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<document id="09F736192338F4A38E7B6BFE765E257C" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4229.1.1SLASH10052" ID-CLB-Dataset="37164" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.293480" ID-GBIF-Dataset="07873971-1d73-4f3a-b361-179172ec47cf" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="293480" ID-ZooBank="BCDF8F6F-B8B4-4A9D-A8B8-7EDCEF1100BE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1486544624914" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bradford-Grieve, Janet M., Blanco-Bercial, Leocadio &amp; Boxshall, Geoffrey A." docDate="2017" docId="03FC3969BB4EFF8101BE605BFAA50422" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4229.1.1SLASH10052.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4229 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Bradycalanus enormis Bjornberg 1968" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="FFC54111BB7AFFBB0129672DFFD4026A" masterDocTitle="Revision of Family Megacalanidae (Copepoda: Calanoida)" masterLastPageNumber="183" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1698436673664" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="5EAE2F93E6E048BCCF59F156A90B408A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="204C8F24ABBFA79FADA6BAA44B986E53">
<mods:title id="79142042F9E81C0C719D0D2A388D45C9">Revision of Family Megacalanidae (Copepoda: Calanoida)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="FDA5E6CFA3E6171997A52DE2C16FBFD8" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BE9380769A60E75A07794E84200F7343">
<mods:roleTerm id="029DE08C29FB9573A3CC44A5E5FC1F59">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="777C82838FC90A39ADA49DB4986E5128">Bradford-Grieve, Janet M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="B367E63E56C50BA3069A8D9E515AEC44" type="personal">
<mods:role id="35E188BBFF162F42B5AC495EF08CC53C">
<mods:roleTerm id="B26092FE06245A05325F99D921E94956">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="53D2282784BDC66DE257D6A740336433">Blanco-Bercial, Leocadio</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D43393113ECDD387E5A003C8E6057162" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B79992FC2E691047C64F805AD0D20D1E">
<mods:roleTerm id="B677AE0F4A311020E0408FC6941A04A4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="66FEBFBC854E96F15E0A0A087D2A7BEC">Boxshall, Geoffrey A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="81D5F047CD83939F7873AB05F21B9BAF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="01FA0A5143C6F215EE1C1D95B0B8C3E3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="73632DB901B5F8E96DD98732A3EA11BD">
<mods:date id="8A3600D1017591864B748194755152EF">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="CACBA63BCD097B6A141533ABA004B7FE" type="volume">
<mods:number id="7703B1C431B9468D094A3BABDFF54A33">4229</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="32A93DAB0F40F2264231A98D074D4D6C" type="issue">
<mods:number id="5028BEF28EF1147FAA46320643E8E151">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A3D30C0A227EF8CB8B024130BC593878">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="FAA5F74F0FD23E735308B1E4C0843A27">183</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="3EFD5ABC1F9590C7D6CB66D568499873">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="0166BABCFBB2B127B4FFB5CBB1231B1F" type="CLB-Dataset">37164</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7CC94B7656B715587FB3687EA55211CC" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.293480</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B6EE46533CA950E523A82CB6E01F781C" type="GBIF-Dataset">07873971-1d73-4f3a-b361-179172ec47cf</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="75EE57DFB2CAC96792E1DB3CCA5067FC" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DB39EDCA33638B969C3BD007A9F4F39C" type="Zenodo-Dep">293480</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="19229C0670D438308221B14D22EF75BF" type="ZooBank">BCDF8F6F-B8B4-4A9D-A8B8-7EDCEF1100BE</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03FC3969BB4EFF8101BE605BFAA50422" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6029166" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127644073" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6029166" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC3969BB4EFF8101BE605BFAA50422" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC3969BB4EFF8101BE605BFAA50422" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<subSubSection id="C34FDBF4BB4EFF8F01BE605BFEF305D8" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB4EFF8F01BE605BFDAF05FA" blockId="52.[151,635,1910,1970]" box="[151,635,1910,1936]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<heading id="D0A23F13BB4EFF8F01BE605BFDAF05FA" bold="true" box="[151,635,1910,1936]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB4EFF8F01BE605BFDAF05FA" authority="Bjornberg, 1968" authorityName="Bjornberg" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,635,1910,1936]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="enormis">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB4EFF8F01BE605BFDAF05FA" bold="true" box="[151,635,1910,1936]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB4EFF8F01BE605BFE7C05FA" bold="true" box="[151,424,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Bradycalanus enormis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F58EBB4EFF8F0086605BFDAF05FA" author="Bjornberg" box="[431,635,1910,1936]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Bjornberg, T. K. S. (1968) Four new species of Megacalanidae (Crustacea: Copepoda). Antarctic Research Series, 11, 73 - 90." type="journal article" year="1968">Björnberg, 1968</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB4EFF8F01BE60B4FEF305D8" blockId="52.[151,635,1910,1970]" box="[151,295,1945,1970]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
(
<figureCitation id="136E94FABB4EFF8F01B660B4FECB05D8" box="[159,287,1945,1970]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 24" captionStart-1="FIGURE 25" captionStart-2="FIGURE 26" captionStart-3="FIGURE 27" captionStart-4="FIGURE 28" captionStart-5="FIGURE 29" captionStartId-0="53.[151,250,1786,1808]" captionStartId-1="54.[151,250,1460,1482]" captionStartId-2="55.[151,250,1533,1555]" captionStartId-3="56.[151,250,1713,1735]" captionStartId-4="57.[151,250,1346,1368]" captionStartId-5="58.[151,250,1060,1082]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,193,1683]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,179,1448]" captionTargetBox-2="[170,1436,183,1520]" captionTargetBox-3="[152,1436,194,1702]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,193,1324]" captionTargetBox-5="[179,1407,395,1008]" captionTargetId-0="figure@53.[151,1436,193,1764]" captionTargetId-1="figure@54.[151,1436,179,1448]" captionTargetId-2="figure@55.[151,1436,183,1520]" captionTargetId-3="figure@56.[151,1436,193,1702]" captionTargetId-4="figure@57.[151,1436,171,1324]" captionTargetId-5="figure@58.[151,1436,365,1042]" captionTargetPageId-0="53" captionTargetPageId-1="54" captionTargetPageId-2="55" captionTargetPageId-3="56" captionTargetPageId-4="57" captionTargetPageId-5="58" captionText-0="FIGURE 24. Bradycalanus enormis Björnberg, 1968 female: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, detail of genital double-somite showing seminal receptacle (sr); D, dorsal view of caudal ramus; E, anterior view of rostral filaments; F, antennule; G, leg 1. Scale bars represent 1.0 mm on figures A, B, D, F, G; 0.1 mm on remaining figures. Illustrated specimens from: ANTXXIV / 1, Stn 6, 0 – 5038 m (A – D, F, G); MV 73 - 1, Stn 53 (E)." captionText-1="FIGURE 25. Bradycalanus enormis Björnberg, 1968 female antennule ancestral segments: A, segments I – IX; B, segments X – XVI; C, segments XVII – XXI; D, segments XXII – XXVIII; E, detail of terminal segments; F, detail of dorsal surface of segments I – V showing positions of hair sensilla (hs); G, detail of hair sensillum from segment I. Scale bars represent 1.0 mm on figures A – D, F; 0.1 mm on remaining figures. Illustrated specimen from ANTXXIV / 1, Stn 6, 0 – 5038 m." captionText-2="FIGURE 26. Bradycalanus enormis Björnberg, 1968 female: A, antenna; B, distal part of mandibular gnathobase; C, detail of dorsal border of mandibular gnathobase; D, mandibular palp; E, maxillule; F, basal endite 2 and endopod of maxillule; G, coxal endite and basal endite 1 of maxillule. Scale bars represent 1.0 mm on figures A, B, D, E; 0.1 mm on remaining figures. Illustrated specimen from ANTXXIV / 1, Stn 6, 0 – 5038 m." captionText-3="FIGURE 27. Bradycalanus enormis Björnberg, 1968 female: A, maxilla; B, detailed inner view of endopod of maxilla; C, detailed outer view of endopod of maxilla; D, detail of vestigial seta of coxal epipodite; E, seta of coxal endite 2 of maxilla; F, detail of seta of coxal endite 2 of maxilla; G, inner seta of praecoxal endite 2 of maxilla; H, seta of praecoxal endite 1 of maxilla; I, maxilliped. Scale bars represent 1.0 mm on figures A, I; 0.1 mm on remaining figures. Illustrated specimen from ANTXXIV / 1, Stn 6, 0 – 5038 m." captionText-4="FIGURE 28. Bradycalanus enormis Björnberg, 1968 female: A, leg 2; B, leg 3; C, leg 4; D, leg 5. Male: E, leg 5, anterior view; F, distal inner corner of left leg 5 exopod segment 2. Scale bars represent 1.0 mm on figures A – E; 0.1 mm on remaining figure. Illustrated specimens A – D from ANTXXIV / 1, Stn 6, 0 – 5038 m and E, F from USNM 122577 (Br. pseudotypicus enormis Björnberg, 1968)." captionText-5="FIGURE 29. Distribution of Bradycalanus species: open square = Bradycalanus enormis; filled square = Br. typicus; open triangle = Br. gigas; open circle = Br. abyssicolus n. sp.." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/310997/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/310999/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/311002/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/311004/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/311007/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/293509/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Figs 24–29</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34FDBF4BB4EFF8F01BE60F3FC7C059E" box="[151,936,2014,2037]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB4EFF8F01BE60F3FC7C059E" blockId="52.[151,936,2014,2037]" box="[151,936,2014,2037]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB4EFF8F01BE60F3FD6B059E" authority="Bjornberg, 1968" authorityName="Bjornberg" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,703,2014,2037]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pseudotypicus" subSpecies="enormis">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB4EFF8F01BE60F3FDC5059F" box="[151,529,2014,2037]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Bradycalanus pseudotypicus enormis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F58EBB4EFF8F033E60F3FD6B059E" author="Bjornberg" box="[535,703,2014,2036]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Bjornberg, T. K. S. (1968) Four new species of Megacalanidae (Crustacea: Copepoda). Antarctic Research Series, 11, 73 - 90." type="journal article" year="1968">Björnberg, 1968</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pp 85–89, figs 64–77.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF2AD8F7BB4FFF8E01BE61D7FD490501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/310997/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1683]" targetPageId="53">
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB4FFF8E01BE61D7FD490501" blockId="53.[151,1436,1786,1899]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB4FFF8E01BE61D7FECB057A" bold="true" box="[151,287,1786,1808]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 24.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB4FFF8E000D61D7FD67057A" authority="Bjornberg, 1968" authorityName="Bjornberg" authorityYear="1968" box="[292,691,1786,1808]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="enormis">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB4FFF8E000D61D7FDDD057A" box="[292,521,1786,1808]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Bradycalanus enormis</emphasis>
Björnberg, 1968
</taxonomicName>
female: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, detail of genital double-somite showing seminal receptacle (sr); D, dorsal view of caudal ramus; E, anterior view of rostral filaments; F, antennule; G, leg 1. Scale bars represent 1.0 mm on figures A, B, D, F, G; 0.1 mm on remaining figures. Illustrated specimens from: ANTXXIV/1, Stn 6, 0–5038 m (A–D, F, G); MV73-1, Stn 53 (E).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2AD8F7BB4CFF8D01BE6299FB68044F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/310999/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" targetBox="[151,1435,179,1448]" targetPageId="54">
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB4CFF8D01BE6299FB68044F" blockId="54.[151,1436,1460,1573]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB4CFF8D01BE6299FEF607A0" bold="true" box="[151,290,1460,1482]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">FIGURE 25.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB4CFF8D00026299FD1707A0" authority="Bjornberg, 1968" authorityName="Bjornberg" authorityYear="1968" box="[299,707,1460,1482]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="enormis">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB4CFF8D00026299FDC607A0" box="[299,530,1460,1482]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Bradycalanus enormis</emphasis>
Björnberg, 1968
</taxonomicName>
female antennule ancestral segments: A, segments I–IX; B, segments X–XVI; C, segments XVII–XXI; D, segments XXII–XXVIII; E, detail of terminal segments; F, detail of dorsal surface of segments I–V showing positions of hair sensilla (hs); G, detail of hair sensillum from segment I. Scale bars represent 1.0 mm on figures A–D, F; 0.1 mm on remaining figures. Illustrated specimen from ANTXXIV/1, Stn 6, 0–5038 m.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34FDBF4BB4CFF8201BE6162FDD405CE" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB4CFF8D01BE6162FDCE040D" blockId="54.[151,1437,1612,2037]" box="[151,538,1612,1640]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB4CFF8D01BE6162FEE10402" bold="true" box="[151,309,1615,1640]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Type locality.</emphasis>
40.766o S 76.800o W.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB4CFF8D01EE6159FC200577" blockId="54.[151,1437,1612,2037]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB4CFF8D01EE6159FE6704E7" bold="true" box="[199,435,1652,1677]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Material examined.</emphasis>
ANTXXIV/1, Stn 6, MOC10,
<quantity id="4CAD259ABB4CFF8D02366159FC4104E6" box="[799,917,1652,1677]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.519" metricValueMax="5.038" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="2519.0" valueMax="5038.0" valueMin="0.0">0–5038 m</quantity>
, 1♀ (
<quantity id="4CAD259ABB4CFF8D02F06159FB9104E6" box="[985,1093,1652,1677]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="16.5">16.5 mm</quantity>
), Co360.1.1. Eltanin Stn 175, IKMT,
<quantity id="4CAD259ABB4CFF8D01C361B5FE9604C5" box="[234,322,1688,1712]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.893" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="2893.0">2893 m</quantity>
, 1♂ (13.0 mm), Holotype USNM
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB4CFF8D039661BAFCC704DA" box="[703,787,1687,1712]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="77-12-25">122577</date>
. MV73-1, Stn 53, IKMT,
<quantity id="4CAD259ABB4CFF8D051E61B5FB7E04C5" box="[1079,1194,1688,1712]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="1000.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="0.0">0–2000 m</quantity>
, 7♀ (
<quantity id="4CAD259ABB4CFF8D05C161BAFA4404DA" box="[1256,1424,1687,1712]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.645" metricValueMax="1.71" metricValueMin="1.58" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="16.45" valueMax="17.1" valueMin="15.8">15.8–17.1 mm</quantity>
). Records from Natural History Museum, London: Discovery Stns, RMT8: 8508#78,
<quantity id="4CAD259ABB4CFF8D05636191FB3C04BE" box="[1098,1256,1724,1749]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="2800.0" valueMax="3100.0" valueMin="2500.0">2500–3100 m</quantity>
, 1♀ (
<quantity id="4CAD259ABB4CFF8D040F6191FA4404BE" box="[1318,1424,1724,1749]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="15.8">15.8 mm</quantity>
), BMNH 2015.2936; 8509#20,
<quantity id="4CAD259ABB4CFF8D032A61F2FD7E049D" box="[515,682,1759,1784]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="3250.0" valueMax="3500.0" valueMin="3000.0">3000–3500 m</quantity>
, 1♀ (
<quantity id="4CAD259ABB4CFF8D03D361F2FCB80492" box="[762,876,1759,1784]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.53" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="15.3">15.3 mm</quantity>
), BMNH 1993.1462. Additional records from Smithsonian Institution, USNM numbers:
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB4CFF8D035B6029FD1D0577" box="[626,713,1796,1821]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="77-12-25">122577</date>
, 302082, 299634, 269510.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB4CFF8D01EE600AFCBA052A" blockId="54.[151,1437,1612,2037]" box="[199,878,1831,1856]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB4CFF8D01EE600AFE42052A" bold="true" box="[199,406,1831,1856]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Genetic material.</emphasis>
Co360.1.1. GenBank numbers in
<tableCitation id="C6D7BDC4BB4CFF8D023D600AFCBE052A" box="[788,874,1831,1856]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="23.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 6. Individual taxa, gene sampling and GenBank accession numbers of each sequence used for the molecular study. In italics, sequences from previous studies downloaded from GenBank." pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Table 6</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB4CFF8D01EE6061FB84050F" blockId="54.[151,1437,1612,2037]" box="[199,1104,1868,1893]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB4CFF8D01EE6061FDDF050F" bold="true" box="[199,523,1868,1893]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Morphological description.</emphasis>
As for genus with following specific level features.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB4CFF8D01EE6042FE18059F" blockId="54.[151,1437,1612,2037]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
Female (
<figureCitation id="136E94FABB4CFF8D00016042FE7305E2" box="[296,423,1903,1928]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 24" captionStart-1="FIGURE 25" captionStart-2="FIGURE 26" captionStart-3="FIGURE 27" captionStart-4="FIGURE 28" captionStartId-0="53.[151,250,1786,1808]" captionStartId-1="54.[151,250,1460,1482]" captionStartId-2="55.[151,250,1533,1555]" captionStartId-3="56.[151,250,1713,1735]" captionStartId-4="57.[151,250,1346,1368]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,193,1683]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,179,1448]" captionTargetBox-2="[170,1436,183,1520]" captionTargetBox-3="[152,1436,194,1702]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,193,1324]" captionTargetId-0="figure@53.[151,1436,193,1764]" captionTargetId-1="figure@54.[151,1436,179,1448]" captionTargetId-2="figure@55.[151,1436,183,1520]" captionTargetId-3="figure@56.[151,1436,193,1702]" captionTargetId-4="figure@57.[151,1436,171,1324]" captionTargetPageId-0="53" captionTargetPageId-1="54" captionTargetPageId-2="55" captionTargetPageId-3="56" captionTargetPageId-4="57" captionText-0="FIGURE 24. Bradycalanus enormis Björnberg, 1968 female: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, detail of genital double-somite showing seminal receptacle (sr); D, dorsal view of caudal ramus; E, anterior view of rostral filaments; F, antennule; G, leg 1. Scale bars represent 1.0 mm on figures A, B, D, F, G; 0.1 mm on remaining figures. Illustrated specimens from: ANTXXIV / 1, Stn 6, 0 – 5038 m (A – D, F, G); MV 73 - 1, Stn 53 (E)." captionText-1="FIGURE 25. Bradycalanus enormis Björnberg, 1968 female antennule ancestral segments: A, segments I – IX; B, segments X – XVI; C, segments XVII – XXI; D, segments XXII – XXVIII; E, detail of terminal segments; F, detail of dorsal surface of segments I – V showing positions of hair sensilla (hs); G, detail of hair sensillum from segment I. Scale bars represent 1.0 mm on figures A – D, F; 0.1 mm on remaining figures. Illustrated specimen from ANTXXIV / 1, Stn 6, 0 – 5038 m." captionText-2="FIGURE 26. Bradycalanus enormis Björnberg, 1968 female: A, antenna; B, distal part of mandibular gnathobase; C, detail of dorsal border of mandibular gnathobase; D, mandibular palp; E, maxillule; F, basal endite 2 and endopod of maxillule; G, coxal endite and basal endite 1 of maxillule. Scale bars represent 1.0 mm on figures A, B, D, E; 0.1 mm on remaining figures. Illustrated specimen from ANTXXIV / 1, Stn 6, 0 – 5038 m." captionText-3="FIGURE 27. Bradycalanus enormis Björnberg, 1968 female: A, maxilla; B, detailed inner view of endopod of maxilla; C, detailed outer view of endopod of maxilla; D, detail of vestigial seta of coxal epipodite; E, seta of coxal endite 2 of maxilla; F, detail of seta of coxal endite 2 of maxilla; G, inner seta of praecoxal endite 2 of maxilla; H, seta of praecoxal endite 1 of maxilla; I, maxilliped. Scale bars represent 1.0 mm on figures A, I; 0.1 mm on remaining figures. Illustrated specimen from ANTXXIV / 1, Stn 6, 0 – 5038 m." captionText-4="FIGURE 28. Bradycalanus enormis Björnberg, 1968 female: A, leg 2; B, leg 3; C, leg 4; D, leg 5. Male: E, leg 5, anterior view; F, distal inner corner of left leg 5 exopod segment 2. Scale bars represent 1.0 mm on figures A – E; 0.1 mm on remaining figure. Illustrated specimens A – D from ANTXXIV / 1, Stn 6, 0 – 5038 m and E, F from USNM 122577 (Br. pseudotypicus enormis Björnberg, 1968)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/310997/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/310999/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/311002/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/311004/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/311007/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 24–28</figureCitation>
). Total length
<quantity id="4CAD259ABB4CFF8D036F6042FD6E05ED" box="[582,698,1903,1928]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.636" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="16.36">16.36 mm</quantity>
, (mean
<quantity id="4CAD259ABB4CFF8D023B6042FCAC05ED" box="[786,888,1903,1928]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="15.5">15.5 mm</quantity>
, range
<quantity id="4CAD259ABB4CFF8D02E0605DFBBA05ED" box="[969,1134,1904,1928]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" metricValueMax="1.71" metricValueMin="1.41" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="15.6" valueMax="17.1" valueMin="14.1">14.1–17.1 mm</quantity>
, n = 8). Anterior margin of head in dorsal view rounded, without projection (
<figureCitation id="136E94FABB4CFF8D03EE60B9FCCA05C6" box="[711,798,1940,1965]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1786,1808]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[151,1436,193,1764]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 24. Bradycalanus enormis Björnberg, 1968 female: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, detail of genital double-somite showing seminal receptacle (sr); D, dorsal view of caudal ramus; E, anterior view of rostral filaments; F, antennule; G, leg 1. Scale bars represent 1.0 mm on figures A, B, D, F, G; 0.1 mm on remaining figures. Illustrated specimens from: ANTXXIV / 1, Stn 6, 0 – 5038 m (A – D, F, G); MV 73 - 1, Stn 53 (E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/310997/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Figs 24</figureCitation>
A, B). Pedigerous somite
<quantity id="4CAD259ABB4CFF8D056A60B9FBBB05C7" box="[1091,1135,1940,1965]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
lateral view extended into triangular lappets terminating in short point or triangular spine (
<figureCitation id="136E94FABB4CFF8D025C609AFC1D05BA" box="[885,969,1975,2000]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1786,1808]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[151,1436,193,1764]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 24. Bradycalanus enormis Björnberg, 1968 female: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, detail of genital double-somite showing seminal receptacle (sr); D, dorsal view of caudal ramus; E, anterior view of rostral filaments; F, antennule; G, leg 1. Scale bars represent 1.0 mm on figures A, B, D, F, G; 0.1 mm on remaining figures. Illustrated specimens from: ANTXXIV / 1, Stn 6, 0 – 5038 m (A – D, F, G); MV 73 - 1, Stn 53 (E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/310997/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
A). Genital double-somite in dorsal view widest at anterior one third.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2AD8F7BB4DFF8C01BE62D0FD370405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/311002/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" targetBox="[170,1436,183,1520]" targetPageId="55">
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB4DFF8C01BE62D0FD370405" blockId="55.[151,1436,1533,1647]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB4DFF8C01BE62D0FEF40479" bold="true" box="[151,288,1533,1555]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 26.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB4DFF8C000F62D0FD630479" authority="Bjornberg, 1968" authorityName="Bjornberg" authorityYear="1968" box="[294,695,1533,1555]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="enormis">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB4DFF8C000F62D0FDDF0479" box="[294,523,1533,1555]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Bradycalanus enormis</emphasis>
Björnberg, 1968
</taxonomicName>
female: A, antenna; B, distal part of mandibular gnathobase; C, detail of dorsal border of mandibular gnathobase; D, mandibular palp; E, maxillule; F, basal endite 2 and endopod of maxillule; G, coxal endite and basal endite 1 of maxillule. Scale bars represent 1.0 mm on figures A, B, D, E; 0.1 mm on remaining figures. Illustrated specimen from ANTXXIV/1, Stn 6, 0–5038 m.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB4DFF8C01EE61BBFECD0509" blockId="55.[151,1436,1686,2036]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
Antennule (
<figureCitation id="136E94FABB4DFF8C006361BBFE4A04C5" box="[330,414,1686,1711]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1786,1808]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[151,1436,193,1764]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 24. Bradycalanus enormis Björnberg, 1968 female: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, detail of genital double-somite showing seminal receptacle (sr); D, dorsal view of caudal ramus; E, anterior view of rostral filaments; F, antennule; G, leg 1. Scale bars represent 1.0 mm on figures A, B, D, F, G; 0.1 mm on remaining figures. Illustrated specimens from: ANTXXIV / 1, Stn 6, 0 – 5038 m (A – D, F, G); MV 73 - 1, Stn 53 (E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/310997/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Figs 24</figureCitation>
F, 25) extending about 7 segments beyond caudal rami; lengths of antennule segments (µm) as follows. Measurements taken along posterior border of each segment but two (posterior (shortest) and anterior) measurements taken of ancestral segment I. I (370, 1101); II–IV (1101); V (407); VI (443); VII (512); VIII (500); IX (505); X–XI (948); XII (751); XIII (782); XIV (979); XV (1115); XVI (1160); XVII (1223); XVIII (1220); XIX (1268); XX (1273); XXI (1376); XXII (1069); XXIII (1000);
<collectionCode id="ED4410BABB4DFF8C02796005FC420555" box="[848,918,1832,1855]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">XXIV</collectionCode>
(1005); XXV (866); XXVI (421); XXVII (-); XXVIII (-).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB4DFF8C01EE6042FCBD05C1" blockId="55.[151,1436,1686,2036]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
Antenna (
<figureCitation id="136E94FABB4DFF8C00116043FE5805ED" box="[312,396,1902,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1533,1555]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,183,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[151,1436,183,1520]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 26. Bradycalanus enormis Björnberg, 1968 female: A, antenna; B, distal part of mandibular gnathobase; C, detail of dorsal border of mandibular gnathobase; D, mandibular palp; E, maxillule; F, basal endite 2 and endopod of maxillule; G, coxal endite and basal endite 1 of maxillule. Scale bars represent 1.0 mm on figures A, B, D, E; 0.1 mm on remaining figures. Illustrated specimen from ANTXXIV / 1, Stn 6, 0 – 5038 m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/311002/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
A) exopod segments I–III each with short but well-developed seta, segment IV with welldeveloped seta extending as far as distal border of segment VIII.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB4DFF8C01EE609BFCC9059E" blockId="55.[151,1436,1686,2036]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
Maxillule (
<figureCitation id="136E94FABB4DFF8C006D609BFE4105A5" box="[324,405,1974,1999]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1533,1555]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,183,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[151,1436,183,1520]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 26. Bradycalanus enormis Björnberg, 1968 female: A, antenna; B, distal part of mandibular gnathobase; C, detail of dorsal border of mandibular gnathobase; D, mandibular palp; E, maxillule; F, basal endite 2 and endopod of maxillule; G, coxal endite and basal endite 1 of maxillule. Scale bars represent 1.0 mm on figures A, B, D, E; 0.1 mm on remaining figures. Illustrated specimen from ANTXXIV / 1, Stn 6, 0 – 5038 m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/311002/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
E–G) coxal endite with 5 setae, one of them short; endopod segment 2 with one long and 1 vestigial seta, segment 3 with posterior surface seta short.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2AD8F7BB42FF8301BE619CFE0C0528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/311004/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" targetBox="[152,1436,194,1702]" targetPageId="56">
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB42FF8301BE619CFE0C0528" blockId="56.[151,1436,1713,1858]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB42FF8301BE619CFEF604AD" bold="true" box="[151,290,1713,1735]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 27.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB42FF830002619CFD1704AD" authority="Bjornberg, 1968" authorityName="Bjornberg" authorityYear="1968" box="[299,707,1713,1735]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="enormis">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB42FF830002619CFDC604AD" box="[299,530,1713,1735]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Bradycalanus enormis</emphasis>
Björnberg, 1968
</taxonomicName>
female: A, maxilla; B, detailed inner view of endopod of maxilla; C, detailed outer view of endopod of maxilla; D, detail of vestigial seta of coxal epipodite; E, seta of coxal endite 2 of maxilla; F, detail of seta of coxal endite 2 of maxilla; G, inner seta of praecoxal endite 2 of maxilla; H, seta of praecoxal endite 1 of maxilla; I, maxilliped. Scale bars represent 1.0 mm on figures A, I; 0.1 mm on remaining figures. Illustrated specimen from ANTXXIV/1, Stn 6, 0–5038 m.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB42FF8301EE6047FD550584" blockId="56.[151,1436,1897,2030]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
Leg 1 (
<figureCitation id="136E94FABB42FF8300346044FEA505E8" box="[285,369,1897,1922]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1786,1808]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[151,1436,193,1764]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 24. Bradycalanus enormis Björnberg, 1968 female: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, detail of genital double-somite showing seminal receptacle (sr); D, dorsal view of caudal ramus; E, anterior view of rostral filaments; F, antennule; G, leg 1. Scale bars represent 1.0 mm on figures A, B, D, F, G; 0.1 mm on remaining figures. Illustrated specimens from: ANTXXIV / 1, Stn 6, 0 – 5038 m (A – D, F, G); MV 73 - 1, Stn 53 (E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/310997/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
G) exopod segment 3, about 2.7 times as long as maximum width; distal border of endopod segment 1 extends as far as distal border of exopod segment 1; exopod outer spines: on segment 1 extends less than half way along segment 2; on segment 2 extends half distance to first spine on segment 3; segment 3 proximal spine extends almost to base of distal spine.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2AD8F7BB43FF8201BE626FFE7707D9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/311007/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1324]" targetPageId="57">
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB43FF8201BE626FFE7707D9" blockId="57.[151,1436,1346,1460]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB43FF8201BE626FFEF50732" bold="true" box="[151,289,1346,1368]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">FIGURE 28.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB43FF820000626FFD140732" authority="Bjornberg, 1968" authorityName="Bjornberg" authorityYear="1968" box="[297,704,1346,1368]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="enormis">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB43FF820000626FFDC40732" box="[297,528,1346,1368]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bradycalanus enormis</emphasis>
Björnberg, 1968
</taxonomicName>
female: A, leg 2; B, leg 3; C, leg 4; D, leg 5. Male: E, leg 5, anterior view; F, distal inner corner of left leg 5 exopod segment 2. Scale bars represent 1.0 mm on figures A–E; 0.1 mm on remaining figure. Illustrated specimens A–D from ANTXXIV/1, Stn 6, 0–5038 m and E, F from USNM122577 (
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB43FF8205CC62ADFE4C07D9" authority="Bjornberg, 1968" authorityName="Bjornberg" authorityYear="1968" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pseudotypicus" subSpecies="enormis">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB43FF8205CC62ADFF3D07DE" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Br. pseudotypicus enormis</emphasis>
Björnberg, 1968
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB43FF8201EE62F6FDDE0472" blockId="57.[151,1437,1499,2028]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
Male (
<figureCitation id="136E94FABB43FF82002662F6FEB7079E" box="[271,355,1499,1524]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1548,1570]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1538]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[151,1436,193,1539]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 31. Bradycalanus typicus A. Scott, 1909 male: A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, dorsal view of caudal ramus; D, leg 1. Scale bars represent 1.0 mm on figures A, B; 0.1 mm on remaining figures." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/311012/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figs 31</figureCitation>
–34:
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB43FF8200B262F1FDC40799" box="[411,528,1500,1523]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typicus">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB43FF8200B262F1FDC40799" box="[411,528,1500,1523]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Br. typicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Total length 13.0 mm. Anterior head rounded in dorsal view. Pedigerous somite
<quantity id="4CAD259ABB43FF8201BE62D2FF160472" box="[151,194,1535,1560]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
lateral view slightly pointed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB43FF8201EE610EFEAF040A" blockId="57.[151,1437,1499,2028]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
Antennule could not be checked as the holotype slide of
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB43FF8202656109FBA10451" box="[844,1141,1571,1595]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pseudotypicus" subSpecies="enormis">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB43FF8202656109FBA10451" box="[844,1141,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Br. pseudotypicus enormis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNM
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB43FF8205F0610EFAF90456" box="[1241,1325,1571,1596]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="77-12-25">122577</date>
) does not have the antennules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB43FF8201EE6141FD4A04CD" blockId="57.[151,1437,1499,2028]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Antenna exopod segments I–IV each with less well-developed setae than in female; maxillule endopod segment 1 with 2 setae, segment 2 with 1 seta.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB43FF8201EE6199FEC50485" blockId="57.[151,1437,1499,2028]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
Leg 1 could not be checked because the holotype slide of
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB43FF8202786199FBA304A1" box="[849,1143,1715,1739]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pseudotypicus" subSpecies="enormis">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB43FF8202786199FBA304A1" box="[849,1143,1715,1739]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Br. pseudotypicus enormis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNM
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB43FF8205F3619EFAFA04A6" box="[1242,1326,1715,1740]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="77-12-25">122577</date>
) does not have leg 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB43FF8201EE61D1FDD405CE" blockId="57.[151,1437,1499,2028]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
Leg 5 (
<figureCitation id="136E94FABB43FF82003F61D6FEB3057E" box="[278,359,1787,1812]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="57.[151,250,1346,1368]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1324]" captionTargetId="figure@57.[151,1436,171,1324]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 28. Bradycalanus enormis Björnberg, 1968 female: A, leg 2; B, leg 3; C, leg 4; D, leg 5. Male: E, leg 5, anterior view; F, distal inner corner of left leg 5 exopod segment 2. Scale bars represent 1.0 mm on figures A – E; 0.1 mm on remaining figure. Illustrated specimens A – D from ANTXXIV / 1, Stn 6, 0 – 5038 m and E, F from USNM 122577 (Br. pseudotypicus enormis Björnberg, 1968)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/311007/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
E, F) left exopod segment 2 specialised seta tapering, with small proximal tapering projection on outer margin; specialised seta in form of long setulose lash extending short of distal border of endopod segment 3; inner border of left exopod segment 3 setulose with inner articulated spine inserted just proximal to second outer (terminal) spine; inner border of right exopod segment 3 naked and without notches, inner articulated spine inserted distal of first outer border spine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34FDBF4BB43FF8101EE6082FBD70292" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB43FF8101EE6082FBD70292" blockId="57.[151,1437,1499,2028]" lastBlockId="58.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB43FF8201EE6082FEEF05A2" bold="true" box="[199,315,1967,1992]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Remarks.</emphasis>
The description of
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F58EBB43FF8203066082FD2C05A2" author="Bjornberg" box="[559,760,1967,1992]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refString="Bjornberg, T. K. S. (1968) Four new species of Megacalanidae (Crustacea: Copepoda). Antarctic Research Series, 11, 73 - 90." type="journal article" year="1968">Björnberg (1968)</bibRefCitation>
differs from the present description in some details but examination of the variety
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB43FF8200E360F9FD200581" box="[458,756,2003,2027]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pseudotypicus" subSpecies="enormis">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB43FF8200E360F9FD200581" box="[458,756,2003,2027]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Br. pseudotypicus enormis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNM
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB43FF82027160FEFC780586" box="[856,940,2003,2028]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="77-12-25">122577</date>
) revealed that the mouthparts and leg 1 are identical to the specimens examined here; the holotype slide of
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB40FF81025D67B4FB4B02C5" box="[884,1183,152,176]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pseudotypicus" subSpecies="enormis">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB40FF81025D67B4FB4B02C5" box="[884,1183,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Br. pseudotypicus enormis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNM
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB40FF81042D67BAFA8C02DA" box="[1284,1368,151,176]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="77-12-25">122577</date>
) does not have the antennules, nor leg 1 so these could not be checked. Based on the genetic distance data for ITS1 and ITS2 markers (see Tables 16, 17), this variety has been raised to specific rank.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34FDBF4BB40FF8101EE6629FAA50422" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB40FF8101EE6629FC15032A" blockId="58.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB40FF8101EE6629FEB40377" bold="true" box="[199,352,260,285]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB40FF81004F6629FDB60376" box="[358,610,260,284]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="enormis">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB40FF81004F6629FDB60376" box="[358,610,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Bradycalanus enormis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an abyssopelagic species taken from
<quantity id="4CAD259ABB40FF8105346629FBA50376" box="[1053,1137,260,284]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
to &lt;
<quantity id="4CAD259ABB40FF8105836629FAD50376" box="[1194,1281,260,285]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="5000.0">5000 m</quantity>
. It is has been found in the southeastern Pacific and Atlantic Oceans (
<figureCitation id="136E94FABB40FF8103D6660AFC86032A" box="[767,850,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1060,1082]" captionTargetBox="[179,1407,395,1008]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[151,1436,365,1042]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 29. Distribution of Bradycalanus species: open square = Bradycalanus enormis; filled square = Br. typicus; open triangle = Br. gigas; open circle = Br. abyssicolus n. sp.." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293509/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6D7BDC4BB40FF810277660AFC7B032A" box="[862,943,295,320]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[121,197,553,573]" captionTargetBox="[119,1865,736,1449]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Station data and capture circumstances for Megacalanidae newly studied here. BN = Benthic net; EBS-S = Epibenthic Sledge — supranet (top); IKMT = Isaacs-Kidd Midwater Trawl; = Multinet; MOC 10 = 10 m 2 MOCNESS net; MOC 1 = 1 m 2 MOCNESS net; mwo = metres of wire out; N 100 = 1 m diameter net with stramin mesh (Sewell 1935); N 200 = 2 m diameter" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2AD8F7BB7CFFBD01506504F8E5003D" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" tableUuid="DF2AD8F7BB7CFFBD01506504F8E5003D">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2AD8F7BB40FF8101BE6309FD1A0632" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293509/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" targetBox="[179,1407,395,1008]" targetPageId="58">
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB40FF8101BE6309FD1A0632" blockId="58.[151,1436,1060,1112]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB40FF8101BE6309FEF60650" bold="true" box="[151,290,1060,1082]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 29.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB40FF8100E56309FD8D0650" box="[460,601,1060,1082]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB40FF8100E56309FD8D0650" box="[460,601,1060,1082]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Bradycalanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species: open square =
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB40FF81027F6309FBEA0650" box="[854,1086,1060,1082]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="enormis">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB40FF81027F6309FBEA0650" box="[854,1086,1060,1082]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Bradycalanus enormis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; filled square =
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB40FF8105C46308FA8F0650" box="[1261,1371,1061,1082]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typicus">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB40FF8105C46308FA8F0650" box="[1261,1371,1061,1082]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Br. typicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; open triangle =
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB40FF8101D6636EFE8D0632" box="[255,345,1091,1112]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB40FF8101D6636EFE8D0632" box="[255,345,1091,1112]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Br. gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; open circle =
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB40FF8100D8636EFD5D0632" box="[497,649,1090,1112]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abyssicolus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB40FF8100D8636EFD5D0632" box="[497,649,1090,1112]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Br. abyssicolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A212E916BB40FF8103A6636FFD1C0632" box="[655,712,1090,1112]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB40FF8103A6636FFD1C0632" bold="true" box="[655,712,1090,1112]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB40FF8101EE6352FE0F0742" blockId="58.[151,1436,1151,1608]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB40FF8101EE6352FE1106F2" bold="true" box="[199,453,1151,1176]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Species comparisons.</emphasis>
Females of
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB40FF81037F63ACFD0D06FD" box="[598,729,1152,1176]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="enormis">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB40FF81037F63ACFD0D06FD" box="[598,729,1152,1176]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Br. enormis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are distinguished morphologically from their closest relative,
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB40FF8101BE6389FED906D1" box="[151,269,1188,1211]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typicus">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB40FF8101BE6389FED906D1" box="[151,269,1188,1211]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Br. typicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, only by their large size.
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB40FF8103026389FCFC06D1" box="[555,808,1188,1212]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="enormis">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB40FF8103026389FCFC06D1" box="[555,808,1188,1212]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Bradycalanus enormis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appear to be greater than
<quantity id="4CAD259ABB40FF810564638EFB4806D1" box="[1101,1180,1187,1212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
long but we cannot be certain of the identity of specimens between
<quantity id="4CAD259ABB40FF8103BB63EAFCDF06B5" box="[658,779,1223,1248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="14.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="13.0">13–15 mm</quantity>
total length. The majority of female
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB40FF81058763E4FAF206B5" box="[1198,1318,1224,1248]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typicus">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB40FF81058763E4FAF206B5" box="[1198,1318,1224,1248]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Br. typicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are
<quantity id="4CAD259ABB40FF81047E63E5FF170769" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="11.0">11–12 mm</quantity>
long with fewer specimens
<quantity id="4CAD259ABB40FF81033863C1FD5A0769" box="[529,654,1260,1284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="12.0">12–13 mm</quantity>
and longer. Females of
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB40FF81028463C1FBE60769" box="[941,1074,1260,1283]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="enormis">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB40FF81028463C1FBE60769" box="[941,1074,1260,1283]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Br. enormis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB40FF81055863C1FB3E0769" box="[1137,1258,1260,1283]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typicus">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB40FF81055863C1FB3E0769" box="[1137,1258,1260,1283]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Br. typicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have the same mouthpart setation (
<tableCitation id="C6D7BDC4BB40FF81005E6222FE190742" box="[375,461,1295,1320]" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="65.[125,198,1141,1163]" captionText="TABLE 8. Comparison of key differences among Bradycalanus species. A 1 = antennule; A 2 = antenna; Mx 1 = maxillule; C = coxal endite; P 1, 5 = leg 1, 5; Re 1 — 3 = exopod segments 1 — 3; Re I— III = exopod ancestral segments I— III; Ri 1, 3 = endopod segments 1, 3." pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Table 8</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB40FF8101EE621EFE0007D2" blockId="58.[151,1436,1151,1608]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
Males similarly vary in length (
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB40FF8103636219FD050721" box="[586,721,1332,1355]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="enormis">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB40FF8103636219FD050721" box="[586,721,1332,1355]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Br. enormis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 13.0 mm,
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB40FF81024C6219FC360721" box="[869,994,1332,1355]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typicus">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB40FF81024C6219FC360721" box="[869,994,1332,1355]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Br. typicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 11.0–
<quantity id="4CAD259ABB40FF81051E6219FB770726" box="[1079,1187,1332,1356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="11.3">11.3 mm</quantity>
). Males are possibly distinguished by the more distal insertion of the inner spine on the right leg 5 exopod segment 3 relative to the outer spine and the lack of a notch in the inner border (
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB40FF8103E26251FC9607F9" box="[715,834,1404,1427]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typicus">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB40FF8103E26251FC9607F9" box="[715,834,1404,1427]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Br. typicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has inner spine inserted opposite the outer spine and the inner border is notched).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB40FF8101EE62EEFAA50422" blockId="58.[151,1436,1151,1608]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
Females of
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB40FF81006762E9FE0607B1" box="[334,466,1476,1499]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="enormis">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB40FF81006762E9FE0607B1" box="[334,466,1476,1499]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Br. enormis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB40FF81022662E9FCA107B1" box="[783,885,1476,1499]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB40FF81022662E9FCA107B1" box="[783,885,1476,1499]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Br. gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its triangular to pointed posterior corners of pedigerous somite 5 (rounded in
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB40FF81033862C4FDA20795" box="[529,630,1512,1536]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB40FF81033862C4FDA20795" box="[529,630,1512,1536]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Br. gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), by its long antennule extending about 7 segments beyond the caudal rami (3 segments in
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB40FF8100A96121FE310449" box="[384,485,1548,1571]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB40FF8100A96121FE310449" box="[384,485,1548,1571]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Br. gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and leg 1 outer border spines of exopod segments 1 and 2 which are short and not extending as far as the base of following spine (long in
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB40FF81022D611CFCBC042D" box="[772,872,1584,1608]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="B921546DBB40FF81022D611CFCBC042D" box="[772,872,1584,1608]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Br. gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, extending to the base of the following spine).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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