666 lines
150 KiB
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666 lines
150 KiB
XML
<document id="8B2E67F73588E2CC976538746ED23B45" ID-CLB-Dataset="27918" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4524.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4a1c96f6-d406-4b11-8a10-3c7c415e4e47" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2610612" ID-ZooBank="22A47EBE-338A-4AAF-A63F-45EDE9727F18" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553625785170" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rosso, A., Beuck, L., Vertino, A., Sanfilippo, R. & Freiwald, A." docDate="2018" docId="03BA05253A7DFFAB5CAA7A7D719BD15B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4524.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4524 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Teresaspis lineata Rosso & Beuck & Vertino & Sanfilippo & Freiwald 2018, n. comb." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="430" masterDocId="FF837D5D3A69FFB65C3D7D257566D554" masterDocTitle="Cribrilinids (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) associated with deep-water coral habitats at the Great Bahama Bank slope (NW Atlantic), with description of new taxa" masterLastPageNumber="439" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="421" updateTime="1698714081663" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="AD93781A4137B1C39D222F4C6E965990">Cribrilinids (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) associated with deep-water coral habitats at the Great Bahama Bank slope (NW Atlantic), with description of new taxa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="545A00F5092D77D9AC098705C0C70BC5">Beuck, L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2855F111865DECE87EDF75FA2B1E5208">Vertino, A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="37E58FDA6BD70D8DECA2B525F2078B73">Sanfilippo, R.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03BA05253A7DFFAB5CAA7A7D719BD15B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5979045" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154499665" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5979045" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA05253A7DFFAB5CAA7A7D719BD15B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA05253A7DFFAB5CAA7A7D719BD15B" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="430" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
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<subSubSection id="C309E7B83A7DFFA25CAA7A7D7661D226" box="[151,775,1880,1906]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BACB4333A7DFFA25CAA7A7D7661D226" blockId="20.[151,775,1880,1939]" box="[151,775,1880,1906]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
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<heading id="D0E4035F3A7DFFA25CAA7A7D7661D226" bold="true" box="[151,775,1880,1906]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B96768213A7DFFA25CAA7A7D7661D226" bold="true" box="[151,775,1880,1906]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
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<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A7DFFA25CAA7A7D77F2D226" ID-CoL="7BRX5" authority="(Canu & Bassler, 1928)" authorityName="Rosso & Beuck & Vertino & Sanfilippo & Freiwald" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Canu & Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[151,660,1880,1906]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Teresaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="lineata" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B96768213A7DFFA25CAA7A7D740BD226" bold="true" box="[151,365,1880,1906]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Teresaspis lineata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A7DFFA25D417A7D77EAD226" author="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S." box="[380,652,1880,1906]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="1 - 199" refId="ref20621" refString="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S. (1928) Fossil and Recent Bryozoa of the Gulf of Mexico region. Proceedings of the Unites States National Museum, 72, 1 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.72 - 2710.1" type="journal article" year="1928">Canu & Bassler, 1928</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A254D55A3A7DFFA25EA17A7D7661D226" box="[668,775,1880,1906]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection id="C309E7B83A7DFFA25CAA7A5F74D6D2C7" box="[151,432,1914,1939]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BACB4333A7DFFA25CAA7A5F74D6D2C7" blockId="20.[151,775,1880,1939]" box="[151,432,1914,1939]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7DFFA25CA27A5F7446D2C7" box="[159,288,1914,1939]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 46–48" captionStart-1="FIGURES 49–54" captionStart-2="FIGURES 55–64" captionStart-3="FIGURES 65–69" captionStart-4="FIGURES 70–76" captionStart-5="FIGURES 77, 78" captionStart-6="FIGURES 79–84" captionStartId-0="21.[151,264,1305,1327]" captionStartId-1="22.[151,264,1506,1528]" captionStartId-2="24.[151,264,1697,1719]" captionStartId-3="25.[151,264,1189,1211]" captionStartId-4="26.[151,264,1764,1786]" captionStartId-5="27.[151,264,806,828]" captionStartId-6="28.[151,264,1843,1865]" captionTargetBox-0="[174,1410,254,1278]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1408,365,1491]" captionTargetBox-2="[224,1341,193,1679]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,185,1168]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,265,1742]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1436,193,784]" captionTargetBox-6="[151,1436,553,1821]" captionTargetId-0="figure@21.[174,1410,254,1278]" captionTargetId-1="figure@22.[164,1408,365,1491]" captionTargetId-2="figure@24.[224,1341,193,1679]" captionTargetId-3="figure@25.[151,1436,185,1168]" captionTargetId-4="figure@26.[151,1436,265,1742]" captionTargetId-5="figure@27.[151,1436,193,784]" captionTargetId-6="figure@28.[151,1436,553,1821]" captionTargetPageId-0="21" captionTargetPageId-1="22" captionTargetPageId-2="24" captionTargetPageId-3="25" captionTargetPageId-4="26" captionTargetPageId-5="27" captionTargetPageId-6="28" captionText-0="FIGURES 46–48. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 46. Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. 47. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a. 46, 47. Colonies with long chains of zooids with prevailing distal budding. 48. Colony showing a relatively regular budding pattern alternating zooids with cruciform, distolateral and distal budding. Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. Scale bars: 46, 48 = 5 mm; 47 = 2 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 49–54. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 49. Autozooid with wellpreserved pair of distal oral costa-like processes and lateral oral costae meeting above the orifice. Station GeoB16382-1, SMF- 45.523. 50. Lateral view of an autozooid with unbroken orificial processes. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a. 51. Distal view of autozooid with broken cylindrical distal oral costae and lateral costae arching above the orifice, Station GeoB16375-1, SMF-45.503. 52. Lateral view of two autozooids with oral costa-like processes, Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 53. Distolateral view of the orifice figured in 50 with tapering, upword directed distal oral processes. 54. Distal view of a different autozooid with compressed distal oral processes. Note the pelmatidia. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a. Scale bars: 49, 51, 52, 53 = 200 µm; 50 = 500 µm; 54 = 100 µm." captionText-2="FIGURES 55–64. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 55, 56. Ovicellate zooids with hyperstomial acleithral ovicells having pseudoporous ooecia formed by the distal autozooid; note broken oral costa-like processes and more (55) or less (56) developed caudal portions, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 57, 58. Frontal (57) and inclined (58) views of an ovicellate zooid with fully developed costal arch leaving a wider and a narrower passages to the orifice on the proximal and distal sides, respectively, Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 59, 60. Frontal (59) and lateral (60) views of the same zooid and its ooecium (seen in 57, 58) to show its relationships with the costal arch formed by lateral oral costa-like processes, Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 61. Group of closely spaced, partly regenerated autozooids belonging to converging branches, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 62–64. The only ooecium produced by a distal kenozooid, in frontal (62), lateral (63) and distofrontal (64) views to show the large passage between the ovicell and the handle-shaped oral process. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a. Scale bars: 59, 60 = 200 µm; 55–58, 61–64 = 500 µm." captionText-3="FIGURES 65–69. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 65. Zooidal orifice showing indistinct blunt condyles, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 66. Zooidal orifice closed by a secondarily calcified operculum, Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. 67, 68. 67. Regenerated zooids in frontal view; the laminar orificial arch indicates the former presence of an ovicell, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 68. Distal part of a broken autozooid subsequently regenerated as an autozooid (see the nested orificial rim) and a kenozooid. 69. Unusual budding pattern showing two distal daughter zooids originating from a possibly teratologic autozooid proximally connected to the parental one through two porechambers, Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. Scale bars: 65, 66 = 100 µm; 67, 68 = 200 µm; 69 = 500 µm." captionText-4="FIGURES 70–76. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a, except for 73 Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 70, 71. Large, costate-shielded kenozooid connecting autozooids belonging to different braches (70), and its close-up showing the shield with costae and pelmatidia (71). 72. Large costate-shielded kenozooids reparing a damaged colony portion, one (long arrowed) connecting two zooids and another (short allowed) intramurally budded within a broken zooid. 73. Large costate-shielded kenozooid terminating zooidal row. 74, 75. Small kenozooid with opesia connecting autozooids from different branches (74), and its close-up showing (75). 76. Close-up of the reparative kenozooid intramurally budded within a damaged autozooid in 72. Scale bars: 70, 73 = 500 µm; 71, 76 = 200 µm; 72, 74 = 1 mm; 75 = 100 µm." captionText-5="FIGURES 77, 78. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope, Station GeoB16367-2, SMF-45.515. 77. Ancestrula with a pair of periancestrular autozooids budded at mid-length on both lateral sides. 78. Close-up of the ancestrula resembling autozooids. Scale bars: 77 = 500 µm; 78 = 200 µm." captionText-6="FIGURES 79–84. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., holotype USNM 7828. 79. Colony portion with zooids exhibiting distal and distolateral budding. 80. Close-up of a cruciform budding. 81, 82. Ovicellate zooid with broken orificial coastal arch, ovicell hyperstomial, acleithral, pseudoporous ooecium is formed by the distal autozooid. 83. Zooid with extensive gymnocyst, pelmatidia and broken oral costa-like processes. 84. Two subsequent zooids in an uniserial chain, one (below) with pointed distal oral costa-like processes and another (above) showing lateral costa-like processes meeting to form the orificial arch (arrowed). Scale bars: 79–81, 84 = 500 µm; 82, 83 = 200 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2610630/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2610632/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/2610634/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/2610636/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/2610638/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/2610640/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/2610642/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Figs 46–84</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C69181883A7DFFA25D117A5F74ECD2C7" box="[300,394,1914,1939]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[147,223,561,581]" captionText="TABLE 1. List of the samples bearing cribrilinids collected during the Maria S. Merian 20/4 cruise at the Great Bahama Bank slope. For each station the sampling gear, the geographical and bathymetric location and some information about habitat and dominant macrofaunal elements are reported. The number of live and dead colonies found for each species is also provided. Numbers in bold indicate paratypes; numbers in bold and underlined indicate holotypes. Abbreviations: BC, box corer; d., dead; D. pertusum, Desmophyllum pertusum; GC, gravity corer; liv., live; M. oculata, Madrepora oculata; ROV, remotely operated vehicle." pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Tables 1</tableCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C69181883A7DFFA25DA57A5E74C1D2C7" box="[408,423,1915,1939]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[147,225,547,567]" captionText="TABLE 2. List of characters of the four cribrilinid species associated with deep-water corals at the Great Bahama Bank slope collected during the Maria S. Merian 20/4 cruise. For each character, observed ranges, mean plus/minus standard deviations, and number of observations (in brackets) are reported. All measurements are given in µm. Abbreviations: avic., avicularium; dim., dimension; gymn., gymnocyst; interz., interzooidal; max., maximal; NA, not applicable; NO, not observed; pedunc., pedunculate; pr., proximal; rostr., rostrum." pageId="20" pageNumber="421">2</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C309E7B83A7DFFA35CAA7AE7762DD22F" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="422" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BACB4333A7DFFA25CAA7AE77668D28C" blockId="20.[151,782,1986,2008]" box="[151,782,1986,2008]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
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<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A7DFFA25CAA7AE77716D28C" ID-CoL="ZFNM" authority="Canu & Bassler, 1928: p. 38" authorityName="Canu & Bassler" authorityPageNumber="38" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,624,1986,2008]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Cribrilina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="lineata">
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<emphasis id="B96768213A7DFFA25CAA7AE7742CD28C" box="[151,330,1986,2008]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Cribrilina lineata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A7DFFA25D6D7AE77754D28C" author="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S." box="[336,562,1986,2008]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="1 - 199" refId="ref20621" refString="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S. (1928) Fossil and Recent Bryozoa of the Gulf of Mexico region. Proceedings of the Unites States National Museum, 72, 1 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.72 - 2710.1" type="journal article" year="1928">Canu & Bassler, 1928</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 38
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 3, figs 5, 6.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BACB4333A7CFFA35CAA7DBD772CD5FA" blockId="21.[151,694,152,204]" box="[151,586,152,174]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
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<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A7CFFA35CAA7DBD7720D5FA" ID-CoL="ZFNM" authority=": Harmelin, 1978: p. 177" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityPageNumber="177" authorityYear="1978" box="[151,582,152,174]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Cribrilina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="lineata">
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<emphasis id="B96768213A7CFFA35CAA7DBD742CD5FA" box="[151,330,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Cribrilina lineata</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A7CFFA35D6A7DBD749FD5FA" author="Harmelin, J. - G." box="[343,505,152,174]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="173 - 192" refId="ref21781" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (1978) Sur quelques cribrimorphes (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) d'Atlantique orientale. Tethys, 8, 173 - 192." type="journal article" year="1978">Harmelin, 1978</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 177
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BACB4333A7CFFA35CAA7D93762DD22F" blockId="21.[151,694,152,204]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1437,1458,2023]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A7CFFA35CAA7D9377D7D598" ID-CoL="ZFNM" authority=": Winston & Maturo, 2009: p. 1155" authorityName="Winston & Maturo" authorityPageNumber="1155" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,689,182,204]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Cribrilina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A7CFFA35CAA7D93742CD598" box="[151,330,182,204]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Cribrilina lineata</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7BBE6E3A7CFFA35D6A7D9377D7D598" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028522069" box="[343,689,182,204]" collectingDate="1884-04-30" collectionCode="USNM, MSM" collectorName="Further & Great Bahama Bank Slope, R & V Maria S. Merian Cruise & Station & Five & Bahama Collection Bah. H. B" county="Caribbean Sea" elevation="704" location="Light" municipality="Albatross station" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" specimenCode="USNM 7828, MSM20" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="La Habana" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A7CFFA35D6A7D93773CD598" author="Winston, J. E. & Maturo, F. J." box="[343,602,182,204]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" pagination="1147 - 1164" refId="ref26140" refString="Winston, J. E. & Maturo, F. J. (2009) Bryozoans (Ectoprocta) of the Gulf of Mexico. In: Felder, D. L. & Camp, D. K. (Eds), Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota. Vol. 1. Biodiversity. Texas A & M Press, College Station, Texas, pp. 1147 - 1164." type="book chapter" year="2009">Winston & Maturo, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: p. 1155
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A7CFFA35CAA789774E2D09F" bold="true" box="[151,388,1458,1483]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A80A913A7CFFA35DB378977493D09F" box="[398,501,1458,1483]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A7CFFA35DB378977493D09F" box="[398,501,1458,1483]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB51C483A7CFFA35E35789677F9D09F" box="[520,671,1459,1483]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="Museum">USNM 7828</specimenCode>
|
||
. A colony including ovicellate zooids and kenozooids, encrusting corals,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62CDCCBF3A7CFFA35CD478F374F6D0BB" box="[233,400,1494,1519]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Caribbean Sea</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE96B1B3A7CFFA35DA078F2777BD0BB" box="[413,541,1495,1519]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" value="1884-04-30">
|
||
<date id="FFAD92F33A7CFFA35DA078F2777BD0BB" box="[413,541,1495,1519]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" value="1884-04-30">30.04.1884</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC82E493A7CFFA35E1778F3778FD0BB" box="[554,745,1494,1519]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Albatross station</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
D 2152, 2.5 miles northwest of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D77AD13A7CFFA3586178F371D4D0BB" box="[1116,1202,1494,1519]" country="Cuba" name="La Habana" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Habana</collectingRegion>
|
||
<location id="8ECCE2E83A7CFFA3588778F3719FD0BB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA05253A7DFFAB5CAA7A7D719BD15B:8ECCE2E83A7CFFA3588778F3719FD0BB" box="[1210,1273,1494,1519]" county="Caribbean Sea" municipality="Albatross station" name="Light" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" stateProvince="La Habana">Light</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="003E53003A7CFFA3593B78F27029D0BA" box="[1286,1359,1495,1519]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.04" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" unit="m" value="704.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB19D63A7CFFA3593B78F27029D0BA" box="[1286,1359,1495,1519]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.04" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" unit="m" value="704.0">704 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
depth.
|
||
<collectorName id="26E6D1E53A7CFFA35CAA78DF758CD347" box="[151,234,1530,1555]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Further</collectorName>
|
||
material:
|
||
<collectorName id="26E6D1E53A7CFFA35D6378DE77C8D347" box="[350,686,1530,1555]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Great Bahama Bank Slope, R</collectorName>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectorName id="26E6D1E53A7CFFA35E8B78DE76B9D347" box="[694,991,1530,1555]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">V Maria S. Merian Cruise</collectorName>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB51C483A7CFFA35FD578DE712ED347" box="[1000,1096,1531,1555]" collectionCode="MSM" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z37t-cwh9" name="Marine Science Museum, Tokai Univ." pageId="21" pageNumber="422">MSM20</specimenCode>
|
||
/4.
|
||
<collectorName id="26E6D1E53A7CFFA3585778DF71DFD347" box="[1130,1209,1530,1555]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Station</collectorName>
|
||
GeoB16367-2 (two live and seven dead colonies on coral fragments, except one on barnacle)—SMF-45.515;
|
||
<collectorName id="26E6D1E53A7CFFA358987B3B7192D363" box="[1189,1268,1566,1591]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Station</collectorName>
|
||
GeoB16368-1 (four dead colonies on corals, except one on brachiopod shell)—SMF-45.516;
|
||
<collectorName id="26E6D1E53A7CFFA358227B677108D30F" box="[1055,1134,1602,1627]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Station</collectorName>
|
||
GeoB16373-2 (one living and one dead colony on corals)—SMF-45.517;
|
||
<collectorName id="26E6D1E53A7CFFA35E807B43766AD32B" box="[701,780,1638,1663]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Station</collectorName>
|
||
GeoB16375-1 (two dead colonies on coral fragments)— SMF-45.518;
|
||
<collectorName id="26E6D1E53A7CFFA35D077BAF74EFD3F7" box="[314,393,1674,1699]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Station</collectorName>
|
||
GeoB16376-1 (six dead colonies on corals, except one on erect bryozoan and one on foraminiferan test)—SMF-45.519;
|
||
<collectorName id="26E6D1E53A7CFFA35E137B8B771BD393" box="[558,637,1710,1735]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Station</collectorName>
|
||
GeoB16377-1 (two live and two dead colonies on corals)—SMF- 45.520;
|
||
<collectorName id="26E6D1E53A7CFFA35CC87BF77422D3BF" box="[245,324,1746,1771]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Station</collectorName>
|
||
GeoB16378-1 (one dead colony on a coral fragment)—SMF-45.521;
|
||
<collectorName id="26E6D1E53A7CFFA358577BF771DFD3BF" box="[1130,1209,1746,1771]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Station</collectorName>
|
||
GeoB16381-4 (one dead colony on a coral)—SMF-45.522;
|
||
<collectorName id="26E6D1E53A7CFFA35E697BD377C5D25B" box="[596,675,1782,1807]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Station</collectorName>
|
||
GeoB16382-1 (12 living and 22 dead colonies on corals, except one on a stylasterid hydrozoan and one
|
||
<collectedFrom id="380FF7CE3A7CFFA35E087A3E779AD267" box="[565,764,1818,1843]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A7CFFA35E667A3F779AD267" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1858" box="[603,764,1818,1843]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Aphrocallistidae" genus="Aphrocallistes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A7CFFA35E667A3F779AD267" box="[603,764,1818,1843]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Aphrocallistes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
sponge)—SMF-45.523.
|
||
<collectorName id="26E6D1E53A7CFFA358247A3F712DD267" box="[1049,1099,1818,1843]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Five</collectorName>
|
||
specimens, one from
|
||
<collectorName id="26E6D1E53A7CFFA359707A3F70FAD267" box="[1357,1436,1818,1843]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Station</collectorName>
|
||
GeoB16375-1, one from
|
||
<collectorName id="26E6D1E53A7CFFA35DE97A1B7745D203" box="[468,547,1854,1879]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Station</collectorName>
|
||
GeoB16377-1, two from
|
||
<collectorName id="26E6D1E53A7CFFA35F497A1B76A5D203" box="[884,963,1854,1879]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Station</collectorName>
|
||
GeoB16382-1, and one from
|
||
<collectorName id="26E6D1E53A7CFFA359707A1B70FAD203" box="[1357,1436,1854,1879]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Station</collectorName>
|
||
GeoB16388-3: PMC-Rosso
|
||
<collectorName id="26E6D1E53A7CFFA35DE97A47767AD22F" box="[468,796,1890,1915]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Bahama Collection Bah.H. B</collectorName>
|
||
43a.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF6CE4BB3A7CFFA35CAA783C702FD0DE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610630/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" startId="21.[151,264,1305,1327]" targetBox="[174,1410,254,1278]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BACB4333A7CFFA35CAA783C702FD0DE" blockId="21.[151,1436,1305,1418]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A7CFFA35CAA783C7432D07B" bold="true" box="[151,340,1305,1327]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">FIGURES 46–48.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A7CFFA35D66783F766FD07B" authority="(Canu & Bassler, 1928)" authorityName="Rosso & Beuck & Vertino & Sanfilippo & Freiwald" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Canu & Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[347,777,1305,1327]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Teresaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="lineata" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A7CFFA35D66783F7777D07B" box="[347,529,1305,1327]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Teresaspis lineata</emphasis>
|
||
(Canu & Bassler, 1928)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A254D55A3A7CFFA35F2D783C760BD07B" box="[784,877,1305,1327]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A7CFFA35F2D783C760BD07B" bold="true" box="[784,877,1305,1327]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">n. comb.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, Great Bahama Bank slope. 46. Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. 47. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a. 46, 47. Colonies with long chains of zooids with prevailing distal budding. 48. Colony showing a relatively regular budding pattern alternating zooids with cruciform, distolateral and distal budding. Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. Scale bars: 46, 48 = 5 mm; 47 = 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C309E7B83A7CFFA15CFA7AA3712ED3CC" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="424" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BACB4333A7CFFA05CFA7AA377DDD414" blockId="21.[151,1437,1458,2023]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="423" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A7CFFA35CFA7AA37437D2CB" bold="true" box="[199,337,1926,1951]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Colony encrusting, uniserial, branching, often extensively spreading on the whole surface of large coral fragments, forming irregular networks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7CFFA35EE87A8F763ED297" box="[725,856,1962,1987]" captionStart="FIGURES 46–48" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1305,1327]" captionTargetBox="[174,1410,254,1278]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[174,1410,254,1278]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 46–48. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 46. Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. 47. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a. 46, 47. Colonies with long chains of zooids with prevailing distal budding. 48. Colony showing a relatively regular budding pattern alternating zooids with cruciform, distolateral and distal budding. Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. Scale bars: 46, 48 = 5 mm; 47 = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610630/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Figs 46–48</figureCitation>
|
||
), occasionally producing junctions of branches that could superimpose each other. Budding usually distal, giving rise to linear rows of variable length formed by chains of one to few and up to a dozen autozooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7FFFA05EEE7DB27633D5E4" box="[723,853,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 46–48" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1305,1327]" captionTargetBox="[174,1410,254,1278]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[174,1410,254,1278]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 46–48. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 46. Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. 47. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a. 46, 47. Colonies with long chains of zooids with prevailing distal budding. 48. Colony showing a relatively regular budding pattern alternating zooids with cruciform, distolateral and distal budding. Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. Scale bars: 46, 48 = 5 mm; 47 = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610630/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Figs 46, 47</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rows usually straight or only gently curving. New branches borne from distolateral buds usually unilateral but sometimes formed symmetrically on both sides, at high angles to the parental zooid, in an almost cross-like pattern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7FFFA05F567DFA76A2D5AC" box="[875,964,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 46–48" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1305,1327]" captionTargetBox="[174,1410,254,1278]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[174,1410,254,1278]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 46–48. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 46. Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. 47. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a. 46, 47. Colonies with long chains of zooids with prevailing distal budding. 48. Colony showing a relatively regular budding pattern alternating zooids with cruciform, distolateral and distal budding. Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. Scale bars: 46, 48 = 5 mm; 47 = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610630/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
|
||
). Additional, usually unpaired, branches occasionally formed proximolaterally. In a single occasion twin zooids were budded distally from the parental one (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7FFFA05CA27C027595D414" box="[159,243,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 65–69" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1189,1211]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1168]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,185,1168]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 65–69. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 65. Zooidal orifice showing indistinct blunt condyles, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 66. Zooidal orifice closed by a secondarily calcified operculum, Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. 67, 68. 67. Regenerated zooids in frontal view; the laminar orificial arch indicates the former presence of an ovicell, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 68. Distal part of a broken autozooid subsequently regenerated as an autozooid (see the nested orificial rim) and a kenozooid. 69. Unusual budding pattern showing two distal daughter zooids originating from a possibly teratologic autozooid proximally connected to the parental one through two porechambers, Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. Scale bars: 65, 66 = 100 µm; 67, 68 = 200 µm; 69 = 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610636/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Fig. 69</figureCitation>
|
||
), nearly parallel and abutting each other.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6CE4BB3A7FFFA05CAA78C770F5D39B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610632/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" startId="22.[151,264,1506,1528]" targetBox="[164,1408,365,1491]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BACB4333A7FFFA05CAA78C770F5D39B" blockId="22.[151,1436,1506,1743]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A7FFFA05CAA78C77433D0AC" bold="true" box="[151,341,1506,1528]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">FIGURES 49–54.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A7FFFA05D6178C6766BD0AC" authority="(Canu & Bassler, 1928)" authorityName="Rosso & Beuck & Vertino & Sanfilippo & Freiwald" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Canu & Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[348,781,1506,1528]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Teresaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="lineata" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A7FFFA05D6178C67774D0AC" box="[348,530,1506,1528]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Teresaspis lineata</emphasis>
|
||
(Canu & Bassler, 1928)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A254D55A3A7FFFA05F2978C77614D0AC" box="[788,882,1506,1528]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A7FFFA05F2978C77614D0AC" bold="true" box="[788,882,1506,1528]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">n. comb.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, Great Bahama Bank slope. 49. Autozooid with wellpreserved pair of distal oral costa-like processes and lateral oral costae meeting above the orifice. Station GeoB16382-1, SMF- 45.523. 50. Lateral view of an autozooid with unbroken orificial processes. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a. 51. Distal view of autozooid with broken cylindrical distal oral costae and lateral costae arching above the orifice, Station GeoB16375-1, SMF-45.503. 52. Lateral view of two autozooids with oral costa-like processes, Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 53. Distolateral view of the orifice figured in 50 with tapering, upword directed distal oral processes. 54. Distal view of a different autozooid with compressed distal oral processes. Note the pelmatidia. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a. Scale bars: 49, 51, 52, 53 = 200 µm; 50 = 500 µm; 54 = 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BACB4333A7FFFA15CFA7BDE701BD69C" blockId="22.[151,1436,1787,2028]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="424" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
|
||
Zooids large (well-distinguished with the naked eye), club-shaped, with a short, proximal caudal portion and a longer, almost parallel-sided, dilated distal portion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7FFFA05EE27A3A7605D26C" box="[735,867,1823,1848]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–54" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1506,1528]" captionTargetBox="[164,1408,365,1491]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[164,1408,365,1491]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 49–54. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 49. Autozooid with wellpreserved pair of distal oral costa-like processes and lateral oral costae meeting above the orifice. Station GeoB16382-1, SMF- 45.523. 50. Lateral view of an autozooid with unbroken orificial processes. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a. 51. Distal view of autozooid with broken cylindrical distal oral costae and lateral costae arching above the orifice, Station GeoB16375-1, SMF-45.503. 52. Lateral view of two autozooids with oral costa-like processes, Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 53. Distolateral view of the orifice figured in 50 with tapering, upword directed distal oral processes. 54. Distal view of a different autozooid with compressed distal oral processes. Note the pelmatidia. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a. Scale bars: 49, 51, 52, 53 = 200 µm; 50 = 500 µm; 54 = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610632/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Figs 49, 50</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7FFFA05F527A3A76DED26C" box="[879,952,1823,1848]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–64" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1697,1719]" captionTargetBox="[224,1341,193,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[224,1341,193,1679]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 55–64. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 55, 56. Ovicellate zooids with hyperstomial acleithral ovicells having pseudoporous ooecia formed by the distal autozooid; note broken oral costa-like processes and more (55) or less (56) developed caudal portions, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 57, 58. Frontal (57) and inclined (58) views of an ovicellate zooid with fully developed costal arch leaving a wider and a narrower passages to the orifice on the proximal and distal sides, respectively, Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 59, 60. Frontal (59) and lateral (60) views of the same zooid and its ooecium (seen in 57, 58) to show its relationships with the costal arch formed by lateral oral costa-like processes, Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 61. Group of closely spaced, partly regenerated autozooids belonging to converging branches, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 62–64. The only ooecium produced by a distal kenozooid, in frontal (62), lateral (63) and distofrontal (64) views to show the large passage between the ovicell and the handle-shaped oral process. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a. Scale bars: 59, 60 = 200 µm; 55–58, 61–64 = 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610634/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">55–58</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7FFFA05FFE7A3A7684D26C" box="[963,994,1823,1848]" captionStart="FIGURES 65–69" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1189,1211]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1168]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,185,1168]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 65–69. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 65. Zooidal orifice showing indistinct blunt condyles, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 66. Zooidal orifice closed by a secondarily calcified operculum, Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. 67, 68. 67. Regenerated zooids in frontal view; the laminar orificial arch indicates the former presence of an ovicell, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 68. Distal part of a broken autozooid subsequently regenerated as an autozooid (see the nested orificial rim) and a kenozooid. 69. Unusual budding pattern showing two distal daughter zooids originating from a possibly teratologic autozooid proximally connected to the parental one through two porechambers, Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. Scale bars: 65, 66 = 100 µm; 67, 68 = 200 µm; 69 = 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610636/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">67</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7FFFA05FD37A05715ED26C" box="[1006,1080,1824,1848]" captionStart="FIGURES 70–76" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1764,1786]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,265,1742]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 70–76. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a, except for 73 Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 70, 71. Large, costate-shielded kenozooid connecting autozooids belonging to different braches (70), and its close-up showing the shield with costae and pelmatidia (71). 72. Large costate-shielded kenozooids reparing a damaged colony portion, one (long arrowed) connecting two zooids and another (short allowed) intramurally budded within a broken zooid. 73. Large costate-shielded kenozooid terminating zooidal row. 74, 75. Small kenozooid with opesia connecting autozooids from different branches (74), and its close-up showing (75). 76. Close-up of the reparative kenozooid intramurally budded within a damaged autozooid in 72. Scale bars: 70, 73 = 500 µm; 71, 76 = 200 µm; 72, 74 = 1 mm; 75 = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610638/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">72, 74</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7FFFA058797A0571E9D26C" box="[1092,1167,1824,1848]" captionStart="FIGURES 79–84" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1843,1865]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,553,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,553,1821]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 79–84. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., holotype USNM 7828. 79. Colony portion with zooids exhibiting distal and distolateral budding. 80. Close-up of a cruciform budding. 81, 82. Ovicellate zooid with broken orificial coastal arch, ovicell hyperstomial, acleithral, pseudoporous ooecium is formed by the distal autozooid. 83. Zooid with extensive gymnocyst, pelmatidia and broken oral costa-like processes. 84. Two subsequent zooids in an uniserial chain, one (below) with pointed distal oral costa-like processes and another (above) showing lateral costa-like processes meeting to form the orificial arch (arrowed). Scale bars: 79–81, 84 = 500 µm; 82, 83 = 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610642/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">79–84</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gymnocyst extensive, forming caudal portions; the lateral zooidal walls covering more than one-third of the frontal surface, slightly narrowing only around the orifice, but sometimes wide even distally. Interzooidal communication through a single, distal, basal pore-chamber with a tiny central window and two distolateral ones on each side at the level of the orifice, and 1–2 additional proximolateral dietellae, all visible by corresponding small round pore windows in the gymnocyst. Frontal shield elongated ovoidal, gently arching in continuity with the gymnocyst, formed by 14–19 (usually 16–17) large (60–90 µm wide) costae, parallel sided except for the more proximal ones that are wedgeshaped. Adjacent costae widely separated from each other, with a single large (30–50 µm) connecting bridge on both sides, close to zooidal midline, where further, usually very irregular connections occur between roughly fanshaped ends of costae meeting in an alternating pattern from the opposite sides and producing a somewhat zigzag suture, usually leaving two further small intercostal spaces. The resulting shield shows a regular peripheral row of intercostal spaces, about 70–100 µm long by 15–20 µm wide, and a median set of very small triangular to rounded lacunae, often absent between some costae, especially the proximal ones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7EFFA15FE67C4A7156D4DC" box="[987,1072,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 65–69" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1189,1211]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1168]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,185,1168]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 65–69. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 65. Zooidal orifice showing indistinct blunt condyles, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 66. Zooidal orifice closed by a secondarily calcified operculum, Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. 67, 68. 67. Regenerated zooids in frontal view; the laminar orificial arch indicates the former presence of an ovicell, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 68. Distal part of a broken autozooid subsequently regenerated as an autozooid (see the nested orificial rim) and a kenozooid. 69. Unusual budding pattern showing two distal daughter zooids originating from a possibly teratologic autozooid proximally connected to the parental one through two porechambers, Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. Scale bars: 65, 66 = 100 µm; 67, 68 = 200 µm; 69 = 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610636/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each costa gently curving, flat and smooth, without any differentiation between basal and subsequent portion, bearing one large pelmatidium on its base (the proximal ones in a very proximal position), and a second slightly smaller one close to the fusion area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7EFFA15CA27CF97446D4A1" box="[159,288,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–54" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1506,1528]" captionTargetBox="[164,1408,365,1491]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[164,1408,365,1491]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 49–54. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 49. Autozooid with wellpreserved pair of distal oral costa-like processes and lateral oral costae meeting above the orifice. Station GeoB16382-1, SMF- 45.523. 50. Lateral view of an autozooid with unbroken orificial processes. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a. 51. Distal view of autozooid with broken cylindrical distal oral costae and lateral costae arching above the orifice, Station GeoB16375-1, SMF-45.503. 52. Lateral view of two autozooids with oral costa-like processes, Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 53. Distolateral view of the orifice figured in 50 with tapering, upword directed distal oral processes. 54. Distal view of a different autozooid with compressed distal oral processes. Note the pelmatidia. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a. Scale bars: 49, 51, 52, 53 = 200 µm; 50 = 500 µm; 54 = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610632/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Figs 49, 53</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7EFFA15D117CF97413D4A1" box="[300,373,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 65–69" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1189,1211]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1168]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,185,1168]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 65–69. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 65. Zooidal orifice showing indistinct blunt condyles, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 66. Zooidal orifice closed by a secondarily calcified operculum, Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. 67, 68. 67. Regenerated zooids in frontal view; the laminar orificial arch indicates the former presence of an ovicell, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 68. Distal part of a broken autozooid subsequently regenerated as an autozooid (see the nested orificial rim) and a kenozooid. 69. Unusual budding pattern showing two distal daughter zooids originating from a possibly teratologic autozooid proximally connected to the parental one through two porechambers, Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. Scale bars: 65, 66 = 100 µm; 67, 68 = 200 µm; 69 = 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610636/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">66, 67</figureCitation>
|
||
). Occasionally, additional pelmatidia on some costae, more often on the first suboral pair (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7EFFA159527CF975D1D74C" captionStart="FIGURES 65–69" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1189,1211]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1168]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,185,1168]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 65–69. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 65. Zooidal orifice showing indistinct blunt condyles, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 66. Zooidal orifice closed by a secondarily calcified operculum, Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. 67, 68. 67. Regenerated zooids in frontal view; the laminar orificial arch indicates the former presence of an ovicell, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 68. Distal part of a broken autozooid subsequently regenerated as an autozooid (see the nested orificial rim) and a kenozooid. 69. Unusual budding pattern showing two distal daughter zooids originating from a possibly teratologic autozooid proximally connected to the parental one through two porechambers, Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. Scale bars: 65, 66 = 100 µm; 67, 68 = 200 µm; 69 = 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610636/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pelmatidia ovoidal to irregularly shaped, infundibular, showing an internal ring of calcification. Suture lines between pelmatidia visible at high magnification on each costa. Orifice of non-ovicellate autozooids subrectangular, with blunt corners, a straight to gently concave proximal border, a slightly arched distal border and barely developed lateral constrictions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7EFFA15E777F4977FBD7D1" box="[586,669,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 65–69" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1189,1211]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1168]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,185,1168]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 65–69. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 65. Zooidal orifice showing indistinct blunt condyles, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 66. Zooidal orifice closed by a secondarily calcified operculum, Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. 67, 68. 67. Regenerated zooids in frontal view; the laminar orificial arch indicates the former presence of an ovicell, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 68. Distal part of a broken autozooid subsequently regenerated as an autozooid (see the nested orificial rim) and a kenozooid. 69. Unusual budding pattern showing two distal daughter zooids originating from a possibly teratologic autozooid proximally connected to the parental one through two porechambers, Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. Scale bars: 65, 66 = 100 µm; 67, 68 = 200 µm; 69 = 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610636/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Fig. 65</figureCitation>
|
||
). Four robust, erect oral processes in non-ovicellate zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7EFFA1597D7F49746AD7FC" captionStart="FIGURES 49–54" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1506,1528]" captionTargetBox="[164,1408,365,1491]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[164,1408,365,1491]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 49–54. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 49. Autozooid with wellpreserved pair of distal oral costa-like processes and lateral oral costae meeting above the orifice. Station GeoB16382-1, SMF- 45.523. 50. Lateral view of an autozooid with unbroken orificial processes. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a. 51. Distal view of autozooid with broken cylindrical distal oral costae and lateral costae arching above the orifice, Station GeoB16375-1, SMF-45.503. 52. Lateral view of two autozooids with oral costa-like processes, Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 53. Distolateral view of the orifice figured in 50 with tapering, upword directed distal oral processes. 54. Distal view of a different autozooid with compressed distal oral processes. Note the pelmatidia. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a. Scale bars: 49, 51, 52, 53 = 200 µm; 50 = 500 µm; 54 = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610632/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Figs 49, 50, 52–54</figureCitation>
|
||
), reduced to two in the ovicellate ones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7EFFA15EEC7FAA7630D7FC" box="[721,854,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–64" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1697,1719]" captionTargetBox="[224,1341,193,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[224,1341,193,1679]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 55–64. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 55, 56. Ovicellate zooids with hyperstomial acleithral ovicells having pseudoporous ooecia formed by the distal autozooid; note broken oral costa-like processes and more (55) or less (56) developed caudal portions, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 57, 58. Frontal (57) and inclined (58) views of an ovicellate zooid with fully developed costal arch leaving a wider and a narrower passages to the orifice on the proximal and distal sides, respectively, Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 59, 60. Frontal (59) and lateral (60) views of the same zooid and its ooecium (seen in 57, 58) to show its relationships with the costal arch formed by lateral oral costa-like processes, Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 61. Group of closely spaced, partly regenerated autozooids belonging to converging branches, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 62–64. The only ooecium produced by a distal kenozooid, in frontal (62), lateral (63) and distofrontal (64) views to show the large passage between the ovicell and the handle-shaped oral process. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a. Scale bars: 59, 60 = 200 µm; 55–58, 61–64 = 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610634/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Figs 55, 56</figureCitation>
|
||
); each process bearing a pelmatidium near the base and a second one near the tip, more or less flattened and non-articulated, revealing to be upward-directed costae consisting of
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A7EFFA15D0D7FFC7424D7A4" box="[304,322,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">c.</emphasis>
|
||
20 µm thick walls surrounding internal cavities of less than 10 µm in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7EFFA158EA7FF2703AD7A4" box="[1239,1372,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 65–69" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1189,1211]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1168]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,185,1168]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 65–69. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 65. Zooidal orifice showing indistinct blunt condyles, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 66. Zooidal orifice closed by a secondarily calcified operculum, Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. 67, 68. 67. Regenerated zooids in frontal view; the laminar orificial arch indicates the former presence of an ovicell, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 68. Distal part of a broken autozooid subsequently regenerated as an autozooid (see the nested orificial rim) and a kenozooid. 69. Unusual budding pattern showing two distal daughter zooids originating from a possibly teratologic autozooid proximally connected to the parental one through two porechambers, Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. Scale bars: 65, 66 = 100 µm; 67, 68 = 200 µm; 69 = 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610636/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Figs 65, 66</figureCitation>
|
||
). The two distal processes are straight and slightly tapering upwards, sometimes compressed. Lateral processes levelled with distal corners of the orifice, long and with three pelmatidia, overarching above the orifice to eventually fuse along midline to form a handle-like structure some distance above it, slightly tilted proximally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7EFFA158EE7E617030D609" box="[1235,1366,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 49–54" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1506,1528]" captionTargetBox="[164,1408,365,1491]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[164,1408,365,1491]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 49–54. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 49. Autozooid with wellpreserved pair of distal oral costa-like processes and lateral oral costae meeting above the orifice. Station GeoB16382-1, SMF- 45.523. 50. Lateral view of an autozooid with unbroken orificial processes. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a. 51. Distal view of autozooid with broken cylindrical distal oral costae and lateral costae arching above the orifice, Station GeoB16375-1, SMF-45.503. 52. Lateral view of two autozooids with oral costa-like processes, Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 53. Distolateral view of the orifice figured in 50 with tapering, upword directed distal oral processes. 54. Distal view of a different autozooid with compressed distal oral processes. Note the pelmatidia. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a. Scale bars: 49, 51, 52, 53 = 200 µm; 50 = 500 µm; 54 = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610632/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Figs 49–54</figureCitation>
|
||
). This arched oral structure becomes much wider (up to about 200 µm) in ovicellate zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7EFFA158437E42703BD6D4" box="[1150,1373,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–64" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1697,1719]" captionTargetBox="[224,1341,193,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[224,1341,193,1679]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 55–64. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 55, 56. Ovicellate zooids with hyperstomial acleithral ovicells having pseudoporous ooecia formed by the distal autozooid; note broken oral costa-like processes and more (55) or less (56) developed caudal portions, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 57, 58. Frontal (57) and inclined (58) views of an ovicellate zooid with fully developed costal arch leaving a wider and a narrower passages to the orifice on the proximal and distal sides, respectively, Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 59, 60. Frontal (59) and lateral (60) views of the same zooid and its ooecium (seen in 57, 58) to show its relationships with the costal arch formed by lateral oral costa-like processes, Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 61. Group of closely spaced, partly regenerated autozooids belonging to converging branches, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 62–64. The only ooecium produced by a distal kenozooid, in frontal (62), lateral (63) and distofrontal (64) views to show the large passage between the ovicell and the handle-shaped oral process. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a. Scale bars: 59, 60 = 200 µm; 55–58, 61–64 = 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610634/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Figs 57–60, 62, 63</figureCitation>
|
||
), and forms a proximally inclined hanging roof above the orifice and the proximal part of the ooecium, leaving uncovered a larger subquadrangular proximal passage and a narrower semi-circular distal one above the ovicell.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BACB4333A7EFFA15CFA7EF17678D1BC" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">
|
||
Ovicells hyperstomial, acleithral. Ooecium formed by the distal autozooid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7EFFA158127EF171D5D6B9" box="[1071,1203,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–64" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1697,1719]" captionTargetBox="[224,1341,193,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[224,1341,193,1679]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 55–64. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 55, 56. Ovicellate zooids with hyperstomial acleithral ovicells having pseudoporous ooecia formed by the distal autozooid; note broken oral costa-like processes and more (55) or less (56) developed caudal portions, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 57, 58. Frontal (57) and inclined (58) views of an ovicellate zooid with fully developed costal arch leaving a wider and a narrower passages to the orifice on the proximal and distal sides, respectively, Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 59, 60. Frontal (59) and lateral (60) views of the same zooid and its ooecium (seen in 57, 58) to show its relationships with the costal arch formed by lateral oral costa-like processes, Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 61. Group of closely spaced, partly regenerated autozooids belonging to converging branches, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 62–64. The only ooecium produced by a distal kenozooid, in frontal (62), lateral (63) and distofrontal (64) views to show the large passage between the ovicell and the handle-shaped oral process. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a. Scale bars: 59, 60 = 200 µm; 55–58, 61–64 = 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610634/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Figs 55–60</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7EFFA158FF7EF17186D6B8" box="[1218,1248,980,1004]" captionStart="FIGURES 70–76" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1764,1786]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,265,1742]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 70–76. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a, except for 73 Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 70, 71. Large, costate-shielded kenozooid connecting autozooids belonging to different braches (70), and its close-up showing the shield with costae and pelmatidia (71). 72. Large costate-shielded kenozooids reparing a damaged colony portion, one (long arrowed) connecting two zooids and another (short allowed) intramurally budded within a broken zooid. 73. Large costate-shielded kenozooid terminating zooidal row. 74, 75. Small kenozooid with opesia connecting autozooids from different branches (74), and its close-up showing (75). 76. Close-up of the reparative kenozooid intramurally budded within a damaged autozooid in 72. Scale bars: 70, 73 = 500 µm; 71, 76 = 200 µm; 72, 74 = 1 mm; 75 = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610638/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">70</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7EFFA158D37EF1705FD6B8" box="[1262,1337,980,1004]" captionStart="FIGURES 79–84" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1843,1865]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,553,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,553,1821]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 79–84. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., holotype USNM 7828. 79. Colony portion with zooids exhibiting distal and distolateral budding. 80. Close-up of a cruciform budding. 81, 82. Ovicellate zooid with broken orificial coastal arch, ovicell hyperstomial, acleithral, pseudoporous ooecium is formed by the distal autozooid. 83. Zooid with extensive gymnocyst, pelmatidia and broken oral costa-like processes. 84. Two subsequent zooids in an uniserial chain, one (below) with pointed distal oral costa-like processes and another (above) showing lateral costa-like processes meeting to form the orificial arch (arrowed). Scale bars: 79–81, 84 = 500 µm; 82, 83 = 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610642/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">81, 82</figureCitation>
|
||
) [
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A80A913A7EFFA1596C7EF070E2D6B9" box="[1361,1412,981,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">type</typeStatus>
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1
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A7EFFA15CAA7EDC75B3D144" box="[151,213,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">sensu</emphasis>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A7EFFA15CE07ED274FAD144" author="Ostrovsky, A. N." box="[221,412,1015,1040]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" pagination="287 - 318" refId="ref24286" refString="Ostrovsky, A. N. (1998) Comparative studies of ovicell anatomy and reproductive patterns in Cribrilina annulata and Celleporella hyalina (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida). Acta Zoologica, 79 (4), 287 - 318. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6395.1998. tb 01280. x" type="journal article" year="1998">Ostrovsky (1998</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A7EFFA15D947EDD7485D144" author="Ostrovsky, A. N." box="[425,483,1016,1040]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" pagination="195 - 204" refId="ref24415" refString="Ostrovsky, A. N. (2008) Brood chambers in cheilostome Bryozoa: diversity and revised terminology. In: Bryozoan Studies 2007. Proceedings of the 14 th International Bryozoology Association Conference, Boone, North Carolina. In: Hageman, S. J., Key, M. M. & Winston, J. E. (Eds), Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication, 15, pp. 195 - 204." type="journal article" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A7EFFA15DCD7EDD774CD144" author="Ostrovsky, A. N." box="[496,554,1016,1040]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" refId="ref24498" refString="Ostrovsky, A. N. (2013) Evolution of Sexual Reproduction in Marine Invertebrates: Example of gymnolaemate bryozoans. Springer Science & Business Media Dordrecht, 356 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 7146 - 8 _ 2" type="book" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A80A913A7EFFA15E577EDD77FCD144" box="[618,666,1016,1040]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">type</typeStatus>
|
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A
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A7EFFA15E827EDC779BD144" box="[703,765,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A7EFFA15F3B7ED2712DD144" author="Bishop, J. D. D. & Househam, B. C." box="[774,1099,1015,1040]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref20147" refString="Bishop, J. D. D. & Househam, B. C. (1987) Puellina (Bryozoa; Cheilostomatida; Cribrilinidae) from British and adjacent waters. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 53, 1 - 63." type="journal article" year="1987">Bishop & Househam (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
], but occasionally (one single observation) by a distal kenozooid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7EFFA15E08793977DED161" box="[565,696,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–64" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1697,1719]" captionTargetBox="[224,1341,193,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[224,1341,193,1679]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 55–64. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 55, 56. Ovicellate zooids with hyperstomial acleithral ovicells having pseudoporous ooecia formed by the distal autozooid; note broken oral costa-like processes and more (55) or less (56) developed caudal portions, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 57, 58. Frontal (57) and inclined (58) views of an ovicellate zooid with fully developed costal arch leaving a wider and a narrower passages to the orifice on the proximal and distal sides, respectively, Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 59, 60. Frontal (59) and lateral (60) views of the same zooid and its ooecium (seen in 57, 58) to show its relationships with the costal arch formed by lateral oral costa-like processes, Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 61. Group of closely spaced, partly regenerated autozooids belonging to converging branches, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 62–64. The only ooecium produced by a distal kenozooid, in frontal (62), lateral (63) and distofrontal (64) views to show the large passage between the ovicell and the handle-shaped oral process. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a. Scale bars: 59, 60 = 200 µm; 55–58, 61–64 = 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610634/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Figs 62–64</figureCitation>
|
||
) [
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A80A913A7EFFA15EED79387665D161" box="[720,771,1053,1077]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">type</typeStatus>
|
||
1
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A7EFFA15F1979387605D160" box="[804,867,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A7EFFA15F517939714AD160" author="Ostrovsky, A. N." box="[876,1068,1052,1077]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" pagination="287 - 318" refId="ref24286" refString="Ostrovsky, A. N. (1998) Comparative studies of ovicell anatomy and reproductive patterns in Cribrilina annulata and Celleporella hyalina (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida). Acta Zoologica, 79 (4), 287 - 318. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6395.1998. tb 01280. x" type="journal article" year="1998">Ostrovsky (1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A7EFFA1580679397110D160" author="Ostrovsky, A. N." box="[1083,1142,1052,1076]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" pagination="195 - 204" refId="ref24415" refString="Ostrovsky, A. N. (2008) Brood chambers in cheilostome Bryozoa: diversity and revised terminology. In: Bryozoan Studies 2007. Proceedings of the 14 th International Bryozoology Association Conference, Boone, North Carolina. In: Hageman, S. J., Key, M. M. & Winston, J. E. (Eds), Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication, 15, pp. 195 - 204." type="journal article" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A7EFFA158BE793971D9D160" author="Ostrovsky, A. N." box="[1155,1215,1052,1076]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" refId="ref24498" refString="Ostrovsky, A. N. (2013) Evolution of Sexual Reproduction in Marine Invertebrates: Example of gymnolaemate bryozoans. Springer Science & Business Media Dordrecht, 356 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 7146 - 8 _ 2" type="book" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A80A913A7EFFA1593A79387051D161" box="[1287,1335,1053,1077]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">type</typeStatus>
|
||
B
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A7EFFA15963793870FAD160" box="[1374,1436,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A7EFFA15CAA791A74B8D10C" author="Bishop, J. D. D. & Househam, B. C." box="[151,478,1087,1112]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref20147" refString="Bishop, J. D. D. & Househam, B. C. (1987) Puellina (Bryozoa; Cheilostomatida; Cribrilinidae) from British and adjacent waters. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 53, 1 - 63." type="journal article" year="1987">Bishop & Househam (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]. Ooecium often (but not always) recumbent on the costal shield of the distal zooid, slightly wider than long, the surface smooth, bearing about 20 pseudopores (nearly 12 visible in frontal view, plus about eight near the base and only visible in lateral view); pseudopores large (up to 50 µm in their maximum dimension), irregularly shaped. Central part of ectooecium slightly deformed in some ovicells, with central swollen part bordered by two lateral furrows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7EFFA15E0679EA77DAD1BC" box="[571,700,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–64" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1697,1719]" captionTargetBox="[224,1341,193,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[224,1341,193,1679]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 55–64. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 55, 56. Ovicellate zooids with hyperstomial acleithral ovicells having pseudoporous ooecia formed by the distal autozooid; note broken oral costa-like processes and more (55) or less (56) developed caudal portions, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 57, 58. Frontal (57) and inclined (58) views of an ovicellate zooid with fully developed costal arch leaving a wider and a narrower passages to the orifice on the proximal and distal sides, respectively, Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 59, 60. Frontal (59) and lateral (60) views of the same zooid and its ooecium (seen in 57, 58) to show its relationships with the costal arch formed by lateral oral costa-like processes, Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 61. Group of closely spaced, partly regenerated autozooids belonging to converging branches, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 62–64. The only ooecium produced by a distal kenozooid, in frontal (62), lateral (63) and distofrontal (64) views to show the large passage between the ovicell and the handle-shaped oral process. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a. Scale bars: 59, 60 = 200 µm; 55–58, 61–64 = 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610634/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Figs 55, 56</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7EFFA15EFA79F57677D1BC" box="[711,785,1232,1256]" captionStart="FIGURES 79–84" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1843,1865]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,553,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,553,1821]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 79–84. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., holotype USNM 7828. 79. Colony portion with zooids exhibiting distal and distolateral budding. 80. Close-up of a cruciform budding. 81, 82. Ovicellate zooid with broken orificial coastal arch, ovicell hyperstomial, acleithral, pseudoporous ooecium is formed by the distal autozooid. 83. Zooid with extensive gymnocyst, pelmatidia and broken oral costa-like processes. 84. Two subsequent zooids in an uniserial chain, one (below) with pointed distal oral costa-like processes and another (above) showing lateral costa-like processes meeting to form the orificial arch (arrowed). Scale bars: 79–81, 84 = 500 µm; 82, 83 = 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610642/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">81, 82</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BACB4333A7EFFA15CFA79D17002D0B1" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">
|
||
Kenozooids of two different
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A80A913A7EFFA15E2879D07735D059" box="[533,595,1269,1293]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">types</typeStatus>
|
||
: 1) irregularly triangular kenozooids, as large as autozooids, with a very extensive gymnocyst, usually with five budding loci as autozooids (only one of which seems to be active) and a centrally placed, round to oval shield, formed by a dozen costae or less, similar in the general appearance to autozooidal frontal shield but comparably smaller and exhibiting shorter costae and wider intercostal spaces (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7EFFA15956787A7468D0C9" captionStart="FIGURES 70–76" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1764,1786]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,265,1742]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 70–76. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a, except for 73 Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 70, 71. Large, costate-shielded kenozooid connecting autozooids belonging to different braches (70), and its close-up showing the shield with costae and pelmatidia (71). 72. Large costate-shielded kenozooids reparing a damaged colony portion, one (long arrowed) connecting two zooids and another (short allowed) intramurally budded within a broken zooid. 73. Large costate-shielded kenozooid terminating zooidal row. 74, 75. Small kenozooid with opesia connecting autozooids from different branches (74), and its close-up showing (75). 76. Close-up of the reparative kenozooid intramurally budded within a damaged autozooid in 72. Scale bars: 70, 73 = 500 µm; 71, 76 = 200 µm; 72, 74 = 1 mm; 75 = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610638/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Figs 70–73, 76</figureCitation>
|
||
); 2) occasional, smaller (160 x 200 µm) kenozooids, more irregularly-shaped, with a frontal surface entirely consisting of gymnocyst and a centrally placed opesia at the end of a longitudinal suture (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7EFFA158EF78827034D094" box="[1234,1362,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURES 70–76" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1764,1786]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,265,1742]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 70–76. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a, except for 73 Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 70, 71. Large, costate-shielded kenozooid connecting autozooids belonging to different braches (70), and its close-up showing the shield with costae and pelmatidia (71). 72. Large costate-shielded kenozooids reparing a damaged colony portion, one (long arrowed) connecting two zooids and another (short allowed) intramurally budded within a broken zooid. 73. Large costate-shielded kenozooid terminating zooidal row. 74, 75. Small kenozooid with opesia connecting autozooids from different branches (74), and its close-up showing (75). 76. Close-up of the reparative kenozooid intramurally budded within a damaged autozooid in 72. Scale bars: 70, 73 = 500 µm; 71, 76 = 200 µm; 72, 74 = 1 mm; 75 = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610638/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Figs 74, 75</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A80A913A7EFFA15CAA78E875B4D0B1" box="[151,210,1485,1509]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of kenozooids often placed between zooids belonging to different branches. Avicularia seemingly absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BACB4333A7EFFA15CFA78CA712ED3CC" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">
|
||
Ancestrula and periancestrular area hardly detectable in the colony network, surely observed only twice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7EFFA1595778CA7585D378" captionStart="FIGURES 77, 78" captionStartId="27.[151,264,806,828]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,784]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,784]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 77, 78. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope, Station GeoB16367-2, SMF-45.515. 77. Ancestrula with a pair of periancestrular autozooids budded at mid-length on both lateral sides. 78. Close-up of the ancestrula resembling autozooids. Scale bars: 77 = 500 µm; 78 = 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610640/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Figs 77, 78</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ancestrula smaller than autozooids, but comparable in morphology except for the short and proximally roundish gymnocyst, and its smaller frontal shield consisting of 13 costae. In the two observed ancestrulae, two zooids originate about at mid-length on each lateral side. Both show relatively short and non-tapering caudal parts, and have frontal shields of 14 costae, and a smaller size than subsequent autozooids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C309E7B83A7EFFAB5CFA7B8176CCD799" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="430" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BACB4333A7EFFA15CFA7B8174D6D289" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A7EFFA15CFA7B817452D3E9" bold="true" box="[199,308,1700,1725]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. Characters observed in the GBBS material fit well with the examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A80A913A7EFFA158FB7B81704ED3E9" box="[1222,1320,1700,1725]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7EFFA159057B8175D2D3B4" captionStart="FIGURES 79–84" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1843,1865]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,553,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,553,1821]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 79–84. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., holotype USNM 7828. 79. Colony portion with zooids exhibiting distal and distolateral budding. 80. Close-up of a cruciform budding. 81, 82. Ovicellate zooid with broken orificial coastal arch, ovicell hyperstomial, acleithral, pseudoporous ooecium is formed by the distal autozooid. 83. Zooid with extensive gymnocyst, pelmatidia and broken oral costa-like processes. 84. Two subsequent zooids in an uniserial chain, one (below) with pointed distal oral costa-like processes and another (above) showing lateral costa-like processes meeting to form the orificial arch (arrowed). Scale bars: 79–81, 84 = 500 µm; 82, 83 = 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610642/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Figs 79– 84</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the description by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A7EFFA15DEC7BED7787D3B4" author="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S." box="[465,737,1735,1760]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" pagination="1 - 199" refId="ref20621" refString="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S. (1928) Fossil and Recent Bryozoa of the Gulf of Mexico region. Proceedings of the Unites States National Museum, 72, 1 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.72 - 2710.1" type="journal article" year="1928">Canu & Bassler (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Describing the ectooecial surface, these authors mention “a longitudinal keel and two lateral circular scars”, a character exaggerated in their figure (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A7EFFA1585A7BC975B0D27C" author="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S." pageId="23" pageNumber="424" pagination="1 - 199" refId="ref20621" refString="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S. (1928) Fossil and Recent Bryozoa of the Gulf of Mexico region. Proceedings of the Unites States National Museum, 72, 1 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.72 - 2710.1" type="journal article" year="1928">Canu & Bassler 1928, pl. 3, fig. 5</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In fact, it is not so pronounced (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7EFFA15EF77A2A7628D27C" box="[714,846,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–64" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1697,1719]" captionTargetBox="[224,1341,193,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[224,1341,193,1679]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 55–64. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 55, 56. Ovicellate zooids with hyperstomial acleithral ovicells having pseudoporous ooecia formed by the distal autozooid; note broken oral costa-like processes and more (55) or less (56) developed caudal portions, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 57, 58. Frontal (57) and inclined (58) views of an ovicellate zooid with fully developed costal arch leaving a wider and a narrower passages to the orifice on the proximal and distal sides, respectively, Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 59, 60. Frontal (59) and lateral (60) views of the same zooid and its ooecium (seen in 57, 58) to show its relationships with the costal arch formed by lateral oral costa-like processes, Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 61. Group of closely spaced, partly regenerated autozooids belonging to converging branches, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 62–64. The only ooecium produced by a distal kenozooid, in frontal (62), lateral (63) and distofrontal (64) views to show the large passage between the ovicell and the handle-shaped oral process. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a. Scale bars: 59, 60 = 200 µm; 55–58, 61–64 = 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610634/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Figs 55, 56</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7EFFA15F617A3576CED27C" box="[860,936,1808,1832]" captionStart="FIGURES 79–84" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1843,1865]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,553,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,553,1821]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 79–84. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., holotype USNM 7828. 79. Colony portion with zooids exhibiting distal and distolateral budding. 80. Close-up of a cruciform budding. 81, 82. Ovicellate zooid with broken orificial coastal arch, ovicell hyperstomial, acleithral, pseudoporous ooecium is formed by the distal autozooid. 83. Zooid with extensive gymnocyst, pelmatidia and broken oral costa-like processes. 84. Two subsequent zooids in an uniserial chain, one (below) with pointed distal oral costa-like processes and another (above) showing lateral costa-like processes meeting to form the orificial arch (arrowed). Scale bars: 79–81, 84 = 500 µm; 82, 83 = 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610642/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">81, 82</figureCitation>
|
||
). The "keel" is likely the result of a growth defect during the development of the ovicell. Plate 3, fig.
|
||
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<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A7EFFA15F647A117138D218" author="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S." box="[857,1118,1844,1869]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" pagination="1 - 199" refId="ref20621" refString="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S. (1928) Fossil and Recent Bryozoa of the Gulf of Mexico region. Proceedings of the Unites States National Museum, 72, 1 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.72 - 2710.1" type="journal article" year="1928">Canu & Bassler (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also shows the arch formed by the lateral oral processes associated with the ovicell, which is now broken in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A80A913A7EFFA1585E7A7271A3D224" box="[1123,1221,1879,1904]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
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(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7EFFA158EB7A72704BD224" box="[1238,1325,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURES 79–84" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1843,1865]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,553,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,553,1821]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 79–84. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., holotype USNM 7828. 79. Colony portion with zooids exhibiting distal and distolateral budding. 80. Close-up of a cruciform budding. 81, 82. Ovicellate zooid with broken orificial coastal arch, ovicell hyperstomial, acleithral, pseudoporous ooecium is formed by the distal autozooid. 83. Zooid with extensive gymnocyst, pelmatidia and broken oral costa-like processes. 84. Two subsequent zooids in an uniserial chain, one (below) with pointed distal oral costa-like processes and another (above) showing lateral costa-like processes meeting to form the orificial arch (arrowed). Scale bars: 79–81, 84 = 500 µm; 82, 83 = 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610642/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Fig. 82</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A7EFFA1597F7A7D745AD2C0" author="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S." pageId="23" pageNumber="424" pagination="1 - 199" refId="ref20621" refString="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S. (1928) Fossil and Recent Bryozoa of the Gulf of Mexico region. Proceedings of the Unites States National Museum, 72, 1 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.72 - 2710.1" type="journal article" year="1928">Canu & Bassler (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described this characteristical arched structure as exclusively associated with ovicellate zooids but photos of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A80A913A7EFFA15D0B7A8574FED2ED" box="[310,408,1952,1977]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
point to its occurrence also in non-ovicellate zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A7EFFA1583C7A8571E0D2EC" box="[1025,1158,1952,1977]" captionStart="FIGURES 79–84" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1843,1865]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,553,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,553,1821]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 79–84. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., holotype USNM 7828. 79. Colony portion with zooids exhibiting distal and distolateral budding. 80. Close-up of a cruciform budding. 81, 82. Ovicellate zooid with broken orificial coastal arch, ovicell hyperstomial, acleithral, pseudoporous ooecium is formed by the distal autozooid. 83. Zooid with extensive gymnocyst, pelmatidia and broken oral costa-like processes. 84. Two subsequent zooids in an uniserial chain, one (below) with pointed distal oral costa-like processes and another (above) showing lateral costa-like processes meeting to form the orificial arch (arrowed). Scale bars: 79–81, 84 = 500 µm; 82, 83 = 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610642/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Figs 79, 84</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrowed), as frequently observed in our material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6CE4BB3A71FFAE5CAA7B8475A6D2BE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610634/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" startId="24.[151,264,1697,1719]" targetBox="[224,1341,193,1679]" targetPageId="24">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BACB4333A71FFAE5CAA7B8475A6D2BE" blockId="24.[151,1436,1697,2026]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A71FFAE5CAA7B847433D3E3" bold="true" box="[151,341,1697,1719]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">FIGURES 55–64.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A71FFAE5D617B87766BD3E3" authority="(Canu & Bassler, 1928)" authorityName="Rosso & Beuck & Vertino & Sanfilippo & Freiwald" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Canu & Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[348,781,1697,1719]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Teresaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="lineata" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A71FFAE5D617B877775D3E3" box="[348,531,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">Teresaspis lineata</emphasis>
|
||
(Canu & Bassler, 1928)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A71FFAE5F287B847615D3E3" bold="true" box="[789,883,1697,1719]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A254D55A3A71FFAE5F287B847615D3E3" box="[789,883,1697,1719]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, Great Bahama Bank slope. 55, 56. Ovicellate zooids with hyperstomial acleithral ovicells having pseudoporous ooecia formed by the distal autozooid; note broken oral costa-like processes and more (55) or less (56) developed caudal portions, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 57, 58. Frontal (57) and inclined (58) views of an ovicellate zooid with fully developed costal arch leaving a wider and a narrower passages to the orifice on the proximal and distal sides, respectively, Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 59, 60. Frontal (59) and lateral (60) views of the same zooid and its ooecium (seen in 57, 58
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A71FFAE5EE67A1E7785D205" bold="true" box="[731,739,1851,1873]" pageId="24" pageNumber="425">)</emphasis>
|
||
to show its relationships with the costal arch formed by lateral oral costa-like processes, Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 61. Group of closely spaced, partly regenerated autozooids belonging to converging branches, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 62–64. The only ooecium produced by a distal kenozooid, in frontal (62), lateral (63) and distofrontal (64) views to show the large passage between the ovicell and the handle-shaped oral process. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a. Scale bars: 59, 60 = 200 µm; 55–58, 61–64 = 500 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6CE4BB3A70FFAF5CAA79807180D021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610636/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" startId="25.[151,264,1189,1211]" targetBox="[151,1436,185,1168]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BACB4333A70FFAF5CAA79807180D021" blockId="25.[151,1436,1189,1397]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A70FFAF5CAA79807435D1EF" bold="true" box="[151,339,1189,1211]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">FIGURES 65–69.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A70FFAF5D6479827667D1EF" authority="(Canu & Bassler, 1928)" authorityName="Rosso & Beuck & Vertino & Sanfilippo & Freiwald" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Canu & Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[345,769,1189,1212]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Teresaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="lineata" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A70FFAF5D6479827768D1EF" box="[345,526,1189,1212]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Teresaspis lineata</emphasis>
|
||
(Canu & Bassler, 1928)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A254D55A3A70FFAF5F3579807602D1EF" box="[776,868,1189,1211]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A70FFAF5F3579807602D1EF" bold="true" box="[776,868,1189,1211]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">n. comb.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, Great Bahama Bank slope. 65. Zooidal orifice showing indistinct blunt condyles, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 66. Zooidal orifice closed by a secondarily calcified operculum, Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. 67, 68. 67. Regenerated zooids in frontal view; the laminar orificial arch indicates the former presence of an ovicell, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 68. Distal part of a broken autozooid subsequently regenerated as an autozooid (see the nested orificial rim) and a kenozooid. 69. Unusual budding pattern showing two distal daughter zooids originating from a possibly teratologic autozooid proximally connected to the parental one through two porechambers, Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. Scale bars: 65, 66 = 100 µm; 67, 68 = 200 µm; 69 = 500 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BACB4333A70FFAF5CFA78B87589D381" blockId="25.[151,1437,1436,2037]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">
|
||
A certain variability occurs in the number of autozooidal costae between the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A80A913A70FFAF581478B971EDD0E1" box="[1065,1163,1436,1461]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
[14–16 were counted in seven zooids (mean 15)], and the colonies from different stations (Station GeoB 16382-1: 15.7; Station GeoB 1638276-1: 16.7; Station GeoB 1638288-3: 17; Station GeoB 1638277-1: 17.5). However, no correlation was noted between the number of costae and the dimensions of the zooids. Occasionally, autozooids can be irregularly shaped, sometimes with lateral concave indentations, largely caused by the roughness of the encrusted substratum. Examples of regeneration include broken zooids with reparative budding (often intramural) of new autozooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A70FFAF5CA27B51759AD3D9" box="[159,252,1652,1677]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–64" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1697,1719]" captionTargetBox="[224,1341,193,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[224,1341,193,1679]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 55–64. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 55, 56. Ovicellate zooids with hyperstomial acleithral ovicells having pseudoporous ooecia formed by the distal autozooid; note broken oral costa-like processes and more (55) or less (56) developed caudal portions, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 57, 58. Frontal (57) and inclined (58) views of an ovicellate zooid with fully developed costal arch leaving a wider and a narrower passages to the orifice on the proximal and distal sides, respectively, Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 59, 60. Frontal (59) and lateral (60) views of the same zooid and its ooecium (seen in 57, 58) to show its relationships with the costal arch formed by lateral oral costa-like processes, Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 61. Group of closely spaced, partly regenerated autozooids belonging to converging branches, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 62–64. The only ooecium produced by a distal kenozooid, in frontal (62), lateral (63) and distofrontal (64) views to show the large passage between the ovicell and the handle-shaped oral process. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a. Scale bars: 59, 60 = 200 µm; 55–58, 61–64 = 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610634/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Figs 61</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A70FFAF5D337B51744DD3D9" box="[270,299,1652,1677]" captionStart="FIGURES 65–69" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1189,1211]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1168]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,185,1168]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 65–69. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 65. Zooidal orifice showing indistinct blunt condyles, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 66. Zooidal orifice closed by a secondarily calcified operculum, Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. 67, 68. 67. Regenerated zooids in frontal view; the laminar orificial arch indicates the former presence of an ovicell, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 68. Distal part of a broken autozooid subsequently regenerated as an autozooid (see the nested orificial rim) and a kenozooid. 69. Unusual budding pattern showing two distal daughter zooids originating from a possibly teratologic autozooid proximally connected to the parental one through two porechambers, Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. Scale bars: 65, 66 = 100 µm; 67, 68 = 200 µm; 69 = 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610636/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">67</figureCitation>
|
||
) or kenozooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A70FFAF5DC77B51773ED3D9" box="[506,600,1652,1677]" captionStart="FIGURES 65–69" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1189,1211]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1168]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,185,1168]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 65–69. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 65. Zooidal orifice showing indistinct blunt condyles, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 66. Zooidal orifice closed by a secondarily calcified operculum, Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. 67, 68. 67. Regenerated zooids in frontal view; the laminar orificial arch indicates the former presence of an ovicell, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 68. Distal part of a broken autozooid subsequently regenerated as an autozooid (see the nested orificial rim) and a kenozooid. 69. Unusual budding pattern showing two distal daughter zooids originating from a possibly teratologic autozooid proximally connected to the parental one through two porechambers, Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. Scale bars: 65, 66 = 100 µm; 67, 68 = 200 µm; 69 = 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610636/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Figs 68</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A70FFAF5E577B5077DCD3D9" box="[618,698,1652,1677]" captionStart="FIGURES 70–76" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1764,1786]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,265,1742]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 70–76. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a, except for 73 Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 70, 71. Large, costate-shielded kenozooid connecting autozooids belonging to different braches (70), and its close-up showing the shield with costae and pelmatidia (71). 72. Large costate-shielded kenozooids reparing a damaged colony portion, one (long arrowed) connecting two zooids and another (short allowed) intramurally budded within a broken zooid. 73. Large costate-shielded kenozooid terminating zooidal row. 74, 75. Small kenozooid with opesia connecting autozooids from different branches (74), and its close-up showing (75). 76. Close-up of the reparative kenozooid intramurally budded within a damaged autozooid in 72. Scale bars: 70, 73 = 500 µm; 71, 76 = 200 µm; 72, 74 = 1 mm; 75 = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610638/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">72, 76</figureCitation>
|
||
), and are also visible as double-edged orifices (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A70FFAF593D7B517038D3D9" box="[1280,1374,1652,1677]" captionStart="FIGURES 65–69" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1189,1211]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1168]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,185,1168]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 65–69. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 65. Zooidal orifice showing indistinct blunt condyles, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 66. Zooidal orifice closed by a secondarily calcified operculum, Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. 67, 68. 67. Regenerated zooids in frontal view; the laminar orificial arch indicates the former presence of an ovicell, Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. 68. Distal part of a broken autozooid subsequently regenerated as an autozooid (see the nested orificial rim) and a kenozooid. 69. Unusual budding pattern showing two distal daughter zooids originating from a possibly teratologic autozooid proximally connected to the parental one through two porechambers, Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. Scale bars: 65, 66 = 100 µm; 67, 68 = 200 µm; 69 = 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610636/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Figs 68</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A70FFAF594D7B5170F6D3D9" box="[1392,1424,1652,1677]" captionStart="FIGURES 70–76" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1764,1786]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,265,1742]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 70–76. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a, except for 73 Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 70, 71. Large, costate-shielded kenozooid connecting autozooids belonging to different braches (70), and its close-up showing the shield with costae and pelmatidia (71). 72. Large costate-shielded kenozooids reparing a damaged colony portion, one (long arrowed) connecting two zooids and another (short allowed) intramurally budded within a broken zooid. 73. Large costate-shielded kenozooid terminating zooidal row. 74, 75. Small kenozooid with opesia connecting autozooids from different branches (74), and its close-up showing (75). 76. Close-up of the reparative kenozooid intramurally budded within a damaged autozooid in 72. Scale bars: 70, 73 = 500 µm; 71, 76 = 200 µm; 72, 74 = 1 mm; 75 = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610638/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">76</figureCitation>
|
||
). Reparations also occur in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A80A913A70FFAF5DDD7BBD7720D3E5" box="[480,582,1688,1713]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Ovicells are not common in the numerous colonies and/or colony fragments studied.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BACB4333A70FFAC5CFA7BC57585D581" blockId="25.[151,1437,1436,2037]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1435,151,213]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="427" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">
|
||
The function of the costal structure overarching the orifice was discussed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A70FFAF580F7BC47005D3AD" author="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S." box="[1074,1379,1760,1785]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" pagination="1 - 199" refId="ref20621" refString="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S. (1928) Fossil and Recent Bryozoa of the Gulf of Mexico region. Proceedings of the Unites States National Museum, 72, 1 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.72 - 2710.1" type="journal article" year="1928">Canu & Bassler (1928: 38)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who wrote that “protective influence of the apertural arch is rather difficult to understand: we have observed it only on the ovicelled zooecia; it must retard very much the extrusion of the tentacles.” However, in non-ovicellate zooids the arch is narrow and very high above the orifice, thus obviously not restricting the polypide eversion via the distal ‘passage’ made by the calcified arch and bounded distally by the distal oral processes. In most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A70FFAF58ED7A557014D2DD" box="[1232,1394,1904,1929]" class="Gymnolaemata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomata" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="order">Cheilostomata</taxonomicName>
|
||
the protruding lophophores are slightly inclined distally, and one could hardly imagine that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A70FFAF588D7AB0701AD2F9" authorityName="Rosso & Beuck & Vertino & Sanfilippo & Freiwald" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Canu & Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[1200,1404,1940,1965]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Teresaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="lineata" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A70FFAF588D7AB0701AD2F9" box="[1200,1404,1940,1965]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Teresaspis lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A254D55A3A70FFAF59B87AB175B9D285" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A70FFAF59B87AB175B9D285" bold="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">n. comb.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
they would be tilted in opposite directions through the regulating action of this arched structure. This behaviour could be different from what is expected to happen in species, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A70FFAC585F7AF9744AD5E4" authority="(Smitt, 1868)" authorityName="Smitt" authorityYear="1868" baseAuthorityName="Smitt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Gephyrotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="427" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="nitidopunctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A70FFAF585F7AF970FAD2A1" box="[1122,1436,2012,2037]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Gephyrotes nitidopunctatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A73FFAC5CA27DB27442D5E4" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[159,292,151,176]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" pagination="3 - 230" refId="ref25503" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1868) Kritisk forteckning ofver Skandinaviens Hafs-Bryozoer. IV. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 25, 3 - 230. [pls 24 - 28]" type="journal article" year="1868">Smitt, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A73FFAC5D597DB276EDD5E4" authority="(Canu & Bassler, 1928)" authorityName="Canu & Bassler" authorityYear="1928" baseAuthorityName="Canu & Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[356,907,151,176]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Spiniflabellum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spinosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A73FFAC5D597DB2771ED5E4" box="[356,632,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Spiniflabellum spinosum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A73FFAC5EBA7DBD76E5D5E4" author="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S." box="[647,899,151,176]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" pagination="1 - 199" refId="ref20621" refString="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S. (1928) Fossil and Recent Bryozoa of the Gulf of Mexico region. Proceedings of the Unites States National Museum, 72, 1 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.72 - 2710.1" type="journal article" year="1928">Canu & Bassler, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which have similar peristomial structures (see above)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6CE4BB3A73FFAC5CAA7BC17601D284" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610638/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" startId="26.[151,264,1764,1786]" targetBox="[151,1436,265,1742]" targetPageId="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BACB4333A73FFAC5CAA7BC17601D284" blockId="26.[151,1436,1764,2000]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A73FFAC5CAA7BC17431D3AE" bold="true" box="[151,343,1764,1786]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">FIGURES 70–76.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A73FFAC5D5D7BC0767DD3AE" authority="(Canu & Bassler, 1928)" authorityName="Rosso & Beuck & Vertino & Sanfilippo & Freiwald" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Canu & Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[352,795,1764,1786]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Teresaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="lineata" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A73FFAC5D5D7BC0777ED3AE" box="[352,536,1764,1786]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Teresaspis lineata</emphasis>
|
||
(Canu & Bassler, 1928)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A254D55A3A73FFAC5F197BC176E2D3AE" box="[804,900,1764,1786]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A73FFAC5F197BC176E2D3AE" bold="true" box="[804,900,1764,1786]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">n. comb.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, Great Bahama Bank slope. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a, except for 73 Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 70, 71. Large, costate-shielded kenozooid connecting autozooids belonging to different braches (70), and its close-up showing the shield with costae and pelmatidia (71). 72. Large costate-shielded kenozooids reparing a damaged colony portion, one (long arrowed) connecting two zooids and another (short allowed) intramurally budded within a broken zooid. 73. Large costate-shielded kenozooid terminating zooidal row. 74, 75. Small kenozooid with opesia connecting autozooids from different branches (74), and its close-up showing (75). 76. Close-up of the reparative kenozooid intramurally budded within a damaged autozooid in 72. Scale bars: 70, 73 = 500 µm; 71, 76 = 200 µm; 72, 74 = 1 mm; 75 = 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6CE4BB3A72FFAD5CAA7E0376A2D62D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610640/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" startId="27.[151,264,806,828]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,784]" targetPageId="27">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BACB4333A72FFAD5CAA7E0376A2D62D" blockId="27.[151,1436,806,889]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A72FFAD5CAA7E03743FD668" bold="true" box="[151,345,806,828]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">FIGURES 77, 78.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A72FFAD5D5F7E02767AD668" authority="(Canu & Bassler, 1928)" authorityName="Rosso & Beuck & Vertino & Sanfilippo & Freiwald" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Canu & Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[354,796,806,828]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Teresaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="lineata" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A72FFAD5D5F7E02777DD668" box="[354,539,806,828]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Teresaspis lineata</emphasis>
|
||
(Canu & Bassler, 1928)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A254D55A3A72FFAD5F187E0376E3D668" box="[805,901,806,828]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A72FFAD5F187E0376E3D668" bold="true" box="[805,901,806,828]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">n. comb.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, Great Bahama Bank slope, Station GeoB16367-2, SMF-45.515. 77. Ancestrula with a pair of periancestrular autozooids budded at mid-length on both lateral sides. 78. Close-up of the ancestrula resembling autozooids. Scale bars: 77 = 500 µm; 78 = 200 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BACB4333A72FFAD5CAA7E857122D1C5" blockId="27.[151,1437,928,2033]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
|
||
but exhibit even smaller proximal passages, possibly not suitable for tentacle eversion. The wide costal arch developing in ovicellate zooids covers most of the zooidal orifice, although still leaving a proximal sub-rectangular (about 100 µm long by 250 µm wide) passage and a distal semi-circular one above the ooecium. It is unknown if this structure hampers the polypide eversion, but probably not, since oviposition should occur by protruded lophophores in acleithral ovicells (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A72FFAD5E21791577B3D11D" author="Ostrovsky, A. N." box="[540,725,1072,1097]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" refId="ref24498" refString="Ostrovsky, A. N. (2013) Evolution of Sexual Reproduction in Marine Invertebrates: Example of gymnolaemate bryozoans. Springer Science & Business Media Dordrecht, 356 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 7146 - 8 _ 2" type="book" year="2013">Ostrovsky 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The large size of the costal arch also covering the entrance of the brood chamber could be explained by a protection of developing embryos in the ovicell that would be otherwise separated from the external medium sector by the membranous ooecial vesicle only.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BACB4333A72FFAD5CFA79B87069D24D" blockId="27.[151,1437,928,2033]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
|
||
Two colonies from the GBBS possess ancestrulae and periancestrular area, and many have kenozooids that are seemingly missing in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A80A913A72FFAD5D8779E5777AD18D" box="[442,540,1216,1241]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and were not described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A72FFAD5F6A79E47107D18D" author="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S." box="[855,1121,1216,1241]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="1 - 199" refId="ref20621" refString="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S. (1928) Fossil and Recent Bryozoa of the Gulf of Mexico region. Proceedings of the Unites States National Museum, 72, 1 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.72 - 2710.1" type="journal article" year="1928">Canu & Bassler (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Kenozooids include both a costate shield-bearing type, and a smooth-surfaced type with only a small opesia. The first type is supposedly a result of the abortion of the normal autozooidal development, possibly explained by the lack of sufficient space caused by the formation of the neighbour branch or failure of the normal development. Shield-bearing kenozooids commonly occur in several cribrilinid species and genera, but simple opesia-bearing kenozooids have been reported more rarely in some species, such as
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A72FFAD5EDC78517614D0D9" box="[737,882,1396,1421]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A72FFAD5ED77851760CD0D9" authorityName="Rosso & Beuck & Vertino & Sanfilippo & Freiwald" authorityYear="2018" box="[746,874,1396,1421]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Cribrilina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">Cribrilina</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A72FFAD5FBF785170F1D0D9" authority="Harmelin, 1978" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="1978" box="[898,1431,1396,1421]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Cribrilina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="uniserialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A72FFAD5FBF7851769ED0D9" box="[898,1016,1396,1421]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">uniserialis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A72FFAD5835785171A7D0D9" author="Harmelin, J. - G." box="[1032,1217,1396,1421]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="173 - 192" refId="ref21781" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (1978) Sur quelques cribrimorphes (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) d'Atlantique orientale. Tethys, 8, 173 - 192." type="journal article" year="1978">Harmelin, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A72FFAD58E5785170E9D0D9" author="Harmelin, J. - G." box="[1240,1423,1396,1421]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="173 - 192" refId="ref21781" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (1978) Sur quelques cribrimorphes (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) d'Atlantique orientale. Tethys, 8, 173 - 192." type="journal article" year="1978">Harmelin 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A72FFAD5CAA78BD77E4D0E5" authority="(Jullien, 1882)" authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1882" baseAuthorityName="Jullien" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[151,642,1432,1457]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Distansescharella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="alcicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A72FFAD5CAA78BD74B1D0E5" box="[151,471,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Distansescharella alcicornis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A72FFAD5DDB78BD771CD0E5" author="Jullien, J." box="[486,634,1432,1457]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref23131" refString="Jullien, J. (1882) Dragages du " Travailleur ", Bryozoaires. Especes draguees dans l'Ocean Atlantique en 1881. Especes nouvelles ou incompletement decrites. Extrait du Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France, 7, 1 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4721" type="journal article" year="1882">Jullien, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A72FFAD5EAC78BD7659D0E5" author="Harmelin, J. - G." box="[657,831,1432,1457]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="173 - 192" refId="ref21781" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (1978) Sur quelques cribrimorphes (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) d'Atlantique orientale. Tethys, 8, 173 - 192." type="journal article" year="1978">Harmelin 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A72FFAD5F7678BD7151D0E5" author="Harmelin, J. - G. & Boronat, J. & Moissette, P. & Rosso, A." box="[843,1079,1432,1457]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="485 - 501" refId="ref22325" refString="Harmelin, J. - G., Boronat, J., Moissette, P. & Rosso, A. (1989) Distansescharella seguenzai Cipolla, 1921 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), nouvelles donnees morphologiques et ecologiques tirees de specimens fossiles (Miocene, Pliocene) et recents de Mediterranee. Geobios, 22 (4), 485 - 501. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0016 - 6995 (89) 80100 - 7" type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
Harmelin
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A72FFAD5F8178BF768AD0E5" box="[956,1004,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A72FFAD587678BF7415D081" authority="Souto, Berning & Ostrovsky, 2016" authorityName="Souto, Berning & Ostrovsky" authorityYear="2016" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Distansescharella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cervicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A72FFAD587678BF718DD0E5" box="[1099,1259,1434,1457]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">D. cervicornis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A72FFAD58CF78BC7415D081" author="Souto, J. & Berning, B. & Ostrovsky, A. N." pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="401 - 459" refId="ref25580" refString="Souto, J., Berning, B. & Ostrovsky, A. N. (2016) Systematics and diversity of deep-water Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic). Zootaxa, 4067 (4), 401 - 459. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4067.4.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Souto, Berning & Ostrovsky, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A72FFAD5DBB78987731D081" author="Souto, J. & Berning, B. & Ostrovsky, A. N." box="[390,599,1468,1493]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="401 - 459" refId="ref25580" refString="Souto, J., Berning, B. & Ostrovsky, A. N. (2016) Systematics and diversity of deep-water Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic). Zootaxa, 4067 (4), 401 - 459. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4067.4.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Souto
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A72FFAD5DE9789B776FD081" box="[468,521,1468,1493]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A72FFAD5E9C789871F9D081" authority="Kuklinsky & Barnes, 2009" authorityName="Kuklinsky & Barnes" authorityYear="2009" box="[673,1183,1468,1493]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Inferusia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="taylori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A72FFAD5E9C7898763BD081" box="[673,861,1468,1493]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Inferusia taylori</emphasis>
|
||
Kuklinsky &
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A72FFAD5835789871F9D081" author="Kuklinski, P. & Barnes, D. K. A." box="[1032,1183,1469,1493]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="1251 - 1259" refId="ref23297" refString="Kuklinski, P. & Barnes, D. K. A. (2009) A new genus and three new species of Antarctic cheilostome Bryozoa. Polar Biology, 32, 1251 - 1259. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 009 - 0621 - 6" type="journal article" year="2009">Barnes, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A72FFAD588F789975B5D0AD" author="Kuklinski, P. & Barnes, D. K. A." pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="1251 - 1259" refId="ref23297" refString="Kuklinski, P. & Barnes, D. K. A. (2009) A new genus and three new species of Antarctic cheilostome Bryozoa. Polar Biology, 32, 1251 - 1259. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 009 - 0621 - 6" type="journal article" year="2009">Kuklinski & Barnes 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), or figured though not described, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A72FFAD5EA978C57199D0AD" authority="Denisenko, 2018" authorityName="Denisenko" authorityYear="2018" box="[660,1279,1504,1529]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Cinclidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="aculeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A72FFAD5EA978C57602D0AD" box="[660,868,1504,1529]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Cinclidia aculeata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A72FFAD5F5178C5714CD0AD" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[876,1066,1504,1529]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="116 - 126" refId="ref20837" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (2018) New Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) species from sublittoral and bathyal zones off the Faroe Islands, with some comments on allied taxa. Zootaxa, 4375 (1), 116 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4375.1.6" type="journal article" year="2018">Denisenko, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A72FFAD580478C57191D0AD" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[1081,1271,1504,1529]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="116 - 126" refId="ref20837" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (2018) New Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) species from sublittoral and bathyal zones off the Faroe Islands, with some comments on allied taxa. Zootaxa, 4375 (1), 116 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4375.1.6" type="journal article" year="2018">Denisenko 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Like in other uniserial and pauciserial cheilostome species for which comparable structures have been described (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A72FFAD59047B20744CD315" author="Rosso, A. & Taylor, P. D." pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="35 - 46" refId="ref25070" refString="Rosso, A. & Taylor, P. D. (2002) A new anascan cheilostome Bryozoan from Iceland deep waters and its uniserial colony growth pattern. Sarsia, 87, 35 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 003648202753631712" type="journal article" year="2002">Rosso & Taylor, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A72FFAD5D0A7B0C776CD315" author="Rosso, A. & Sciuto, F. & Sanfilippo, R. & Spencer-Jones, M. E." box="[311,522,1576,1601]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="95 - 110" refId="ref25290" refString="Rosso, A., Sciuto, F., Sanfilippo, R. & Spencer-Jones, M. E. (2017) The bryozoan genus Arbocuspis (Cheilostomata, Electridae) from the Indian Ocean, with description of a new species from off southwestern Thailand, Andaman Sea. Zootaxa, 4282 (1), 95 - 110. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4282.1.5" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Rosso
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A72FFAD5DB87B0F74D9D315" box="[389,447,1576,1601]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and references therein), in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A72FFAD5F717B0F76D1D315" authorityName="Rosso & Beuck & Vertino & Sanfilippo & Freiwald" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Canu & Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[844,951,1576,1601]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Teresaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="lineata" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A72FFAD5F717B0F76D1D315" box="[844,951,1576,1601]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">T. lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A254D55A3A72FFAD5FFD7B0D714ED315" box="[960,1064,1576,1601]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A72FFAD5FFD7B0D714ED315" bold="true" box="[960,1064,1576,1601]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">n. comb.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, kenozooids sometimes serve to connect neighbouring zooids from different rows, as well as non contiguous zooids of the same curving row. Kenozooid sizes and general outlines seem related to available space, local surface morphology and developmental failure. Kenozooids are often located at the stand-off of a branch encountering zooids of a neighbouring row. Connections between zooids through lateral tubular extensions formed from basal pore-chambers were occasionally observed. Such connections are known in some other uniserial species with runner-like colonies [e.g. in the Cretaceous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A72FFAD5D5D7A257062D24D" authority="(Voigt & Schneemilch, 1986) (Ostrovsky & Taylor 2004)" authorityName="Voigt & Schneemilch" authorityYear="1986" baseAuthorityName="Voigt & Schneemilch" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[352,1284,1792,1817]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Unidistelopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="krauseae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A72FFAD5D5D7A257713D24D" box="[352,629,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Unidistelopora krauseae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A72FFAD5EB97A2576D8D24D" author="Voigt, E. & Schneemilch, U." box="[644,958,1792,1817]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="113 - 147" refId="ref25980" refString="Voigt, E. & Schneemilch, U. (1986) Neue cheilostomate Bryozoenarten aus dem nordwestdeutschen Campanium. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch-Palaontologisch Institut der Universitat Hamburg, 61, 113 - 147." type="journal article" year="1986">Voigt & Schneemilch, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A72FFAD5FE87A25719AD24D" author="Ostrovsky, A. N. & Taylor, P. D." box="[981,1276,1792,1817]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="775 - 793" refId="ref24608" refString="Ostrovsky, A. N. & Taylor, P. D. (2004) Systematics of Upper Cretaceous calloporid bryozoans with primitive spinose ovicells. Palaeontology, 47 (3), 775 - 793. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 0031 - 0239.2004.00379. x" type="journal article" year="2004">Ostrovsky & Taylor 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BACB4333A72FFAA5CFA7A017015D4A0" blockId="27.[151,1437,928,2033]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1436,151,501]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="429" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
|
||
Periancestrular astogenetic pattern seemingly includes the budding of two midlateral zooids, both forming at high angle (100–110°) to the longitudinal axis of the ancestrula, i.e. directing slightly proximally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A72FFAD58CC7A6D7020D235" box="[1265,1350,1864,1889]" captionStart="FIGURES 77, 78" captionStartId="27.[151,264,806,828]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,784]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,784]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 77, 78. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope, Station GeoB16367-2, SMF-45.515. 77. Ancestrula with a pair of periancestrular autozooids budded at mid-length on both lateral sides. 78. Close-up of the ancestrula resembling autozooids. Scale bars: 77 = 500 µm; 78 = 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610640/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Fig. 77</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the second ancestrula studied, although concealed beneath a thin layer of encrusting sponge, a distal bud was also present. Its absence in the first ancestrula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A72FFAD5EBE7AB5766ED2FD" box="[643,776,1936,1961]" captionStart="FIGURES 77, 78" captionStartId="27.[151,264,806,828]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,784]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,784]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 77, 78. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope, Station GeoB16367-2, SMF-45.515. 77. Ancestrula with a pair of periancestrular autozooids budded at mid-length on both lateral sides. 78. Close-up of the ancestrula resembling autozooids. Scale bars: 77 = 500 µm; 78 = 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610640/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Figs 77, 78</figureCitation>
|
||
) is interpreted as related to unsuitabe colonisable surface and/or the possible potential later activation of the ancestrula’s distal bud. This periancestrular budding pattern, which produces three main branches at high angles from each other, favours the rapid exploration of the available substratum all around ancestrula and is reminiscent of that observed in the Cretaceous cyclostome
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A75FFAA59187DBC747CD580" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Voigtipora maconensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A75FFAA5D1E7D997734D581" author="Taylor, P. D. & McKinney, F. K." box="[291,594,188,213]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="1 - 346" refId="ref25817" refString="Taylor, P. D. & McKinney, F. K. (2006) Cretaceous Bryozoa from the Campanian and Maastrichtian of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains, United States. Scripta Geologica, 132, 1 - 346. Available from: http: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / document / 41316 (Accessed 22 Nov. 2018)" type="journal article" year="2006">Taylor & McKinney, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A75FFAA5E5E7D9976F6D581" author="Taylor, P. D. & McKinney, F. K." box="[611,912,188,213]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="1 - 346" refId="ref25817" refString="Taylor, P. D. & McKinney, F. K. (2006) Cretaceous Bryozoa from the Campanian and Maastrichtian of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains, United States. Scripta Geologica, 132, 1 - 346. Available from: http: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / document / 41316 (Accessed 22 Nov. 2018)" type="journal article" year="2006">Taylor & McKinney 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) with runner-like colonies. A trifurcate radial arrangement has been also described for the Jurassic species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A75FFAA5F037DC47049D5AC" authority="Pohowsky, 1973" authorityName="Pohowsky" authorityYear="1973" box="[830,1327,223,248]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bugulidae" genus="Pyriporopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="portlandensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A75FFAA5F037DC4710AD5AC" box="[830,1132,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Pyriporopsis portlandensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A75FFAA58497DFA7049D5AC" author="Pohowsky, R. A." box="[1140,1327,223,248]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="447 - 461" refId="ref24719" refString="Pohowsky, R. A. (1973) A Jurassic cheilostome from England. In: Larwood, G. P. (Ed.), Living and Fossil Bryozoa. Academic Press, London, pp. 447 - 461." type="book chapter" year="1973">Pohowsky, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although not directly resulting from the ancestrula’s trifurcate budding (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A75FFAA5F497C217160D449" author="Taylor, P. D." box="[884,1030,260,285]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="101 - 110" refId="ref25639" refString="Taylor, P. D. (1986) The ancestrula and early growth pattern in two primitive cheilostome bryozoans: Pyripora catenularia (Fleming) and Pyriporopsis portlandensis Pohowsky. Journal of Natural History, 20, 101 - 110." type="journal article" year="1986">Taylor 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Further branch production in the colony seems to be governed by the location and activation of budding loci. Each zooid exhibits five potential budding loci: one distal, two distolateral and two proximolateral. However, out of the 355 analysed zooids, none was observed to produce five daughter zooids. Four active budding loci, always including the distal bud and three lateral ones, irrespective of the activation of both distolateral or proximolateral buds, were only occasionally observed (less than 1%). Usually (more than 63% of the cases), new zooids originated from only one distolateral bud plus the distal one, and more rarely (slightly more than 6%) from both distolateral buds plus the distal one.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6CE4BB3A75FFAA5CAA7A1676D0D2B6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610642/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" startId="28.[151,264,1843,1865]" targetBox="[151,1436,553,1821]" targetPageId="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BACB4333A75FFAA5CAA7A1676D0D2B6" blockId="28.[151,1436,1843,2018]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A75FFAA5CAA7A167435D21D" bold="true" box="[151,339,1843,1865]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">FIGURES 79–84.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A75FFAA5D647A117662D21D" authority="(Canu & Bassler, 1928)" authorityName="Rosso & Beuck & Vertino & Sanfilippo & Freiwald" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Canu & Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[345,772,1843,1865]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Teresaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="lineata" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A75FFAA5D647A117769D21D" box="[345,527,1843,1865]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Teresaspis lineata</emphasis>
|
||
(Canu & Bassler, 1928)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A254D55A3A75FFAA5F367A167601D21D" box="[779,871,1843,1865]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A75FFAA5F367A167601D21D" bold="true" box="[779,871,1843,1865]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">n. comb.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype USNM 7828. 79. Colony portion with zooids exhibiting distal and distolateral budding. 80. Close-up of a cruciform budding. 81, 82. Ovicellate zooid with broken orificial coastal arch, ovicell hyperstomial, acleithral, pseudoporous ooecium is formed by the distal autozooid. 83. Zooid with extensive gymnocyst, pelmatidia and broken oral costa-like processes. 84. Two subsequent zooids in an uniserial chain, one (below) with pointed distal oral costa-like processes and another (above) showing lateral costa-like processes meeting to form the orificial arch (arrowed). Scale bars: 79–81, 84 = 500 µm; 82, 83 = 200 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BACB4333A74FFAB5CAA7DB276CCD799" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
|
||
Exclusive activation of the distal bud is also frequent, as more than 24% of zooids bud only a distal zooid. Nearly 4% of the zooids showed no budding at all. Most of them were kenozooids and several stopped against a previous branch or developed tubular extensions linking the parental branch to the encroached one (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A74FFAB58ED7DFA703FD5AC" box="[1232,1369,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 70–76" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1764,1786]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,265,1742]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 70–76. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a, except for 73 Station GeoB16376-1, SMF-45.519. 70, 71. Large, costate-shielded kenozooid connecting autozooids belonging to different braches (70), and its close-up showing the shield with costae and pelmatidia (71). 72. Large costate-shielded kenozooids reparing a damaged colony portion, one (long arrowed) connecting two zooids and another (short allowed) intramurally budded within a broken zooid. 73. Large costate-shielded kenozooid terminating zooidal row. 74, 75. Small kenozooid with opesia connecting autozooids from different branches (74), and its close-up showing (75). 76. Close-up of the reparative kenozooid intramurally budded within a damaged autozooid in 72. Scale bars: 70, 73 = 500 µm; 71, 76 = 200 µm; 72, 74 = 1 mm; 75 = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610638/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Figs 70–73</figureCitation>
|
||
). The resulting colony pattern thus includes long chains of zooids with few bifurcations and more rare cruciform trifurcations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1328A8B63A74FFAB5D097C0274DAD414" box="[308,444,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 46–48" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1305,1327]" captionTargetBox="[174,1410,254,1278]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[174,1410,254,1278]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 46–48. Teresaspis lineata (Canu & Bassler, 1928) n. comb., Great Bahama Bank slope. 46. Station GeoB16377-1, SMF-45.520. 47. Station GeoB16388-3, PMC-Rosso Bahama Collection Bah.HB43a. 46, 47. Colonies with long chains of zooids with prevailing distal budding. 48. Colony showing a relatively regular budding pattern alternating zooids with cruciform, distolateral and distal budding. Station GeoB16382-1, SMF-45.523. Scale bars: 46, 48 = 5 mm; 47 = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610630/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Figs 46–48</figureCitation>
|
||
). This pattern could be functional to the exploitation of the surfaces offered by the elongated, highly convex and irregularly curved coral skeletons (which seem to constitute the usual substratum for this species). This arrangement substantially differs from the more regular, essentially cruciform pattern reported for the Campanian electrid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A74FFAB5DEF7CB076EFD4F9" authority="(d'Orbigny, 1852)" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1852" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[466,905,404,429]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Herpetopora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="laxata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A74FFAB5DEF7CB077D4D4F9" box="[466,690,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Herpetopora laxata</emphasis>
|
||
(d’Orbigny, 1852)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
encrusting large smooth surfaces offered by a
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A74FFAB5CAA7C927443D484" box="[151,293,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Belemnitella</emphasis>
|
||
guard (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A74FFAB5D447C927772D484" author="Taylor, P. D." box="[377,532,439,464]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="519 - 549" refId="ref25726" refString="Taylor, P. D. (1988 b) Colony growth pattern and astogenetic gradients in the Cretaceous cheilostome bryozoan Herpetopora. Palaeontology, 31 (2), 519 - 549." type="journal article" year="1988">Taylor 1988b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and for some present-day calloporids, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A74FFAB58117C927455D4A0" authority="(Rosso & Taylor, 2002)" authorityName="Rosso & Taylor" authorityYear="2002" baseAuthorityName="Rosso & Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="2002" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Calloporidae" genus="Pyriporoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bathyalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A74FFAB58117C92704CD484" box="[1068,1322,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Pyriporoides bathyalis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A74FFAB59047C9D744DD4A0" author="Rosso, A. & Taylor, P. D." pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="35 - 46" refId="ref25070" refString="Rosso, A. & Taylor, P. D. (2002) A new anascan cheilostome Bryozoan from Iceland deep waters and its uniserial colony growth pattern. Sarsia, 87, 35 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 003648202753631712" type="journal article" year="2002">Rosso & Taylor, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, another uniserial bathyal species, exhibiting a basically cruciform pattern on surfaces larger than those offered by corals. The very rare activation of proximolateral buds in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A74FFAB58327F24711BD74C" authorityName="Rosso & Beuck & Vertino & Sanfilippo & Freiwald" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Canu & Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[1039,1149,511,536]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Teresaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="lineata" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A74FFAB58327F24711BD74C" box="[1039,1149,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">T. lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A254D55A3A74FFAB58B57CDA7195D74C" box="[1160,1267,511,536]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A74FFAB58B57CDA7195D74C" bold="true" box="[1160,1267,511,536]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">n. comb.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
could prevent encounters with zooids of the parental branches, being incidentally used for spreading of the colony towards previously unexplored surfaces or to restore damaged colony portions. The uniserial running habit, apparently more common during the Cretaceous, seems to be infrequent in more recent cribrilinids, as it is known only for the fossil
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A74FFAB5CE27FAA74D2D7FC" box="[223,436,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A74FFAB5CDA7FAA7433D7FC" authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1886" box="[231,341,655,680]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Puellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">Puellina</taxonomicName>
|
||
” catena
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A74FFAB5DFB7FAA773FD7FC" author="Wood, S. V." box="[454,601,655,680]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="10 - 21" refId="ref26354" refString="Wood, S. V. (1844) Descriptive catalogue of the zoophytes of the Crag. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 1, 13 (81), 10 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484409442561" type="journal article" year="1844">Wood, 1844</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), reported from the Pliocene Crag of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F304F4A33A74FFAB58267FAA711DD7FC" box="[1051,1147,655,680]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and for the present-day “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A74FFAB5C9E7F917473D799" authorityName="Rosso & Beuck & Vertino & Sanfilippo & Freiwald" authorityYear="2018" box="[163,277,692,717]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Cribrilina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A74FFAB5C9E7F917473D799" box="[163,277,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Cribrilina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A74FFAB5D157F91773ED798" authority="Harmelin, 1978" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="1978" box="[296,600,692,717]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Cribrilina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="uniserialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A74FFAB5D157F9174F8D799" box="[296,414,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">uniserialis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A74FFAB5D987F91773ED798" author="Harmelin, J. - G." box="[421,600,692,717]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="173 - 192" refId="ref21781" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (1978) Sur quelques cribrimorphes (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) d'Atlantique orientale. Tethys, 8, 173 - 192." type="journal article" year="1978">Harmelin, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the Azores (see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C309E7B83A74FFAB5CFA7FF2719BD15B" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BACB4333A74FFAB5CFA7FF2719BD15B" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A74FFAB5CFA7FF27432D7A4" bold="true" box="[199,340,727,752]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A74FFAB5D5F7FFC7745D7A4" authorityName="Rosso & Beuck & Vertino & Sanfilippo & Freiwald" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Canu & Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[354,547,727,752]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Teresaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="lineata" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A74FFAB5D5F7FFC7745D7A4" box="[354,547,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Teresaspis lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A254D55A3A74FFAB5E177FF277E8D7A4" box="[554,654,727,752]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A74FFAB5E177FF277E8D7A4" bold="true" box="[554,654,727,752]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">n. comb.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is presently known from a restricted sector of the western Atlantic from the GBBS (present paper) to the area immediately north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F304F4A33A74FFAB5F177FD97602D641" box="[810,868,764,789]" name="Cuba" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A74FFAB5F497FD97101D640" author="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S." box="[884,1127,764,789]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="1 - 199" refId="ref20621" refString="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S. (1928) Fossil and Recent Bryozoa of the Gulf of Mexico region. Proceedings of the Unites States National Museum, 72, 1 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.72 - 2710.1" type="journal article" year="1928">Canu & Bassler 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). First reported from
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB19D63A74FFAB59687FD970FAD640" box="[1365,1436,764,788]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.08" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" unit="m" value="708.0">708 m</quantity>
|
||
water depth, the present material, collected between
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB19D63A74FFAB5EF07E3A762DD663" box="[717,843,799,824]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.505" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="6.409999999999999" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" unit="m" value="650.5" valueMax="660.0" valueMin="641.0">641–660 m</quantity>
|
||
, extends the species distribution to a slightly shallower zone. Owing to the considerable size of its zooids and the widespread colony network, which is easily visible with the naked eye, it is unlikely that this species goes unnoticed, but its distribution in deep settings, so far scarcely investigated in the GBBS area, presumably explains the absence of records of this species after its description by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82C9C23A74FFAB58D37EA97584D69C" author="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S." pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="1 - 199" refId="ref20621" refString="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S. (1928) Fossil and Recent Bryozoa of the Gulf of Mexico region. Proceedings of the Unites States National Museum, 72, 1 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.72 - 2710.1" type="journal article" year="1928">Canu & Bassler (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. According to present knowledge,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A74FFAB5E4F7E9477BAD69C" authorityName="Rosso & Beuck & Vertino & Sanfilippo & Freiwald" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Canu & Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[626,732,943,968]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Cribrilinidae" genus="Teresaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="lineata" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A74FFAB5E4F7E9477BAD69C" box="[626,732,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">T. lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A254D55A3A74FFAB5EDA7E8A7628D69C" box="[743,846,943,968]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A74FFAB5EDA7E8A7628D69C" bold="true" box="[743,846,943,968]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">n. comb.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
seems to be associated with deep-water corals, but although particularly abundant on them (especially
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A74FFAB5EF77EF17612D6B9" box="[714,884,980,1005]" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Enallopsammia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A74FFAB5EF77EF17612D6B9" box="[714,884,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Enallopsammia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) it also colonises the skeletons of other organisms including bryozoans, brachiopods, barnacles, foraminifera and the spicules of the sponge
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C13CFB03A74FFAB58617ED27191D144" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1858" box="[1116,1271,1015,1040]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Aphrocallistidae" genus="Aphrocallistes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96768213A74FFAB58617ED27191D144" box="[1116,1271,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Aphrocallistes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |