303 lines
39 KiB
XML
303 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="AB45E207743BE744A8858FA7C3CCED41" ID-CLB-Dataset="3021" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5081.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b96aa772-0701-4b75-a308-f3ff755bb749" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5769323" ID-ZooBank="F4BE101A-30D3-43BA-B468-CF4A6ED59496" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1639038973822" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zeidler, Wolfgang" docDate="2021" docId="038F19445869FFAE829D1CFFFA51F887" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5081.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5081 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Lycaeidae Claus 1879" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="FFB6613C586BFFAD820A1A39FFCDFFB6" masterDocTitle="Review of the hyperiidean amphipod family Lycaeidae Claus, 1879 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea)" masterLastPageNumber="59" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1699472199594" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="370A4C3D15B3E4BA9D6C69B5EC29BB87">Review of the hyperiidean amphipod family Lycaeidae Claus, 1879 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E87DBBB4D2330FBB7C6A354E437F4398">Zeidler, Wolfgang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C0E6F61C93E0AD81ECBAED472E64E809">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F4330E762691D07CD96209C100036BC9">
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<mods:date id="0B3AF900AC58CC608D3BA2AFA38FD30D">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5725654B944223BB2525214AB8A53931">2021-12-09</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="23140BB4135E03FE5AA876DCAB8DEC5C">5081</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D567207CEB93793D8387A328EF434BB7" type="GBIF-Dataset">b96aa772-0701-4b75-a308-f3ff755bb749</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038F19445869FFAE829D1CFFFA51F887" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5770160" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191261824" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5770160" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F19445869FFAE829D1CFFFA51F887" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F19445869FFAE829D1CFFFA51F887" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="C33CFBD95869FFAF829D1CFFFDF0F956" box="[151,573,1734,1760]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B99A8525869FFAF829D1CFFFDF0F956" blockId="2.[151,573,1734,1760]" box="[151,573,1734,1760]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D0D11F3E5869FFAF829D1CFFFDF0F956" bold="true" box="[151,573,1734,1760]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B95274405869FFAF829D1CFFFDF0F956" bold="true" box="[151,573,1734,1760]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15869FFAF82FD1CFFFDF0F956" ID-CoL="7NJKR" authority="Claus, 1879" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1879" box="[247,573,1734,1760]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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LYCAEIDAE
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D5A35869FFAF83A11CFFFDF0F956" author="Claus, C." box="[427,573,1734,1760]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref38307" refString="Claus, C. (1879) Die Gattungen und Arten der Platysceliden in Systematischer Ubersicht. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institut der Universitat zu Wien und der Zoologischen Station Triest, 2, 1 - 52 (147 - 198)." type="journal article" year="1879">Claus, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33CFBD95869FFAE829D1D37FA88FE43" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B99A8525869FFAE829D1D37FA88FE43" blockId="2.[151,1436,1806,2013]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,1581]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B95274405869FFAF829D1D37FEDFF89E" bold="true" box="[151,274,1806,1832]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Body length
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<quantity id="4CDE05B75869FFAF83A71D37FDD1F89F" box="[429,540,1806,1833]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="5.0">5–16 mm</quantity>
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, with slightly inflated pereon, especially in females. Head of females rounded, relatively large; slightly smaller in males but also rounded (
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15869FFAF81361D0AFC41F8FA" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1852" box="[828,908,1843,1868]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" genus="Lycaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95274405869FFAF81361D0AFC41F8FA" box="[828,908,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Lycaea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) or slightly pointed (
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15869FFAF86741D0AFAFFF8FB" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1888" box="[1150,1330,1843,1869]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" genus="Simorhynchotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95274405869FFAF86741D0AFAFFF8FB" box="[1150,1330,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Simorhynchotus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); as long as first 3–5 pereonites. Eyes large, occupying most of head surface. A1 of females with 2-articulate peduncle, and enlarged first flagellar article (callynophore), followed by two small, terminal articles.A1 of males with 2-articulate peduncle, and enlarged, curved first flagellar article (callynophore) with two-field brush of aesthetascs medially, and three smaller, slender articles inserted on, or near, antero-distal corner. A2 absent in females. A2 of males with relatively short, slightly enlarged basal article, three slender articles folded back on one another and one short terminal article, tucked underneath head and pereon, between the pereopods. Mandibles with 3-articulated palp in males, absent in females. Maxillae 1 very reduced in size, consisting of tiny rounded lobes, or absent. Maxillae 2 absent. Coxae 1–6 not fused with pereonites, although suture with pereonites very faint or difficult to discern. Coxa of P7 seems to be fused with the pereonite. G1 and G2 simple, weakly chelate or sub-chelate. P5 the longest. P5 and P6 often with moderately enlarged basis, distinctly shorter than remaining articles combined, which are inserted terminally. P7 reduced in size, with full complement of articles, basis enlarged, longer than remaining articles combined. U1 usually with articulated rami; endopod rarely fused with peduncle. U2 endopod sometimes fused with peduncle. U3 endopod always fused with peduncle. Telson triangular, apex rounded, usually extending to about limit of U3, fused with double urosomite. Gills with folds on pereonites 2–6. Oostegites on pereonites 2–5.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33CFBD95868FFAE82CD1BC7FAABF99B" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B99A8525868FFAE82CD1BC7FC65FDAF" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1581]" box="[199,936,510,537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE82CD1BC7FEEAFDAE" bold="true" box="[199,295,510,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Genera.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE83241BC6FDCBFDAF" authority="Dana, 1852" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1852" box="[302,518,510,537]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" genus="Lycaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE83241BC6FEB3FDAE" box="[302,382,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lycaea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D5A35868FFAE838F1BC6FDCBFDAF" author="Dana, J. D." box="[389,518,510,537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="297 - 316" refId="ref38544" refString="Dana, J. D. (1852) On the classification of the Crustacea Choristopoda or Tetradecapoda. American Journal of Sciences and Arts, Series 2, 14 (41), 297 - 316." type="journal article" year="1852">Dana, 1852</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE80361BC6FC69FDAF" authority="Stebbing, 1888" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1888" box="[572,932,511,537]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" genus="Simorhynchotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE80361BC6FD3DFDAF" box="[572,752,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Simorhynchotus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D5A35868FFAE80FD1BC6FC69FDAF" author="Stebbing, T. R. R." box="[759,932,511,537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 1737" refId="ref43751" refString="Stebbing, T. R. R. (1888) Report on the Amphipoda collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 29, i - xxiv + 1 - 1737, pls. 1 - 210." type="journal article" year="1888">Stebbing, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B99A8525868FFAE82CD181AFE3EFC7C" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE82CD181AFEF6FD8B" bold="true" box="[199,315,547,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The systematic limits of this family are in a state of flux, with some authors including such diverse genera as
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE831B187EFE60FDD7" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1879" box="[273,429,583,609]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" genus="Pseudolycaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE831B187EFE60FDD7" box="[273,429,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pseudolycaea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE83DB187EFDECFDD6" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1852" box="[465,545,583,608]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" genus="Lycaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE83DB187EFDECFDD6" box="[465,545,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lycaea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE8037187EFD65FDD7" authorityName="Boeck" authorityYear="1871" box="[573,680,583,609]" class="Malacostraca" family="Tryphanidae" genus="Tryphana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE8037187EFD65FDD7" box="[573,680,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tryphana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE80B6187EFC9CFDD7" authorityName="Spence Bate" authorityYear="1861" box="[700,849,583,609]" class="Malacostraca" family="Brachyscelidae" genus="Brachyscelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE80B6187EFC9CFDD7" box="[700,849,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brachyscelus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE819B187EFBC9FDD7" authorityName="Bovallius" authorityYear="1887" box="[913,1028,583,609]" class="Malacostraca" family="Thamneidae" genus="Thamneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE819B187EFBC9FDD7" box="[913,1028,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Thamneus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, besides
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE867F187EFB08FDD6" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1852" box="[1141,1221,583,608]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" genus="Lycaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE867F187EFB08FDD6" box="[1141,1221,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lycaea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D5A35868FFAE871C187EFEE7FD33" author="Bowman, T. E. & Gruner, H. - E." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref37573" refString="Bowman, T. E. & Gruner, H. - E. (1973) The families and genera of Hyperiidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, No. 146, 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.146" type="book chapter" year="1973">Bowman & Gruner 1973</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D5A35868FFAE833D1852FDDCFD33" author="Shih, C. - T. & Chen, Q. - C." box="[311,529,618,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref43293" refString="Shih, C. - T. & Chen, Q. - C. (1995) Zooplankton of China Seas (2) - The Hyperiidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda). China Ocean Press, Beijing, 295 pp." type="book" year="1995">Shih & Chen 1995</bibRefCitation>
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). Authors who have accepted this arrangement usually place
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE86C01852FAB3FD33" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1888" box="[1226,1406,619,645]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" genus="Simorhynchotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE86C01852FAB3FD33" box="[1226,1406,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Simorhynchotus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the family
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE830518B6FE77FD1F" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1852" box="[271,442,655,681]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Oxycephalidae</taxonomicName>
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, based on the erroneous assumption that the maxillae are present in
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE86A418B6FAEDFD1F" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1879" box="[1198,1312,655,681]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lycaeidae</taxonomicName>
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and absent in
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE82BF188AFE90FD7B" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1852" box="[181,349,691,717]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Oxycephalidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE839E188AFD85FD7B" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1888" box="[404,584,691,717]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" genus="Simorhynchotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE839E188AFD85FD7B" box="[404,584,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Simorhynchotus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. While the maxillae are not discernible in
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE8623188AFB10FD7B" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1888" box="[1065,1245,691,717]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" genus="Simorhynchotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE8623188AFB10FD7B" box="[1065,1245,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Simorhynchotus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, this is also only true for two genera of
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE838718EEFDF4FD47" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1852" box="[397,569,727,753]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Oxycephalidae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE804818EEFD1EFD47" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1830" box="[578,723,727,753]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Oxycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE804818EEFD1EFD47" box="[578,723,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Oxycephalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE810D18EEFC54FD47" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1847" box="[775,921,727,753]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Rhabdosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE810D18EEFC54FD47" box="[775,921,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Rhabdosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In all other genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE869818EEFAF0FD47" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1852" box="[1170,1341,727,753]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Oxycephalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the first maxillae are reduced to a small rounded lobe, and the second maxillae are absent, or so reduced that they cannot be distinguished from the buccal mass, as found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE80B91926FC85FC8F" authorityName="Spence Bate" authorityYear="1861" box="[691,840,799,825]" class="Malacostraca" family="Brachyscelidae" genus="Brachyscelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE80B91926FC85FC8F" box="[691,840,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brachyscelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE81751926FC02FC8E" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1852" box="[895,975,799,824]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" genus="Lycaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE81751926FC02FC8E" box="[895,975,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lycaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, there is no valid reason to include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE829D197AFE86FCEB" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,331,835,861]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" genus="Simorhynchotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE829D197AFE86FCEB" box="[151,331,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Simorhynchotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE83E3197AFD5CFCEB" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1852" box="[489,657,835,861]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Oxycephalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the absence of maxillae. The same applies to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE86F5197AFA4FFCEB" authorityName="Stephensen" authorityYear="1925" box="[1279,1410,835,861]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" genus="Metalycaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE86F5197AFA4FFCEB" box="[1279,1410,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Metalycaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE8363195EFE74FC36" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1852" box="[361,441,871,896]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" genus="Lycaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE8363195EFE74FC36" box="[361,441,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lycaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D5A35868FFAE801A195EFD5FFC37" author="Nair, K. K. C." box="[528,658,871,897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1171 - 1176" refId="ref42513" refString="Nair, K. K. C. (1993) Metalycaea globosa Stephensen, a valid species of Oxycephalidae (Amphipoda, Hyperiidea). Journal of Plankton Research, 15 (10), 1171 - 1176. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / plankt / 15.10.1171" type="journal article" year="1993">Nair (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
resurrected as a valid genus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE81E0195EFB5FFC37" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1852" box="[1002,1170,871,897]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Oxycephalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the absence of maxillae. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE832E19B2FE5AFC13" authorityName="Bovallius" authorityYear="1887" box="[292,407,907,933]" class="Malacostraca" family="Thamneidae" genus="Thamneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE832E19B2FE5AFC13" box="[292,407,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Thamneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the maxillae are present as small rounded lobes and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE860C19B2FBBCFC13" authorityName="Boeck" authorityYear="1871" box="[1030,1137,907,933]" class="Malacostraca" family="Tryphanidae" genus="Tryphana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE860C19B2FBBCFC13" box="[1030,1137,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tryphana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the maxillae are relatively well developed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D5A35868FFAE835A1996FE2AFC7C" author="Zeidler, W." box="[336,487,943,970]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 136" refId="ref45593" refString="Zeidler, W. (2016) A review of the families and genera of the superfamily PLATYSCELOIDEA Bowman & Gruner, 1973 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea), together with keys to the families, genera and species. Zootaxa, 4192 (1), 1 - 136 https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4192.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Zeidler 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99A8525868FFAE82CD19EAFDA3FB5F" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Thus, following the review of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D5A35868FFAE802519EAFD15FC58" author="Zeidler, W." box="[559,728,979,1006]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 136" refId="ref45593" refString="Zeidler, W. (2016) A review of the families and genera of the superfamily PLATYSCELOIDEA Bowman & Gruner, 1973 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea), together with keys to the families, genera and species. Zootaxa, 4192 (1), 1 - 136 https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4192.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Zeidler (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE816319EAFC16FC5B" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1879" box="[873,987,979,1005]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lycaeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted to the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE871319EAFAA4FC5A" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1852" box="[1305,1385,979,1004]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" genus="Lycaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE871319EAFAA4FC5A" box="[1305,1385,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lycaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE829D19CEFE86FBA7" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,331,1015,1041]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" genus="Simorhynchotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE829D19CEFE86FBA7" box="[151,331,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Simorhynchotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE835019CEFDC3FBA7" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1888" box="[346,526,1015,1041]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" genus="Simorhynchotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE835019CEFDC3FBA7" box="[346,526,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Simorhynchotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
more closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE812319CEFCB4FBA6" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1852" box="[809,889,1015,1040]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" genus="Lycaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE812319CEFCB4FBA6" box="[809,889,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lycaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, rather than any genus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE86AF19CEFA9DFBA7" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1852" box="[1189,1360,1015,1041]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Oxycephalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in the general habit and the morphology of A2 of males, and the gnathopods, pereopods, urosome and coxae. Also, in both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE82DB1E06FEECFBEE" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1852" box="[209,289,1087,1112]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" genus="Lycaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE82DB1E06FEECFBEE" box="[209,289,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lycaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE83521E06FDDEFBEF" box="[344,531,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE83521E06FDC2FBEF" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1888" box="[344,527,1087,1113]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" genus="Simorhynchotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simorhynchotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the A2 of males extend posteriorly for almost the entire length of the pereon. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE829D1E5AFEF2FBCB" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1852" box="[151,319,1123,1149]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Oxycephalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
the A2 of males usually extend posteriorly to about pereonite 2, and only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE86BC1E5AFAF3FBCB" authorityName="Bovallius" authorityYear="1887" box="[1206,1342,1123,1149]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Tullbergella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE86BC1E5AFAF3FBCB" box="[1206,1342,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tullbergella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do they extend beyond pereonite 2, to about pereonite 5. Similarly, in other families of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE81F61EBEFB53FB17" authorityName="Spence Bate" authorityYear="1862" box="[1020,1182,1159,1185]" class="Malacostraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Platysceloidea">Platysceloidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
the A2 of males do not extend posteriorly much further than about pereonite 2, except for some genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE864E1E92FB15FB73" authorityName="Spence Bate" authorityYear="1862" box="[1092,1240,1195,1221]" class="Malacostraca" family="Platyscelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platyscelidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE871A1E92FA51FB73" authorityName="Bovallius" authorityYear="1887" box="[1296,1436,1195,1221]" class="Malacostraca" family="Parascelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Parascelidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
where they can extend to pereonite 3 or 4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99A8525868FFAE82CD1ECAFABBFA87" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Clearly the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE839B1ECAFDCEFABB" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1879" box="[401,515,1267,1293]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lycaeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE811C1ECAFC0FFABB" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1852" box="[790,962,1267,1293]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Oxycephalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D5A35868FFAE81C31ECAFB64FABB" author="Browne, W. E. & Haddock, S. H. D. & Martindale, M. Q." box="[969,1193,1267,1293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="815 - 830" refId="ref37627" refString="Browne, W. E., Haddock, S. H. D. & Martindale, M. Q. (2007) Phylogenetic analysis of lineage relationships among hyperiid amphipods as revealed by examination of the mitochondrial gene, cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO 1). Integrative and Comparative Biology, 47 (6), 815 - 830. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / icb / icm 093" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Browne
|
||
<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE862F1ECAFB96FABB" box="[1061,1115,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D5A35868FFAE86D01ECAFA55FABB" author="Hurt, C. & Haddock, S. H. D. & Browne, W. E." box="[1242,1432,1267,1293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="28 - 37" refId="ref41169" refString="Hurt, C., Haddock, S. H. D. & Browne, W. E. (2013) Molecular phylogenetic evidence for the reorganization of the Hyperiid amphipods, a diverse group of pelagic crustaceans. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 67, 28 - 37. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2012.12.021" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Hurt
|
||
<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE871B1ECAFA8DFABB" box="[1297,1344,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, utilising molecular techniques, also found strong support for the inclusion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE81F21F2EFB85FA86" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1852" box="[1016,1096,1303,1328]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" genus="Lycaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE81F21F2EFB85FA86" box="[1016,1096,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lycaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE86CD1F2EFABEFA87" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1852" box="[1223,1395,1303,1329]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Oxycephalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99A8525868FFAE82CD1F02FAABF99B" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
One of the unusual characters of this family is that the coxae are very difficult to discern in preserved specimens. Upon initial observation they seem to be fused with the pereonites or a very faint suture is present. In order to resolve this problem a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE80201FBAFD52FA2B" authorityName="Chevreux" authorityYear="1900" box="[554,671,1411,1437]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" genus="Lycaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bovallii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE80201FBAFD52FA2B" box="[554,671,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. bovallii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was carefully dissected and cleared so that the pereopods remained attached to the pereonites. As a result, I was able to determine that, at least for this species, the coxae of G1 and G2 have a very faint suture, those of P3 and P4 a faint suture, and those of P5 and P6 a slightly more defined suture with the pereonites, while the coxa of P7 is fused with the pereonite and has a small posterior notch where a suture might have been. And this seems to be the condition of the coxae in all other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE862F1C2AFBB8F99A" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1852" box="[1061,1141,1555,1580]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" genus="Lycaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE862F1C2AFBB8F99A" box="[1061,1141,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lycaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE86A11C2AFA92F99B" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1888" box="[1195,1375,1555,1581]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" genus="Simorhynchotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE86A11C2AFA92F99B" box="[1195,1375,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Simorhynchotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSection id="E2A9B1B95868FFAE829D1C46FA51F887" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="key">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33CFBD95868FFAE829D1C46FCAAF92E" box="[151,871,1662,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99A8525868FFAE829D1C46FCAAF92E" blockId="3.[151,871,1662,1689]" box="[151,871,1662,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<heading id="D0D11F3E5868FFAE829D1C46FCAAF92E" bold="true" box="[151,871,1662,1689]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE829D1C46FCAAF92E" bold="true" box="[151,871,1662,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Key to the genera of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE802B1C47FCAAF92E" authority="Claus, 1879" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1879" box="[545,871,1662,1688]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
LYCAEIDAE
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D5A35868FFAE80DF1C47FCAAF92E" author="Claus, C." box="[725,871,1662,1688]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref38307" refString="Claus, C. (1879) Die Gattungen und Arten der Platysceliden in Systematischer Ubersicht. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institut der Universitat zu Wien und der Zoologischen Station Triest, 2, 1 - 52 (147 - 198)." type="journal article" year="1879">Claus, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33CFBD95868FFAE829D1CFDFA51F887" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99A8525868FFAE829D1CFDFA51F941" blockId="3.[151,1436,1732,1842]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
- Gnathopods sub-chelate or simple. Head rounded in both sexes, or with slight anterior knob in some males....................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE86E91CDBFA51F941" ID-CoL="7PCRL" authority="Dana, 1852" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1852" box="[1251,1436,1761,1783]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" genus="Lycaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE86E91CDBFAE5F941" box="[1251,1320,1762,1783]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lycaea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D5A35868FFAE87241CD8FA51F941" author="Dana, J. D." box="[1326,1436,1761,1783]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="297 - 316" refId="ref38544" refString="Dana, J. D. (1852) On the classification of the Crustacea Choristopoda or Tetradecapoda. American Journal of Sciences and Arts, Series 2, 14 (41), 297 - 316." type="journal article" year="1852">Dana, 1852</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99A8525868FFAE829D1CC6FA51F887" blockId="3.[151,1436,1732,1842]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
- Gnathopod 1 simple. Gnathopod 2 sub-chelate. Head rounded in females, slightly produced and pointed in males...................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D3D15868FFAE86611D25FA51F887" ID-CoL="7PZQJ" authority="Stebbing, 1888" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1888" box="[1131,1436,1820,1842]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" genus="Simorhynchotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95274405868FFAE86611D25FAC8F887" box="[1131,1285,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Simorhynchotus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D5A35868FFAE87011D25FA51F887" author="Stebbing, T. R. R." box="[1291,1436,1820,1842]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 1737" refId="ref43751" refString="Stebbing, T. R. R. (1888) Report on the Amphipoda collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 29, i - xxiv + 1 - 1737, pls. 1 - 210." type="journal article" year="1888">Stebbing, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |