972 lines
129 KiB
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972 lines
129 KiB
XML
<document id="F0E061DB2E48C5BEA8EF7751CD547962" ID-CLB-Dataset="305726" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.jcz.2023.01.003" ID-GBIF-Dataset="76d25374-8cb8-4c1f-a9f2-9db8726e2855" ID-ISSN="1873-2674" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10375602" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1702545563571" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Entiauspe-Neto, Omar M., Franco, Francisco L., Koch, Claudia, Tiutenko, Arthur, Wingert, Juliana M. & Borges-Martins, Márcio" docDate="2023" docId="03DCB451FF92FFCFB17DFB5EE3E5F89D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolAnz.303.10-25.pdf" docOrigin="Zoologischer Anzeiger 303" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2023.01.003" docStyle="DocumentStyle:32483D6D135DE2FF927BA3F1400E0FFD.1:ZoolAnz.2022-.journal_article" docStyleId="32483D6D135DE2FF927BA3F1400E0FFD" docStyleName="ZoolAnz.2022-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Liotyphlops beui" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="FFE5CC29FF95FFC3B22CFFF8E304FFC7" masterDocTitle="More than meets no eyes: Taxonomic status of a Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes: Anomalepididae) blindsnake from the Atlantic Rainforest" masterLastPageNumber="25" masterPageNumber="10" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1732951271683" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="432984AA3CB157F10CC200D23157F947">More than meets no eyes: Taxonomic status of a Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes: Anomalepididae) blindsnake from the Atlantic Rainforest</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="38F9256877AF5AA538FAE652B84546BC">Entiauspe-Neto, Omar M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5F12B2DE639C377581B5A3DEAD0911D8">Laborat´orio de Coleç ˜ oes Zool´ogicas, Instituto Butantan, 05503 - 90, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, Butanta ˜, S ˜ ao Paulo, SP, Brazil & Programa de P´os-Graduaç ˜ ao em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociˆencias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 91501 - 970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D8CFF94A72B205563BAAE8A6A0E876E2" type="email">omarentiauspe@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B452D20466FBD159CE5A6E5FB2CD9A4B">Franco, Francisco L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C8F70758AC6A1E9911A6C6F510FCF409">Laborat´orio de Coleç ˜ oes Zool´ogicas, Instituto Butantan, 05503 - 90, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, Butanta ˜, S ˜ ao Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8F9B86260750CFEFAEAC6256EE064EDF">Koch, Claudia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="31FD963A7DB7402D0369BD2FE259E1EC">Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change - Museum Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113, Bonn, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B32B832B9E62394CDC336A1A1618EA46" type="email">C.Koch@leibniz-zfmk.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="BDBB68A6C4BF9C15018340F75D8DA7ED">Tiutenko, Arthur</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="04D0814419CDC13AAE22D3666A39C7AC">Friedrich-Alexander-Universit ¨ at Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossplatz 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="12C532D85CB3275DDF05A65317E77111">Wingert, Juliana M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="978B5DF0CA3260AFB6A2EB0D4F1EE613">Laborat´orio de Coleç ˜ oes Zool´ogicas, Instituto Butantan, 05503 - 90, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, Butanta ˜, S ˜ ao Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="0F34116943552DFBA319942A11E41667">Laboratorio de Coleçoes Zoologicas, Instituto Butantan, 05503 - 90, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, Butanta, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="950C7AEAB0F44A1C5FEBAB1DF9AB3B2B">Zoologischer Anzeiger</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03DCB451FF92FFCFB17DFB5EE3E5F89D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="248133377" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DCB451FF92FFCFB17DFB5EE3E5F89D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCB451FF92FFCFB17DFB5EE3E5F89D" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" scope_family="Anomalepididae" scope_genus="Liotyphlops">
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<subSubSection id="C36F56CCFF92FFC4B17DFB5EE721FB7E" box="[849,1061,1190,1209]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF92FFC4B17DFB5EE721FB7E" blockId="7.[849,1061,1190,1238]" box="[849,1061,1190,1209]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF92FFC4B17DFB5EE721FB7E" ID-CoL="3V8YD" authority="(Amaral, 1924)" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[849,1061,1190,1209]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beui" subOrder="Serpentes">
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<emphasis id="B901D955FF92FFC4B17DFB5EE08AFB7E" bold="true" box="[849,910,1190,1209]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">L. beui</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE478B6FF92FFC4B1B0FB5EE719FB7E" author="Amaral, A." box="[924,1053,1190,1209]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" pagination="25 - 30" refId="ref13012" refString="Amaral, A., 1924. Helminthophis. Proc. New Engl. Z. Club. 9, 25 - 30." type="journal article" year="1924">Amaral, 1924</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="C36F56CCFF92FFC4B17DFB3AE70DFB12" box="[849,1033,1218,1238]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF92FFC4B17DFB3AE70DFB12" blockId="7.[849,1061,1190,1238]" box="[849,1033,1218,1238]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">
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(
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<figureCitation id="134E19C2FF92FFC4B175FB3AE093FB12" box="[857,919,1218,1237]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[1037,1067,149,166]" captionTargetBox="[102,1010,149,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-8@1.[100,1012,148,1912]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and Ecological Niche Models delimited based on Liotyphlops from the Atlantic Rainforest biome in South America. A) SP01, based on topotypical specimens and an additional series of Liotyphlops beui from the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil; B) SP02, based on specimens of Liotyphlops caissara from lowland Atlantic Rainforest of coastal southeastern Brazil; C) SP03, based on the holotype of Liotyphlops sousai from the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil; D) SP04, based on the holotype and an additional specimen of Liotyphlops ternetzii from the Cerrado of Brazil and Paraguay; E) SP05, based on the holotype of Liotyphlops trefauti from the Atlantic Rainforest of northeastern Brazil; F) SP06, based on a specimen of Liotyphlops wilderi from montane Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375604/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134E19C2FF92FFC4B188FB3AE0CCFB12" box="[932,968,1218,1238]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="6.[1039,1069,149,166]" captionStartId-1="6.[100,130,1814,1831]" captionStartId-2="7.[100,130,1013,1030]" captionTargetBox-0="[100,1015,148,707]" captionTargetBox-1="[344,1252,840,1780]" captionTargetBox-2="[118,747,149,962]" captionTargetId-1="figure-285@6.[335,1253,793,1786]" captionTargetId-2="figure-707@7.[106,767,148,986]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionText-0="Fig. 4. Maximum clade credibility Bayesian tree, based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene fragment, highlighting the divergence time of terminals. Bars represent the 95% Highest Posterior Density (HPD) interval for divergence dates. Scale indicates million years ago (Myr). Full topology and posterior probability support of nodes are provided as supplementary material. Analyses of species delimitation are: Bayesian Poisson Tree Process (bPTP); Poisson Tree Process (PTP); Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP); Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC). Inset photograph: Liotyphlops aff. wilderi from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Photograph credits: Henrique C. Costa." captionText-1="Fig. 5. Head scalation of Liotyphlops beui (A, MCZ-R 17842, paratype) from Instituto Butantan, S˜ao Paulo, S˜ao Paulo state, southeastern Brazil, and Liotyphlops sousai (B, UFRGS 6274, holotype), from Passos Maia, Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil." captionText-2="Fig. 6. Specimens of Liotyphlops from Passos Maia, Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil. A) Dorsal and ventral views of UFRGS 6274, juvenile female holotype of Liotyphlops sousai; B) Dorsal and ventral views of UFRGS 6275, juvenile male identified as Liotyphlops beui by Santos and Reis (2018). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375612" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375614" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375618" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10375612/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10375614/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10375618/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">4–6</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134E19C2FF92FFC4B1FFFB3AE705FB12" box="[979,1025,1218,1238]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStartId-0="9.[1110,1140,1074,1091]" captionStartId-1="10.[1042,1072,149,166]" captionStartId-2="11.[100,130,1083,1100]" captionStartId-3="12.[100,130,1224,1241]" captionTargetBox-0="[101,1085,1074,1714]" captionTargetBox-1="[101,1017,149,1470]" captionTargetBox-2="[107,766,149,1055]" captionTargetBox-3="[336,1252,149,1196]" captionTargetId-0="figure-2340@9.[100,1086,1073,1715]" captionTargetId-1="figure-359@10.[100,1018,148,1471]" captionTargetId-2="figure-1097@11.[106,767,148,1056]" captionTargetId-3="figure-470@12.[335,1253,148,1197]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionTargetPageId-3="12" captionText-0="Fig. 9. Geographic distribution of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) delimited based on Liotyphlops from the Atlantic Rainforest biome (purple), in South America. SP01: Liotyphlops beui from the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil; SP02: Liotyphlops caissara from lowland Atlantic Rainforest of coastal southeastern Brazil; SP03: Liotyphlops sousai from the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil, considered herein a synonym of L. beui; SP04: Liotyphlops ternetzii from the Cerrado of Brazil and Paraguay; SP05: Liotyphlops trefauti from the Atlantic Rainforest of northeastern Brazil; SP06: Liotyphlops wilderi from montane Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil. Filled symbols represent type localities and dots represent examined specimens. Literature records are indicated with hollow symbols and follow Dixon and Kofron (1983), Nogueira et al. (2019)." captionText-1="Fig. 10. Dorsal (A), lateral (B), and ventral (C) views of the skull of Liotyphlops beui (MCZ 17842, paratype) based on μCT imagery. Different skull elements are digitally colored and the mandible is removed for better visualization. Abbreviations: BO = basioccipital; ECP = ectopterygoid; F = frontal; MX = maxilla; NA = nasal; OT = otico–occipital complex; P = parietal; PAL = palatine; PBS = parabasisphenoid; PFR = prefrontal; PMX = premaxilla; PO = postorbital; PT = pterygoid; Q = quadrate; SMX =septomaxilla; V = vomer. Scale bar = 1 mm." captionText-2="Fig. 11. Anterior (A) and posterior (B) views of the skull and lower jaw of Liotyphlops beui (MCZ 17842, paratype) based on μCT imagery. Different skull elements are digitally colored to improve visualization. Abbreviations: BO = basioccipital; CB = compound bone; CO = coronoid; D =dentary; F = frontal; MX = maxilla; NA = nasal; OT = otico–occipital complex; P =parietal; PBS = parabasisphenoid; PFR =prefrontal; PMX =premaxilla; PO =postorbital; PT = pterygoid; Q =quadrate; SMX =septomaxilla; SP =splenial. Scale bar =1 mm." captionText-3="Fig. 12. Lateral (A), medial (B), dorsal (C), and ventral (D) views of the lower jaw of Liotyphlops beui (MCZ 17842, paratype) based on μCT imagery. Different skull elements are digitally colored to improve visualization. Abbreviations: CB =compound bone; CO =coronoid; D =dentary; RP =retroarticular process of compound bone; SP = splenial. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375624" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375626" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375628" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375630" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10375624/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10375626/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10375628/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10375630/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">9–12</figureCitation>
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||
)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF92FFC4B11EFB02E0D5FACA" blockId="7.[818,1488,1274,1544]" box="[818,977,1274,1293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="B901D955FF92FFC4B11EFB02E0D5FACA" bold="true" box="[818,977,1274,1293]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">3.3.1. Synonymy</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF92FFC4B17DFAEEE684FA5F" blockId="7.[818,1488,1274,1544]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB652269FF92FFC4B17DFAEEE684FA5F" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD42356FF92FFC4B17DFAEEE791FAEE" author="Amaral, A." box="[849,1173,1302,1321]" page="25" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" year="1924">
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<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF92FFC4B17DFAEEE791FAEE" authority="Amaral, 1924: 25" authorityName="Amaral" authorityPageNumber="25" authorityYear="1924" box="[849,1173,1302,1321]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Helmintophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beui">
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<emphasis id="B901D955FF92FFC4B17DFAEEE0F4FAEE" bold="true" box="[849,1008,1302,1321]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">Helmintophis beui</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE478B6FF92FFC4B1D9FAEEE791FAEE" author="Amaral, A." box="[1013,1173,1302,1321]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" pagination="25 - 30" refId="ref13012" refString="Amaral, A., 1924. Helminthophis. Proc. New Engl. Z. Club. 9, 25 - 30." type="journal article" year="1924">Amaral, 1924:25</bibRefCitation>
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.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1D0F1AFF92FFC4B6B2FAEEE0ECFAA6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4986937301" collectionCode="IBSP, MCZ, BMNH" country="Brazil" county="Stao Paulo" elevation="761" location="Instituto Butantan" municipality="Stao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="IBSP 1806" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Stao Paulo" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CEBBE5FF92FFC4B6B2FAEEE7F3FAEE" box="[1182,1271,1302,1321]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD3AD3CFF92FFC4B6D3FAEEE664FAEE" box="[1279,1376,1302,1321]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">IBSP 1806</specimenCode>
|
||
(lost), from
|
||
<location id="8EAA539CFF92FFC4B11EFACAE0DFFA82" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DCB451FF92FFCFB17DFB5EE3E5F89D:8EAA539CFF92FFC4B11EFACAE0DFFA82" box="[818,987,1330,1349]" country="Brazil" county="Stao Paulo" municipality="Stao Paulo" name="Instituto Butantan" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Stao Paulo">Instituto Butantan</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF92FFC4B1C4FACAE720FA82" box="[1000,1060,1330,1349]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.609999999999999" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="761.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0058E274FF92FFC4B1C4FACAE720FA82" box="[1000,1060,1330,1349]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.609999999999999" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="761.0">761 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
above sea level),
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAE9F3DFF92FFC4B6E6FACAE622FA82" box="[1226,1318,1329,1349]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">S˜ao Paulo</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
municipality,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B1CBA5FF92FFC4B782FACAE063FAA6" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">S˜ao Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
state,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36245D7FF92FFC4B186FAB6E0E0FAA6" box="[938,996,1358,1377]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1D0F1AFF92FFC4B1C3FAB6E678FA5F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4986937302" collectionCode="IBSP, MCZ, BMNH" country="Brazil" county="Stao Paulo" location="Instituto Butantan" municipality="Stao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="IBSP 281, 282, 652, 1041, MCZ 16702, 17842, BMNH 1946.1.11.12" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Stao Paulo" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CEBBE5FF92FFC4B1C3FAB6E74AFAA6" box="[1007,1102,1358,1377]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD3AD3CFF92FFC4B675FAB6E7B5FAA6" box="[1113,1201,1358,1377]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">IBSP 281</specimenCode>
|
||
(lost),
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD3AD3CFF92FFC4B6D6FAB6E61AFAA6" box="[1274,1310,1358,1377]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">282</specimenCode>
|
||
(Lost),
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD3AD3CFF92FFC4B747FAB6E68BFAA6" box="[1387,1423,1358,1377]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">652</specimenCode>
|
||
(lost),
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD3AD3CFF92FFC4B11EFA92E066FABA" box="[818,866,1386,1405]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">1041</specimenCode>
|
||
(lost),
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD3AD3CFF92FFC4B184FA92E71DFABA" box="[936,1049,1386,1405]" collectionCode="MCZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">MCZ 16702</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD3AD3CFF92FFC4B608FA92E766FABA" box="[1060,1122,1386,1405]" collectionCode="MCZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">17842</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD3AD3CFF92FFC4B642FA92E630FABA" box="[1134,1332,1386,1405]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">BMNH 1946.1.11.12</specimenCode>
|
||
, also from
|
||
<location id="8EAA539CFF92FFC4B7B3FA92E0B2FA5E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DCB451FF92FFCFB17DFB5EE3E5F89D:8EAA539CFF92FFC4B7B3FA92E0B2FA5E" country="Brazil" county="Stao Paulo" municipality="Stao Paulo" name="Instituto Butantan" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Stao Paulo">Instituto Butantan</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAE9F3DFF92FFC4B1ECFA7EE718FA5F" box="[960,1052,1412,1433]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">S˜ao Paulo</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
municipality,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B1CBA5FF92FFC4B68AFA7EE607FA5F" box="[1190,1283,1412,1433]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">S˜ao Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
state,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36245D7FF92FFC4B76EFA7DE678FA5F" box="[1346,1404,1413,1432]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF92FFC4B17DFA5AE0ACF9CF" blockId="7.[818,1488,1274,1544]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB652269FF92FFC4B17DFA5AE0ACF9CF" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD42356FF92FFC4B17DFA5AE794FA73" author="Santos, F. J. M. & Reis, R. E." box="[849,1168,1441,1461]" page="507" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" year="2018">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF92FFC4B17DFA5AE794FA73" ID-CoL="88KBD" authority="Santos & Reis, 2018: 507" authorityName="Santos & Reis" authorityPageNumber="507" authorityYear="2018" box="[849,1168,1441,1461]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sousai" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF92FFC4B17DFA5AE09BFA73" bold="true" box="[849,927,1441,1461]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">L. sousai</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE478B6FF92FFC4B18AFA59E794FA73" author="Santos, F. J. M. & Reis, R. E." box="[934,1168,1441,1461]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" pagination="507 - 514" refId="ref15631" refString="Santos, F. J. M., Reis, R. E., 2018. Two new blind snake species of the genus Liotyphlops (Serpentes: Anomalepididae), from central and SouthSouth Brazil. Copeia 106, 507 - 514." type="journal article" year="2018">Santos & Reis, 2018:507</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CEBBE5FF92FFC4B6B6FA59E7F7FA73" box="[1178,1267,1441,1460]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD3AD3CFF92FFC4B6D1FA59E672FA73" box="[1277,1398,1441,1460]" collectionCode="UFRGS" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q02-t412" name="Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">UFRGS 6274</specimenCode>
|
||
(juvenile female), from
|
||
<location id="8EAA539CFF92FFC4B195FA45E0EAFA17" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DCB451FF92FFCFB17DFB5EE3E5F89D:8EAA539CFF92FFC4B195FA45E0EAFA17" box="[953,1006,1469,1488]" country="Brazil" county="Passos Maia" municipality="Passos Maia" name="Usina" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">Usina</location>
|
||
Hidrel´etrica
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAE9F3DFF92FFC4B640FA46E7DAFA17" box="[1132,1246,1469,1489]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">Passos Maia</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<elevation id="0058E274FF92FFC4B6C0FA45E6C0FA17" box="[1260,1476,1469,1489]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="800.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF92FFC4B6C0FA45E62EFA16" box="[1260,1322,1469,1489]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62AB7DCBFF92FFC4B11EFA22E0B5FA2B" box="[818,945,1497,1517]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">Passos Maia</collectingCounty>
|
||
municipality,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B1CBA5FF92FFC4B67AFA21E634FA2A" box="[1110,1328,1497,1517]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">Santa Catarina state</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36245D7FF92FFC4B764FA21E686FA2B" box="[1352,1410,1497,1516]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. [
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF92FFC4B78EFA21E09EF9CF" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">New synonymy</emphasis>
|
||
].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF92FFC4B11EF9D5E0ABF99B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF92FFC4B11EF9D5E71CF9F8" blockId="7.[818,1488,1580,1628]" box="[818,1048,1580,1600]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">3.3.2. Heterochresonymy</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF92FFCBB17DF9B1E2C0FA32" blockId="7.[818,1488,1580,1628]" lastBlockId="8.[100,452,1506,1526]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF92FFC4B17DF9B1E0ABF99B" ID-CoL="3V8YR" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[849,943,1609,1628]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ternetzii" subOrder="Serpentes">L. ternetzii</taxonomicName>
|
||
[non
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF92FFC4B1CAF9B0E672F99B" authority="Boulenger, 1896: 584" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityPageNumber="584" authorityYear="1896" box="[998,1398,1608,1628]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Helmintophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ternetzii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF92FFC4B1CAF9B0E7A3F99B" bold="true" box="[998,1191,1608,1628]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">Helmintophis ternetzii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE478B6FF92FFC4B680F9B1E672F99B" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[1196,1398,1609,1628]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" pagination="727" refId="ref13250" refString="Boulenger, G. A., 1896. In: Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum, vol. 3. Taylor & Francis, London, p. 727." type="book chapter" year="1896">Boulenger, 1896:584</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]: Amaral, 1924;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE478B6FF9DFFCBB28DFA1AE25AFA32" author="Santos, F. J. M. & Reis, R. E." box="[161,350,1506,1526]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" pagination="507 - 514" refId="ref15631" refString="Santos, F. J. M., Reis, R. E., 2018. Two new blind snake species of the genus Liotyphlops (Serpentes: Anomalepididae), from central and SouthSouth Brazil. Copeia 106, 507 - 514." type="journal article" year="2018">Santos & Reis, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(In error).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF0A55CFFF92FFC4B248F97FE7E3F90D" ID-Table-UUID="DF0A55CFFF92FFC4B248F97FE7E3F90D" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0A55CFFF92FFC4B248F97FE7E3F90D" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" startId="7.[100,150,1671,1687]" targetBox="[116,1472,1759,1968]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF92FFC4B248F97FE3A3F95F" blockId="7.[100,1487,1671,1739]" box="[100,167,1671,1688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF92FFC4B248F97FE3A3F95F" bold="true" box="[100,167,1671,1688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">Table 1</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF92FFC4B248F959E7E3F90D" blockId="7.[100,1487,1671,1739]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Selected diagnostic characters for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF92FFC4B3A7F958E123F975" box="[395,551,1696,1714]" class="Reptilia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF92FFC4B3A7F958E2E2F976" bold="true" box="[395,486,1696,1713]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">Liotyphlops</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Atlantic Rainforest, sampled in this study (
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF92FFC4B1DEF959E0F8F976" bold="true" box="[1010,1020,1697,1713]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">n</emphasis>
|
||
= number of specimens with scale counts, * = junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF92FFC4B2E1F942E24AF90C" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[205,334,1722,1739]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beui" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF92FFC4B2E1F942E24AF90C" bold="true" box="[205,334,1722,1739]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">Liotyphlops beui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ** = species with marginal records in Atlantic Rainforest). For raw values, refer to Supplementary Table 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF92FFC4B258F927E6A4F877" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<table id="F975F7E7FF92003CB258F927E6C4F877" box="[116,1472,1759,1968]" gridcols="9" gridrows="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<tr id="35450705FF92003CB258F927E6C4F918" box="[116,1472,1759,1759]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="76946E79FF92003CB258F927E3F9F8C3" box="[116,253,1759,1796]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" rowspan="2" rowspanBelow="1">Species</th>
|
||
<th id="76946E79FF92003CB334F927E2C1F8C3" box="[280,453,1759,1796]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" rowspan="2" rowspanBelow="1">Postfrontals contacting prefrontal</th>
|
||
<th id="76946E79FF92003CB02FF927E15BF8C3" box="[515,607,1759,1796]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" rowspan="2" rowspanBelow="1">Supralabials</th>
|
||
<th id="76946E79FF92003CB051F927E1D6F8C3" box="[637,722,1759,1796]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" rowspan="2" rowspanBelow="1">Infralabials</th>
|
||
<th id="76946E79FF92003CB0DCF927E066F8C3" box="[752,866,1759,1796]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" rowspan="2" rowspanBelow="1">Anterior dorsal rows</th>
|
||
<th id="76946E79FF92003CB1A3F927E701F8C3" box="[911,1029,1759,1796]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" rowspan="2" rowspanBelow="1">Posterior dorsal rows</th>
|
||
<th id="76946E79FF92003CB61EF927E7C1F8C3" box="[1074,1221,1759,1796]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" rowspan="2" rowspanBelow="1">Dorsalson vertebral row</th>
|
||
<th id="76946E79FF92003CB6CAF927E63AF8C3" box="[1254,1342,1759,1796]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" rowspan="2" rowspanBelow="1">Mid-ventral rows</th>
|
||
<th id="76946E79FF92003CB75EF927E6C4F8C3" box="[1394,1472,1759,1796]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" rowspan="2" rowspanBelow="1">Subcaudal</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35450705FF92003CB258F8E1E6C4F8E0" box="[116,1472,1817,1831]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="76946E79FF92003CB258F8E1E3F9F8E0" box="[116,253,1817,1831]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF92FFC4B258F8E1E3A0F8E0" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[116,164,1817,1831]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beui" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF92FFC4B258F8E1E3A0F8E0" bold="true" box="[116,164,1817,1831]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">L. beui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF92FFC4B29CF8E1E3BDF8E0" bold="true" box="[176,185,1817,1831]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 30)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB334F8E1E2C1F8E0" box="[280,453,1817,1831]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">3</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB02FF8E1E15BF8E0" box="[515,607,1817,1831]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">4</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB051F8E1E1D6F8E0" box="[637,722,1817,1831]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">3</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB0DCF8E1E066F8E0" box="[752,866,1817,1831]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">22–24</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB1A3F8E1E701F8E0" box="[911,1029,1817,1831]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">20</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB61EF8E1E7C1F8E0" box="[1074,1221,1817,1831]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">395–446</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB6CAF8E1E63AF8E0" box="[1254,1342,1817,1831]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">375–434</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB75EF8E1E6C4F8E0" box="[1394,1472,1817,1831]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">10–20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35450705FF92003CB258F8C8E6C4F8F9" box="[116,1472,1840,1854]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="76946E79FF92003CB258F8C8E3F9F8F9" box="[116,253,1840,1854]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF92FFC4B258F8C8E3BBF8F9" authorityName="Centeno, Sawaya, & Germano" authorityYear="2010" box="[116,191,1840,1854]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caissara" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF92FFC4B258F8C8E3BBF8F9" bold="true" box="[116,191,1840,1854]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">L. caissara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF92FFC4B2E7F8C8E3D0F8F9" bold="true" box="[203,212,1840,1854]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB334F8C8E2C1F8F9" box="[280,453,1840,1854]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">3</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB02FF8C8E15BF8F9" box="[515,607,1840,1854]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">4</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB051F8C8E1D6F8F9" box="[637,722,1840,1854]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">3</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB0DCF8C8E066F8F9" box="[752,866,1840,1854]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">22–23</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB1A3F8C8E701F8F9" box="[911,1029,1840,1854]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">20</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB61EF8C8E7C1F8F9" box="[1074,1221,1840,1854]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">463–510</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB6CAF8C8E63AF8F9" box="[1254,1342,1840,1854]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">274–308</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB75EF8C8E6C4F8F9" box="[1394,1472,1840,1854]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">10–14</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35450705FF92003CB258F8BEE6C4F892" box="[116,1472,1862,1877]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="76946E79FF92003CB258F8BEE3F9F892" box="[116,253,1862,1877]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF92FFC4B258F8BFE3B7F893" authorityName="Santos & Reis" authorityYear="2018" box="[116,179,1862,1877]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sousai" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF92FFC4B258F8BFE3B7F893" bold="true" box="[116,179,1862,1877]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">L. sousai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
* (
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF92FFC4B2E7F8BFE3D0F892" bold="true" box="[203,212,1863,1877]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB334F8BEE2C1F892" box="[280,453,1862,1877]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">3</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB02FF8BEE15BF892" box="[515,607,1862,1877]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">4</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB051F8BEE1D6F892" box="[637,722,1862,1877]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">3</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB0DCF8BEE066F892" box="[752,866,1862,1877]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">24</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB1A3F8BEE701F892" box="[911,1029,1862,1877]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">20</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB61EF8BEE7C1F892" box="[1074,1221,1862,1877]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">439</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB6CAF8BEE63AF892" box="[1254,1342,1862,1877]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">427</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB75EF8BEE6C4F892" box="[1394,1472,1862,1877]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">13</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35450705FF92003CB258F8A5E6C4F89A" box="[116,1472,1885,1885]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="76946E79FF92003CB258F8A5E3F9F845" box="[116,253,1885,1922]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF92FFC4B258F8A6E3BBF8AC" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[116,191,1885,1900]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Helmintophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ternetzii" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF92FFC4B258F8A6E3BBF8AC" bold="true" box="[116,191,1885,1900]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">L. ternetzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
** (
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF92FFC4B2CCF8A6E3EDF8AB" bold="true" box="[224,233,1886,1900]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB334F8A5E2C1F845" box="[280,453,1885,1922]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">3</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB02FF8A5E15BF845" box="[515,607,1885,1922]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">4</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB051F8A5E1D6F845" box="[637,722,1885,1922]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">3</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB0DCF8A5E066F845" box="[752,866,1885,1922]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">22–26</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB1A3F8A5E701F845" box="[911,1029,1885,1922]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">22</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB61EF8A5E7C1F845" box="[1074,1221,1885,1922]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">438–473</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB6CAF8A5E63AF845" box="[1254,1342,1885,1922]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">455–485</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB75EF8A5E6C4F845" box="[1394,1472,1885,1922]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">10–15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35450705FF92003CB258F873E6C4F85E" box="[116,1472,1931,1945]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="76946E79FF92003CB258F873E3F9F85E" box="[116,253,1931,1945]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF92FFC4B258F873E3BFF85E" box="[116,187,1931,1945]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trefauti" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF92FFC4B258F873E3BFF85E" bold="true" box="[116,187,1931,1945]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">L. trefauti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF92FFC4B2EAF873E3CBF85E" bold="true" box="[198,207,1931,1945]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB334F873E2C1F85E" box="[280,453,1931,1945]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">4</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB02FF873E15BF85E" box="[515,607,1931,1945]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">3–4</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB051F873E1D6F85E" box="[637,722,1931,1945]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">3–4</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB0DCF873E066F85E" box="[752,866,1931,1945]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">22</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB1A3F873E701F85E" box="[911,1029,1931,1945]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">22</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB61EF873E7C1F85E" box="[1074,1221,1931,1945]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">520–548</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB6CAF873E63AF85E" box="[1254,1342,1931,1945]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">499–532</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB75EF873E6C4F85E" box="[1394,1472,1931,1945]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">8–9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35450705FF92003CB258F85AE6C4F877" box="[116,1472,1954,1968]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="76946E79FF92003CB258F85AE3F9F877" box="[116,253,1954,1968]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF92FFC4B258F85AE3B3F877" baseAuthorityName="Garman" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[116,183,1954,1968]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wilderi" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF92FFC4B258F85AE3B3F877" bold="true" box="[116,183,1954,1968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">L. wilderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF92FFC4B2EFF85AE3C8F877" bold="true" box="[195,204,1954,1968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 3)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB334F85AE2C1F877" box="[280,453,1954,1968]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">3</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB02FF85AE15BF877" box="[515,607,1954,1968]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">3–4</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB051F85AE1D6F877" box="[637,722,1954,1968]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">4</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB0DCF85AE066F877" box="[752,866,1954,1968]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">22–24</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB1A3F85AE701F877" box="[911,1029,1954,1968]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">22</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB61EF85AE7C1F877" box="[1074,1221,1954,1968]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">304–358</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB6CAF85AE63AF877" box="[1254,1342,1954,1968]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">284–383</td>
|
||
<td id="76946E79FF92003CB75EF85AE6C4F877" box="[1394,1472,1954,1968]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">12–19</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0A55CFFF9DFFCBB248FA8DE282FA7E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375620" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10375620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375620/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" startId="8.[100,130,1397,1414]" targetBox="[336,1252,149,1369]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF9DFFCBB248FA8DE282FA7E" blockId="8.[100,1489,1396,1465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9DFFCBB248FA8DE399FA42" bold="true" box="[100,157,1397,1414]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphological variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9DFFCBB3A3FA8DE114FA41" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[399,528,1397,1414]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beui" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9DFFCBB3A3FA8DE114FA41" bold="true" box="[399,528,1397,1414]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Liotyphlops beui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A-B) Adult female topotype (IBSP 90395) from Instituto Butantan, S˜ao Paulo, S˜ao Paulo state, Brazil; C-D) Adult female (IBSP 78648) from S˜ao Paulo, S˜ao Paulo state, Brazil; E-F) Adult male (IBSP 79486) from Carapicuíba, S˜ao Paulo state, Brazil. Collection tag = 50 mm. Photograph credits: Bruno Rocha.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36F56CCFF9DFFC9B248F9E2E7F6F978" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF9DFFCBB248F9E2E3FFF9EA" blockId="8.[100,770,1562,1972]" box="[100,251,1562,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9DFFCBB248F9E2E3FFF9EA" bold="true" box="[100,251,1562,1581]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">3.3.3. Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF9DFFCBB2A8F9CEE0FBFA32" blockId="8.[100,770,1562,1972]" lastBlockId="8.[818,1023,1506,1526]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">
|
||
This species can be diagnosed based on the following combination of characters: (1) anterior dorsal scale rows 22–24, usually 22; (2) midbody dorsal scale rows 20–22, usually 20; (3) posterior dorsal scale rows 20; (4) dorsal scales in vertebral row 395–446 (in males 395–420, in females 410–446); (5) mid-ventral scales 375–434 (in males 375–402, in females 395–434); (6) subcaudal scale rows 10–20 (in males 16–20, in females 10–15); (7) supralabials four; (8) infralabials three; (9) postfrontal scales contacting prefrontal three; (10) two scales in contact with posterior edge of nasal scale; (11) dorsal coloration uniformly dark brown or black, head and up to three first dorsal scale rows pinkish; (12) ventral coloration uniformly dark brown or black, head, gular region, and infralabials white or pink, cloacal region and ventral surface of tail white; (13) SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF9DFFCBB33CF87DE296F85F" box="[272,402,1925,1944]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.335" metricValueMax="2.94" metricValueMin="1.73" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="233.5" valueMax="294.0" valueMin="173.0">173–294 mm</quantity>
|
||
(in males
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF9DFFCBB02BF87DE189F85F" box="[519,653,1925,1944]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2399999999999998" metricValueMax="2.75" metricValueMin="1.73" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="224.0" valueMax="275.0" valueMin="173.0">173–275 mm</quantity>
|
||
, in females
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF9DFFCBB248F859E3E0F873" box="[100,228,1953,1972]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.425" metricValueMax="2.94" metricValueMin="1.91" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="242.5" valueMax="294.0" valueMin="191.0">191–294 mm</quantity>
|
||
); (14) Tail length
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF9DFFCBB3A7F859E103F873" box="[395,519,1953,1972]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.35" metricValueMax="12.5" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="8.35" valueMax="12.5" valueMin="4.2">4.2–12.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(in males
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF9DFFCBB044F859E1E3F873" box="[616,743,1953,1972]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" metricValueMax="12.5" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="9.6" valueMax="12.5" valueMin="6.7">6.7–12.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, in females
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF9DFFCBB153FA1AE0F0FA32" box="[895,1012,1506,1526]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="5.4" valueMax="6.6" valueMin="4.2">4.2–6.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF9DFFCBB11EF9E2E0E2F9EA" blockId="8.[818,1488,1562,1972]" box="[818,998,1562,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9DFFCBB11EF9E2E0E2F9EA" bold="true" box="[818,998,1562,1581]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">3.3.4. Comparisons</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF9DFFCAB17DF9CEE06BF8CC" blockId="8.[818,1488,1562,1972]" lastBlockId="9.[818,1488,1784,1970]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Characters for other species are contained within parentheses, and our data has been supplemented with those provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE478B6FF9DFFCBB747F9AAE0BFF946" author="Dixon, J. R. & Kofron, C. P." pageId="8" pageNumber="18" pagination="241 - 264" refId="ref13425" refString="Dixon, J. R., Kofron, C. P., 1983. The central and SouthSouth American Anomalepid snakes of the genus Liotyphlops. Amphibia-Reptilia 4, 241 - 264." type="journal article" year="1983">Dixon and Kofron (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9DFFCBB1E7F996E708F946" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[971,1036,1646,1665]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beui" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9DFFCBB1E7F996E708F946" bold="true" box="[971,1036,1646,1665]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">L. beui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is likely to be confused with another similar congener,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9DFFCBB1B4F972E0FEF95A" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[920,1018,1674,1693]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Helmintophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ternetzii" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9DFFCBB1B4F972E0FEF95A" bold="true" box="[920,1018,1674,1693]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">L. ternetzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, that also has a black dorsal coloration and is widely distributed from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36245D7FF9DFFCBB609F95EE772F97E" box="[1061,1142,1702,1721]" name="Uruguay" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36245D7FF9DFFCBB683F95EE608F97E" box="[1199,1292,1702,1721]" name="Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
to northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36245D7FF9DFFCBB7BFF95EE6C9F97E" box="[1427,1485,1702,1721]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. There appears to be no difference among these species in skull morphology (O.M. Entiauspe-Neto, pers. obs.). While it has been suggested that both species could be distinguished based on head coloration, which should be pink or white in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9DFFCBB6B5F8EDE7D0F8EF" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[1177,1236,1813,1832]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beui" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9DFFCBB6B5F8EDE7D0F8EF" bold="true" box="[1177,1236,1813,1832]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">L. beui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and black in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9DFFCBB77CF8EDE6A9F8EF" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[1360,1453,1813,1832]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Helmintophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ternetzii" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9DFFCBB77CF8EDE6A9F8EF" bold="true" box="[1360,1453,1813,1832]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">L. ternetzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, an analysis of both types (BMNH 1946.1.11.77 -
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CEBBE5FF9DFFCBB6F3F8C9E635F883" box="[1247,1329,1841,1860]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9DFFCBB77CF8C9E07DF8A7" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Squamata" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Helminthophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ternetzii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9DFFCBB77CF8C9E07DF8A7" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">Helminthophis ternetzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; BMNH 1946.1.11.12 -
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CEBBE5FF9DFFCBB64FF8B5E7B2F8A7" box="[1123,1206,1869,1888]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9DFFCBB6F5F8B5E618F8A7" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[1241,1308,1869,1888]" class="Squamata" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beui">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9DFFCBB6F5F8B5E618F8A7" bold="true" box="[1241,1308,1869,1888]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="18">H. beui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) reveals that both specimens present a similar, white head coloration in preservative, with a distinctly colored light brown body. Until an integrative revision incorporating molecular data is made, the taxonomic status of these two species is only weakly supported through external morphology. In light of this,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9CFFCAB287F8ECE3E3F8E0" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[171,231,1812,1831]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beui" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9CFFCAB287F8ECE3E3F8E0" bold="true" box="[171,231,1812,1831]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">L. beui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9CFFCAB3CAF8ECE140F8E0" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[486,580,1812,1831]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Helminthophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ternetzii" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9CFFCAB3CAF8ECE140F8E0" bold="true" box="[486,580,1812,1831]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">L. ternetzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having posterior dorsal rows 20 (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF9CFFCAB329F8C8E23DF884" box="[261,313,1840,1859]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.588" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" unit="in" value="22.0">22 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9CFFCAB36FF8C8E2A0F884" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[323,420,1840,1859]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Helminthophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ternetzii" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9CFFCAB36FF8C8E2A0F884" bold="true" box="[323,420,1840,1859]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">L. ternetzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and dorsal scales in vertebral row 395–446 (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF9CFFCAB2EBF8B4E231F898" box="[199,309,1868,1887]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2357099999999999" metricValueMax="1.2954" metricValueMin="1.17602" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" unit="in" value="486.5" valueMax="510.0" valueMin="463.0">463–510 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9CFFCAB313F8B4E2A4F898" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[319,416,1868,1887]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Helminthophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ternetzii" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9CFFCAB313F8B4E2A4F898" bold="true" box="[319,416,1868,1887]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">L. ternetzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE478B6FF9CFFCAB396F8B4E1A2F898" author="Dixon, J. R. & Kofron, C. P." box="[442,678,1868,1887]" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" pagination="241 - 264" refId="ref13425" refString="Dixon, J. R., Kofron, C. P., 1983. The central and SouthSouth American Anomalepid snakes of the genus Liotyphlops. Amphibia-Reptilia 4, 241 - 264." type="journal article" year="1983">Dixon and Kofron, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE478B6FF9CFFCAB099F8B4E3D4F8BC" author="Centeno, F. C. & Sawaya, R. J. & Germano, V. J." pageId="9" pageNumber="19" pagination="86 - 91" refId="ref13284" refString="Centeno, F. C., Sawaya, R. J., Germano, V. J., 2010. A new species of Liotyphlops (Serpentes: Anomalepididae) from the Atlantic coastal forest in southeastern Brazil. Herpetologica 66, 86 - 91." type="journal article" year="2010">Centeno et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, it should also be noted that different values for these counts in literature can be attributed to possible misidentifications (e.g. reports of posterior dorsal rows
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF9CFFCAB3FEF867E101F875" box="[466,517,1951,1970]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.588" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" unit="in" value="22.0">22 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9CFFCAB022F858E149F875" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[526,589,1951,1971]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beui" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9CFFCAB022F858E149F875" bold="true" box="[526,589,1951,1971]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">L. beui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE478B6FF9CFFCAB059F867E066F8CC" author="Santos, F. J. M. & Reis, R. E." box="[629,866,1784,1971]" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" pagination="507 - 514" refId="ref15631" refString="Santos, F. J. M., Reis, R. E., 2018. Two new blind snake species of the genus Liotyphlops (Serpentes: Anomalepididae), from central and SouthSouth Brazil. Copeia 106, 507 - 514." type="journal article" year="2018">Santos & Reis, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0A55CFFF9CFFCAB248FC33E64AFC31" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375622" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10375622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375622/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" startId="9.[100,130,971,988]" targetBox="[275,1313,159,928]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF9CFFCAB248FC33E64AFC31" blockId="9.[100,1487,971,1014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9CFFCAB248FC33E399FC1B" bold="true" box="[100,157,971,988]" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">Fig. 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Boxplots, scatterplots, histograms, density plots, and pairwise comparison of sexually dimorphic characters of external morphology in males (M, purple) and females (F, orange) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9CFFCAB30BFC1CE2ADFC32" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[295,425,996,1013]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beui" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9CFFCAB30BFC1CE2ADFC32" bold="true" box="[295,425,996,1013]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">Liotyphlops beui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Outliers are indicated as black circles. Pearson correlation (Corr) values: * = 0.05; ** = 0.01; *** = 0.001.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0A55CFFF9CFFCAB67AFBCAE61EF986" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375624" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10375624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375624/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" startId="9.[1110,1140,1074,1091]" targetBox="[101,1085,1074,1714]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF9CFFCAB67AFBCAE61EF986" blockId="9.[1110,1488,1074,1601]" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9CFFCAB67AFBCAE791FB84" bold="true" box="[1110,1173,1074,1091]" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">Fig. 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Geographic distribution of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) delimited based on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9CFFCAB691FB9DE61CFBB1" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1881" box="[1213,1304,1125,1142]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9CFFCAB691FB9DE61CFBB1" bold="true" box="[1213,1304,1125,1142]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">Liotyphlops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Atlantic Rainforest biome (purple), in South America. SP01:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9CFFCAB69EFB60E630FB6E" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[1202,1332,1176,1193]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beui" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9CFFCAB69EFB60E630FB6E" bold="true" box="[1202,1332,1176,1193]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">Liotyphlops beui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil; SP02:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9CFFCAB78DFB49E7D6FB1B" authorityName="Centeno, Sawaya, & Germano" authorityYear="2010" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caissara" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9CFFCAB78DFB49E7D6FB1B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">Liotyphlops caissara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from lowland Atlantic Rainforest of coastal southeastern Brazil; SP03:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9CFFCAB67AFB06E7ECFAC8" authorityName="Santos & Reis" authorityYear="2018" box="[1110,1256,1278,1295]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sousai" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9CFFCAB67AFB06E7ECFAC8" bold="true" box="[1110,1256,1278,1295]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">Liotyphlops sousai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil, considered herein a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9CFFCAB68EFAC9E7DAFA85" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[1186,1246,1329,1346]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beui" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9CFFCAB68EFAC9E7DAFA85" bold="true" box="[1186,1246,1329,1346]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">L. beui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; SP04:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9CFFCAB705FAC9E6CBFA85" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[1321,1487,1329,1346]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ternetzii" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9CFFCAB705FAC9E6CBFA85" bold="true" box="[1321,1487,1329,1346]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">Liotyphlops ternetzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Cerrado of Brazil and Paraguay; SP05:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9CFFCAB6A3FA9CE629FAB2" box="[1167,1325,1380,1397]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trefauti" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9CFFCAB6A3FA9CE629FAB2" bold="true" box="[1167,1325,1380,1397]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">Liotyphlops trefauti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Atlantic Rainforest of northeastern Brazil; SP06:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9CFFCAB79CFA86E7E5FA6F" baseAuthorityName="Garman" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wilderi" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9CFFCAB79CFA86E7E5FA6F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">Liotyphlops wilderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from montane Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil. Filled symbols represent type localities and dots represent examined specimens. Literature records are indicated with hollow symbols and follow
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE478B6FF9CFFCAB6E3F9EFE6CDF9EF" author="Dixon, J. R. & Kofron, C. P." box="[1231,1481,1559,1576]" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" pagination="241 - 264" refId="ref13425" refString="Dixon, J. R., Kofron, C. P., 1983. The central and SouthSouth American Anomalepid snakes of the genus Liotyphlops. Amphibia-Reptilia 4, 241 - 264." type="journal article" year="1983">Dixon and Kofron (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE478B6FF9CFFCAB67AF9C8E611F986" author="Nogueira, C. C. & Arzamendia, V. & Azevedo, J. A. & Barbo, F. E. & Martins, M." box="[1110,1301,1584,1601]" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 274" refId="ref14847" refString="Nogueira, C. C., Argˆolo, A. J., Arzamendia, V., Azevedo, J. A., Barbo, F. E., B´ernils, R. S., Martins, M., 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. S. Am. J. Herpetol. 14, 1 - 274." type="journal article" year="2019">Nogueira et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF9CFFC9B17DF8ECE7F6F978" blockId="9.[818,1488,1784,1970]" lastBlockId="10.[818,1488,1541,1728]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9CFFCAB1FEF8ECE709F8E0" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[978,1037,1812,1831]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beui" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9CFFCAB1FEF8ECE709F8E0" bold="true" box="[978,1037,1812,1831]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">L. beui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9CFFCAB728F8ECE066F884" authority="Vanzolini, 1948" authorityName="Vanzolini" authorityYear="1948" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schubarti" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9CFFCAB728F8ECE66FF8E0" bold="true" box="[1284,1387,1812,1831]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">L. schubarti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE478B6FF9CFFCAB743F8ECE066F884" author="Vanzolini, P." pageId="9" pageNumber="19" pagination="377 - 400" refId="ref16038" refString="Vanzolini, P., 1948. Notas sobre os ofidios e lagartos da cachoeira de Emas, no Municipio de Pirassununga, Estado de Stao Paulo: notes on ophidians and lizards in Emas, Pirassununga, Stao Paulo State, Brazil. Rev. Bras. Biol. 8, 377 - 400." type="journal article" year="1948">Vanzolini, 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having the nasal scale in contact with the second supralabial (nasal separated from second supralabial by an accessory scale in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9CFFCAB11EF890E09DF8BD" authorityName="Vanzolini" authorityYear="1948" box="[818,921,1895,1915]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schubarti" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9CFFCAB11EF890E09DF8BD" bold="true" box="[818,921,1895,1915]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">L. schubarti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It also differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9CFFCAB676F890E654F8BC" authority="(Peters, 1858)" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[1114,1360,1895,1915]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albirostris" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9CFFCAB676F890E7C3F8BD" bold="true" box="[1114,1223,1895,1915]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">L. albirostris</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE478B6FF9CFFCAB6F8F890E64DF8BD" author="Peters, W. C. H." box="[1236,1353,1895,1915]" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" refId="ref15251" refString="Peters, W. C. H., 1858. Vier neue amerikanische Schlangen aus der Familie der Typhlopinen und daruber einige vorlaufige ¨ Mittheilungen. Monatsber. k ¨ onigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. 1857, 402, 1857." type="journal volume" year="1858">Peters, 1858</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9CFFCAB751F890E0C3F850" authority="(Garman, 1883)" baseAuthorityName="Garman" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wilderi" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9CFFCAB751F890E6CBF8BD" bold="true" box="[1405,1487,1895,1915]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="19">L. wilderi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE478B6FF9CFFCAB116F87CE0BBF850" author="Garman, S." box="[826,959,1924,1943]" pageId="9" pageNumber="19" pagination="6" refId="ref13932" refString="Garman, S., 1883. On certain reptiles from Brazil and Florida. Sci. Observer 4 (5), 6." type="journal article" year="1883">Garman, 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a single scale contacting the posterior edge of nasal, between second supralabial and prefrontal (two scales contacting posterior edge of nasal, between second supralabial and prefrontal in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9FFFC9B248F9D9E3D2F9F4" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[100,214,1568,1588]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albirostris" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9FFFC9B248F9D9E3D2F9F4" bold="true" box="[100,214,1568,1588]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="20">L. albirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9FFFC9B320F9D9E267F9F4" baseAuthorityName="Garman" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[268,355,1568,1588]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wilderi" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9FFFC9B320F9D9E267F9F4" bold="true" box="[268,355,1568,1588]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="20">L. wilderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It furthermore differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9FFFC9B0A6F9D9E1E5F9F4" baseAuthorityName="Garman" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[650,737,1568,1588]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wilderi" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9FFFC9B0A6F9D9E1E5F9F4" bold="true" box="[650,737,1568,1588]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="20">L. wilderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having dorsal scales in vertebral row 395–446 (dorsal scales in vertebral row
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF9FFFC9B2BEF9A1E204F9AB" box="[146,256,1624,1644]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.407399999999999" metricValueMax="9.0932" metricValueMin="7.7216" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" unit="in" value="331.0" valueMax="358.0" valueMin="304.0">304–358 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9FFFC9B326F9A1E265F9AC" baseAuthorityName="Garman" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[266,353,1624,1644]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wilderi" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9FFFC9B326F9A1E265F9AC" bold="true" box="[266,353,1624,1644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="20">L. wilderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). From other two species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9FFFC9B041F9A1E398F94F" authority="(Cope, 1864)" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anops" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9FFFC9B041F9A1E1BFF9AB" bold="true" box="[621,699,1625,1644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="20">L. anops</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE478B6FF9FFFC9B0E1F9A1E390F940" author="Cope, E. D." pageId="10" pageNumber="20" pagination="224 - 231" refId="ref13333" refString="Cope, E. D., 1864. On the characters of the higher groups of Reptilia Squamata - and especially of Diploglossa. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci 15, 224 - 231." type="journal article" year="1864">Cope, 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9FFFC9B2FDF98DE12CF94F" authority="Dixon and Kofron, 1983" authorityName="Dixon and Kofron" authorityYear="1983" box="[209,552,1652,1672]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argaleus" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9FFFC9B2FDF98DE237F940" bold="true" box="[209,307,1652,1672]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="20">L. argaleus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE478B6FF9FFFC9B311F98CE12CF94F" author="Dixon, J. R. & Kofron, C. P." box="[317,552,1652,1672]" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" pagination="241 - 264" refId="ref13425" refString="Dixon, J. R., Kofron, C. P., 1983. The central and SouthSouth American Anomalepid snakes of the genus Liotyphlops. Amphibia-Reptilia 4, 241 - 264." type="journal article" year="1983">Dixon and Kofron, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9FFFC9B01AF98DE171F940" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[566,629,1652,1672]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beui" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9FFFC9B01AF98DE171F940" bold="true" box="[566,629,1652,1672]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="20">L. beui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished by having dorsal scales in vertebral row 395–446 and usually three postfrontal scales contacting prefrontal (four postfrontal scales contacting prefrontal, posterior dorsal scale rows
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF9FFFC9B01AF930E18CF91C" box="[566,648,1736,1756]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.842" metricValueMax="6.096" metricValueMin="5.588" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" unit="in" value="23.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="22.0">22–24 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9FFFC9B0A3F930E1DDF91C" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[655,729,1736,1755]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anops" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9FFFC9B0A3F930E1DDF91C" bold="true" box="[655,729,1736,1755]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="20">L. anops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9FFFC9B248F91CE3C0F930" authorityName="Dixon and Kofron" authorityYear="1983" box="[100,196,1764,1783]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argaleus" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9FFFC9B248F91CE3C0F930" bold="true" box="[100,196,1764,1783]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="20">L. argaleus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Other congener which bears great resemblance to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9FFFC9B09DF91CE1E9F930" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[689,749,1764,1783]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beui" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9FFFC9B09DF91CE1E9F930" bold="true" box="[689,749,1764,1783]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="20">L. beui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9FFFC9B248F8F8E12DF8D4" authority="Centeno, Sawaya, & Germano, 2010" authorityName="Centeno, Sawaya, & Germano" authorityYear="2010" box="[100,553,1792,1811]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caissara" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9FFFC9B248F8F8E3C1F8D4" bold="true" box="[100,197,1792,1811]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="20">L. caissara</emphasis>
|
||
Centeno, Sawaya, & Germano, 2010
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from which it can be separated by having a black venter and two scales in contact with the posterior edge of nasal between second supralabial and prefrontal (white venter, one scale in contact with the posterior edge of nasal between second supralabial and prefrontal in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9FFFC9B008F888E18DF845" authorityName="Centeno, Sawaya, & Germano" authorityYear="2010" box="[548,649,1903,1923]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caissara" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9FFFC9B008F888E18DF845" bold="true" box="[548,649,1903,1923]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="20">L. caissara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It can be distinguished from another congener which occurs in the northernmost range of the Atlantic Forest,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9FFFC9B352F850E1FAF87D" authority="Freire, Caramaschi, & Argolo" authorityName="Freire, Caramaschi, & Argolo" box="[382,766,1959,1979]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trefauti" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9FFFC9B352F850E2DDF87D" bold="true" box="[382,473,1959,1979]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="20">L. trefauti</emphasis>
|
||
Freire, Caramaschi, & Argolo
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ˆ, 2007, by having dorsal scales in vertebral row 395–446, a uniformly black dorsal and ventral coloration, and usually three postfrontal scales contacting prefrontal (four postfrontal scales contacting prefrontal, dorsal scales in vertebral row 520–543, uniformly brown dorsal and ventral coloration, four postfrontal scales contacting prefrontal in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9FFFC9B11EF969E08CF964" box="[818,904,1680,1700]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trefauti" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9FFFC9B11EF969E08CF964" bold="true" box="[818,904,1680,1700]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="20">L. trefauti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Lastly, it differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9FFFC9B672F969E66EF964" authority="Santos & Reis, 2018" authorityName="Santos & Reis" authorityYear="2018" box="[1118,1386,1680,1700]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taylori" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9FFFC9B672F969E7AAF964" bold="true" box="[1118,1198,1680,1700]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="20">L. taylori</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE478B6FF9FFFC9B69EF968E66EF964" author="Santos, F. J. M. & Reis, R. E." box="[1202,1386,1680,1700]" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" pagination="507 - 514" refId="ref15631" refString="Santos, F. J. M., Reis, R. E., 2018. Two new blind snake species of the genus Liotyphlops (Serpentes: Anomalepididae), from central and SouthSouth Brazil. Copeia 106, 507 - 514." type="journal article" year="2018">Santos & Reis, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by having three infralabials (two infralabials in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9FFFC9B6BFF955E7E0F978" authorityName="Santos & Reis" authorityYear="2018" box="[1171,1252,1708,1728]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taylori" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9FFFC9B6BFF955E7E0F978" bold="true" box="[1171,1252,1708,1728]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="20">L. taylori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF0A55CFFF9FFFC9B63EFF6DE6D5FE62" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375626" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10375626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375626/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" startId="10.[1042,1072,149,166]" targetBox="[101,1017,149,1470]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF9FFFC9B63EFF6DE6D5FE62" blockId="10.[1042,1489,149,422]" pageId="10" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9FFFC9B63EFF6DE758FF61" bold="true" box="[1042,1116,149,166]" pageId="10" pageNumber="20">Fig. 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal (A), lateral (B), and ventral (C) views of the skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9FFFC9B6FCFF57E650FF07" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[1232,1364,175,192]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beui" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9FFFC9B6FCFF57E650FF07" bold="true" box="[1232,1364,175,192]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="20">Liotyphlops beui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MCZ 17842, paratype) based on μCT imagery. Different skull elements are digitally colored and the mandible is removed for better visualization. Abbreviations: BO = basioccipital; ECP = ectopterygoid; F = frontal; MX = maxilla; NA = nasal; OT = otico–occipital complex; P = parietal; PAL = palatine; PBS = parabasisphenoid; PFR = prefrontal; PMX = premaxilla; PO = postorbital; PT = pterygoid; Q = quadrate; SMX = septomaxilla; V = vomer. Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36F56CCFF9FFFC8B11EF91CE79FFC83" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF9FFFC9B11EF91CE0EFF930" blockId="10.[818,1487,1764,1978]" box="[818,1003,1764,1783]" pageId="10" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9FFFC9B11EF91CE0EFF930" bold="true" box="[818,1003,1764,1783]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="20">3.3.5. Redescription</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF9FFFC8B17DF8F8E200FA0E" blockId="10.[818,1487,1764,1978]" lastBlockId="11.[100,770,1294,1481]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Redescription is based on a topotypical specimen (IBSP 90395,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E19C2FF9FFFC9B11EF8E4E097F8E8" box="[818,915,1820,1839]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[100,130,1397,1414]" captionTargetBox="[336,1252,149,1369]" captionTargetId="figure-372@8.[335,1253,148,1370]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 7. Morphological variation of Liotyphlops beui. A-B) Adult female topotype (IBSP 90395) from Instituto Butantan, S˜ao Paulo, S˜ao Paulo state, Brazil; C-D) Adult female (IBSP 78648) from S˜ao Paulo, S˜ao Paulo state, Brazil; E-F) Adult male (IBSP 79486) from Carapicuíba, S˜ao Paulo state, Brazil. Collection tag = 50 mm. Photograph credits: Bruno Rocha." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375620/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
), an adult female, from Instituto Butantan, S˜ao Paulo municipality, S˜ao Paulo state,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36245D7FF9FFFC9B66EF8C0E778F88C" box="[1090,1148,1848,1867]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="20">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Snout-vent length
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF9FFFC9B713F8C0E690F88C" box="[1343,1428,1848,1867]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.58" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="258.0">258 mm</quantity>
|
||
, head length
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF9FFFC9B15EF8ACE0BDF8A0" box="[882,953,1876,1895]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(2.13% of SVL), tail length
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF9FFFC9B696F8ACE7EBF8A0" box="[1210,1263,1876,1895]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(3.10% of SVL). Rostral large, longer than wider, contacting nasals anterolaterally, prefrontals laterally, and frontal posteriorly; prefrontals paired, triangular, contacting rostral anterolaterally, nasal ventrally, and frontal dorsoposteriorly; posterior edge of both prefrontals not contacting posterior edge of rostral; nasal plate divided, contacting rostral anteriorly, prefrontal dorsally, and supralabials 1–2 ventrally; eyespot inconspicuous, not clearly visible; supralabials 3/3; postfrontals five, three contacting prefrontal; infralabials 4/4; dorsal scale rows 24/20/ 20, smooth, cycloid; vertebral scales 394; midventral scales 353; subcaudal scales 14.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0A55CFFF9EFFC8B248FBC3E007FB22" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375628" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10375628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375628/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" startId="11.[100,130,1083,1100]" targetBox="[107,766,149,1055]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF9EFFC8B248FBC3E007FB22" blockId="11.[100,773,1083,1253]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B248FBC3E3AFFB8B" bold="true" box="[100,171,1083,1100]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">Fig. 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Anterior (A) and posterior (B) views of the skull and lower jaw of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9EFFC8B248FBACE3E3FBA2" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[100,231,1108,1125]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beui" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B248FBACE3E3FBA2" bold="true" box="[100,231,1108,1125]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">Liotyphlops beui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MCZ 17842, paratype) based on μCT imagery. Different skull elements are digitally colored to improve visualization. Abbreviations: BO = basioccipital; CB = compound bone; CO = coronoid; D = dentary; F = frontal; MX = maxilla; NA = nasal; OT = otico–occipital complex; P = parietal; PBS = parabasisphenoid; PFR = prefrontal; PMX = premaxilla; PO = postorbital; PT = pterygoid; Q = quadrate; SMX =septomaxilla; SP =splenial. Scale bar =1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF9EFFC8B248FA15E201F9C7" blockId="11.[100,770,1517,1732]" box="[100,261,1517,1536]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B248FA15E201F9C7" bold="true" box="[100,261,1517,1536]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">3.3.6. Coloration</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF9EFFC8B2A8F9F2E12FF903" blockId="11.[100,770,1517,1732]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">In life, specimens have a uniformly dark brown or black dorsal coloration, with a pinkish or beige head coloration, that extends up to the first five dorsal scale rows. Ventral coloration uniformly dark brown, except for cloacal region, subcaudals, gular region, and infralabials that are white or pink. Body scales have a light brown outline on bottom and dark brown or black coloration on apex. In preservative, pink coloration becomes white, and black becomes light brown.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF9EFFC8B248F910E2BCF93C" blockId="11.[100,770,1768,1957]" box="[100,440,1768,1787]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B248F910E2BCF93C" bold="true" box="[100,440,1768,1787]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">3.3.7. External morphology variation</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF9EFFC8B2A8F8FDE79FFC83" blockId="11.[100,770,1768,1957]" lastBlockId="11.[818,1491,148,837]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">
|
||
We detected sexual dimorphism, in which females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9EFFC8B0ABF8FDE1C0F8D0" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[647,708,1796,1816]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beui" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B0ABF8FDE1C0F8D0" bold="true" box="[647,708,1796,1816]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">L. beui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
attain higher total length (
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B331F8D9E227F8F3" bold="true" box="[285,291,1825,1844]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">t</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="17F10702FF9EFFC8B30FF8D0E248F8F1" attach="left" box="[291,332,1832,1846]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">17,11</subScript>
|
||
=2.7122,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B39DF8D9E2D6F8F3" box="[433,466,1825,1844]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B39DF8D9E2B9F8F3" bold="true" box="[433,445,1825,1844]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">P</emphasis>
|
||
<
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
0.05,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B027F8D9E112F8F3" bold="true" box="[523,534,1825,1844]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
=28), smaller tail length (
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B240F8C4E376F888" bold="true" box="[108,114,1852,1871]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">t</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="17F10702FF9EFFC8B25FF8BBE39FF896" attach="left" box="[115,155,1859,1873]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">17,11</subScript>
|
||
= 6.2525,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B324F8C4E228F897" box="[264,300,1852,1872]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B324F8C4E210F888" bold="true" box="[264,276,1852,1871]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">P</emphasis>
|
||
<
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
0.0001,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B3AEF8C4E289F888" bold="true" box="[386,397,1852,1871]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 28), lower dorsal scales in vertebral row (
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B2B5F8A0E3ACF8AC" bold="true" box="[153,168,1880,1899]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">U</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="17F10702FF9EFFC8B284F8A7E3D4F8AA" attach="left" box="[168,208,1887,1901]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">17,11</subScript>
|
||
= 3,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B327F8A0E213F8AC" bold="true" box="[267,279,1880,1899]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">Z</emphasis>
|
||
= 4.2,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B358F8A0E29CF8AC" box="[372,408,1880,1899]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B358F8A0E284F8AC" bold="true" box="[372,384,1880,1899]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">P</emphasis>
|
||
<
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
0.00001,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B3D1F8A0E10CF8AC" bold="true" box="[509,520,1880,1899]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 28), lower mid-ventral scales (
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B287F88CE3BEF840" bold="true" box="[171,186,1908,1927]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">U</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="17F10702FF9EFFC8B297F883E3E7F84E" attach="left" box="[187,227,1915,1929]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">17,11</subScript>
|
||
= 1,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B30CF88CE228F840" bold="true" box="[288,300,1908,1927]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">Z</emphasis>
|
||
= 4.3,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B3A6F88CE2ABF840" box="[394,431,1908,1927]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B3A6F88CE292F840" bold="true" box="[394,406,1908,1927]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">P</emphasis>
|
||
<
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
0.00001,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B039F88CE124F840" bold="true" box="[533,544,1908,1927]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 28), and lower subcaudal scales (
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B2C3F868E3FAF864" bold="true" box="[239,254,1936,1955]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">U</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="17F10702FF9EFFC8B2D2F86FE223F862" attach="left" box="[254,295,1943,1957]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">17,11</subScript>
|
||
= 0,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B373F868E26FF864" bold="true" box="[351,363,1936,1955]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">Z</emphasis>
|
||
= 4.3,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B399F868E2DDF864" box="[437,473,1936,1955]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B399F868E2C5F864" bold="true" box="[437,449,1936,1955]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">P</emphasis>
|
||
<
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
0.00001,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B017F868E142F864" bold="true" box="[571,582,1936,1955]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 28). All sexually dimorphic characters were found to be correlated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E19C2FF9EFFC8B73FFF6CE64DFF60" box="[1299,1353,148,167]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[100,130,971,988]" captionTargetBox="[275,1313,159,928]" captionTargetId="graphics-198@9.[306,1314,159,928]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 8. Boxplots, scatterplots, histograms, density plots, and pairwise comparison of sexually dimorphic characters of external morphology in males (M, purple) and females (F, orange) of Liotyphlops beui. Outliers are indicated as black circles. Pearson correlation (Corr) values: * = 0.05; ** = 0.01; *** = 0.001." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375622/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Total length ranges from
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF9EFFC8B185FF48E738FF04" box="[937,1084,176,195]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.335" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.67" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="233.5" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="167.0">167 to 300 mm</quantity>
|
||
(245 ± 35,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B69EFF48E7B9FF04" bold="true" box="[1202,1213,176,195]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 28), in males ranges from
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF9EFFC8B11EFF33E0C7FF18" box="[818,963,203,223]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.195" metricValueMax="2.7199999999999998" metricValueMin="1.67" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="219.5" valueMax="272.0" valueMin="167.0">167 to 272 mm</quantity>
|
||
(232 ±30,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B61BFF34E746FF18" bold="true" box="[1079,1090,204,223]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 17), in females ranges from
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF9EFFC8B744FF33E052FF3C" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.43" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.86" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="243.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="186.0">186 to 300 mm</quantity>
|
||
(265 ±33,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B1E4FF10E0D7FF3C" bold="true" box="[968,979,232,251]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
=11). Snout-vent length ranges from
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF9EFFC8B712FF10E6CBFF3C" box="[1342,1487,232,251]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.335" metricValueMax="2.94" metricValueMin="1.73" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="233.5" valueMax="294.0" valueMin="173.0">173 to 294 mm</quantity>
|
||
(249 ±32,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B1B7FEFCE0A2FED0" bold="true" box="[923,934,260,279]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
=28), in males ranges from
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF9EFFC8B69EFEFBE644FED0" box="[1202,1344,259,279]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2399999999999998" metricValueMax="2.75" metricValueMin="1.73" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="224.0" valueMax="275.0" valueMin="173.0">173 to 275 mm</quantity>
|
||
(241 ±31,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B783FEFCE6BEFED0" bold="true" box="[1455,1466,260,279]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 17), in females ranges from
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF9EFFC8B66EFEE7E7DCFEF4" box="[1090,1240,287,307]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.425" metricValueMax="2.94" metricValueMin="1.91" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="242.5" valueMax="294.0" valueMin="191.0">191 to 294 mm</quantity>
|
||
(260 ± 30,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B77EFEE7E659FEF5" bold="true" box="[1362,1373,287,306]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 11). Tail length ranges from
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF9EFFC8B1C5FEC3E77DFE89" box="[1001,1145,315,334]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.35" metricValueMax="12.5" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="8.35" valueMax="12.5" valueMin="4.2">4.2 to 12.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(7.5 ±2.2,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B6C6FEC3E7F1FE89" bold="true" box="[1258,1269,315,334]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
=28), in males ranges from
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF9EFFC8B149FEAFE0F1FEAD" box="[869,1013,343,362]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" metricValueMax="12.5" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="9.6" valueMax="12.5" valueMin="6.7">6.7 to 12.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(8.9 ±1.7,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B644FEAFE777FEAD" bold="true" box="[1128,1139,343,362]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 17), in females ranges from
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF9EFFC8B7B4FEAFE07DFE41" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="5.4" valueMax="6.6" valueMin="4.2">4.2 to 6.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(5.3 ±0.7,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B1CBFE8BE0F6FE41" bold="true" box="[999,1010,371,390]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
=11). Head length ranges from
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF9EFFC8B70EFE8BE6A0FE41" box="[1314,1444,371,390]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.6" valueMin="3.4">3.4 to 5.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(4.7 ±0.6,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B143FE77E07EFE65" bold="true" box="[879,890,399,418]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
=28), in males ranges from
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF9EFFC8B6AEFE77E606FE65" box="[1154,1282,399,418]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="4.55" valueMax="5.6" valueMin="3.5">3.5 to 5.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(4.8 ±0.6,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B742FE77E67DFE65" bold="true" box="[1390,1401,399,418]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
=17), in females ranges from
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF9EFFC8B1D0FE53E78CFE79" box="[1020,1160,426,446]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.45" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="4.45" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="3.4">3.4 to 5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(4.5 ± 0.6,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B72FFE53E60AFE79" bold="true" box="[1283,1294,427,446]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 11). First row of dorsal scales range from 22 to 24 (22 ±0.8,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B6FCFE3FE7DFFE1D" bold="true" box="[1232,1243,455,474]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
=28), and the last row of dorsal scales are 20 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B629FE1BE714FE31" bold="true" box="[1029,1040,483,502]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 28). Postfrontal scales in contact with the frontal scale are three (
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B627FE07E712FDD5" bold="true" box="[1035,1046,511,530]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
=28). Scales in contact with the nasal are two (
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B116FDE2E041FDEA" bold="true" box="[826,837,538,557]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
=28). Supralabial scales are four (
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B6A7FDE2E792FDEA" bold="true" box="[1163,1174,538,557]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
=28), infralabial scales are three (
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B116FDCEE041FD8E" bold="true" box="[826,837,566,585]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 28). Dorsal scales in vertebral row range from 395 to 446 (415 ± 16,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B17BFDAAE066FDA2" bold="true" box="[855,866,594,613]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 28), in males range from 395 to 420 (404 ± 6.2,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B748FDAAE66BFDA2" bold="true" box="[1380,1391,594,613]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 17), in females range from 410 to 446 (433 ± 10,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B6E1FD96E7DCFD46" bold="true" box="[1229,1240,622,641]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 11). Mid-ventral scales range from 375 to 434 (399 ±18,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B656FD72E781FD5A" bold="true" box="[1146,1157,650,669]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 28), in males range from 375 to 402 (386 ±6,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B195FD5EE0C0FD7E" bold="true" box="[953,964,678,697]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
=17), in females range from 395 to 434 (420 ±11,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B782FD5EE6BDFD7E" bold="true" box="[1454,1465,678,697]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 11). Subcaudal scales range from 10 to 20 (16 ± 3,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B70BFD3AE636FD12" bold="true" box="[1319,1330,706,725]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 28), in males range from 16 to 20 (18 ±1,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B613FD26E74EFD36" bold="true" box="[1087,1098,734,753]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
=17), in females range from 10 to 15 (12 ±1,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B14DFD02E068FCCA" bold="true" box="[865,876,762,781]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 11). Head coloration in all specimens has white pigmentation (
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B116FCEEE041FCEE" bold="true" box="[826,837,790,809]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 28), ranging from fully (up to three dorsals) to mostly (up to one dorsal, or not reaching dorsals) white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36F56CCFF9EFFC8B11EFC91E6D4FA3A" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF9EFFC8B11EFC91E747FCBB" blockId="11.[818,1488,873,1534]" box="[818,1091,873,892]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B11EFC91E747FCBB" bold="true" box="[818,1091,873,892]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">3.3.8. Geographic distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF9EFFC8B17DFC7DE7BEFB0C" blockId="11.[818,1488,873,1534]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9EFFC8B17DFC7DE096FC50" ID-CoL="3V8YD" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[849,914,900,920]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beui" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B17DFC7DE096FC50" bold="true" box="[849,914,900,920]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">L. beui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36245D7FF9EFFC8B6B9FC7DE7F0FC5F" box="[1173,1268,901,920]" name="Argentina" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36245D7FF9EFFC8B72EFC7DE63FFC5F" box="[1282,1339,901,920]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36245D7FF9EFFC8B75BFC7DE6CBFC5F" box="[1399,1487,901,920]" name="Paraguay" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E19C2FF9EFFC8B116FC59E077FC73" box="[826,883,929,948]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[1110,1140,1074,1091]" captionTargetBox="[101,1085,1074,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-2340@9.[100,1086,1073,1715]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 9. Geographic distribution of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) delimited based on Liotyphlops from the Atlantic Rainforest biome (purple), in South America. SP01: Liotyphlops beui from the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil; SP02: Liotyphlops caissara from lowland Atlantic Rainforest of coastal southeastern Brazil; SP03: Liotyphlops sousai from the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil, considered herein a synonym of L. beui; SP04: Liotyphlops ternetzii from the Cerrado of Brazil and Paraguay; SP05: Liotyphlops trefauti from the Atlantic Rainforest of northeastern Brazil; SP06: Liotyphlops wilderi from montane Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil. Filled symbols represent type localities and dots represent examined specimens. Literature records are indicated with hollow symbols and follow Dixon and Kofron (1983), Nogueira et al. (2019)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10375624/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
), mostly from Atlantic Rainforest, although there have been extralimital records from the Cerrado, Pantanal, and Chiquitano Dry Forest, at low to moderate altitudes (up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF9EFFC8B6F2FC21E62DFC2B" box="[1246,1321,985,1004]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE478B6FF9EFFC8B116FC0CE719FBCF" author="Dixon, J. R. & Kofron, C. P." box="[826,1053,1012,1032]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" pagination="241 - 264" refId="ref13425" refString="Dixon, J. R., Kofron, C. P., 1983. The central and SouthSouth American Anomalepid snakes of the genus Liotyphlops. Amphibia-Reptilia 4, 241 - 264." type="journal article" year="1983">Dixon and Kofron, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE478B6FF9EFFC8B605FC0CE7F5FBCF" author="Nogueira, C. C. & Arzamendia, V. & Azevedo, J. A. & Barbo, F. E. & Martins, M." box="[1065,1265,1012,1032]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 274" refId="ref14847" refString="Nogueira, C. C., Argˆolo, A. J., Arzamendia, V., Azevedo, J. A., Barbo, F. E., B´ernils, R. S., Martins, M., 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. S. Am. J. Herpetol. 14, 1 - 274." type="journal article" year="2019">Nogueira et al., 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9EFFC8B743FC0DE6A8FBC0" ID-CoL="3V8YD" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[1391,1452,1012,1032]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beui" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
L.
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B7ABFC0CE6A8FBC0" bold="true" box="[1415,1452,1012,1031]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">beui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are largely concentrated in southeastern and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36245D7FF9EFFC8B724FBE8E645FBE4" box="[1288,1345,1040,1059]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in the states of S˜ao Paulo, Paran´a, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B1CBA5FF9EFFC8B631FBD4E7D2FBF8" box="[1053,1238,1068,1087]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Isolated records from its northernmost range, in the Cerrado of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B1CBA5FF9EFFC8B68DFBB1E613FB9C" box="[1185,1303,1096,1116]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Goi´as states in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36245D7FF9EFFC8B11EFB9CE06FFBB0" box="[818,875,1124,1143]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, should be carefully reviewed regarding their identity and provenance, as these are separated from its core distribution in southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36245D7FF9EFFC8B11EFB64E06DFB68" box="[818,873,1180,1199]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
by at least
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF9EFFC8B1C4FB64E733FB68" box="[1000,1079,1180,1199]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" unit="km" value="500.0">500 km</quantity>
|
||
. This species has an estimated Extent of Occurrence (EOO) of
|
||
<quantity id="4C8DA8A2FF9EFFC8B1D2FB40E7AEFB0C" box="[1022,1194,1208,1227]" metricMagnitude="12" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.295329935" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" unit="km" value="1.295329935E9">1,295,329,935 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="7C00A80FFF9EFFC8B687FB4AE7B0FB07" attach="right" box="[1195,1204,1202,1216]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">2</superScript>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF9EFFC8B17DFB2CE6D4FA3A" blockId="11.[818,1488,873,1534]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">
|
||
In its core geographic distribution,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9EFFC8B6E5FB2CE609FB21" ID-CoL="3V8YD" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[1225,1293,1235,1255]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beui" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B6E5FB2CE609FB21" bold="true" box="[1225,1293,1235,1255]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">L. beui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9EFFC8B11EFB08E090FAC5" ID-CoL="3V8YR" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[818,916,1263,1283]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ternetzii" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B11EFB08E090FAC5" bold="true" box="[818,916,1263,1283]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">L. ternetzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in northwestern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B1CBA5FF9EFFC8B66DFB17E7FEFAC5" box="[1089,1274,1263,1282]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
|
||
, western
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B1CBA5FF9EFFC8B777FB08E699FAC4" box="[1371,1437,1264,1283]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">Parana</collectingRegion>
|
||
´, and western S˜ao Paulo. The latter species appears to be largely associated with the Cerrado and Chaco Dry Diagonal open areas, widely distributed from Para´, in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36245D7FF9EFFC8B631FABBE752FA91" box="[1053,1110,1347,1366]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, southwards into
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36245D7FF9EFFC8B726FABCE65AFA90" box="[1290,1374,1348,1367]" name="Uruguay" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Other two congeners which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9EFFC8B1F4FAA7E711FAB5" ID-CoL="3V8YD" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[984,1045,1375,1394]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beui" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B1F4FAA7E711FAB5" bold="true" box="[984,1045,1375,1394]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">L. beui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be sympatric with in the Atlantic Rainforest are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9EFFC8B1BEFA83E0F6FA49" ID-CoL="72GTW" authorityName="Centeno, Sawaya, & Germano" authorityYear="2010" box="[914,1010,1403,1422]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caissara" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
L.
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B186FA83E0F6FA49" bold="true" box="[938,1010,1403,1422]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">caissara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which occurs in the coastal lowlands and marine islands of S˜ao Paulo, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9EFFC8B637FA6FE769FA6D" ID-CoL="3V8YT" baseAuthorityName="Garman" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[1051,1133,1431,1450]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wilderi" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B637FA6FE769FA6D" bold="true" box="[1051,1133,1431,1450]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">L. wilderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which occurs in coastal lowlands and montane forests of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B1CBA5FF9EFFC8B1C9FA4BE769FA01" box="[997,1133,1459,1478]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B1CBA5FF9EFFC8B6B0FA4BE61CFA01" box="[1180,1304,1459,1478]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Another congener,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9EFFC8B11EFA37E089FA26" ID-CoL="3V8YS" box="[818,909,1486,1506]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trefauti" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B11EFA37E089FA26" bold="true" box="[818,909,1486,1506]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">L. trefauti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is recorded from the northernmost portion of the Atlantic Rainforest, in northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36245D7FF9EFFC8B618FA12E769FA3A" box="[1076,1133,1514,1533]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9EFFC8B69BFA13E7F7FA3A" ID-CoL="3V8YD" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[1207,1267,1514,1534]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beui" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B69BFA13E7F7FA3A" bold="true" box="[1207,1267,1514,1534]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">L. beui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not been recorded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36F56CCFF9EFFCFB11EF9DAE3E5F89D" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF9EFFC8B11EF9DAE757F9F2" blockId="11.[818,1488,1570,1980]" box="[818,1107,1570,1589]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B11EF9DAE757F9F2" bold="true" box="[818,1107,1570,1589]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">3.3.9. Osteological comparisons</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA0547FF9EFFCFB17DF9C6E3E5F89D" blockId="11.[818,1488,1570,1980]" lastBlockId="12.[100,770,1333,1883]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Osteological description is based upon adult
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CEBBE5FF9EFFC8B722F9C7E66DF995" box="[1294,1385,1599,1618]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9EFFC8B7BCF9C7E6D4F996" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[1424,1488,1598,1618]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beui" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B7BCF9C7E6D4F996" bold="true" box="[1424,1488,1598,1618]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">L. beui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BMNH 1946.1.11.12, MCZ-R 17842, 16702,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E19C2FF9EFFC8B6F4F9A2E647F9AA" box="[1240,1347,1626,1645]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="10.[1042,1072,149,166]" captionStartId-1="11.[100,130,1083,1100]" captionStartId-2="12.[100,130,1224,1241]" captionTargetBox-0="[101,1017,149,1470]" captionTargetBox-1="[107,766,149,1055]" captionTargetBox-2="[336,1252,149,1196]" captionTargetId-0="figure-359@10.[100,1018,148,1471]" captionTargetId-1="figure-1097@11.[106,767,148,1056]" captionTargetId-2="figure-470@12.[335,1253,148,1197]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionText-0="Fig. 10. Dorsal (A), lateral (B), and ventral (C) views of the skull of Liotyphlops beui (MCZ 17842, paratype) based on μCT imagery. Different skull elements are digitally colored and the mandible is removed for better visualization. Abbreviations: BO = basioccipital; ECP = ectopterygoid; F = frontal; MX = maxilla; NA = nasal; OT = otico–occipital complex; P = parietal; PAL = palatine; PBS = parabasisphenoid; PFR = prefrontal; PMX = premaxilla; PO = postorbital; PT = pterygoid; Q = quadrate; SMX =septomaxilla; V = vomer. Scale bar = 1 mm." captionText-1="Fig. 11. Anterior (A) and posterior (B) views of the skull and lower jaw of Liotyphlops beui (MCZ 17842, paratype) based on μCT imagery. Different skull elements are digitally colored to improve visualization. Abbreviations: BO = basioccipital; CB = compound bone; CO = coronoid; D =dentary; F = frontal; MX = maxilla; NA = nasal; OT = otico–occipital complex; P =parietal; PBS = parabasisphenoid; PFR =prefrontal; PMX =premaxilla; PO =postorbital; PT = pterygoid; Q =quadrate; SMX =septomaxilla; SP =splenial. Scale bar =1 mm." captionText-2="Fig. 12. Lateral (A), medial (B), dorsal (C), and ventral (D) views of the lower jaw of Liotyphlops beui (MCZ 17842, paratype) based on μCT imagery. Different skull elements are digitally colored to improve visualization. Abbreviations: CB =compound bone; CO =coronoid; D =dentary; RP =retroarticular process of compound bone; SP = splenial. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375626" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375628" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10375630" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10375626/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10375628/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10375630/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">Figs. 10–12</figureCitation>
|
||
). Comparisons are made to the osteological description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9EFFC8B6E2F98EE639F94E" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[1230,1341,1654,1673]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albirostris" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B6E2F98EE639F94E" bold="true" box="[1230,1341,1654,1673]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">L. albirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE478B6FF9EFFC8B760F98EE066F962" author="Rieppel, O. & Kley, N. J. & Maisano, J. A." pageId="11" pageNumber="21" pagination="536 - 557" refId="ref15527" refString="Rieppel, O., Kley, N. J., Maisano, J. A., 2009. Morphology of the skull of the white-nosed blindsnake, Liotyphlops albirostris (Scolecophidia: Anomalepididae). J. Morphol. 270, 536 - 557." type="journal article" year="2009">Rieppel et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; characters in parenthesis). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9EFFC8B652F96AE7BDF963" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[1150,1209,1681,1701]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beui" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
L.
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B6B8F969E7BDF963" bold="true" box="[1172,1209,1681,1700]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">beui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the lateral flange of the nasal forms a more pronounced and longer projection that overlaps the laterally descending frontal flange (lateral flange of the nasals forms a less pronounced, smaller projection, slightly overlapping the laterally descending frontal flange in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9EFFC8B613F8FAE7A9F8D3" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[1087,1197,1793,1813]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albirostris" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B613F8FAE7A9F8D3" bold="true" box="[1087,1197,1793,1813]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">L. albirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); the foramina on the external surface of the nasal tend to be concentrated along the midline of the dorsal surface, with its anterior surface of nasal without foramina, rugose thickened (foramina on the external surface of the nasal are concentrated on both sides of the midline on its anterior and dorsal surfaces in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9EFFC8B1B7F875E70CF867" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[923,1032,1933,1952]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albirostris" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B1B7F875E70CF867" bold="true" box="[923,1032,1933,1952]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">L. albirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); the anterior end of nasal is pointed (straight in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF9EFFC8B11EF851E0A4F87B" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[818,928,1961,1980]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albirostris" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF9EFFC8B11EF851E0A4F87B" bold="true" box="[818,928,1961,1980]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="21">L. albirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); the anterior end of the vomer remains separate from the premaxilla, with vomers unfused along their entire length (fused on posterior part in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF99FFCFB324FAA9E27CFAA3" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[264,376,1361,1380]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albirostris" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF99FFCFB324FAA9E27CFAA3" bold="true" box="[264,376,1361,1380]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="22">L. albirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); the paired frontals meet the paired parietals in a broad V-shaped suture (U-shaped suture in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF99FFCFB04FFA95E1D4FA47" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[611,720,1389,1408]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albirostris" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF99FFCFB04FFA95E1D4FA47" bold="true" box="[611,720,1389,1408]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="22">L. albirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); the postorbital element contacts the lateral surface of the prefrontal slightly anterior to the prefrontal-frontal articulation (separated from the prefrontal in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF99FFCFB2E1FA39E244FA14" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[205,320,1472,1492]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albirostris" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF99FFCFB2E1FA39E244FA14" bold="true" box="[205,320,1472,1492]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="22">L. albirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); no foramina in the dentigerous process of maxilla (foramina present in dentigerous process of maxilla in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF99FFCFB248FA01E3D2F9CC" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[100,214,1528,1548]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albirostris" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF99FFCFB248FA01E3D2F9CC" bold="true" box="[100,214,1528,1548]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="22">L. albirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); the posterolateral process of palatine contacts anterior region of pterygoid (separated from pterygoid in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF99FFCFB01BF9EDE1A2F9E0" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[567,678,1556,1576]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albirostris" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF99FFCFB01BF9EDE1A2F9E0" bold="true" box="[567,678,1556,1576]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="22">L. albirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); an ossified supratemporal and supraoccipital are both absent (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF99FFCFB248F9B4E3DEF998" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[100,218,1612,1631]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albirostris" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF99FFCFB248F9B4E3DEF998" bold="true" box="[100,218,1612,1631]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="22">L. albirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); trigeminal foramen larger, formed by the parabasisphenoid, parietal and prootic (trigeminal foramen smaller in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF99FFCFB248F97CE3DFF950" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[100,219,1668,1687]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albirostris" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF99FFCFB248F97CE3DFF950" bold="true" box="[100,219,1668,1687]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="22">L. albirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, formed by parietal and prootic); ventral surface of basioccipital indented at both sides of the anterolateral region (smooth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF99FFCFB251F944E3EFF909" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[125,235,1723,1743]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albirostris" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF99FFCFB251F944E3EFF909" bold="true" box="[125,235,1723,1743]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="22">L. albirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); ventral margin of coronoid not in contact with splenial (identified as “angular” by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE478B6FF99FFCFB34AF920E12EF92C" author="Rieppel, O. & Kley, N. J. & Maisano, J. A." box="[358,554,1752,1771]" pageId="12" pageNumber="22" pagination="536 - 557" refId="ref15527" refString="Rieppel, O., Kley, N. J., Maisano, J. A., 2009. Morphology of the skull of the white-nosed blindsnake, Liotyphlops albirostris (Scolecophidia: Anomalepididae). J. Morphol. 270, 536 - 557." type="journal article" year="2009">Rieppel et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, contacting splenial in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF99FFCFB248F90CE3D3F8C1" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[100,215,1779,1799]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albirostris" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF99FFCFB248F90CE3D3F8C1" bold="true" box="[100,215,1779,1799]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="22">L. albirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); splenial visible in lateral and medial views, posterior surface not obscured in medial view by the compound bone and coronoid (posterior surface obscured by compound bone and coronoid in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C757EC4FF99FFCFB248F8B0E3D7F89D" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[100,211,1863,1883]" class="Reptilia" family="Anomalepididae" genus="Liotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albirostris" subOrder="Serpentes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901D955FF99FFCFB248F8B0E3D7F89D" bold="true" box="[100,211,1863,1883]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="22">L. albirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |