de Janeiro (
<quantity id="E83383BEFFF7FFE0FB87FA53E499FA67" box="[1092,1220,1424,1448]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7813" metricValueMax="3.0225999999999997" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="21" pageNumber="434" unit="in" value="109.5" valueMax="119.0" valueMin="100.0">100–119 in</quantity>
males, 
<quantity id="E83383BEFFF7FFE0FADFFA53E5C1FA67" box="[1308,1436,1424,1448]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2131" metricValueMax="3.3019999999999996" metricValueMin="3.1242" pageId="21" pageNumber="434" unit="in" value="126.5" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="123.0">123–130 in</quantity>
females); 
<quantity id="E83383BEFFF7FFE0FEC5FA77E12BFA03" box="[262,374,1460,1484]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" metricValueMax="2.8956" metricValueMin="2.1844" pageId="21" pageNumber="434" unit="in" value="100.0" valueMax="114.0" valueMin="86.0">86–114 in</quantity>
specimens from 
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF7FFE0FDF5FA76E2C8FA02" box="[566,661,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="434">Cerrado</emphasis>
(
<quantity id="E83383BEFFF7FFE0FD67FA77E34BFA03" box="[676,790,1460,1484]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4257" metricValueMax="2.667" metricValueMin="2.1844" pageId="21" pageNumber="434" unit="in" value="95.5" valueMax="105.0" valueMin="86.0">86–105 in</quantity>
males, 
<quantity id="E83383BEFFF7FFE0FCAFFA77E381FA03" box="[876,988,1460,1484]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6035" metricValueMax="2.8956" metricValueMin="2.3114" pageId="21" pageNumber="434" unit="in" value="102.5" valueMax="114.0" valueMin="91.0">91–114 in</quantity>
females). 70–97 smooth ventrals.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF7FFE0FF04FA1BE457F86F" blockId="21.[151,1436,1100,2024]" pageId="21" pageNumber="434">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF7FFE0FF04FA1BE102FA3E" bold="true" box="[199,351,1496,1521]" pageId="21" pageNumber="434">Color in life.</emphasis>
The dorsal pattern in coastal populations is light gray with a very variable pattern of white and dark spots (
<figureCitation id="B7F032DEFFF7FFE0FED4FA3FE1D5F9DB" box="[279,392,1532,1556]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1065,1088]" captionTargetBox="[170,1407,549,983]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1435,410,1044]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 18. Tropidurus torquatus from Arraial do Cabo, north coast of Rio de Janeiro. Adult male (UFRGS 5756; SVL 70 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247319/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="434">Figure 18</figureCitation>
). In the populations from the mountain ranges of Rio de Janeiro and 
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF7FFE0FB45FA3EE4B8F9DA" box="[1158,1253,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="434">Cerrado</emphasis>
, ground color is browner or greenish. Those from the mountain ranges of Rio de Janeiro are very dimorphic in coloration, adult males showing numerous black and cream spots (
<figureCitation id="B7F032DEFFF7FFE0FD7DF987E370F993" box="[702,813,1604,1628]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1969,1992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1169,1947]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1435,1169,1947]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 19. Tropidurus torquatus from Comendador Levy Gasparian, mountain ranges of Rio de Janeiro, near to the border with Minas Gerais. Adult male (UFRGS 5829; SVL 126.6 mm). Photo by Rafael Balestrin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247320/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="434">Figure 19</figureCitation>
), while females are almost uniform gray or brown, with few spots. A black antehumeral band occupying 5–15 scale rows in coastal populations, separated or not from the opposite one by up to 25 scales (mean 14,2 ± 5,9); this band occupies 5–13 scale rows in specimens from the mountain ranges of Rio de Janeiro and is separated or not from its opposite one by up to 18 scales (11,5 ± 6,3); and 3–10 scale rows, separated or not from its opposite one by up to 18 scales (10,2 ± 5,4) in specimens from 
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF7FFE0FAF5F916E5C8F922" box="[1334,1429,1749,1773]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="434">Cerrado</emphasis>
. Venter white or cream. Adult males whit femoral and preanal patches of black pigmented glandular scales. Presence of midventral patches variable in specimens of all populations analyzed but usually present in the largest males (
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF7FFE0FF24F883E1EFF8B3" author="Rodrigues" pageId="21" pageNumber="434" refString="Rodrigues, M. T. (1987) Sistematica, ecologia e zoogeografia dos Tropidurus do grupo torquatus ao sul do rio Amazonas (Sauria, Iguanidae). Arquivos de Zoologia, 31 (3), 105 - 230." type="journal article" year="1987">Rodrigues 1987 stated that this condition was variable only in the coastal populations and always present in the “inland” populations</bibRefCitation>
). Adults with black gular patches, more developed in males. 
<collectingCountry id="57DC6ECBFFF7FFE0FBACF8A7E4F8F8B3" box="[1135,1189,1892,1916]" name="China" pageId="21" pageNumber="434">Chin</collectingCountry>
white or cream, with dark reticulations enclosing white or cream blotches more evident in juveniles.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="67D17DD0FFF7FFE3FF04F86FE101FF38" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="435" pageId="21" pageNumber="434" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF7FFE3FF04F86FE101FF38" blockId="21.[151,1436,1100,2024]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1437,151,2012]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="435" pageId="21" pageNumber="434">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF7FFE0FF04F86FE13DF80A" bold="true" box="[199,352,1964,1989]" pageId="21" pageNumber="434">Distribution.</emphasis>
From north and northwestern state of São Paulo, northward to the limits of the Cerrado formations in Tocantins. West to Mato Grosso and east it reaches the coast from the city of Rio de Janeiro to Bahia (about 
<quantity id="E83383BEFFF4FFE3FF25FF54E173FF60" box="[230,302,151,175]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
south of 
<collectingCountry id="57DC6ECBFFF4FFE3FE5AFF54E1A3FF60" box="[409,510,151,175]" name="El Salvador" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">Salvador</collectingCountry>
, according to 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF4FFE3FD5CFF54E30BFF60" author="Rodrigues" box="[671,854,151,175]" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" refString="Rodrigues, M. T. (1987) Sistematica, ecologia e zoogeografia dos Tropidurus do grupo torquatus ao sul do rio Amazonas (Sauria, Iguanidae). Arquivos de Zoologia, 31 (3), 105 - 230." type="journal article" year="1987">Rodrigues 1987</bibRefCitation>
). Recently the species was reported for the coast of São Paulo but it was considered a recent occupation as a result of the human expansion in areas along the coast (
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF4FFE3FAB9FF7FE10DFF38" author="De" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" refString="De Sena, M. A., Cassimiro, J., David, C. J., Da Silva, J. G &amp; Rodrigues, M. T. (2008) Tropidurus torquatus. Geographic distribution. Herpetological review, 39, 369." type="journal article" year="2008">
<collectingCountry id="57DC6ECBFFF4FFE3FAB9FF7FE5C1FF1B" box="[1402,1436,188,212]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">De</collectingCountry>
Sena 
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF4FFE3FF17FF22E158FF37" box="[212,261,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="67D17DD0FFF4FFE2FF04FEC7E3A7F99F" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="436" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF4FFE3FF04FEC7E302FE3B" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF4FFE3FF04FEC7E166FED3" bold="true" box="[199,315,260,284]" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">Remarks.</emphasis>
At least three forms are included under 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF4FFE3FCC0FEC7E3ADFED3" box="[771,1008,260,284]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF4FFE3FCC0FEC7E3ADFED3" box="[771,1008,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">Tropidurus torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. From east to west, a group of lizards inhabits mainly the coastal 
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF4FFE3FE08FEEAE26CFE8F" box="[459,561,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">restingas</emphasis>
from Bahia to Rio de Janeiro. This form corresponds to 
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF4FFE3FB6CFEEBE179FEAB" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF4FFE3FB6CFEEBE082FEAB" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="torquatus" subSpecies="strictu">Tropidurus torquatus strictu</taxonomicName>
sensu
</emphasis>
, since the species was described based on lizards from these populations. There is another form in the mountainous region in the border of Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais. This region was, originally, predominantly covered with Atlantic Rainforest and it is supposed that these populations were originally restricted to open enclaves in the midst of forests, such as large rock outcrops. Westward, in the Brazilian central plateau, there is a third set of populations inhabiting mainly the Cerrado domains.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF4FFE3FF04FE3CE17EFD68" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">
Coastal populations from eastern 
<collectingCountry id="57DC6ECBFFF4FFE3FD88FE3CE2D2FDD8" box="[587,655,511,535]" name="Brazil" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">Brazil</collectingCountry>
seem to have a continuous distribution along the coastal 
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF4FFE3FAECFDC2E5CEFDD7" box="[1327,1427,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">restingas</emphasis>
, where these lizards are very abundant. However, these populations are not morphologically homogenous as evidenced by tibia counts, which shows clinal variation, diminishing from south to north. 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF4FFE3FB12FD84E5C1FD90" author="Rodrigues" box="[1233,1436,583,607]" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" refString="Rodrigues, M. T. (1987) Sistematica, ecologia e zoogeografia dos Tropidurus do grupo torquatus ao sul do rio Amazonas (Sauria, Iguanidae). Arquivos de Zoologia, 31 (3), 105 - 230." type="journal article" year="1987">Rodrigues (1987)</bibRefCitation>
provided a plausible explanation for the great variation found in the coastal populations, based on sea level fluctuations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF4FFE3FF04FD76E4B5FB0B" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">
It is important to note that the coastal distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF4FFE3FCDFFD76E3DBFD03" box="[796,902,693,716]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF4FFE3FCDFFD76E3DBFD03" box="[796,902,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes several islands and, there, most of the available habitats are rocks. One of these populations, from Abrolhos Archipelago, was described by 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF4FFE3FAD1FD14E5C1FD20" author="Gray" box="[1298,1436,727,751]" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" refString="Gray, J. E. (1845) Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. Trustees of the British Museum, London, xxviii + 289 pp." type="book" year="1845">Gray (1845)</bibRefCitation>
as 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF4FFE3FF76FD3EE1D6FCDB" box="[181,395,764,788]" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Taraguira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF4FFE3FF76FD3EE1D6FCDB" box="[181,395,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">Taraguira darwinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A difference between the saxicolous populations, including the insular ones, and the coastal sand-dwelling populations is the shape of the claws, thick and strongly curved in the saxicolous forms and long and thin in the psammophilous forms. However, some specimens collected in the coast in habitats other than the 
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF4FFE3FF54FCAAE0A0FC4F" box="[151,253,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">restingas</emphasis>
also presented thicker claws, although all other characteristics are still identical to those from the 
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF4FFE3FF54FC4EE0A0FC6B" box="[151,253,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">restingas</emphasis>
. Therefore, it is a much variable characteristic with little value in understanding differentiation patterns, as already noted by 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF4FFE3FE4DFC6CE201FC08" author="Rodrigues" box="[398,604,943,967]" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" refString="Rodrigues, M. T. (1987) Sistematica, ecologia e zoogeografia dos Tropidurus do grupo torquatus ao sul do rio Amazonas (Sauria, Iguanidae). Arquivos de Zoologia, 31 (3), 105 - 230." type="journal article" year="1987">Rodrigues (1987)</bibRefCitation>
. Rodrigues found lizards with long and thin claws only in the coast. However, we found lizards with this character in our group from Central 
<collectingCountry id="57DC6ECBFFF4FFE3FBEEFC17E42CFC23" box="[1069,1137,980,1004]" name="Brazil" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF4FFE3FB49FC17E4B4FC23" box="[1162,1257,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">Cerrado</emphasis>
group). These populations are probably the most generalist form in relation to habitat use and seem to have a continuous distribution in this broad area, which can explain the relative homogeneity of this group. In many areas of Cerrado, 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF4FFE3FF54FB82E142FB97" box="[151,287,1089,1112]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF4FFE3FF54FB82E142FB97" box="[151,287,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">T. torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
uses tree trunks, termite mounds, and even urban areas as much as, or more frequently than rocks (
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF4FFE3FF5DFBA7E106FBB3" author="Rodrigues" box="[158,347,1124,1148]" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" refString="Rodrigues, M. T. (1987) Sistematica, ecologia e zoogeografia dos Tropidurus do grupo torquatus ao sul do rio Amazonas (Sauria, Iguanidae). Arquivos de Zoologia, 31 (3), 105 - 230." type="journal article" year="1987">Rodrigues 1987</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF4FFE3FEAFFBA7E241FBB3" author="Nogueira" box="[364,540,1124,1148]" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" refString="Nogueira, C. (2006) Diversidade e padroes de distribuicao da fauna de lagartos do Cerrado. Ph. D. Thesis. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 295 pp." type="book" year="2006">Nogueira 2006</bibRefCitation>
; personal observations). According to 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF4FFE3FC2BFBA7E4AFFBB3" box="[1000,1266,1124,1148]" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" refString="Nogueira, C., Valdujo, P. H. &amp; Franca, F. G. R. (2005) Habitat variation and lizard diversity in a Cerrado area of Central Brazil. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 40 (2), 105 - 112. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650520500129901" type="journal article">
Nogueira 
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF4FFE3FB9EFBA6E4C9FBB3" box="[1117,1172,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">et al</emphasis>
. (2005)
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF4FFE3FAF7FBA7E0B9FB6F" author="Nogueira" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" refString="Nogueira, C. (2006) Diversidade e padroes de distribuicao da fauna de lagartos do Cerrado. Ph. D. Thesis. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 295 pp." type="book" year="2006">Nogueira (2006)</bibRefCitation>
, the Cerrado populations of 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF4FFE3FDECFB4AE2EAFB6F" box="[559,695,1161,1184]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF4FFE3FDECFB4AE2EAFB6F" box="[559,695,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">T. torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are associated with the border of galery forests, where they use mainly tree trunks, rarely occurring in the large and continuous areas of open Cerrados (savannas).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF4FFE3FF04FB0CE126FA2B" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF4FFE3FF04FB0CE2EBFB27" bold="true" box="[199,694,1231,1256]" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">Taxonomic and biogeographic comments.</emphasis>
In the first taxonomic revision of the 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF4FFE3FBA3FB13E511FB27" box="[1120,1356,1232,1256]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF4FFE3FBA3FB13E511FB27" box="[1120,1356,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">Tropidurus torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF4FFE3FF54FB37E106FAC3" author="Rodrigues" box="[151,347,1268,1292]" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" refString="Rodrigues, M. T. (1987) Sistematica, ecologia e zoogeografia dos Tropidurus do grupo torquatus ao sul do rio Amazonas (Sauria, Iguanidae). Arquivos de Zoologia, 31 (3), 105 - 230." type="journal article" year="1987">Rodrigues (1987)</bibRefCitation>
noted morphological differences between the coastal populations of 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF4FFE3FBA3FB36E496FAC3" box="[1120,1227,1269,1292]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF4FFE3FBA3FB36E496FAC3" box="[1120,1227,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the remaining “inland” populations. However, as he could not find a geographic structure for all the variation found, he preferred to keep them as a single species. This author based his analysis on the sympatric occurrence of lizards with distinct fold and pocket patterns, delimiting very large and heterogeneous areas of simpatry, as he pointed out. Besides lacking a representative group of the southernmost populations attributable to 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF4FFE3FBF7FA46E4C3FA53" box="[1076,1182,1413,1436]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF4FFE3FBF7FA46E4C3FA53" box="[1076,1182,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the joint analysis of morphologically distinct populations, grouped within large sympatry areas, may have prevented the recognition of geographic patterns.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF4FFE3FF04FA33E24BF813" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">
Geographic distribution of most 
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<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF4FFE3FD8BFA33E299F9C7" box="[584,708,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">Tropidurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, particularly those in the 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF4FFE3FB94FA32E49CF9C7" box="[1111,1217,1521,1544]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF4FFE3FB94FA32E49CF9C7" box="[1111,1217,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, is strongly associated to the great South American diagonal of open formations (from northeast to southwest, respectively, the Caatinga, Cerrado and Chaco) (
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF4FFE3FDC7F9FBE2EBF99F" author="Vanzolini" box="[516,694,1592,1616]" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" refString="Vanzolini, P. E. (1972) Miscellaneous notes on the ecology of some brasilian lizards (Sauria). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 26, 83 - 115." type="journal article" year="1972">Vanzolini 1972</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF4FFE3FD07F9FBE2A2F99F" author="Vanzolini" box="[708,767,1592,1616]" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" refString="Vanzolini, P. E. (1974) Ecological and geographical distribution of lizards in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil (Sauria). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 28, 61 - 90." type="journal article" year="1974">1974</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF4FFE3FCCDF9FBE39BF99F" author="Rodrigues" box="[782,966,1592,1616]" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" refString="Rodrigues, M. T. (1987) Sistematica, ecologia e zoogeografia dos Tropidurus do grupo torquatus ao sul do rio Amazonas (Sauria, Iguanidae). Arquivos de Zoologia, 31 (3), 105 - 230." type="journal article" year="1987">Rodrigues 1987</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF4FFE3FC16F9FBE42DF99F" author="Zanella" box="[981,1136,1592,1616]" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" refString="Zanella, F. C. V. (2010) Evolucao da biota da diagonal de formacoes abertas secas da America do Sul. In: Carvalho, C. J. B. &amp; Almeida, E. A. B. (Orgs.), Biogeografia da America do Sul: Padroes e Processos. Roca, Sao Paulo, pp. 198 - 220." type="book chapter" year="2010">Zanella 2010</bibRefCitation>
). Some evidences suggest recent speciation processes in the genus. 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF4FFE3FDB7F99EE39FF9BB" author="Harvey" box="[628,962,1628,1653]" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" refString="Harvey, M. B. &amp; Gutberlet Jr, R. L. (1998) Lizards of the genus Tropidurus (Iguania: Tropiduridae) from the Serrania de Huanchaca, Bolivia: new species, natural history, and a key to the genus. Herpetologica, 54 (4), 493 - 520." type="journal article" year="1998">Harvey and Gutberlet (1998)</bibRefCitation>
described three new 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF4FFE3FB06F99FE51CF9BB" box="[1221,1345,1628,1652]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF4FFE3FB06F99FE51CF9BB" box="[1221,1345,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">Tropidurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species from the Serranía de Huanchaca, 
<collectingCountry id="57DC6ECBFFF4FFE3FDEBF943E220F957" box="[552,637,1664,1688]" name="Bolivia" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
, an isolated mountain range overlapping the northeastern border of 
<collectingCountry id="57DC6ECBFFF4FFE3FF54F967E0B7F973" box="[151,234,1700,1724]" name="Bolivia" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="57DC6ECBFFF4FFE3FEE6F967E131F973" box="[293,364,1700,1724]" name="Brazil" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, in a transitional area between the Amazon and the Cerrado morphoclimatic domains. These authors suggested that their new species probably shared recent ancestors with 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF4FFE3FBD5F90BE4CFF92F" box="[1046,1170,1736,1760]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF4FFE3FBD5F90BE4CFF92F" box="[1046,1170,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">Tropidurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
currently distributed in open formations at low elevations along the Andes of 
<collectingCountry id="57DC6ECBFFF4FFE3FCC4F92FE32BF8CB" box="[775,886,1772,1796]" name="Argentina" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">Argentina</collectingCountry>
and southern 
<collectingCountry id="57DC6ECBFFF4FFE3FBD8F92FE42DF8CB" box="[1051,1136,1772,1796]" name="Bolivia" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
, forming pairs of possible sister species (
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF4FFE3FEF8F8D2E22BF8E7" box="[315,630,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF4FFE3FEF8F8D2E19AF8E7" box="[315,455,1808,1832]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="etheridgei">T. etheridgei</taxonomicName>
– 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF4FFE3FE14F8D3E22BF8E7" box="[471,630,1808,1832]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chromatops">T. chromatops</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF4FFE3FD47F8D2E455F8E7" authority="Boulenger, 1902" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1902" box="[644,1032,1808,1832]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopleurus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF4FFE3FD47F8D2E31BF8E7" box="[644,838,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">T. melanopleurus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF4FFE3FC8CF8D3E455F8E7" author="Boulenger" box="[847,1032,1808,1832]" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1902) Descriptions of new batrachians and reptiles from the Andes of Peru and Bolivia. The Annals and magazine of natural history, 10 (7), 394 - 402. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930208678691" type="journal article" year="1902">Boulenger, 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
– 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF4FFE3FBD4F8D2E092F883" authority="Harvey &amp; Gutberlet, 1998" authorityName="Harvey &amp; Gutberlet" authorityYear="1998" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="callathelys">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF4FFE3FBD4F8D2E4F1F8E7" box="[1047,1196,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">T. callathelys</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF4FFE3FB77F8D2E092F883" author="Harvey" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" refString="Harvey, M. B. &amp; Gutberlet Jr, R. L. (1998) Lizards of the genus Tropidurus (Iguania: Tropiduridae) from the Serrania de Huanchaca, Bolivia: new species, natural history, and a key to the genus. Herpetologica, 54 (4), 493 - 520." type="journal article" year="1998">Harvey &amp; Gutberlet, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF4FFE3FEC5F8F6E1C4F883" box="[262,409,1844,1868]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinulosus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF4FFE3FEC5F8F6E1C4F883" box="[262,409,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">T. spinulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[cope, 1862]– 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF4FFE3FDFFF8F6E446F883" authority="Harvey &amp; Gutberlet, 1998" authorityName="Harvey &amp; Gutberlet" authorityYear="1998" box="[572,1051,1844,1869]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthochilus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF4FFE3FDFFF8F6E2B5F883" box="[572,744,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">T. xanthochilus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF4FFE3FD2CF8F6E446F883" author="Harvey" box="[751,1051,1844,1869]" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" refString="Harvey, M. B. &amp; Gutberlet Jr, R. L. (1998) Lizards of the genus Tropidurus (Iguania: Tropiduridae) from the Serrania de Huanchaca, Bolivia: new species, natural history, and a key to the genus. Herpetologica, 54 (4), 493 - 520." type="journal article" year="1998">Harvey &amp; Gutberlet, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
), and that a single historical event may account for the evolution of each species pair from common ancestors previously distributed across open formations of south-central South 
<collectingCountry id="57DC6ECBFFF4FFE3FDE8F8BFE2D2F85B" box="[555,655,1916,1940]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">America</collectingCountry>
. Relationship between the last two pairs, involving species of the 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF4FFE3FF54F863E153F877" box="[151,270,1952,1976]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinulosus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF4FFE3FF54F863E153F877" box="[151,270,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">spinulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, was later corroborated on the basis of molecular and morphological evidence (
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF4FFE3FAE7F863E11EF813" author="Harvey" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" refString="Harvey, M. B. &amp; Gutberlet Jr, R. L. (2000) A phylogenetic analysis of the tropidurine lizards (Squamata: Tropiduridae), including new characters of squamation and epidermal microstructure. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 128, 189 - 233. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2000. tb 00161. x" type="journal article" year="2000">Harvey &amp; Gutberlet 2000</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF4FFE3FE8DF806E254F813" author="Frost" box="[334,521,1988,2012]" pageId="22" pageNumber="435" refString="Frost, D. R., Rodrigues, M. T., Grant, T., &amp; Titus, T. A. (2001) Phylogenetics of the Lizard Genus Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae: Tropidurinae): Direct Optimization, Descriptive Efficiency, and Sensitivity Analysis of Congruence Between Molecular Data and Morphology. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 21 (3), 352 - 371. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / mpev. 2001.1015" type="journal article" year="2001">
Frost 
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF4FFE3FE4CF806E19DF813" box="[399,448,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="435">et al</emphasis>
. 2001
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF5FFE2FF04FF54E1F8FD4B" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,1616]" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF5FFE2FF04FF54E1D6FF60" author="Rodrigues" box="[199,395,151,175]" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" refString="Rodrigues, M. T. (1987) Sistematica, ecologia e zoogeografia dos Tropidurus do grupo torquatus ao sul do rio Amazonas (Sauria, Iguanidae). Arquivos de Zoologia, 31 (3), 105 - 230." type="journal article" year="1987">Rodrigues (1987)</bibRefCitation>
attributed the great variability of the coastal populations of 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF5FFE2FBE9FF5AE4C9FF7F" box="[1066,1172,153,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FBE9FF5AE4C9FF7F" box="[1066,1172,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the events of marine transgressions and regressions occurred after the last glaciation. It is possible that these events have also been of great importance to the evolution of 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF5FFE2FDEFFF22E2F7FF37" box="[556,682,224,248]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imbituba">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FDEFFF22E2F7FF37" box="[556,682,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">T. imbituba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, since in the recent past the hill where these lizards are isolated was an island in the periods of marine transgressions, when the ocean was above the current level (
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF5FFE2FB17FEC7E5C5FED3" author="Horn" box="[1236,1432,260,284]" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" refString="Horn Filho, N. O. (2003) Setorizacao da Provincia Costeira de Santa Catarina em base aos aspectos geologicos, geomorfologicos e geograficos. Geosul, 18 (35), 71 - 98." type="journal article" year="2003">Horn Filho 2003</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF5FFE2FF54FEE4E156FEF0" author="Leal" box="[151,267,295,319]" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" refString="Leal, P. C. (2005) Avaliacao do nivel de vulnerabilidade ambiental da planicie costeira do trecho Garopaba - Imbituba, litoral sudeste do estado de Santa Catarina, em face aos aspectos geologicos e paleogeograficos. Ph. D. Thesis. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 257 pp." type="book" year="2005">Leal 2005</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF5FFE2FED4FEE4E182FEF0" author="Vieira" box="[279,479,295,320]" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" refString="Vieira, C. V., Felix, A., Baptista, E. M. C. &amp; Horn Filho, N. O. (2009) Paleogeografia da planicie costeira das folhas Jaguaruna e Lagoa Garopaba do Sul, litoral sul do Estado de Santa Catarina - Brasil. Geosul, 24 (47), 91 - 112. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5007 / 2177 - 5230.2009 v 24 n 47 p 91" type="journal article" year="2009">
Vieira 
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FEA0FEEAE1C6FE8F" box="[355,411,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<collectingCountry id="57DC6ECBFFF5FFE2FE31FEEBE24CFE8F" box="[498,529,296,320]" name="American Samoa" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">As</collectingCountry>
Rodrigues pointed out, the physiognomy of the South American landscapes was very different at the end of the last glaciation, when the climate was cooler and arid, and the emerged area of the continent was much larger as a consequence of marine regression. One could hypothesize that a common ancestor of the coastal 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF5FFE2FE83FE56E197FE63" box="[320,458,405,428]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FE83FE56E197FE63" box="[320,458,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">T. torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF5FFE2FDC9FE56E2D0FE63" box="[522,653,404,428]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imbituba">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FDC9FE56E2D0FE63" box="[522,653,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">T. imbituba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had, in this period, a broad distribution along the Brazilian coast. However, the fact that 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF5FFE2FE67FE7BE255FE1F" box="[420,520,440,464]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imbituba">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FE67FE7BE255FE1F" box="[420,520,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">imbituba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not able to colonize the adjacent 
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FC0CFE7AE468FE1F" box="[975,1077,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">restingas</emphasis>
suggests that his ancestor was already a saxicolous form that possibly inhabited the granitic slopes of the Serra do Mar and Serra Geral, currently covered by the Atlantic Rain Forest. With the gradual shift to a more humid climate and the expansion of forests, these lizards had their habitat drastically reduced. Thus, 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF5FFE2FCD7FDE6E3CCFDF3" box="[788,913,548,572]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imbituba">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FCD7FDE6E3CCFDF3" box="[788,913,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">T. imbituba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is probably more related to 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF5FFE2FB17FDE6E520FDF3" box="[1236,1405,548,572]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="catalanensis">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FB17FDE6E520FDF3" box="[1236,1405,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">T. catalanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or the “inland” populations of 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF5FFE2FE24FD8AE22EFDAF" box="[487,627,585,608]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FE24FD8AE22EFDAF" box="[487,627,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">T. torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than to the psammophilous form of the eastern Brazilian coast (
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FA44FD8AE1C8FD4B" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF5FFE2FA44FD8AE10DFD4B" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="torquatus" subSpecies="stricto">T. torquatus stricto</taxonomicName>
sensu
</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF5FFE2FF04FD53E52BFC4F" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,1616]" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">
It is interesting to note that the restingas and sand dunes of the coastal plains of southern Santa Catarina share with the plains of Rio Grande do Sul and 
<collectingCountry id="57DC6ECBFFF5FFE2FDB5FD76E285FD02" box="[630,728,693,717]" name="Uruguay" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
typical faunistic elements of open areas of the Pampa Biome, while the hills and rocky seashores that break the continuity of these coastal plains present a typical fauna of the Atlantic Rainforest (
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF5FFE2FE47FD3FE230FCDB" author="Ghizoni" box="[388,621,764,788]" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" refString="Ghizoni Jr, I. R, Kunz, T. S., Cherem, J. J. &amp; Bernils, R. S. (2009) Registros notaveis de repteis de areas abertas naturais do planalto e litoral do Estado de Santa Catarina, sul do Brasil. Biotemas, 22 (3), 129 - 141. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5007 / 2175 - 7925.2009 v 22 n 3 p 129" type="journal article" year="2009">
Ghizoni 
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FE28FD3EE27DFCDB" box="[491,544,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
; Kunz &amp; Ghizoni 2011; Kunz 
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FC1EFD3EE44EFCDB" box="[989,1043,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">et al</emphasis>
. 2011). It seems that 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF5FFE2FADAFD3EE5C6FCDB" box="[1305,1435,764,788]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imbituba">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FADAFD3EE5C6FCDB" box="[1305,1435,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">T. imbituba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
represents a relictual element of a period of semi-arid climate, when a typical open area fauna was able to occupy those hills, currently covered by forests. Other reptile species from open areas that inhabit these rocky seashores, like the skink 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF5FFE2FEF7FCABE3D8FCB0" authority="Cope, 1862" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1862" box="[308,901,871,896]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Aspronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsivittatum">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FEF7FCABE212FC4F" box="[308,591,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">Aspronema dorsivittatum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF5FFE2FD9DFCA4E2BFFCB0" author="Cope" box="[606,738,871,895]" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" refString="Cope, E. D. (1862) Catalogues of the Reptiles Obtained during the Explorations of the Parana, Paraguay, Vermejo and Uraguay Rivers, by Capt. Thos. J. Page, U. S. N.; And of Those Procured by Lieut. N. Michler, U. S. Top. Eng., Commander of the Expedition Conducting the Survey of the Atrato River. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 14 (1862), 346 - 359." type="journal article" year="1862">Cope, 1862</bibRefCitation>
) (Mabuyidae)
</taxonomicName>
, are also able to occupy the sandy 
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FACAFCAAE52BFC4F" box="[1289,1398,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">restingas.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF5FFE2FF04FC4FE57FFB0B" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,1616]" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF5FFE2FF04FC4FE1D0FC6B" author="Rodrigues" box="[199,397,908,932]" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" refString="Rodrigues, M. T. (1987) Sistematica, ecologia e zoogeografia dos Tropidurus do grupo torquatus ao sul do rio Amazonas (Sauria, Iguanidae). Arquivos de Zoologia, 31 (3), 105 - 230." type="journal article" year="1987">Rodrigues (1987)</bibRefCitation>
found two diversity patterns in the 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF5FFE2FCE8FC4EE3C8FC6B" box="[811,917,909,932]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FCE8FC4EE3C8FC6B" box="[811,917,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. In the first group, from eastern South 
<collectingCountry id="57DC6ECBFFF5FFE2FF54FC6CE0A7FC08" box="[151,250,943,967]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">America</collectingCountry>
, there is a large amount of species with restrict geographic distributions. In the second group, there is a low diversity but the species have wide geographic distributions. According to Rodrigues, species of the second group are related to Central 
<collectingCountry id="57DC6ECBFFF5FFE2FE1BFC34E242FBC0" box="[472,543,1015,1039]" name="Brazil" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, noting that none can be treated, without restrictions, as an animal of the great South American diagonal of open formations. Still, from northeast to southwest, there is 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF5FFE2FB67FBDEE543FBFB" box="[1188,1310,1052,1076]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hispidus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FB67FBDEE543FBFB" box="[1188,1310,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">T. hispidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabiting mainly the Caatingas, 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF5FFE2FE56FB82E249FB97" box="[405,532,1088,1112]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itambere">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FE56FB82E249FB97" box="[405,532,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">T. itambere</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF5FFE2FDE7FB82E2F0FB97" box="[548,685,1088,1112]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oreadicus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FDE7FB82E2F0FB97" box="[548,685,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">T. oreadicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the populations of 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF5FFE2FC7FFB82E41EFB97" box="[956,1091,1089,1112]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FC7FFB82E41EFB97" box="[956,1091,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">T. torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from central 
<collectingCountry id="57DC6ECBFFF5FFE2FB1CFBFCE57EFB98" box="[1247,1315,1087,1111]" name="Brazil" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">Brazil</collectingCountry>
with wide distributions in the Cerrado Domains (noting that the 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF5FFE2FCC5FBA6E32DFBB3" box="[774,880,1125,1148]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FCC5FBA6E32DFBB3" box="[774,880,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
distribution in Central 
<collectingCountry id="57DC6ECBFFF5FFE2FB42FBA7E498FBB3" box="[1153,1221,1124,1148]" name="Brazil" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">Brazil</collectingCountry>
seems to be more related to gallery forests than to the extensive savanna-like formations in the Cerrado; see 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF5FFE2FB44FB4BE530FB6F" author="Nogueira" box="[1159,1389,1160,1184]" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" refString="Nogueira, C., Valdujo, P. H. &amp; Franca, F. G. R. (2005) Habitat variation and lizard diversity in a Cerrado area of Central Brazil. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 40 (2), 105 - 112. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650520500129901" type="journal article" year="2005">
Nogueira 
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FB35FB4AE573FB6F" box="[1270,1326,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF5FFE2FF54FB6FE11FFB0B" author="Nogueira" box="[151,322,1196,1220]" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" refString="Nogueira, C. (2006) Diversidade e padroes de distribuicao da fauna de lagartos do Cerrado. Ph. D. Thesis. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 295 pp." type="book" year="2006">Nogueira 2006</bibRefCitation>
), and 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF5FFE2FE46FB6EE24CFB0B" box="[389,529,1196,1220]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="etheridgei">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FE46FB6EE24CFB0B" box="[389,529,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">T. etheridgei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mainly in the Chaco Domains, with some populations in the Cerrado.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF5FFE2FF04FB13E57AFAB7" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,1616]" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF5FFE2FF04FB13E188FB27" box="[199,469,1232,1256]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="catalanensis">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FF04FB13E188FB27" box="[199,469,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">Tropidurus catalanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a parapatric distribution in relation to 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF5FFE2FC6FFB12E465FB27" box="[940,1080,1232,1256]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="etheridgei">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FC6FFB12E465FB27" box="[940,1080,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">T. etheridgei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(which occurs exclusively west of the Paraná Basin), with a more continuous distribution and less restricted to the river valleys in the Pampa Domains of southwestern Rio Grande do Sul and northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="57DC6ECBFFF5FFE2FCA6FADAE395FAFE" box="[869,968,1305,1329]" name="Uruguay" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
, reaching marginally the Chaco Domains in the vicinities of the Paraná and 
<collectingCountry id="57DC6ECBFFF5FFE2FDDEFAFEE2D8FA9A" box="[541,645,1341,1365]" name="Paraguay" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
rivers (in the border of 
<collectingCountry id="57DC6ECBFFF5FFE2FC5BFAFFE455FA9B" box="[920,1032,1340,1364]" name="Argentina" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">Argentina</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="57DC6ECBFFF5FFE2FB82FAFFE4F6FA9B" box="[1089,1195,1340,1364]" name="Paraguay" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
) and restricted to the river valleys and canyons of the Paraná-Uruguay Basin in the Paranaense Forest (
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FBEAFAA2E43AFAB7" box="[1065,1127,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A53AAFFF5FFE2FBADFAA2E547FAB7" author="Morrone" box="[1134,1306,1376,1400]" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" refString="Morrone, J. J. (2001) Biogeografia de America Latina y el Caribe. Manuales &amp; Tesis, Vol. 3. Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, Zaragoza, 148 pp." type="book" year="2001">Morrone, 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F742E5BFFF5FFE2FF04FA47E3A7F99F" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,1616]" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">
The distribution patterns of 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF5FFE2FDC6FA46E2F3FA53" box="[517,686,1412,1436]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="catalanensis">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FDC6FA46E2F3FA53" box="[517,686,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">T. catalanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF5FFE2FD24FA46E33AFA53" box="[743,871,1412,1436]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imbituba" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FD24FA46E33AFA53" box="[743,871,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">T. imbituba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="068C4F32FFF5FFE2FCB3FA47E396FA53" box="[880,971,1412,1436]" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FCB3FA47E396FA53" bold="true" box="[880,971,1412,1436]" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
seem to corroborate the two distribution patterns found by Rodrigues, and these can be strengthened with the recognition of specific status for the 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF5FFE2FAF1FA6AE5C1FA0F" box="[1330,1436,1449,1472]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FAF1FA6AE5C1FA0F" box="[1330,1436,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations from the mountain ranges of southeastern 
<collectingCountry id="57DC6ECBFFF5FFE2FCC6FA0FE314FA2B" box="[773,841,1484,1508]" name="Brazil" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(with probably restricted distribution) and for those from Central 
<collectingCountry id="57DC6ECBFFF5FFE2FEF2FA33E128F9C7" box="[305,373,1520,1544]" name="Brazil" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(with a broader distribution). However, further conclusions on the relationship of the species associated with the 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF5FFE2FE55F9D7E2D3F9E3" box="[406,654,1556,1580]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FE55F9D7E2D3F9E3" box="[406,654,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">Tropidurus torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex and their distributional patterns must await ongoing phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies of the 
<taxonomicName id="E8CB55D8FFF5FFE2FD7EF9FBE3F4F99F" box="[701,937,1592,1616]" class="Reptilia" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Tropidurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="1DBFF249FFF5FFE2FD7EF9FBE3F4F99F" box="[701,937,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="436">Tropidurus torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>