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<emphasis id="B921EAA96463C378FF0AFD3F6AEC4EAA" bold="true" box="[151,421,655,682]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Prosuberites laughlini</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6463C378FE29FD3E680C4EA9" author="Diaz, M. C. &amp; Alvarez, B. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M." box="[436,837,654,681]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458" pagination="31 - 41" refId="ref21585" refString="Diaz, M. C., Alvarez, B. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (1987). New species of Demospongiae (Porifera) from the national park ' Archipielago de Los Roques', Venezuela. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 57 (1), 31 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 26660644 - 05701003" type="journal article" year="1987">Díaz, Alvarez &amp; van Soest, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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(
<tableCitation id="C6D703006463C378FF3CFD036A4D4ECD" box="[161,260,691,717]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStartId-0="5.[150,238,469,495]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,239,151,175]" captionText-0="TABLE 1. Checklist of sponges (Porifera) from Costa do Descobrimento (Bahia, Brazil). Species in the present study and previous intertidal records (in bold), consulted in: 1Hajdu et al. (2011), 2Cavalcante et al. (2014) and 3Oliveira et al. (2015). Some species are kept together in the collection MNRJ and have the same code." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Local distribution of intertidal sponge species collected on reefs of Costa do Descobrimento (Bahia, Brazil) in the present study. AA, Arraial D’Ajuda; CVM, Coroa Vermelha/Mutá; RF, Parque Nacional Marinho—P.M.M. Recife de Fora; CA, P.M.M. Coroa Alta." pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Tab. 1–2</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6D703006463C378FE8DFD036A684ECD" box="[272,289,691,717]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,239,1222,1246]" captionText="TABLE 4. Prosuberites laughlini (Díaz, Alvarez &amp; van Soest, 1987): comparative data on morphology, spicules and known distribution. Spicule measurements in micrometers (µm) are presented as minimum–average–maximum (or minimum–maximum) of length x thickness. Roman numerals represent categories of tylostyles." pageId="15" pageNumber="458">4</tableCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="136E2A3E6463C378FEB0FD036AEA4ECD" box="[301,419,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[208,1379,453,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-176@16.[208,1379,453,1898]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Prosuberites laughlini (Díaz, Alvarez &amp; van Soest, 1987), MNRJ 21505: A, specimen in life; B, transverse sections showing tylostyles oriented perpendicularly to the substrate; C, detail of the heads embedded in a basal plate of spongin; D, tylostyles in different sizes and E, detail of the extremities of the tylostyles (from largest to smallest tylostyle, respectivelly)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10268730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10268730/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Fig. 7A–E</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="B921EAA96463C378FF0AFD476A474F0F" bold="true" box="[151,270,759,783]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Synonymy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C554D386463C378FE89FD4869D94F10" authority=", Diaz et al. (1987)" authorityName="Diaz" authorityYear="1987" box="[276,656,760,784]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Eurypon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="458" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laughlini">
<emphasis id="B921EAA96463C378FE89FD486A844F10" box="[276,461,760,784]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Eurypon laughlini</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6463C378FE47FD4869D94F10" author="Diaz, M. C. &amp; Alvarez, B. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M." box="[474,656,760,784]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458" pagination="31 - 41" refId="ref21585" refString="Diaz, M. C., Alvarez, B. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (1987). New species of Demospongiae (Porifera) from the national park ' Archipielago de Los Roques', Venezuela. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 57 (1), 31 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 26660644 - 05701003" type="journal article" year="1987">
Díaz 
<emphasis id="B921EAA96463C378FD8DFD48690D4F10" box="[528,580,760,784]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">et al.</emphasis>
(1987)
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.
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<subSubSection id="C34F65306463C378FF0AFC8868454F77" pageId="15" pageNumber="458" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEA36BB6463C378FF0AFC8868454F77" blockId="15.[151,1437,824,1175]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B921EAA96463C378FF0AFC886A2E4F52" bold="true" box="[151,359,824,850]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Studied material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B3D3CE66463C378FEF3FC8968404F77" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4099089311" collectingDate="2019-04-21" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" latitude="-16.4049" location="Brazil" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-38.985718" pageId="15" pageNumber="458" specimenCode="MNRJ 21505" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBF39EC06463C378FEF3FC8969434F53" box="[366,522,824,851]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">MNRJ 21505</specimenCode>
, 
<collectorName id="26A0536D6463C378FD88FC8969034F53" box="[533,586,825,851]" name="A.L.P. Moreira" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">P.M.</collectorName>
<taxonomicName id="4C554D386463C378FDD4FC89685F4F53" authority="de Fora" authorityName="de Fora" box="[585,790,824,851]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="458" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="recife">M. Recife de Fora</taxonomicName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE61507C6463C378FCBBFC8A68F34F53" box="[806,954,825,853]" degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="24.294" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="458" precision="1" value="-16.4049">16°24.294′ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE61507C6463C378FC55FC8A6F2D4F53" box="[968,1124,825,853]" degrees="38" direction="west" minutes="59.143" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="458" precision="1" value="-38.985718">38°59.143′ W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectorName id="26A0536D6463C378FBEDFC896E754F53" box="[1136,1340,825,851]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Porto Seguro, BA</collectorName>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F342762B6463C378FADAFC886ED94F52" box="[1351,1424,824,850]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Brazil</collectingCountry>
), intertidal, coll. 
<collectorName id="26A0536D6463C378FEDFFCEC6AE44F77" box="[322,429,860,887]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Hajdu, E.</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26A0536D6463C378FE52FCEC691B4F77" box="[463,594,860,887]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Avelino, D.</collectorName>
, 
<date id="FFEB107B6463C378FDC3FCED68404F77" box="[606,777,860,887]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458" value="2019-04-21">
<collectingDate id="EFAFE9936463C378FDC3FCED68404F77" box="[606,777,860,887]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458" value="2019-04-21">
21 
<superScript id="7C209BF36463C378FDE7FCEC69CC4F6A" attach="left" box="[634,645,860,874]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">st</superScript>
April 2019
</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F65306463C378FF5AFC3068104897" pageId="15" pageNumber="458" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEA36BB6463C378FF5AFC306A124FE3" blockId="15.[151,1437,824,1175]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B921EAA96463C378FF5AFC306A104F9A" bold="true" box="[199,345,896,922]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Description.</emphasis>
Thinly encrusting (&lt;
<quantity id="4CAD9B5E6463C378FDDBFC3169CF4F9B" box="[582,646,897,923]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="458" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
thick); 
<quantity id="4CAD9B5E6463C378FD44FC3168474F9B" box="[729,782,897,923]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="458" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
in maximum diameter. Surface rugose, due to irregularities in the underlying substrate, pierced by apices of megascleres. Color 
<emphasis id="B921EAA96463C378FC37FC1568B14FBE" box="[938,1016,933,958]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">in vivo</emphasis>
orange-yellow, and beige in fixative (
<tableCitation id="C6D703006463C378FF3DFC786BA04FE3" box="[160,233,968,995]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,239,1222,1246]" captionText="TABLE 4. Prosuberites laughlini (Díaz, Alvarez &amp; van Soest, 1987): comparative data on morphology, spicules and known distribution. Spicule measurements in micrometers (µm) are presented as minimum–average–maximum (or minimum–maximum) of length x thickness. Roman numerals represent categories of tylostyles." pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Tab. 4</tableCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="136E2A3E6463C378FF68FC786A074FE3" box="[245,334,968,995]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[208,1379,453,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-176@16.[208,1379,453,1898]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Prosuberites laughlini (Díaz, Alvarez &amp; van Soest, 1987), MNRJ 21505: A, specimen in life; B, transverse sections showing tylostyles oriented perpendicularly to the substrate; C, detail of the heads embedded in a basal plate of spongin; D, tylostyles in different sizes and E, detail of the extremities of the tylostyles (from largest to smallest tylostyle, respectivelly)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10268730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10268730/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA36BB6463C378FF5AFC5C6E67484F" blockId="15.[151,1437,824,1175]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B921EAA96463C378FF5AFC5C6A7C4806" bold="true" box="[199,309,1004,1030]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Skeleton.</emphasis>
Unspecialized ectosome, pierced by large choanosomal megascleres. Choanosome with a basal layer of spongin, a little sediment (including sand grains) and megascleres erect on the substrate/basal layer of spongin, bases down. Some megascleres (smaller ones) totally embedded in the choanosomal region (
<figureCitation id="136E2A3E6463C378FB39FB846E6F484F" box="[1188,1318,1076,1103]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[208,1379,453,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-176@16.[208,1379,453,1898]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Prosuberites laughlini (Díaz, Alvarez &amp; van Soest, 1987), MNRJ 21505: A, specimen in life; B, transverse sections showing tylostyles oriented perpendicularly to the substrate; C, detail of the heads embedded in a basal plate of spongin; D, tylostyles in different sizes and E, detail of the extremities of the tylostyles (from largest to smallest tylostyle, respectivelly)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10268730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10268730/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Figs. 7B–C</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA36BB6463C378FF5AFBE868104897" blockId="15.[151,1437,824,1175]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B921EAA96463C378FF5AFBE86A794872" bold="true" box="[199,304,1112,1138]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Spicules.</emphasis>
Megascleres only (
<tableCitation id="C6D703006463C378FD8AFBE8692D4873" box="[535,612,1112,1139]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,239,1222,1246]" captionText="TABLE 4. Prosuberites laughlini (Díaz, Alvarez &amp; van Soest, 1987): comparative data on morphology, spicules and known distribution. Spicule measurements in micrometers (µm) are presented as minimum–average–maximum (or minimum–maximum) of length x thickness. Roman numerals represent categories of tylostyles." pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Tab. 4</tableCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="136E2A3E6463C378FDEEFBE869B54872" box="[627,764,1112,1138]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1122,1146]" captionTargetBox="[199,1386,191,1087]" captionTargetId="figure-44@14.[187,1400,181,1098]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Venn diagram showing the numbers of unique and shared species among the reefs surveyed at Costa do Descobrimento (Bahia, Brazil). P.M.M. Coroa Alta (CA), Coroa Vermelha/Mutá (CVM), Arraial D’Ajuda (AA) and P.M.M. Recife de Fora (RF)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10268728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10268728/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Figs. 6D–E</figureCitation>
): tylostyles, slightly curved, pronounced head, with slight variation in overall shape, 231–431.1– 
<date id="FFEB107B6463C378FDDAFBCD69DB4897" box="[583,658,1149,1175]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458" value="1174-10">1174 x</date>
9.7–14.0–18 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF2A66336463C378FF0AFB766FDC4926" pageId="15" pageNumber="458" startId="15.[151,239,1222,1246]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BEA36BB6463C378FF0AFB766FDC4926" blockId="15.[151,1437,1222,1318]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B921EAA96463C378FF0AFB766A4448DE" bold="true" box="[151,269,1222,1246]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C554D386463C378FE8BFB7668DB48DE" authority="(Diaz, Alvarez &amp; van Soest, 1987)" baseAuthorityName="Diaz, Alvarez &amp; van Soest" baseAuthorityYear="1987" box="[278,914,1222,1246]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymerhabdiidae" genus="Prosuberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="15" pageNumber="458" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laughlini">
<emphasis id="B921EAA96463C378FE8BFB76694E48DE" box="[278,519,1222,1246]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Prosuberites laughlini</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6463C378FD85FB7668C348DE" author="Diaz, M. C. &amp; Alvarez, B. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M." box="[536,906,1222,1246]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458" pagination="31 - 41" refId="ref21585" refString="Diaz, M. C., Alvarez, B. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (1987). New species of Demospongiae (Porifera) from the national park ' Archipielago de Los Roques', Venezuela. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 57 (1), 31 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 26660644 - 05701003" type="journal article" year="1987">Díaz, Alvarez &amp; van Soest, 1987</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
: comparative data on morphology, spicules and known distribution. Spicule measurements in micrometers (µm) are presented as minimum–average–maximum (or minimum–maximum) of length x thickness. Roman numerals represent categories of tylostyles.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEA36BB6463C378FF3BFA866FBC4B37" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">
<table id="F955C41B64633C88FF3BFA866EC34B5B" box="[166,1418,1334,1883]" gridcols="4" gridrows="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">
<tr id="356534F964633C88FF3BFA866EC3494E" box="[166,1418,1334,1358]" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">
<th id="76B45D8564633C88FF3BFA866A11494E" box="[166,344,1334,1358]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B921EAA96463C378FF3BFA866BA8494D" bold="true" box="[166,225,1334,1357]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">sensu</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76B45D8564633C88FEEBFA8669AD494E" box="[374,740,1334,1358]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B921EAA96463C378FEEBFA866910494E" bold="true" box="[374,601,1334,1358]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Morphology features</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76B45D8564633C88FC9FFA866F17494E" box="[770,1118,1334,1358]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B921EAA96463C378FC9FFA866F48494E" bold="true" box="[770,1025,1334,1358]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Megascleres (tylostyles)</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76B45D8564633C88FB15FA866EC3494E" box="[1160,1418,1334,1358]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B921EAA96463C378FB15FA866E2F494E" bold="true" box="[1160,1382,1334,1358]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Distribution (Depth)</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356534F964633C88FF3BFAEE6EC349E2" box="[166,1418,1374,1506]" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">
<th id="76B45D8564633C88FF3BFAEE6A1149E2" box="[166,344,1374,1506]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6463C378FF3BFAEE6A114976" author="Diaz, M. C. &amp; Alvarez, B. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M." box="[166,344,1374,1398]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458" pagination="31 - 41" refId="ref21585" refString="Diaz, M. C., Alvarez, B. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (1987). New species of Demospongiae (Porifera) from the national park ' Archipielago de Los Roques', Venezuela. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 57 (1), 31 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 26660644 - 05701003" type="journal article" year="1987">
Díaz 
<emphasis id="B921EAA96463C378FF41FAEF6A464976" box="[220,271,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">et al.</emphasis>
(1987)
</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td id="76B45D8564633C88FEEBFAEE69AD49E2" box="[374,740,1374,1506]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">
Habit thinly encrusting (up to 4 mm thick). Surface hispid. Consistency soft. Color light orange 
<emphasis id="B921EAA96463C378FDF5FA1769E549BE" box="[616,684,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">in vivo</emphasis>
, and light brown in fixative (EtOH)
</td>
<td id="76B45D8564633C88FC9FFAEE6F1749E2" box="[770,1118,1374,1506]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">126‒1855 x 3‒24; head width, 9‒28</td>
<td id="76B45D8564633C88FB15FAEE6EC349E2" box="[1160,1418,1374,1506]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Archipielago de Los Roques National Park, Venezuela, Caribbean / Atlantic (7‒35 m)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356534F964633C88FF3BF9AB6EC34A9F" box="[166,1418,1563,1695]" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">
<th id="76B45D8564633C88FF3BF9AB6A114A9F" box="[166,344,1563,1695]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6463C378FF3BF9AB6A184A33" author="van Soest, R. W." box="[166,337,1563,1587]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458" pagination="1 - 225" refId="ref28674" refString="van Soest, R. W. (2017) Sponges of the Guyana shelf. Zootaxa, 4217 (1), 1 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4217.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">van Soest (2017)</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td id="76B45D8564633C88FEEBF9AB69AD4A9F" box="[374,740,1563,1695]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">
Habit thinly encrusting (1–2 mm thick). Surface microhispid. Con- sistency soft. Color 
<emphasis id="B921EAA96463C378FDDDF9D369CD4A7A" box="[576,644,1635,1658]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">in vivo</emphasis>
n.r., and pale beige in fixative (EtOH)
</td>
<td id="76B45D8564633C88FC9FF9AB6F174A9F" box="[770,1118,1563,1695]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">I, 984‒1148.0‒1425 x 11‒13.4‒16 II, 402‒555.0‒719 x 11‒11.9‒14 III, 218‒271.0‒336 x 6‒9.2‒13</td>
<td id="76B45D8564633C88FB15F9AB6EC34A9F" box="[1160,1418,1563,1695]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Suriname / Atlantic (64 m)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356534F964633C88FF3BF9676EC34B5B" box="[166,1418,1751,1883]" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">
<th id="76B45D8564633C88FF3BF9676A114B5B" box="[166,344,1751,1883]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">MNRJ 21505</th>
<td id="76B45D8564633C88FEEBF96769AD4B5B" box="[374,740,1751,1883]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">
Habit thinly encrusting (&lt;1 mm thick). Surface rugose and micro- hispid. Color orangy-yellow 
<emphasis id="B921EAA96463C378FD07F89069974B37" box="[666,734,1824,1847]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">in vivo</emphasis>
, and beige in fixatie (EtOH)
</td>
<td id="76B45D8564633C88FC9FF9676F174B5B" box="[770,1118,1751,1883]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">231‒431.1‒1174 x 10‒14.0‒18</td>
<td id="76B45D8564633C88FB15F9676EC34B5B" box="[1160,1418,1751,1883]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Costa do Descobrimento, Bahia, Brazil / Atlantic (intertidal)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C34F65306463C378FF5AF83B6AB44BED" pageId="15" pageNumber="458" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BEA36BB6463C378FF5AF83B6AB44BED" blockId="15.[151,1437,1931,2029]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B921EAA96463C378FF5AF83B6A284BA5" bold="true" box="[199,353,1931,1957]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Distribution.</emphasis>
Previously, West Indies (Southern Caribbean— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6463C378FC12F83B6F184BA5" author="Diaz, M. C. &amp; Alvarez, B. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M." box="[911,1105,1931,1957]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458" pagination="31 - 41" refId="ref21585" refString="Diaz, M. C., Alvarez, B. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (1987). New species of Demospongiae (Porifera) from the national park ' Archipielago de Los Roques', Venezuela. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 57 (1), 31 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 26660644 - 05701003" type="journal article" year="1987">
Diaz 
<emphasis id="B921EAA96463C378FC50F83C6F434BA5" box="[973,1034,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">et al.</emphasis>
1987
</bibRefCitation>
), Central America (
<collectingCountry id="F342762B6463C378FAAAF83B6E364BA5" box="[1335,1407,1931,1957]" name="Belize" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Belize</collectingCountry>
— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6463C378FF0AF8006A254BC9" author="Rtzler, K. &amp; Diaz, M. C. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. &amp; Zea, S. &amp; Smith, K. P. &amp; Alvarez, B. &amp; Wulff, J." box="[151,364,1967,1995]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458" pagination="230 - 248" refId="ref26604" refString="Rtzler, K., Diaz, M. C., van Soest, R. W. M., Zea, S., Smith, K. P., Alvarez, B. &amp; Wulff, J. (2000) Diversity of sponge fauna in mangrove ponds, Pelican Cays, Belize. Atoll Research Bulletin, 476, 230 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00775630.467.229" type="journal article" year="2000">
Ŗtzler 
<emphasis id="B921EAA96463C378FF6CF8006A604BC9" box="[241,297,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<collectingCountry id="F342762B6463C378FEEBF81F6A864BC9" box="[374,463,1967,1993]" name="Panama" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Panama</collectingCountry>
— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6463C378FE71F81F692A4BCA" author="Diaz, M. C." box="[492,611,1967,1994]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458" pagination="465 - 475" refId="ref21551" refString="Diaz, M. C. (2005) Common sponges from shallow marine habitats from Bocas del Toro region, Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science, 41, 465 - 475." type="journal article" year="2005">Diaz 2005</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F342762B6463C378FDEBF81F69A84BC9" box="[630,737,1967,1993]" name="Suriname" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Suriname</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A6463C378FD6CF81F68EB4BC9" author="van Soest, R. W." box="[753,930,1967,1993]" pageId="15" pageNumber="458" pagination="1 - 225" refId="ref28674" refString="van Soest, R. W. (2017) Sponges of the Guyana shelf. Zootaxa, 4217 (1), 1 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4217.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">van Soest 2017</bibRefCitation>
). New record—Southwestern Atlantic (Costa do Descobrimento, BA, 
<collectingCountry id="F342762B6463C378FE35F8636AB84BED" box="[424,497,2003,2029]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="458">Brazil</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6530647CC367FF5AFF2768FC4D1D" pageId="16" pageNumber="459" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BEA36BB647CC367FF5AFF2768FC4D1D" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis id="B921EAA9647CC367FF5AFF276A654CB1" bold="true" box="[199,300,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="459">Ecology.</emphasis>
Encrusting calcareous substrate on the underside of a boulder, next to a diverse assemblage of organisms comprising other sponges, polychaetes and bryozoans. The species appears to be rare in the study area as only a single specimen was collected in five expeditions. Study of the specimen in the lab revealed the presence of 
<taxonomicName id="4C554D38647CC367FF0AFEB369514D1D" authority="Sollas, 1878" authorityName="Sollas" authorityYear="1878" box="[151,536,259,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="16" pageNumber="459" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mucronata">
<emphasis id="B921EAA9647CC367FF0AFEB36BAA4D1D" box="[151,227,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="459">Cliona</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B921EAA9647CC367FE93FEB36ACF4D1C" box="[270,390,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="459">mucronata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A647CC367FE10FEB369514D1D" author="Sollas, W. J." box="[397,536,259,285]" pageId="16" pageNumber="459" pagination="54 - 66" refId="ref27404" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1878) On two new and remarkable species of Cliona. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 1 (1), 54 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937808682289" type="journal article" year="1878">Sollas, 1878</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
excavating its substrate (see below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6530647CC367FF5AFE976F394DAD" pageId="16" pageNumber="459" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BEA36BB647CC367FF5AFE976F394DAD" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis id="B921EAA9647CC367FF5AFE976A724D41" bold="true" box="[199,315,295,321]" pageId="16" pageNumber="459">Remarks.</emphasis>
The specimen reported upon here perfectly matches the few available previous descriptions for the species. Live color, surface characteristics, shape and dimensions of spicules fit well with the description of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A647CC367FAFAFEFB6A6C4D89" author="Diaz, M. C. &amp; Alvarez, B. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M." pageId="16" pageNumber="459" pagination="31 - 41" refId="ref21585" refString="Diaz, M. C., Alvarez, B. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (1987). New species of Demospongiae (Porifera) from the national park ' Archipielago de Los Roques', Venezuela. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 57 (1), 31 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 26660644 - 05701003" type="journal article" year="1987">
Diaz 
<emphasis id="B921EAA9647CC367FF0AFEDF6B9B4D89" box="[151,210,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="459">et al.</emphasis>
(1987)
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B4A647CC367FEFCFEDF696F4D89" author="van Soest, R. W." box="[353,550,367,393]" pageId="16" pageNumber="459" pagination="1 - 225" refId="ref28674" refString="van Soest, R. W. (2017) Sponges of the Guyana shelf. Zootaxa, 4217 (1), 1 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4217.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">van Soest (2017)</bibRefCitation>
. The large apparent distribution gap between the southern 
<collectingRegion id="4991F859647CC367FB57FEDF6E424D89" box="[1226,1291,367,393]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="16" pageNumber="459">Bahia</collectingRegion>
/ 
<collectingCountry id="F342762B647CC367FABBFEDF6E234D89" box="[1318,1386,367,393]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="459">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F342762B647CC367FF0AFE236A4B4DAD" box="[151,258,403,429]" name="Suriname" pageId="16" pageNumber="459">Suriname</collectingCountry>
records is most likely an artefact of insufficient sampling or taxonomic effort.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>