130 lines
14 KiB
XML
130 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document id="1A73932881D321A4791843AC9FA0248E" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090(2001)263<0003:TMOPFG>2.0.CO;2" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5378847" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630286559541" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="VOSS, ROBERT S., LUNDE, DARRIN P. & SIMMONS, NANCY B." docDate="2001" docId="03B69D69FFF1371D84DDFF4EFDFEFCEE" docLanguage="en" docName="B263-0003.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2001 (263)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/0003-0090%282001%29263%3C0003%3ATMOPFG%3E2.0.CO%3B2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2B34016C1EBFE58B07368F9517618743.3:BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.journal_article.0cover.type1" docStyleId="2B34016C1EBFE58B07368F9517618743" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.journal_article.0cover.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Choloepus didactylus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="FF8FE511FFCE375D863EFF99FFA9FFE9" masterDocTitle="The Mammals Of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical Lowland Rainforest Fauna Part 2. Nonvolant Species" masterLastPageNumber="236" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="64" updateTime="1699214748838" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="FC21C045E470DE63169DDCB8A51DD9B0">
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<mods:title id="077238A354858FED5DA159187790689C">The Mammals Of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical Lowland Rainforest Fauna Part 2. Nonvolant Species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="62F576B440D2251722B5E6B27C3A333D">VOSS, ROBERT S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="FD64AF44441C850E603B94E79E1C07CB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EB29A4C4735C2756F78173190A183387">LUNDE, DARRIN P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="E678B134011A04B932D36D36660AFFEE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9F24F7CDED8D0194D9E9CFF2FA9F6E86">SIMMONS, NANCY B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FC222DAB3EF87AF625BC6FF25B7813CE">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A4B83EC67558E1AFFB294230BCD7118B">
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<mods:date id="AF6D03A55E0752BEAB7DC6D695F23364">2001</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F6FA62099C61821D6BCC58F2AC297AD9">2001-06-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3574346F1AF8D10731E918E01CD7B325">2001</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3A97445843C9C16CDE0D86FC38C17968">263</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="A7DF8945B28DFBE080D5E879BF106B45">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B4EB9DFE1975D45212BC14E47C9CE76E" type="DOI">10.1206/0003-0090(2001)263<0003:TMOPFG>2.0.CO;2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="301F9E000A003546D020DAC41F7880DE" type="ISSN">0003-0090</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BF9D103CD7CA0F64972EB21C5FEF1C27" type="Zenodo-Dep">5378847</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B69D69FFF1371D84DDFF4EFDFEFCEE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5465277" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5465277" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B69D69FFF1371D84DDFF4EFDFEFCEE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B69D69FFF1371D84DDFF4EFDFEFCEE" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<subSubSection id="C3057FF4FFF1376284DDFF4EFBD4FED5" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA02C7FFFF1376284DDFF4EFBC0FF04" blockId="63.[739,1129,214,238]" box="[739,1129,214,238]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<heading id="D0E89B13FFF1376284DDFF4EFBC0FF04" box="[739,1129,214,238]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F57FCFFF1376284DDFF4EFBC0FF04" ID-CoL="5XYGW" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[739,1129,214,238]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="didactylus">
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<emphasis id="B96BF06DFFF1376284DDFF4EFC48FF07" box="[739,993,215,238]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Choloepus didactylus</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA02C7FFFF137628485FE91FBD4FED5" blockId="63.[670,1198,264,1763]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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VOUCHER MATERIAL: AMNH 265952, MNHN 1995.952. Total =
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<specimenCount id="9D19E7F6FFF1376285DAFEBCFBD0FED5" box="[996,1145,293,316]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3057FF4FFF1371D8485FEDBFDFEFCEE" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA02C7FFFF137628485FEDBFC08FAAD" blockId="63.[670,1198,264,1763]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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IDENTIFICATION: Although the specieslevel taxonomy of twotoed sloths, genus
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<emphasis id="B96BF06DFFF137628252FEF9FD40FE7D" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F57FCFFF137628252FEF9FD4CFE7D" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Choloepus</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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has never been formally revised, two species are consistently recognized in modern synoptic treatments of edentate classification (e.g., Wetzel and ÁvilaPires, 1980; Wetzel, 1982, 1985); of these, only
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F57FCFFF13762825BFE6AFD56FDCE" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="didactylus">
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<emphasis id="B96BF06DFFF13762825BFE6AFD56FDCE" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">C. didactylus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is known to occur in the
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<collectingCountry id="F3086CEFFFF137628264FD89FB07FDCE" box="[1114,1198,528,551]" name="Guyana" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Guiana</collectingCountry>
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subregion of Amazonia. Our voucher material conforms with the brief description of topotypic specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F57FCFFF1376285F9FDF1FBCEFD96" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[967,1127,616,639]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="didactylus">
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<emphasis id="B96BF06DFFF1376285F9FDF1FBCEFD96" box="[967,1127,616,639]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">C. didactylus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="F3086CEFFFF1376284A0FD1CFCA8FD75" box="[670,769,645,668]" name="Suriname" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Surinam</collectingCountry>
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provided by Husson (1978), and with the cranial diagnosis of this species provided by Wetzel (1985). However, the fur on the throat of our adult female specimen (AMNH 265952) is distinctly paler and shorter than the pectoral fur, a pelage trait that Wetzel regarded as diagnostic of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F57FCFFF13762826BFCAFFD4EFC82" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1858" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoffmanni">
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<emphasis id="B96BF06DFFF13762826BFCAFFD4EFC82" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">C. hoffmanni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(from western Amazonia and Central America). The throat fur of our juvenile male (MNHN 1995.952) is likewise paler than the chest fur, but the contrast is less marked than in the adult female. For comparison with Surinamese topotypes measured by Husson (1978: table 38), external measurements of our adult female voucher were 698 Χ 12 Χ 164 Χ
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<quantity id="4CE7819AFFF1376284C7FBD9FCFBFBBE" box="[761,850,1088,1111]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="29.0">29 mm</quantity>
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, and it weighed
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<quantity id="4CE7819AFFF13762821BFBD9FBDEFBBE" box="[1061,1143,1088,1111]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.3" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="kg" value="7.3">7.3 kg</quantity>
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. Selected cranial measurements of this specimen are: condylobasal length (‘‘greatest length of skull’’),
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<quantity id="4CE7819AFFF13762853DFB00FC29FB59" box="[771,896,1177,1200]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.191" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="119.1">119.1 mm</quantity>
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; zygomatic breadth, 73.0 mm; interorbital constriction,
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<quantity id="4CE7819AFFF137628233FB2EFBD7FB27" box="[1037,1150,1207,1230]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.63" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="36.3">36.3 mm</quantity>
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; alveolar length of maxillary toothrow,
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<quantity id="4CE7819AFFF137628245FB4DFD66FAE0" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.45" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="44.5">44.5 mm</quantity>
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. The ratio of the minimal to the maximal interpterygoid width (after Wetzel, 1985) in this specimen is 0.49.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA02C7FFFF1371D8485FAD2FDFEFCEE" blockId="63.[670,1198,264,1763]" lastBlockId="64.[109,638,195,775]" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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FIELD OBSERVATIONS: Twotoed sloths are probably common at Paracou. P. Petronelli (personal commun., 1993) estimated that the species is sighted by forestry workers about five or six times a year in our study area, a reasonably high frequency given its cryptic appearance and inconspicuous habits. Of five sightings by inventory personnel from 1991 to 1994, four were nocturnal and one was diurnal: (1) RSV found a lactating female and a juvenile male (the vouchers described above) hanging together motionless in subcanopy vegetation (ca.
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<quantity id="4CE7819AFFF1376285EDF937FBB5F92C" box="[979,1052,1710,1733]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
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above the ground) in welldrained primary forest at 20: 15 hours on
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<date id="FFA10ABFFF8E371D8738FF5AFE0FFF33" box="[262,422,195,218]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="1991-07-30">30 July 1991</date>
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. (2) RSV found a large adult of undetermined sex descending a tree headfirst (probably to defecate) in welldrained primary forest at ca. 23:00 hours on
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<date id="FFA10ABFFF8E371D86D4FEA1FE00FEA6" box="[234,425,312,335]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="1991-08-06">6 August 1991</date>
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; the animal was about
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<quantity id="4CE7819AFF8E371D8684FECFFF45FE84" box="[186,236,342,365]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
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above the ground and remained motionless throughout the encounter (about 10 min), even when touched; its eyeshine was very faint. (3) RSV saw another solitary adult of unknown sex sleeping suspended from a liana ca.
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<quantity id="4CE7819AFF8E371D8710FE71FEF5FE16" box="[302,348,488,511]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
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above the ground in old secondary growth at 02:00 hours on
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<date id="FFA10ABFFF8E371D8418FD9FFF02FDD3" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="1993-07-31">31 July 1993</date>
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. (4) L. H. Emmons saw a solitary animal of unknown sex climbing rapidly about
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<quantity id="4CE7819AFF8E371D8653FDC7FF05FD9C" box="[109,172,606,629]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
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above the ground in welldrained primary forest at 10:15 hours on
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<date id="FFA10ABFFF8E371D87E5FDE2FF02FD46" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="1994-09-24">24 September 1994</date>
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. (5) L. H. Emmons found an adult of unknown sex hanging motionless under a branch about
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<quantity id="4CE7819AFF8E371D8735FD4AFEEFFD03" box="[267,326,723,746]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
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above a stream in primary forest at 20:21 hours on
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<date id="FFA10ABFFF8E371D87A8FD69FDFDFCEE" box="[406,596,752,775]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="1994-10-05">5 October 1994</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |