235 lines
26 KiB
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235 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.395.7110" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d9627d89-aad8-4b48-b024-c7a97d580231" ID-PMC="PMC3978236" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-395-33" ID-PubMed="24715788" ID-ZBK="B4D4D101C9AE47F09B7B320735B69D1D" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-395-33" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 395" ModsDocTitle="Six new species of Philiris Röber, 1891 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) from Papua New Guinea" checkinTime="1451246046685" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mueller, Chris J." docDate="2014" docId="127740C424A732CFC0D0EC45FCECEBB5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 395: 33-55" docOrigin="ZooKeys 395" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.395.7110" docTitle="Philiris baiteta Mueller, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="E2CE34E9-1520-42A5-9E95-DAA8C6D2CBF3" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="FFEBBE73FFD8D16FFFC64B5A751FFFB3" masterDocTitle="Six new species of Philiris Roeber, 1891 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) from Papua New Guinea" masterLastPageNumber="55" masterPageNumber="33" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1668158131885" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Six new species of Philiris Roeber, 1891 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) from Papua New Guinea</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mueller, Chris J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>395</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>33</mods:start>
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<mods:end>55</mods:end>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.395.7110</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.395.7110</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-395-33</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">B4D4D101C9AE47F09B7B320735B69D1D</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B4D4D101C9AE47F09B7B320735B69D1D</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152052287" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E2CE34E9-1520-42A5-9E95-DAA8C6D2CBF3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/127740C424A732CFC0D0EC45FCECEBB5" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/E2CE34E9-1520-42A5-9E95-DAA8C6D2CBF3" authority="Mueller" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris baiteta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baiteta">
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Philiris baiteta
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="7" pageNumber="40">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 29-33, 64
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="40" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
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Holotype ♂ (Figs 29-31): "Papua New Guinea, Hindenburg Range, Western Province, 1000 m,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-5.2166667">5°13'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="141.23334">141°14'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 13-17 Feb, 2013, Chris J.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
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, genitalia dissected and held in vial pinned to specimen, (ANIC), Registration: ANIC Database No. 31-023124. Paratypes (8 ♂♂, 1 ♀): 4 ♂♂ labelled the same as the holotype (1 ♂ AM, 1 ♂ BMNH, 2 ♂♂ CJMC); 3 ♂♂ labelled "Papua New Guinea, Baiteta, Madang Prov.
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-5.0">5°00'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="145.73334">145°44'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 380 m, 6 August 1987, D.P.A. Sands (on loan to ANIC); 1 ♂ labelled the same as last but 31 July 1987 (on loan to ANIC); 1 ♀ labelled "nr. Oetakwa R., Snow Mts., Dutch N. G., up to 3500 ft., x. xii. 1910 (Meek)" (BMNH).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris baiteta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baiteta">Philiris baiteta</taxonomicName>
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is a distinctive species that was previously confused with the related
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris hypoxantha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypoxantha">Philiris hypoxantha</taxonomicName>
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(Figs 34, 35). The type specimen of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris hypoxantha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypoxantha">Philiris hypoxantha</taxonomicName>
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from south-western Papua Province could not be located but the description (in German) by
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<bibRefCitation author="Roeber, J" journalOrPublisher="Ent. Mitt." pageId="15" pageNumber="48" pagination="226 - 230" title="Lepidopterologisches." volume="15" year="1926">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Röber">Roeber</normalizedToken>
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(1926)
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</bibRefCitation>
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is detailed and he describes the wings above as 'monotonously sepia-brown with low
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<normalizedToken originalValue="shine’">shine'</normalizedToken>
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<bibRefCitation author="Roeber, J" journalOrPublisher="Ent. Mitt." pageId="15" pageNumber="48" pagination="226 - 230" title="Lepidopterologisches." volume="15" year="1926">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Röber">Roeber</normalizedToken>
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(1926
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</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 375, translated).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
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Figures 31-45.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Philiris</taxonomicName>
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adults (left side upperside and right side underside, where halved) and label data. 31
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris baiteta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baiteta">Philiris baiteta</taxonomicName>
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holotype ♂ label data 32
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris baiteta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baiteta">Philiris baiteta</taxonomicName>
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paratype ♀ upperside 33
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris baiteta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baiteta">Philiris baiteta</taxonomicName>
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paratype ♀ underside 34
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris hypoxantha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypoxantha">Philiris hypoxantha</taxonomicName>
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♂ (halved) 35
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris hypoxantha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypoxantha">Philiris hypoxantha</taxonomicName>
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♀ (halved) 36
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris hemileuca" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hemileuca">Philiris hemileuca</taxonomicName>
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holotype ♂ (halved, flipped horizontally) 37
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris hemileuca" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hemileuca">Philiris hemileuca</taxonomicName>
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holotype ♂ label data 38
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris radicala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicala">Philiris radicala</taxonomicName>
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holotype ♂ upperside 39
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris radicala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicala">Philiris radicala</taxonomicName>
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holotype ♂ underside 40
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris radicala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicala">Philiris radicala</taxonomicName>
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holotype ♂ label data 41
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris radicala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicala">Philiris radicala</taxonomicName>
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paratype ♀ upperside 42
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris radicala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicala">Philiris radicala</taxonomicName>
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paratype ♀ underside 43
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris radicala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicala">Philiris radicala</taxonomicName>
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paratype ♂ (halved, flipped horizontally) 44
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris intensa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intensa">Philiris intensa</taxonomicName>
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holotype ♂ (halved) 45
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris intensa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intensa">Philiris intensa</taxonomicName>
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holotype ♂ label data. Scale bar = 10 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
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A single female of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris baiteta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baiteta">Philiris baiteta</taxonomicName>
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in the BMNH (Fig. 32, 32) was recognised tentatively as a
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘form’">'form'</normalizedToken>
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of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris hypoxantha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypoxantha">Philiris hypoxantha</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation author="Tite, GE" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), London, Entomology" pageId="15" pageNumber="48" pagination="197 - 259" title="A revision of the genus Candalides and allied genera (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)." volume="14" year="1963">Tite (1963)</bibRefCitation>
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who also added comment that its significance could not be assessed until more material became available. This is obviously the true female belonging to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris baiteta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baiteta">Philiris baiteta</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris baiteta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baiteta">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="41" start="start">Philiris</pageBreakToken>
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baiteta
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</taxonomicName>
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is readily distinguished from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris hypoxantha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypoxantha">Philiris hypoxantha</taxonomicName>
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by the large area of cream-white in the costal and subapical area of the hindwing upperside. Both wings above are uniformly brown in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris hypoxantha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypoxantha">Philiris hypoxantha</taxonomicName>
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. The underside of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris baiteta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baiteta">Philiris baiteta</taxonomicName>
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is cream-yellow, with a broad cream border to the greyish area on the inner margin of the forewing. Conversely, in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris hypoxantha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypoxantha">Philiris hypoxantha</taxonomicName>
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, the underside is bright yellow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
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The unusual male genitalia of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris baiteta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baiteta">Philiris baiteta</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 64),
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris hypoxantha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypoxantha">Philiris hypoxantha</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 66) and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris hemileuca" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hemileuca">Philiris hemileuca</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 65) emphasise a close relationship of the three taxa, yet each show vast differences in their morphology, in particular the shape of the valva. In all three species the valva is sharply tapered to a spike anteriorly. In both
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris hemileuca" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hemileuca">Philiris hemileuca</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 65b) and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris baiteta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baiteta">Philiris baiteta</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 64b) an additional posterior dorso-lateral spike is present, which is much longer and more pronounced in the latter species than in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris hemileuca" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hemileuca">Philiris hemileuca</taxonomicName>
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. The phallus of the three species also exhibit notable differences with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris hypoxantha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypoxantha">Philiris hypoxantha</taxonomicName>
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bearing an apically enlarged vesica (Fig. 66c), which is bifurcated in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris hemileuca" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hemileuca">Philiris hemileuca</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 65c), yet rather abruptly terminated in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris baiteta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baiteta">Philiris baiteta</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 64c).
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<bibRefCitation author="Parsons, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Academic Pr., London" pageId="15" pageNumber="48" title="The butterflies of Papua New Guinea. Their systematics and biology." year="1998">Parsons (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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noted that the male genitalia of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris hypoxantha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypoxantha">Philiris hypoxantha</taxonomicName>
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bear some resemblance to those of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris vicina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">Philiris vicina</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 77), especially in the shape of the valvae and aedeagus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="41">♂ (Figs 29-31): Forewing length 14 mm, antenna 8 mm (holotype). Head, palpus and thorax dark brown dorsally, white ventrally, abdomen dark brown dorsally, white ventrally, frons dark grey with white eye ring; legs white with black areas on tibiae; antenna shaft black, ringed conspicuously with white between segments, club wholly black.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Fore wing termen nearly straight, inner margin straight, apex pointed; upperside with ground colour dark uniform brown, cilia brown; underside pale yellow-cream, grading through white towards inner margin where the area between the inner margin and vein 2 and the cubitus are light grey-brown, cilia dark brown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Hind wing slightly acute at tornus; upperside with ground colour dark uniform brown, a large cream-white apical area extending from base to beyond vein 6 into space 5 but not connected to termen; cilia dark brown except at apex where they are cream; underside uniformly pale yellow, cilia as in upperside.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Male genitalia (Fig. 64): Vinculum and tegumen ring rather rectangular, sociuncus rather broad, square-shaped, socii with lateral margin square-shaped, dorsally rounded, socii not obviously separated by sinus, saccus tapered posteriorly, brachium tapered dorsally; valvae symmetrical, bulbous dorsally at base but flat, boat-shaped laterally, with long toothed appendage ventro-posteriorly and a shorter appendage dorso-posteriorly; phallus with pre-zonal section approximately equal in length to post-zonal section; zone of compacted cornuti in post-zonal section, vesica apically flanged.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="41">♀: (Figs 32, 33), Forewing length 14.5 mm, antenna 8 mm. Similar to male but larger, wings much more rounded. Forewing upperside with diffuse patch of cream white in median area between veins 2 and 4; forewing underside with brown area along inner margin not reaching termen. Hindwing upperside with cream-white patch slightly more extensive, reaching further into space 5.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
|
||
This species is named after the locality in Madang Province where Dr Don Sands, Brisbane, Australia, collected part of the type series, also recognising its distinction from the related
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris hypoxantha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypoxantha">Philiris hypoxantha</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Western and Madang Provinces, Papua New Guinea; Snow Mountains (Papua), Indonesia.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="42" start="start">Ecology</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Both
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris baiteta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baiteta">Philiris baiteta</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 87) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris hypoxantha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypoxantha">Philiris hypoxantha</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected around midday as they settled on foliage some metres above the ground over a rapid flowing stream in precipitous terrain (Fig. 86), together with a number of other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Philiris</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Both species exhibited a rapid, fluttering flight.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris baiteta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baiteta">Philiris baiteta</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to form a small group within
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Philiris</taxonomicName>
|
||
also comprising
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris hemileuca" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hemileuca">Philiris hemileuca</taxonomicName>
|
||
(holotype; Figs 36, 37) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris hypoxantha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypoxantha">Philiris hypoxantha</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs 34, 35) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris baiteta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baiteta">Philiris baiteta</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to fall midway between the two. All species have been taken in the Hindenburg Range area, Western Province, where
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris hemileuca" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hemileuca">Philiris hemileuca</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs above about 1500 m, while
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris hypoxantha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypoxantha">Philiris hypoxantha</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philiris baiteta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baiteta">Philiris baiteta</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been taken together at around 1000 m. The latter two species have also been taken flying together elsewhere, in the Snow Mountains, where A. Meek even collected both species on the same day.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |