318 lines
31 KiB
XML
318 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.272951" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272951" ID-ZooBank="6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B" checkinTime="1484409208030" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van, Rob W. M." docDate="2017" docId="03A80010770BFFF2FF14A430922FFACF" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4217.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@5ce3343f" docStyleName="zootaxa.2013.monograph" docTitle="Geodia gibberosa Lamarck 1815" docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="95" masterDocId="FF9178687757FFACFF83A36B907DFF9A" masterDocTitle="Sponges of the Guyana Shelf" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="93" updateTime="1645784257244" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Sponges of the Guyana Shelf</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>225</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.272951</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">272951</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698642" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127419932" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698642" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A80010770BFFF2FF14A430922FFACF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A80010770BFFF2FF14A430922FFACF" lastPageId="94" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
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<subSubSection pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="92.[151,558,1883,1943]" box="[151,558,1883,1909]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,558,1883,1909]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName authority="Lamarck, 1815" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1815" box="[151,558,1883,1909]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gibberosa">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,558,1883,1909]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,362,1883,1909]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Geodia gibberosa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Lamarck" box="[369,558,1883,1909]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" refString="Lamarck, J. B. P. De Monet, Comte De (1815) [1814]. Suite des polypiers empates. Memoires du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 1, 69 - 80, 162 - 168, 331 - 340." type="journal article" year="1815">Lamarck, 1815</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="92.[151,558,1883,1943]" box="[151,310,1918,1943]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
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<figureCitation box="[151,269,1918,1943]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,578,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[151,1436,578,1925]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 58. Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9795 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, ortho / plagiotriaene, c 1, cladome of ortho / plagiotriaene, d, cortical short oxea, d 1, details of d, e, sterraster, e 1, detail of surface of e, f, oxyaster, g, various shapes of spheroxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273009/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Figures 58</figureCitation>
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a–g
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="92.[151,373,1990,2012]" lastBlockId="93.[151,1436,152,204]" lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
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Restricted synonymy:
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<taxonomicName authority="Lamarck, 1815: 334" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="334" authorityYear="1815" box="[151,556,152,174]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gibberosa">
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<emphasis box="[151,335,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Geodia gibberosa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Lamarck" box="[343,503,152,174]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" refString="Lamarck, J. B. P. De Monet, Comte De (1815) [1814]. Suite des polypiers empates. Memoires du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 1, 69 - 80, 162 - 168, 331 - 340." type="journal article" year="1815">Lamarck, 1815</bibRefCitation>
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: 334
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Topsent" box="[569,713,152,174]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" refString="Topsent, E. (1931) [1930] Eponges de Lamarck conservees au Museum de Paris. Archives du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, (6) 5, 1 - 56," type="journal article" year="1931">Topsent 1931</bibRefCitation>
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: 3, pl. I fig. 1;
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<bibRefCitation author="Cardenas" box="[876,1096,152,174]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" refString="Cardenas, P., Menegola, C., Rapp, H. T. & Diaz, M. C. (2009) Morphological description and DNA barcodes of shallow-water Tetractinellida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Bocas del Toro, Panama, with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 2276, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="2009">
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Cárdenas
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<emphasis box="[980,1033,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">et al.</emphasis>
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2009
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 28, in part (only
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<typeStatus box="[1288,1332,153,174]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">type</typeStatus>
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specimen redescription and illustrations thereof).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="93.[151,1437,249,526]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726241" collectingDate="1970-08-26" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Guyana" elevation="76" latitude="6.7333" location="Guyana" longLatPrecision="551" longitude="-52.75" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" specimenCount="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,384,249,274]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<collectionCode box="[391,475,250,273]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">RMNH</collectionCode>
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Por. 9795, French
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<collectingCountry box="[689,779,249,273]" name="Guyana" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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, ‘Luymes’
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<collectingCountry box="[906,993,249,273]" name="Guyana" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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Shelf Expedition, station 14,
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<geoCoordinate box="[1328,1436,249,274]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" precision="5" value="6.7333">6.7333°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate box="[151,252,285,310]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" precision="555" value="-52.75">52.75°W</geoCoordinate>
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, depth
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<quantity box="[336,397,285,310]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="m" value="76.0">
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<elevation box="[336,397,285,310]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="m" value="76.0">76 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, bottom muddy calcareous sand,
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<collectingDate box="[781,967,285,310]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="1970-08-26">
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<date box="[781,967,285,310]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="1970-08-26">26 August 1970</date>
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</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726234" collectingDate="1966-05-10" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Snellius O. C. P. S." country="Suriname" elevation="68" latitude="7.26" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="555" longitude="-56.6667" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" specimenCount="1">
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<collectionCode box="[981,1065,286,309]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">RMNH</collectionCode>
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Por. 10508,
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<collectingCountry box="[1213,1323,285,310]" name="Suriname" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Suriname</collectingCountry>
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, ‘
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<collectorName pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Snellius O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
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’
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<collectingCountry box="[262,349,321,345]" name="Guyana" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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Shelf Expedition, station G56,
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<geoCoordinate box="[703,784,321,346]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" precision="555" value="7.26">7.26°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate box="[791,919,321,346]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" precision="5" value="-56.6667">56.6667°W</geoCoordinate>
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, depth
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<quantity box="[1000,1101,321,346]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="m" value="67.5" valueMax="68.0" valueMin="67.0">
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<elevation box="[1000,1101,321,346]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="m" value="67.5" valueMax="68.0" valueMin="67.0">67–68 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, Agassiz trawl,
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<date box="[1280,1432,321,346]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="1966-05-10">
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<collectingDate box="[1280,1432,321,346]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="1966-05-10">10 May 1966</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="94" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="93.[151,1437,249,526]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,357,382]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Description.</emphasis>
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(
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||
<figureCitation box="[361,444,357,382]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,578,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[151,1436,578,1925]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 58. Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9795 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, ortho / plagiotriaene, c 1, cladome of ortho / plagiotriaene, d, cortical short oxea, d 1, details of d, e, sterraster, e 1, detail of surface of e, f, oxyaster, g, various shapes of spheroxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273009/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
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a) Irregular-lobate individuals, one larger, 13 x 7
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<date box="[1006,1043,357,382]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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x
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||
<quantity box="[1029,1043,357,382]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="cm" value="6.0">6</quantity>
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||
</date>
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cm, the other 3
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||
<date box="[1232,1269,358,382]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">x 2</date>
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<date box="[1277,1314,358,382]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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x
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||
<quantity box="[1300,1314,358,382]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="cm" value="2.0">2</quantity>
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</date>
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cm. Color light beige (in alcohol), slightly darker inside, with smooth surface. Small oscula grouped in a sieveplate on top of a lobe in the larger individual. Consistency hard.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="93.[151,1437,249,526]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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Several CREOCEAN specimens of this species were larger (up to
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<quantity box="[974,1046,465,489]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="cm" value="40.0">40 cm</quantity>
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high and wide) and more lobateirregular, with larger sieveplates. On-deck photos show they are greyish white in life.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273009/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" targetBox="[151,1436,578,1925]" targetPageId="93">
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||
<paragraph blockId="93.[151,1436,1946,2030]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,291,1946,1968]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">FIGURE 58.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Lamarck, 1815" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1815" box="[300,654,1946,1968]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gibberosa">
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<emphasis box="[300,486,1946,1968]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Geodia gibberosa</emphasis>
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Lamarck, 1815
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</taxonomicName>
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, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9795 (scale bar = 1 cm), b–g, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b1, details of b, c, ortho/plagiotriaene, c1, cladome of ortho/plagiotriaene, d, cortical short oxea, d1, details of d, e, sterraster, e1, detail of surface of e, f, oxyaster, g, various shapes of spheroxyasters.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="94.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,309,151,176]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Skeleton.</emphasis>
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Cortical region approximately
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<quantity box="[678,747,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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in thickness, consisting of a layer of sterrasters and small spheroxyasters carried by the cladomes of subcortical ortho/plagiotriaenes. Small oxeas are scattered among the sterrasters and large oxeas penetrate the cortex, and make up the main mass of the pulpy choanosome, where also the large oxyasters are scattered.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="94.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,304,295,320]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Spicules.</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[333,432,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,578,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[151,1436,578,1925]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 58. Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9795 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, ortho / plagiotriaene, c 1, cladome of ortho / plagiotriaene, d, cortical short oxea, d 1, details of d, e, sterraster, e 1, detail of surface of e, f, oxyaster, g, various shapes of spheroxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273009/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Figs 58</figureCitation>
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b–g) Large oxeas, ortho/plagiotriaenes, small oxeas, sterrasters, acanthoxyasters, acanthospheroxyasters.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="94.[151,1437,151,1365]" box="[199,1293,367,392]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
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Large oxeas (
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<figureCitation box="[349,438,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,578,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[151,1436,578,1925]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 58. Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9795 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, ortho / plagiotriaene, c 1, cladome of ortho / plagiotriaene, d, cortical short oxea, d 1, details of d, e, sterraster, e 1, detail of surface of e, f, oxyaster, g, various shapes of spheroxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273009/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Figs 58</figureCitation>
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||
b,b1), fusiform, straight or slightly curved, 636–
|
||
<date box="[975,1101,368,392]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="1099" valueMax="1320">
|
||
<emphasis box="[975,1031,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">1099</emphasis>
|
||
–1320
|
||
</date>
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||
<date box="[1108,1241,368,392]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="1939-10-12" valueMax="1939-10-28" valueMin="1939-10-12">
|
||
x 12–
|
||
<emphasis box="[1171,1199,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">28</emphasis>
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–39
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</date>
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µm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="94.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
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Ortho/plagiotriaenes (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[446,538,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,578,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[151,1436,578,1925]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 58. Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9795 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, ortho / plagiotriaene, c 1, cladome of ortho / plagiotriaene, d, cortical short oxea, d 1, details of d, e, sterraster, e 1, detail of surface of e, f, oxyaster, g, various shapes of spheroxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273009/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Figs 58</figureCitation>
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c,c1), with straight cladomes tapering to rather abrupt endings, with conical to fusiform cladi set out at a low angle, occasionally truly at right angles, thus varying between plagiotriaene and orthotriaene shapes; rhabdome lengths variable, but not divisible in two distinct categories; rhabdomes 402–
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||
<emphasis box="[207,249,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">774</emphasis>
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||
–952
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||
<date box="[312,359,512,536]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="1918-10">x 18</date>
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||
–
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||
<emphasis box="[375,424,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">32.5</emphasis>
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||
–54 µm, cladomes 117–
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||
<emphasis box="[692,732,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">211</emphasis>
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||
–276 µm, cladi 68–
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||
<emphasis box="[950,988,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">114</emphasis>
|
||
–156
|
||
<date box="[1053,1101,512,536]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="2013-10">x 13</date>
|
||
–
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||
<emphasis box="[1116,1165,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">24.5</emphasis>
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–41 µm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="94.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
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Small cortical oxeas (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[442,530,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,578,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[151,1436,578,1925]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 58. Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9795 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, ortho / plagiotriaene, c 1, cladome of ortho / plagiotriaene, d, cortical short oxea, d 1, details of d, e, sterraster, e 1, detail of surface of e, f, oxyaster, g, various shapes of spheroxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273009/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Figs 58</figureCitation>
|
||
d,d1), occasionally inequiended, one end being bluntly rounded the other sharply pointed, 155–
|
||
<emphasis box="[305,347,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">220</emphasis>
|
||
–278
|
||
<date box="[409,443,584,608]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">x 4</date>
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis box="[459,494,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">6.2</emphasis>
|
||
–9 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="94.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
|
||
Sterrasters (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[336,429,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,578,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[151,1436,578,1925]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 58. Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9795 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, ortho / plagiotriaene, c 1, cladome of ortho / plagiotriaene, d, cortical short oxea, d 1, details of d, e, sterraster, e 1, detail of surface of e, f, oxyaster, g, various shapes of spheroxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273009/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Figs 58</figureCitation>
|
||
e,e1), round, closely similar in size in both samples, 57–
|
||
<emphasis box="[1092,1141,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">66.8</emphasis>
|
||
–74 µm. The rosettes are smooth and have 6–8 conical rays.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="94.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
|
||
Oxyasters (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[327,409,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,578,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[151,1436,578,1925]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 58. Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9795 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, ortho / plagiotriaene, c 1, cladome of ortho / plagiotriaene, d, cortical short oxea, d 1, details of d, e, sterraster, e 1, detail of surface of e, f, oxyaster, g, various shapes of spheroxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273009/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
|
||
f), rays lightly spined, smooth near the center of the spicule; length of rays variable, but no clear subdivision is apparent; diameters between the two samples slightly different, 15–30 µm in
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1232,1316,728,751]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">RMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
Por. 9795, 12–18 µm in
|
||
<collectionCode box="[301,385,765,788]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">RMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
Por. 10508, overall 12–
|
||
<emphasis box="[654,703,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">16.2</emphasis>
|
||
–30 µm; ray numbers variable between 6 and 11.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="94.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
|
||
Spheroxyasters (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[390,483,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,578,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[151,1436,578,1925]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 58. Geodia gibberosa Lamarck, 1815, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9795 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, ortho / plagiotriaene, c 1, cladome of ortho / plagiotriaene, d, cortical short oxea, d 1, details of d, e, sterraster, e 1, detail of surface of e, f, oxyaster, g, various shapes of spheroxyasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273009/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
|
||
Figs
|
||
<quantity box="[453,483,799,824]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.8" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" unit="g" value="58.0">58</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
g), with blunt-ending conical rays, with spines concentrated near the ray apices, smooth near the center, shape often irregular; diameters 4–
|
||
<emphasis box="[808,843,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">5.8</emphasis>
|
||
–8 µm, ray number 8–12.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="94.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,509,871,896]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[521,608,872,896]" name="Guyana" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shelf, Greater Caribbean, Carolinian region and NE
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1247,1318,871,896]" name="Brazil" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, on reefs, mangroves and sand bottoms, from shallow-waters down to
|
||
<quantity box="[840,912,908,932]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
|
||
depth (Guyanan and CREOCEAN specimens
|
||
<quantity box="[151,253,943,968]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" metricValueMax="7.7" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" unit="m" value="72.0" valueMax="77.0" valueMin="67.0">67–77 m</quantity>
|
||
), but revision is necessary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="94.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,980,1005]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This is a common
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[530,613,980,1005]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Central" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[620,675,981,1004]" country="Tanzania" name="Mjini Magharibi" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">West</collectingRegion>
|
||
Atlantic species. For a redescription of the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1168,1219,981,1005]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, the synonymy and further discussion see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cardenas" box="[412,656,1015,1040]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refString="Cardenas, P., Menegola, C., Rapp, H. T. & Diaz, M. C. (2009) Morphological description and DNA barcodes of shallow-water Tetractinellida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Bocas del Toro, Panama, with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 2276, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Cárdenas
|
||
<emphasis box="[526,587,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. These authors assigned mangrove specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1263,1352,1016,1039]" name="Panama" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1263,1352,1016,1039]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Panama</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
to this species, but later on,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cardenas" box="[395,630,1052,1077]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refString="Cardenas, P., Xavier, J. A., Reveillaud, J., Schander, C. & Rapp, H. T. (2011) Molecular phylogeny of the Astrophorida (Porifera, Demospongiae) reveals an unexpected hight level of spicule homoplasy. PLOS ONE, 6 (4), e 18318. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0018318" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Cárdenas
|
||
<emphasis box="[508,567,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(p. 9) reassigned their identification to
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Bowerbank, 1872" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1872" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tumulosa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1087,1282,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Geodia tumulosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bowerbank" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1872) Contributions to a general history of the Spongiadae. Part III. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1872, 626 - 635." type="proceedings paper" year="1872">Bowerbank, 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For that reason, I restricted the references to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[770,916,1087,1112]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gibberosa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[770,916,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">G. gibberosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
above to only the certain citations, pending additional revisions of specimens assigned to it. Anatriaenes were searched for, but not found. The
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1331,1432,1124,1149]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, collected off French
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[393,480,1160,1184]" name="Guyana" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lamarck" box="[498,670,1159,1184]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refString="Lamarck, J. B. P. De Monet, Comte De (1815) [1814]. Suite des polypiers empates. Memoires du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 1, 69 - 80, 162 - 168, 331 - 340." type="journal article" year="1815">Lamarck 1815</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 333;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Topsent" box="[744,903,1160,1184]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refString="Topsent, E. (1931) [1930] Eponges de Lamarck conservees au Museum de Paris. Archives du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, (6) 5, 1 - 56," type="journal article" year="1931">Topsent 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 3;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cardenas" box="[949,1193,1159,1184]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refString="Cardenas, P., Menegola, C., Rapp, H. T. & Diaz, M. C. (2009) Morphological description and DNA barcodes of shallow-water Tetractinellida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Bocas del Toro, Panama, with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 2276, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Cárdenas
|
||
<emphasis box="[1063,1123,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 28), apparently also lacked anatriaenes. Other specimens are reported to have a few of these spicules, but it appears to be an unstable element.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="94.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
|
||
The large depth range of the species, from shallow-water (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rutzler" box="[867,1084,1268,1293]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refString="Rutzler, K., Piantoni, C., Van Soest, R. W. M. & Diaz, M. C. (2014) Diversity of sponges (Porifera) from cryptic habitats on the Belize barrier reef near Carrie Bow Cay. Zootaxa, 3805 (1), 1 - 129. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3805.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Rützler
|
||
<emphasis box="[960,1018,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) down to
|
||
<quantity box="[1202,1275,1268,1292]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Van" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. & Stentoft, N. (1988) Barbados Deep-Water Sponges. In: Hummelinck, P. W. & Van der Steen, L. J. (Eds.), Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. No. 122. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 70 (215), 1 - 175. Avaliable from: http: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / document / 549872 (Accessed 11 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="1988">Van Soest & Stentoft 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is bridged by the present records from
|
||
<quantity box="[752,851,1303,1328]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" metricValueMax="7.7" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" unit="m" value="72.0" valueMax="77.0" valueMin="67.0">67–77 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, but as said above, revision of assignments of specimens to this species are necessary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |