509 lines
51 KiB
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509 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document id="255B74EAFBF0377EA30F1F3FB831CECF" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.199882" ID-GBIF-Dataset="efb4281f-a3cb-44f7-857e-75432dce8562" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="199882" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460347854172" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Constantino, Luis Miguel & Salazar, Julian A." docDate="2010" docId="03CF8A54004AFFD990FEFC8CFDF217F3" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02720p027.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2720" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Philaethria dido subsp. dido Linnaeus 1763" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FFF6F22C004FFFDF9069FF93FFC61337" masterDocTitle="A review of the Philaethria dido species complex (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae) and description of three new sibling species from Colombia and Venezuela" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698265939421" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="EE1D5438D2E0C56BBA1998CC69866BF2">A review of the Philaethria dido species complex (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae) and description of three new sibling species from Colombia and Venezuela</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BDB4EEBA3D54E7D29EBDD38BE2CF37AC">Constantino, Luis Miguel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="F9B3B48ACE5297225C877C8D7E7024C6" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C1467522F6D435B69D62B108907ACAC3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E2DBC52D388E469D120A9C992FC7BBC9">Salazar, Julian A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="76E34E24B34F485DA390F95813D2D904">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3A191E101E32076D2A7877EF4B6EBCC7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="FDDA535B22370BE016C54881EF552C71">
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<mods:date id="B4EB21EB9D396BA952DCCAB11F8E8B97">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="8CCBBA788C0D82BF6080048CF7BC32F2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="8F7DEECB577DA26AD5F67FF0A52E7169">2720</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B231C3DD25850E2A3A13D9EFA2E6F6DF">1</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="CB2A7C9D1A7C24B72E643C4259EA3A6E" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.199882</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2EA26D72E38436A44DD68571BD8BA475" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6140D8570DE9E877EF852ACF505B8904" type="Zenodo-Dep">199882</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CF8A54004AFFD990FEFC8CFDF217F3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6211171" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119407541" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6211171" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CF8A54004AFFD990FEFC8CFDF217F3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CF8A54004AFFD990FEFC8CFDF217F3" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="C37C68C9004AFFDA90FEFC8CFCFD10E9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD93B42004AFFDA90FEFC8CFDA8100E" blockId="5.[151,622,799,858]" box="[151,622,799,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<heading id="D0918C2E004AFFDA90FEFC8CFDA8100E" bold="true" box="[151,622,799,825]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1004AFFDA90FEFC8CFDA8100E" ID-CoL="4G4ST" authority="Linnaeus, 1763" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1763" box="[151,622,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="dido" subSpecies="dido">
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||
<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA90FEFC8CFDA8100E" bold="true" box="[151,622,799,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA90FEFC8CFE50100E" bold="true" box="[151,406,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Philaethria dido dido</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus, 1763)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD93B42004AFFDA90FEFCD1FF39106D" blockId="5.[151,622,799,858]" box="[151,255,834,858]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="135D27C7004AFFDA90F6FCD1FF31106D" box="[159,247,834,858]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 - 11. 2. P" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[187,1378,214,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[185,1379,194,1848]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 2 - 11. 2. P. dido dido 3 Rio Amazonas, Colombia, 3. P. dido chocoensis 3 Rio Anchicayá, W. Colombia, 4. P. dido dido 3 Bajo Rio Caura, Bolivar, Venezuela, 5. P. dido panamensis, ssp. nov., 3 Holotype. Pácora, Chiriquí, Panama, 6. P. diatonica 3 ACG Guanacaste, Costa Rica, 7. P. diatonica Ƥ Metates, Oaxaca, Mexico, 8. P. constantinoi 3 Chocó, W. Colombia, 9. P. constantinoi Ƥ Chocó, W. Colombia, 10. P. wernickei 3 S ao Paulo, Brazil, 11. P. pygmalion pygmalion 3 Araracuara, Amazonas, Colombia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199884/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig.2, 4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD93B42004AFFDA90FEFC19FD5E1097" blockId="5.[151,1134,906,990]" box="[151,664,906,928]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Amoenitaes Academic dissertationes variae 6: 408</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD93B42004AFFDA90FEFC39FCFD10E9" blockId="5.[151,1134,906,990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA90FEFC39FF631088" bold="true" box="[151,165,938,959]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">=</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1004AFFDA90C5FC3AFE091088" authority="Linnaeus, 1763" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1763" box="[172,463,937,959]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dido">
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<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA90C5FC3AFEEC1088" box="[172,298,937,959]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Papilio dido</emphasis>
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Linnaeus, 1763
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</taxonomicName>
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. Centuria Insectorum Rariorum. Upsala Johansson, B. 1763: p. 32 =
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<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1004AFFDA90C2FC5BFDC110E9" authority="Linnaeus, 1763" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1763" box="[171,519,968,990]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Metamorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dido">
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<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA90C2FC5BFEA710E9" box="[171,353,968,990]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Metamorpha dido</emphasis>
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Linnaeus, 1763
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</taxonomicName>
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. Godman & Salvin, 1881: 166
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37C68C9004AFFDA90FEFB98FA801715" box="[151,1350,1034,1059]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD93B42004AFFDA90FEFB98FA801715" blockId="5.[151,1437,1034,2031]" box="[151,1350,1034,1059]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA90FEFB98FEF31714" bold="true" box="[151,309,1034,1059]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<typeStatus id="54DD85E0004AFFDA90FEFB98FF141714" box="[151,210,1035,1059]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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Guianas, Amazon basin.
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<typeStatus id="54DD85E0004AFFDA923CFB98FD571714" box="[597,657,1035,1059]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
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:
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<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA92F2FB99FC041714" bold="true" box="[667,962,1034,1059]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED77A387004AFFDA92CAFB99FCC71714" box="[675,769,1034,1059]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BMNH</collectionCode>
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):
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<typeStatus id="54DD85E0004AFFDA937CFB98FC441714" box="[789,898,1035,1059]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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male
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</emphasis>
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: illustrated in Johansson, B, 1763.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37C68C9004AFFDA90ACFBBDFD241785" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD93B42004AFFDA90ACFBBDFD241785" blockId="5.[151,1437,1034,2031]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA90ACFBBDFEF91770" bold="true" box="[197,319,1070,1095]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Forewing length
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<quantity id="4C9E96A7004AFFDA926FFBBDFD441771" box="[518,642,1070,1094]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="49.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="48.0">48–50 mm</quantity>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1004AFFDA92E4FBBDFC801771" box="[653,838,1070,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dido">
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<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA92E4FBBDFC801771" box="[653,838,1070,1094]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Philaethria dido</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is recognized by the red inner postdiscal band on the ventral surface of the hindwing. The ventral forewing anal cell bar is black. The ventral submarginal band is completely filled with red without white. The discal green area on the ventral surface has a silver reflection very extended all over the discal area. Both sexes similar.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37C68C9004AFFDA90ACFB2DFAAB17CD" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD93B42004AFFDA90ACFB2DFAAB17CD" blockId="5.[151,1437,1034,2031]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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||
<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA90ACFB2DFDF017E0" bold="true" box="[197,566,1214,1239]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Haploid chromosome number:</emphasis>
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n=88 (voucher specimen fig.4). Additional material examined in
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<collectingCountry id="F3717BD2004AFFDA954BFB2DFA5E17E1" box="[1314,1432,1214,1238]" name="Venezuela" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="F3717BD2004AFFDA90AFFB71FECD17CD" box="[198,267,1250,1274]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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from different localities in the amazon basin by (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF746B3004AFFDA935AFB71FB4617CD" author="Suomalainen" box="[819,1152,1250,1274]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Suomalainen, E & Brown, K. S. (1984) Chromosome number variation within Philaethria butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae). Chromosoma, 90, 170 - 176." type="journal article" year="1984">Suomalainen & Brown, 1984</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF746B3004AFFDA94E2FB70FAA717CD" author="Brown" box="[1163,1377,1250,1275]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Brown, K. S., Emmel, T. C., Eliazar, P. J. & Suomalainen, E. (1992) Evolutionary patterns in chromosome numbers in neotropical Lepidoptera. I. Chromosomes of the Heliconiini. Hereditas, 117, 109 - 125." type="journal article" year="1992">
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Brown
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<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA94B6FB77FAD617CC" box="[1247,1296,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
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., 1992
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</bibRefCitation>
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.)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37C68C9004AFFDA90ACFA94FED116E5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD93B42004AFFDA90ACFA94FED116E5" blockId="5.[151,1437,1034,2031]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA90ACFA94FE2D1628" bold="true" box="[197,491,1286,1311]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Male genitalia (
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<figureCitation id="135D27C7004AFFDA91EDFA95FE1B1628" box="[388,477,1286,1311]" captionStart="FIGURES 32 – 41" captionStartId="20.[151,269,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[283,1299,213,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[274,1316,194,1910]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 32 – 41. Male genitalia, with aedeagus removed in lateral view. 32. P. diatonica. 33. P. dido 34. P. constantinoi. 35. P. wernickei. 36. P. pygmalion. 37. P. neildi. 38. P. andrei. 39. P. o s t a r a. 40. P. browni. 41. P. romeroi. Scale line 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199889/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
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):
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</emphasis>
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As illustrated. Saccus stout and very short (long in
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<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1004AFFDA9420FA9BFB161629" box="[1097,1232,1286,1311]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diatonica">
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<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA9420FA9BFB161629" box="[1097,1232,1286,1311]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. diatonica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), vinculum stout, slightly curved and swollen basally, tegumen rounded distally with setae at the base of the uncus and the medial area; uncus long, curved dorsally, tapering gradually to pointed tip; gnathos the same size of the uncus, curved distally and tapering to pointed tip; valvae with a long basal hook curved forward, reaching the tip of the uncus, with a swollen arm with a round head armed with microspines; aedeagus long and straight, tapering gadually to pointed tip.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37C68C9004AFFD990ACFA4DFCC213E3" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD93B42004AFFDA90ACFA4DFA9E159D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1034,2031]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA90ACFA4DFE3116C0" bold="true" box="[197,503,1502,1527]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1004AFFDA926BFA73FD9516C1" box="[514,595,1502,1527]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dido">
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<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA926BFA73FD9516C1" box="[514,595,1502,1527]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. dido</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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occurs from sea level to
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<quantity id="4C9E96A7004AFFDA93ECFA4DFC1616C1" box="[901,976,1502,1526]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
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in association with lowland rain forest habitats throughout the east Andean region from
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<collectingCountry id="F3717BD2004AFFDA92D0F991FCE1152D" box="[697,807,1538,1562]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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||
to eastern
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<collectingCountry id="F3717BD2004AFFDA93C9F991FC39152D" box="[928,1023,1538,1562]" name="Ecuador" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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, east of the Andes from
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<collectingCountry id="F3717BD2004AFFDA9565F991FAB9152D" box="[1292,1407,1538,1562]" name="Venezuela" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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||
to
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<collectingCountry id="F3717BD2004AFFDA90FEF9B5FF2A1509" box="[151,236,1574,1598]" name="Bolivia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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, northern
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<collectingCountry id="F3717BD2004AFFDA9103F9B4FE141508" box="[362,466,1575,1599]" name="Paraguay" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F3717BD2004AFFDA927EF9B5FD4C1509" box="[535,650,1574,1598]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="F3717BD2004AFFDA92F2F9B5FD241509" box="[667,738,1574,1598]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, the Amazon basin and
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<collectingCountry id="F3717BD2004AFFDA9479F9B5FBB51509" box="[1040,1139,1574,1598]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
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. Unlike other species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1004AFFDA90FEF9D8FED11554" box="[151,279,1611,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA90FEF9D8FED11554" box="[151,279,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Philaethria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1004AFFDA914DF9DFFEB41554" box="[292,370,1611,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dido">
|
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<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA914DF9DFFEB41554" box="[292,370,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. dido</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
visits wet sand on the beaches along rivers in lowland rain forests, forming small aggregations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D27C7004AFFDA90F6F9FDFED815B1" box="[159,286,1646,1670]" captionStart="FIGURE 42. A, B. P" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[239,1344,187,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[235,1353,170,1838]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 42. A, B. P. dido dido, Rio Madre de Dios, Perú. C. P. dido dido, Mato Grosso Brazil. D. mating of P. diatonica. E – F. Larva of P. dido chocoensis, Colombia. G – H. Larva of P. pygmalion, Villavicencio, Colombia. I. egg of P. dido chocoensis. J. Pupa of P. dido dido, Villavicencio, Colombia. K. Pupa of P. andrei, Fr. Guiana. L. Larva of P. diatonica, ACG Guanacaste, Costa Rica. M. Passiflora vitifolia, host plant of P. dido chocoensis, Rio Anchicayá, Colombia. Photos: Adrian Hoskins, H. Koloska, Gill Carter, B. Jimenez, Gregory Nielsen, Daniel Janzen, Christian Brevignon, Fredy Montero, Luis M. Constantino." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199890/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 42 a,b</figureCitation>
|
||
,c).
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA912EF9E3FE5415B0" box="[327,402,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. d i d o</emphasis>
|
||
flies at middle altitudes along rivers and forest edges. The adults visit flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1004AFFDA9557F9E3FF2A159C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Lantana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA9557F9E3FF2A159C" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lantana camara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a variety of other plants that occur along forest edges. It is most abundant during the dry season.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD93B42004AFFDA90ACF924FBB91421" blockId="5.[151,1437,1034,2031]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA90ACF924FE8F15F8" bold="true" box="[197,329,1719,1743]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Host plant.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA9138F925FCC915F9" box="[337,783,1718,1743]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1004AFFDA9138F925FD8515F9" box="[337,579,1718,1742]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auriculata">Passiflora auriculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1004AFFDA9227F92BFCC915F9" box="[590,783,1718,1743]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guazumaefolia">P. guazumaefolia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD2004AFFDA935AF925FC6015F9" box="[819,934,1718,1742]" name="Venezuela" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF746B3004AFFDA93DCF925FB2315F9" author="Brown" box="[949,1253,1718,1742]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Brown, K. S. Jr. & Fernandez- Yepez, F. (1985) Los Heliconiini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) de Venezuela. Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana, 3 (4), 29 - 76." type="journal article" year="1985">Brown & Fernandez, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA9493F92BFD4E15C4" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1004AFFDA9493F92BFABD15F8" box="[1274,1403,1720,1743]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccinea">P. coccinea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1004AFFDA95EEF92BFF1B15C4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="edulis">P. edulis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1004AFFDA9081F94FFEB915C4" box="[232,383,1756,1779]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mucronata">P. mucronata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1004AFFDA91E2F94FFDCF15C4" box="[395,521,1756,1779]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="speciosa">P. speciosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1004AFFDA927CF94FFD4E15C4" box="[533,648,1755,1779]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vitifolia">P. vitifolia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD2004AFFDA92C4F949FD3415C5" box="[685,754,1754,1778]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Benson
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA9334F94FFC4115C4" box="[861,903,1756,1779]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et a</emphasis>
|
||
l., 1976, Brown & Mielke, 1972;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF746B3004AFFDA9569F948FA5215C5" author="Brown" box="[1280,1428,1754,1778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Brown, K. S. Jr. (1981) The biology of Heliconius and related genera. Annual Review of Entomology., 26, 421 - 456." type="journal article" year="1981">Brown, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1004AFFDA90FEF893FECF1421" box="[151,265,1790,1815]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vitifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA90FEF893FECF1421" box="[151,265,1790,1815]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. vitifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD2004AFFDA9144F96DFE5D1421" box="[301,411,1790,1814]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Constantino, 1998);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1004AFFDA92F8F893FCD11421" box="[657,791,1790,1815]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laurifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA92F8F893FCD11421" box="[657,791,1790,1815]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. laurifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD2004AFFDA9352F96DFC5C1421" box="[827,922,1790,1814]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF746B3004AFFDA93C1F96DFBB01421" author="Beebe" box="[936,1142,1790,1815]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Beebe, W., Crane, J. & Flemming, H. (1960) A comparison of eggs, larvae, and pupae in fourteen species of heliconiine butterflies from Trinidad. W. I. Zoologica, 45, 111 - 154." type="journal article" year="1960">
|
||
Beebe
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA939EF893FBE91421" box="[1015,1071,1790,1815]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1960
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD93B42004AFFD990ACF8B0FCC213E3" blockId="5.[151,1437,1034,2031]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,1220]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA90ACF8B0FE53140C" bold="true" box="[197,405,1827,1851]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Immature stages.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF746B3004AFFDA91F4F8B1FDB9140D" box="[413,639,1826,1851]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Beebe, W., Crane, J. & Flemming, H. (1960) A comparison of eggs, larvae, and pupae in fourteen species of heliconiine butterflies from Trinidad. W. I. Zoologica, 45, 111 - 154." type="journal article">
|
||
Beebe
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA9185F8B7FDD8140C" box="[492,542,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., (1960)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
give detailed descriptions of the life history of
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA94F6F8B7FB2C140C" box="[1183,1258,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. d i d o</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD2004AFFDA955FF8B1FA53140D" box="[1334,1429,1826,1850]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Constantino (1998) describe the immature stages of
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA928DF8DBFC721469" box="[740,948,1862,1887]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. d i d o chocoensis</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD2004AFFDA9390F8D5FBAD1469" box="[1017,1131,1862,1886]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Egg- yellow, 1.6 mm high and 1.2 mm in diameter, with 22 vertical and 12 horizontal ridges, laid singly on tendrils and stipules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D27C7004AFFDA9541F8F9FABC14B5" box="[1320,1402,1898,1922]" captionStart="FIGURE 42. A, B. P" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[239,1344,187,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[235,1353,170,1838]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 42. A, B. P. dido dido, Rio Madre de Dios, Perú. C. P. dido dido, Mato Grosso Brazil. D. mating of P. diatonica. E – F. Larva of P. dido chocoensis, Colombia. G – H. Larva of P. pygmalion, Villavicencio, Colombia. I. egg of P. dido chocoensis. J. Pupa of P. dido dido, Villavicencio, Colombia. K. Pupa of P. andrei, Fr. Guiana. L. Larva of P. diatonica, ACG Guanacaste, Costa Rica. M. Passiflora vitifolia, host plant of P. dido chocoensis, Rio Anchicayá, Colombia. Photos: Adrian Hoskins, H. Koloska, Gill Carter, B. Jimenez, Gregory Nielsen, Daniel Janzen, Christian Brevignon, Fredy Montero, Luis M. Constantino." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199890/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FFD81D82004AFFDA9537F8F9FABC14B5" box="[1374,1402,1898,1922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1942-01">42</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I). Mature larva (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D27C7004AFFDA9150F81DFE4C1491" box="[313,394,1934,1958]" captionStart="FIGURE 42. A, B. P" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[239,1344,187,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[235,1353,170,1838]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 42. A, B. P. dido dido, Rio Madre de Dios, Perú. C. P. dido dido, Mato Grosso Brazil. D. mating of P. diatonica. E – F. Larva of P. dido chocoensis, Colombia. G – H. Larva of P. pygmalion, Villavicencio, Colombia. I. egg of P. dido chocoensis. J. Pupa of P. dido dido, Villavicencio, Colombia. K. Pupa of P. andrei, Fr. Guiana. L. Larva of P. diatonica, ACG Guanacaste, Costa Rica. M. Passiflora vitifolia, host plant of P. dido chocoensis, Rio Anchicayá, Colombia. Photos: Adrian Hoskins, H. Koloska, Gill Carter, B. Jimenez, Gregory Nielsen, Daniel Janzen, Christian Brevignon, Fredy Montero, Luis M. Constantino." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199890/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
|
||
e,f)) - body white with black marking on dorsum and sides; base of each scoli with orange fused together forming small orange bands reduced in size (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1004AFFDA9333F827FC2714FC" box="[858,993,1971,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diatonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E750004AFFDA9333F827FC2714FC" box="[858,993,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. diatonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the bands are much wider). Scoli large and orange with black tips; head capsule shiny beige and head scoli black. Pupa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D27C7004AFFDA9472F845FBAC14D9" box="[1051,1130,2006,2030]" captionStart="FIGURE 42. A, B. P" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[239,1344,187,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[235,1353,170,1838]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 42. A, B. P. dido dido, Rio Madre de Dios, Perú. C. P. dido dido, Mato Grosso Brazil. D. mating of P. diatonica. E – F. Larva of P. dido chocoensis, Colombia. G – H. Larva of P. pygmalion, Villavicencio, Colombia. I. egg of P. dido chocoensis. J. Pupa of P. dido dido, Villavicencio, Colombia. K. Pupa of P. andrei, Fr. Guiana. L. Larva of P. diatonica, ACG Guanacaste, Costa Rica. M. Passiflora vitifolia, host plant of P. dido chocoensis, Rio Anchicayá, Colombia. Photos: Adrian Hoskins, H. Koloska, Gill Carter, B. Jimenez, Gregory Nielsen, Daniel Janzen, Christian Brevignon, Fredy Montero, Luis M. Constantino." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199890/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
|
||
j)- mottled brown and gray covered with warts; abdomen with a white lateral band from the cremaster to the first segment; abdomen and thorax have keels; generally resembles a bird dropping.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37C68C90049FFD990ACFF4CFDF217F3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD93B420049FFD990ACFF4CFDF217F3" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1220]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD990ACFF4CFDA013CF" bold="true" box="[197,614,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Material examined.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD20049FFD991D7FF4CFDA713CF" box="[446,609,223,248]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
AMAZONAS: Leticia, Rio Amazonas,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E96A70049FFD99456FF4CFB4B13C0" box="[1087,1165,223,247]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
|
||
, L.M. Constantino
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD9951AFF73FA5313CF" box="[1395,1429,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg</emphasis>
|
||
. (CFC), km 4 via a Tarapacá,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E96A70049FFD9918AFE97FDEB122B" box="[483,557,260,284]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
|
||
, L.M. Constantino
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD99362FE97FCF2122B" box="[779,820,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
(CFC), Puerto Nariño, Rio Loreto Yacu,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E96A70049FFD99564FE97FA91122B" box="[1293,1367,260,284]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
|
||
, L.M. Constantino
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD9914FFEBBFE8E1277" box="[294,328,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg</emphasis>
|
||
. (CFC), San Martin de Amacayacu,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E96A70049FFD99280FEB4FCF71208" box="[745,817,295,319]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
|
||
L.M. Constantino
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD99461FEBBFBEC1277" box="[1032,1066,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg</emphasis>
|
||
. (CFC), Rio Tacana, km 8, J. A. Salazar
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD9909CFEDFFED11253" box="[245,279,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77A3870049FFD9915BFEDFFE581253" box="[306,414,332,356]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">MHNUC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77A3870049FFD991DBFEDFFDC51253" box="[434,515,332,356]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">META</collectionCode>
|
||
: rio Losada, Serrania de la Macarena,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E96A70049FFD993BAFEDFFBE61253" box="[979,1056,332,356]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
||
, E. Schmidt-Mumm
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD99573FEDFFAFA1253" box="[1306,1340,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg</emphasis>
|
||
(ESM), Villavicencio, Rio Sosomuco,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E96A70049FFD99184FEFCFDF112B0" box="[493,567,367,391]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
|
||
, L.M. Constantino
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD9937BFEE3FCF212BF" box="[786,820,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg</emphasis>
|
||
(CFC) PUTUMAYO: Orito,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E96A70049FFD994E9FEFCFB0F12B0" box="[1152,1225,367,391]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
||
, L.M. Constantino
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD990FEFE07FF7F129B" box="[151,185,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg</emphasis>
|
||
(CFC), Puerto Umbria,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E96A70049FFD991B2FE07FDE1129B" box="[475,551,404,428]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
||
, L.M. Constantino leg. (CFC), Villagarzón,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E96A70049FFD99456FE07FB4A129B" box="[1087,1164,404,428]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
||
, L.M. Constantino
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD9951AFE07FA5A129B" box="[1395,1436,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
(CFC).
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD99086FE24FE2F12E7" bold="true" box="[239,489,439,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD20049FFD99086FE24FE2212E7" box="[239,484,439,464]" name="French Guiana" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FRENCH GUIANA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Cacao, Roura,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E96A70049FFD992F6FE24FD2C12F8" box="[671,746,439,463]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
|
||
, C. Brevignon
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD993F5FE2BFC7812E7" box="[924,958,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg</emphasis>
|
||
. (LCB) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF746B30049FFD99440FE24FAD412F8" author="Brevignon" box="[1065,1298,439,463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Brevignon, C. (2002) Description d´un nouveau Philaethria provenant de Guyane Francaise et note sur sa biologie (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae). Lambillionea, 102 (4), 469 - 473." type="journal article" year="2002">Brevignon, C. 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD9954EFE24FA5A12E7" bold="true" box="[1319,1436,439,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD20049FFD9954EFE24FA5012E7" box="[1319,1430,439,464]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77A3870049FFD990FEFE4FFF2012C3" box="[151,230,476,500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ACRE</collectionCode>
|
||
: Brasileia, K. S. Brown leg. (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD20049FFD99243FE4FFDA312C3" box="[554,613,476,500]" name="Kosovo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">KSB</collectingCountry>
|
||
), AMAZONAS: Tefé (K.S. Brown
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD99398FE4FFBD512C3" box="[1009,1043,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg</emphasis>
|
||
.) (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD20049FFD9945BFE4FFBAB12C3" box="[1074,1133,476,500]" name="Kosovo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">KSB</collectingCountry>
|
||
), Airport of Sao Gabriel da Cachoeira (K.S. Brown
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD991C3FD93FE0A112F" box="[426,460,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg</emphasis>
|
||
.)(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD20049FFD9918BFE6CFDE61120" box="[482,544,511,535]" name="Kosovo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">KSB</collectingCountry>
|
||
), Carauari, K. S. Brown
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD99356FD93FCAE112F" box="[831,872,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD20049FFD99310FE6CFC721120" box="[889,948,511,535]" name="Kosovo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">KSB</collectingCountry>
|
||
), Lago Paraiso 20 Km E of Humaitá, K.S. Brown
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD99082FDB7FED2110B" box="[235,276,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD20049FFD9914DFDB7FE99110B" box="[292,351,548,572]" name="Kosovo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">KSB</collectingCountry>
|
||
), Rodovia Transamazonica 105 Km E of Humaitá, K. S. Brown
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD9945FFDB7FB99110B" box="[1078,1119,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD20049FFD99406FDB7FB6C110B" box="[1135,1194,548,572]" name="Kosovo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">KSB</collectingCountry>
|
||
), 124 Km of the road to Mina Sao Francisco, K.S. Brown
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD99221FDDBFDB41157" box="[584,626,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD20049FFD992ECFDD4FD061168" box="[645,704,583,607]" name="Kosovo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">KSB</collectingCountry>
|
||
), Rodovia Transamazonica 596 Km from Itaituba to Humaitá. RONDONIA:
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E96A70049FFD99155FDFFFE4511B3" box="[316,387,620,644]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="km" value="81.0">81 km</quantity>
|
||
of the road from Vilhena to Pimienta Bueno, K. S. Brown
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD99475FDFFFB8011B3" box="[1052,1094,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD20049FFD9943CFDFFFB5611B3" box="[1109,1168,620,644]" name="Kosovo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">KSB</collectingCountry>
|
||
), Cachoeira do Samuel, K.S. Brown
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD9914FFD03FE96119F" box="[294,336,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD20049FFD99108FD1CFE5A1190" box="[353,412,655,679]" name="Kosovo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">KSB</collectingCountry>
|
||
), Jarú, K. S. Brown
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD992E1FD03FD74119F" box="[648,690,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD20049FFD992AAFD1CFD381190" box="[707,766,655,679]" name="Kosovo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">KSB</collectingCountry>
|
||
), km 32 of the road to Colorado, K. S. Brown
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD99573FD03FA85119F" box="[1306,1347,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD20049FFD9953DFD1CFA491190" box="[1364,1423,655,679]" name="Kosovo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">KSB</collectingCountry>
|
||
), Colorado, K. S. Brown leg. (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD20049FFD99199FD27FDED11FB" box="[496,555,692,716]" name="Kosovo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">KSB</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77A3870049FFD9922AFD27FD5611FB" box="[579,656,692,716]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">PARA</collectionCode>
|
||
: Serrra do Cachimbo near Quinze de Novembro, K.S. Brown
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD9951AFD27FA5A11FB" box="[1395,1436,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD20049FFD990F7FD44FF1211D8" box="[158,212,727,751]" name="Kosovo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">KSB</collectingCountry>
|
||
),Cachoeira do Curuá, K. S. Brown
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD99213FD4BFD5A11C7" box="[634,668,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD20049FFD992DCFD44FD3611D8" box="[693,752,727,751]" name="Kosovo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">KSB</collectingCountry>
|
||
), Belém, K. S. Brown leg. (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD20049FFD99450FD44FBB411D8" box="[1081,1138,727,751]" name="Kosovo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">KSB</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF746B30049FFD994E2FD44FF151023" author="Suomalainen" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Suomalainen, E & Brown, K. S. (1984) Chromosome number variation within Philaethria butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae). Chromosoma, 90, 170 - 176." type="journal article" year="1984">Suomalainen & Brown, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD9908FFD68FEAF1023" bold="true" box="[230,361,763,788]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD20049FFD9908FFD68FEA21023" box="[230,356,763,788]" name="Bolivia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">BOLIVIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77A3870049FFD99119FD6EFE741023" box="[368,434,765,788]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">BENI</collectionCode>
|
||
(MHNUSM), LA PAZ: PN
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77A3870049FFD99284FD6FFCFE1023" box="[749,824,764,788]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ANMI</collectionCode>
|
||
Madidi, Rio Madidi,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E96A70049FFD99440FD6FFBAA1023" box="[1065,1132,764,788]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="900.0">900m</quantity>
|
||
, M.A.Apaza
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD99496FD6FFAE71023" box="[1279,1313,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77A3870049FFD9955EFD6FFA531023" box="[1335,1429,764,788]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">MNKM</collectionCode>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF746B30049FFD990F6FC8CFEB11000" author="Apaza" box="[159,375,799,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Apaza, M. A. (2005) Evaluacion del grado de amenaza al habitat a traves de bioindicadores (Lepidoptera) en dos comunidades dentro del area de influencia del PN ANMI Madidi, Bolivia. Tesis. Universidad Mayor de San Andres, Facultad de Agronomia. 140 p." type="book" year="2005">Apaza, M.A. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD991E5FC8CFD82100F" bold="true" box="[396,580,799,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD20049FFD991E5FC8CFDF9100F" box="[396,575,799,824]" name="Venezuela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
AMAZONAS: Yavita,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E96A70049FFD9933BFC8CFC521000" box="[850,916,799,823]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="100.0">100m</quantity>
|
||
, A. Neild
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD99462FCB3FBEB100F" box="[1035,1069,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77A3870049FFD99454FC8CFB4B1000" box="[1085,1165,799,823]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">AFEN</collectionCode>
|
||
); Yavita,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E96A70049FFD99491FC8CFA871000" box="[1272,1345,799,823]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
|
||
N.E. of Maroa, A. Neild
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD9913DFCD7FEBB106B" box="[340,381,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77A3870049FFD991E5FCD7FE1A106B" box="[396,476,836,860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">AFEN</collectionCode>
|
||
). Gavilan,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E96A70049FFD9923AFCD7FD5A106B" box="[595,668,836,860]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E96A70049FFD992CEFCD7FD28106B" box="[679,750,836,860]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="km" value="35.0">35 km</quantity>
|
||
S.E. of Puerto Ayacucho A. Neild
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD9941AFCD7FB53106B" box="[1139,1173,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77A3870049FFD994C3FCD7FB3F106B" box="[1194,1273,836,860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">AFEN</collectionCode>
|
||
), Gavilan,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E96A70049FFD9951BFCD7FF6910B7" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
|
||
, F. de La Villa
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD99137FCFBFE4610B7" box="[350,384,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77A3870049FFD991FEFCF4FE221048" box="[407,484,871,895]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FDLV</collectionCode>
|
||
), Rio Negro, San Carlos de Rio Negro, J. A. Clavijo
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD99457FCFBFBA610B7" box="[1086,1120,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77A3870049FFD9941EFCF4FB021048" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" box="[1143,1220,871,895]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" name="Museo del Instituto de Zoologia Agricola Francisco Fernandez Yepez" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">MIZA</collectionCode>
|
||
), Rio Negro,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD20049FFD99537FCF4FF1C1093" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Santa Lucia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, A. Chacon
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD9910CFC1FFE491093" box="[357,399,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77A3870049FFD991F7FC1FFE2A1093" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" box="[414,492,908,932]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" name="Museo del Instituto de Zoologia Agricola Francisco Fernandez Yepez" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">MIZA</collectionCode>
|
||
); BOLIVAR: Salto Pará,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E96A70049FFD99363FC1FFC951093" box="[778,851,908,932]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
|
||
, Rio Caura, A. Neild
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD99423FC1FFBB51093" box="[1098,1139,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77A3870049FFD994EAFC1FFB141093" box="[1155,1234,908,932]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">AFEN</collectionCode>
|
||
), Bajo Rio Caura, via Maripa- Puerto Cabello,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E96A70049FFD991BDFC3CFDC810FF" box="[468,526,943,968]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="80.0">80 m</quantity>
|
||
, J.C. De Sousa
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD992D5FC23FD2210FF" box="[700,740,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
(JCS), Bajo Rio Caura,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E96A70049FFD9939AFC3CFBEB10FF" box="[1011,1069,943,968]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="80.0">80 m</quantity>
|
||
, F. Romero
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD994DDFC23FB1B10FF" box="[1204,1245,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
(CFR), Bajo Rio Caura,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E96A70049FFD99087FC47FEF610DB" box="[238,304,980,1004]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
|
||
, 11-1985, F. Romero
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD99254FC47FDA110DB" box="[573,615,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
(CFR).
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD992B9FC47FCE010DB" bold="true" box="[720,806,980,1004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD20049FFD992B9FC47FCE610DB" box="[720,800,980,1004]" name="Peru" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">PERU</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
AMAZONAS: (MHNUSM); LORETO: Iquitos, Rio Amazonas,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E96A70049FFD99175FC64FEA01727" box="[284,358,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
|
||
, L. M. Constantino
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD99220FC6BFDAD1727" box="[585,619,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg</emphasis>
|
||
(CFC), Yurimaguas, Rio Huallaga,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E96A70049FFD99468FC64FB8F1738" box="[1025,1097,1015,1039]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="220.0">220 m</quantity>
|
||
(FC);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77A3870049FFD994FCFC64FB3E1738" box="[1173,1272,1015,1039]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">CUZCO</collectionCode>
|
||
: (MHNUSM); HUÁNUCO:(MHNUSM); LORETO: (MHNUSM);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77A3870049FFD99360FB8FFCA81703" box="[777,878,1052,1076]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">MADRE</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD20049FFD993E8FB8EFC601703" box="[897,934,1053,1076]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">DE</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77A3870049FFD993D0FB8FFC391703" box="[953,1023,1052,1076]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">DIOS</collectionCode>
|
||
: Puerto Maldonado (MHNUSM);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77A3870049FFD990FEFBACFF351760" box="[151,243,1087,1111]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">PASCO</collectionCode>
|
||
: (MHNUSM); SAN MARTIN: (MHNUSM); UCAYALI: (MHNUSM);
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD9944DFBACFB7D176F" bold="true" box="[1060,1211,1087,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD20049FFD9944DFBACFB70176F" box="[1060,1206,1087,1112]" name="Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77A3870049FFD994AAFBACFAD21760" box="[1219,1300,1087,1111]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">NAPO</collectionCode>
|
||
: Apuya, km 14, Tena-Puyo rd.,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E96A70049FFD99104FBF7FE70174B" box="[365,438,1124,1148]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
|
||
, K. Willmott
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD99226FBF7FDBF174B" box="[591,633,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77A3870049FFD992EEFBF7FD1D174B" box="[647,731,1124,1148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">KWJH</collectionCode>
|
||
). ORELLANA: nr. Coca,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E96A70049FFD99396FBF7FB8E174B" box="[1023,1096,1124,1148]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
|
||
, Keith Willmott
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD9956DFBF7FAE8174B" box="[1284,1326,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77A3870049FFD99555FBF7FA49174B" box="[1340,1423,1124,1148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">KWJH</collectionCode>
|
||
), Sacha Lodge, Rio Napo,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E96A70049FFD991DDFB14FE381797" box="[436,510,1159,1184]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
||
, Keith Willmott
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD992D5FB1BFD181797" box="[700,734,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77A3870049FFD9929FFB14FC8C17A8" box="[758,842,1159,1183]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">KWJH</collectionCode>
|
||
), Estación Cientifica Yasuní, Río Tiputini, via Auca,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E96A70049FFD990FEFB3FFF2617F3" box="[151,224,1196,1220]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
|
||
, Keith Willmott
|
||
<emphasis id="B912E7500049FFD991F5FB3FFE7817F3" box="[412,446,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leg</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77A3870049FFD991BDFB3FFDEE17F3" box="[468,552,1196,1220]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">KWJH</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |