259 lines
35 KiB
XML
259 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="5D0CA996C4A275A93A4FF190B02BCE76" ID-CLB-Dataset="27655" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4544.4.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f2295068-0b04-4312-a1af-7e502201d0a8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2618541" ID-ZooBank="367D16CD-8415-4A2B-AD6C-03B4A9519988" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553929997201" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cho, Hee-Wook" docDate="2019" docId="F707879FFFF5FFE57FA95CE4FE9BD8DC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4544.4.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4544 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gonioctena coreana" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="559" masterDocId="0B3EFFE7FFF4FFE77F3E5E13FFFCDB1B" masterDocTitle="Redescription of mature larva and biological notes on the nominotypical subgenus Gonioctena Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) from South Korea" masterLastPageNumber="571" masterPageNumber="557" pageNumber="558" updateTime="1698715810163" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D22010849D58256690CB2DE73C5BD41C">Redescription of mature larva and biological notes on the nominotypical subgenus Gonioctena Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) from South Korea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7EB7F77F1192922AB62E4CB8CF463BB2">Cho, Hee-Wook</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="15C878334A28A8E178D49242BADD1607">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E0170A39AD9B9A3E23F1F4145F5995FF">
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<mods:date id="ECD0DC3B35BDF6427FBEC2FDD4208A74">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E93C196053DCD246094213936CB355E9">2019-01-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B38AAA922957895FCBE53F768932DD1F">4544</mods:number>
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<treatment id="F707879FFFF5FFE57FA95CE4FE9BD8DC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5942710" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154530582" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5942710" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F707879FFFF5FFE57FA95CE4FE9BD8DC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F707879FFFF5FFE57FA95CE4FE9BD8DC" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="559" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">
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<subSubSection id="37B46502FFF5FFE67FA95CE4FDA5D809" box="[151,601,759,786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7F113689FFF5FFE67FA95CE4FDA5D809" blockId="1.[151,601,759,819]" box="[151,601,759,786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">
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<heading id="245981E5FFF5FFE67FA95CE4FDA5D809" bold="true" box="[151,601,759,786]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="B8AE4D0AFFF5FFE67FA95CE4FDA5D809" authority="(Bechyne, 1948)" baseAuthorityName="Bechyne" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[151,601,759,786]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gonioctena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coreana">
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<emphasis id="4DDAEA9BFFF5FFE67FA95CE4FDA5D809" bold="true" box="[151,601,759,786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">
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<emphasis id="4DDAEA9BFFF5FFE67FA95CE4FE70D80A" bold="true" box="[151,396,759,785]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Gonioctena coreana</emphasis>
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(Bechyně, 1948)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="37B46502FFF5FFE67FA95D09FE75D828" box="[151,393,794,819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7F113689FFF5FFE67FA95D09FE75D828" blockId="1.[151,601,759,819]" box="[151,393,794,819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">
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(
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<figureCitation id="E7952A0CFFF5FFE67FA15D09FEF8D828" box="[159,260,794,819]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1959,1982]" captionTargetBox="[209,1372,294,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,228,1891]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Gonioctena coreana, last instar larva. 1. lateral habitus; 2. head; 3. tibia and tarsungulus; 4. labrum; 5. maxillae and labium; 6. mandible." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618543/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Figs 1–6</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="E7952A0CFFF5FFE67E315D09FED1D828" box="[271,301,794,819]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–29" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1938,1961]" captionTargetBox="[272,1319,546,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[191,1396,467,1920]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 25–29. Schematic presentation of tubercular patterns (top: prothorax; middle: mesothorax; bottom: 2 nd abdominal segment), last instar larva. 25. Gonioctena coreana; 26. Gonioctena gracilicornis; 27. Gonioctena jacobsoni, dark type; 28. Gonioctena jacobsoni, light type; 29. Gonioctena viminalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618551/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">25</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="E7952A0CFFF5FFE67E075D08FE7CD828" box="[313,384,795,819]" captionStart="FIGURES 30–33" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1065,1088]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1054]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 30–33. Gonioctena coreana. 30. newly laid larvae; 31. early instar larvae; 32. mature larvae; 33. adult." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618553/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">30–33</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="37B46502FFF5FFE67FA95D70FD6EDF8B" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="7F113689FFF5FFE67FA95D70FC62D88C" blockId="1.[151,1436,866,919]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="5FBE11A7FFF5FFE67FA95D70FC62D88C" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">
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<taxonomicName id="B8AE4D0AFFF5FFE67FA95D70FCBFD863" authority=": Medvedev & Zaitsev 1978: 118" authorityName=": Medvedev & Zaitsev" authorityPageNumber="118" authorityYear="1978" box="[151,835,866,888]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gonioctena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coreana" subGenus="Gonioctena">
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<emphasis id="4DDAEA9BFFF5FFE67FA95D70FEF1D863" box="[151,269,867,888]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Gonioctena</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="4DDAEA9BFFF5FFE67E225D70FE6ED863" box="[284,402,867,888]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Gonioctena</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="4DDAEA9BFFF5FFE67E9F5D70FE0FD863" box="[417,499,867,888]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">coreana</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="FE0F1098FFF5FFE67D3F5D71FCBFD863" author="Medvedev, L. N. & Zaitsev, Yu. M." box="[513,835,866,888]" page="118" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" year="1978">
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<bibRefCitation id="1B3F4B78FFF5FFE67D3F5D71FCEFD863" author="Medvedev, L. N. & Zaitsev, Yu. M." box="[513,787,866,888]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" refId="ref8662" refString="Medvedev, L. N. & Zaitsev, Yu. M. (1978) Larvae of leaf beetles of Siberia and Far East. Nauka, Moscow, 182 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1978">Medvedev & Zaitsev 1978</bibRefCitation>
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: 118
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(key to larva, illustration of abdominal segment I);
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<treatmentCitation id="FE0F1098FFF5FFE67A6F5D71FE44D88C" author="Zaitsev, Yu. M. & Medvedev, L. N." page="145" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" year="2009">
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<bibRefCitation id="1B3F4B78FFF5FFE67A6F5D71FE74D88C" author="Zaitsev, Yu. M. & Medvedev, L. N." pageId="1" pageNumber="558" refId="ref9200" refString="Zaitsev, Yu. M. & Medvedev, L. N. (2009) Leaf beetle larvae of Russia. KMK Scientific Press, Moscow, 246 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="2009">Zaitsev & Medvedev 2009</bibRefCitation>
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: 145
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</treatmentCitation>
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(key to larva, after
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<bibRefCitation id="1B3F4B78FFF5FFE67D415D92FC6ED88C" author="Medvedev, L. N. & Zaitsev, Yu. M." box="[639,914,897,919]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" refId="ref8662" refString="Medvedev, L. N. & Zaitsev, Yu. M. (1978) Larvae of leaf beetles of Siberia and Far East. Nauka, Moscow, 182 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1978">Medvedev & Zaitsev 1978</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7F113689FFF5FFE67FA95DD7FD6EDF8B" blockId="1.[151,1437,964,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">
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<emphasis id="4DDAEA9BFFF5FFE67FA95DD7FE8CD8C6" bold="true" box="[151,368,964,989]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Last instar larva.</emphasis>
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Body length 9.8–11.0 mm, width
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<quantity id="B8569B6CFFF5FFE67C2F5DD7FC5CD8C7" box="[785,928,964,988]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" unit="mm" value="3.2" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="3.1">3.1–3.3 mm</quantity>
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, head width
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<quantity id="B8569B6CFFF5FFE67B015DD7FB14D8C7" box="[1087,1256,964,988]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" unit="mm" value="1.85" valueMax="1.9" valueMin="1.8">1.80–1.90 mm</quantity>
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(n = 5). Body elongate, rather broad, widest at abdominal segments III–IV, thence moderately narrowed posteriorly and slightly convex dorsally (
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<figureCitation id="E7952A0CFFF5FFE67E5E5A1FFE59DF3F" box="[352,421,1036,1061]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1959,1982]" captionTargetBox="[209,1372,294,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,228,1891]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Gonioctena coreana, last instar larva. 1. lateral habitus; 2. head; 3. tibia and tarsungulus; 4. labrum; 5. maxillae and labium; 6. mandible." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618543/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). General coloration of integument yellowish-white, but densely covered with strongly sclerotized platelets; dorsal tubercles dark brown, whereas ventral ones paler; head blackish-brown with anterior half of clypeus yellowish-brown; legs dark brown to brown. Eversible glands present on anterior margin of abdominal segment VIII. Pseudopods absent.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="37B46502FFF5FFE57FF95A8FFF1ADA7F" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="559" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7F113689FFF5FFE67FF95A8FFF0ADDEE" blockId="1.[151,1437,964,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">
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<emphasis id="4DDAEA9BFFF5FFE67FF95A8FFEF8DFAE" box="[199,260,1180,1205]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Head</emphasis>
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. Hypognathous, rounded, strongly sclerotized (
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<figureCitation id="E7952A0CFFF5FFE67C1E5A8FFC9BDFAF" box="[800,871,1180,1205]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1959,1982]" captionTargetBox="[209,1372,294,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,228,1891]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Gonioctena coreana, last instar larva. 1. lateral habitus; 2. head; 3. tibia and tarsungulus; 4. labrum; 5. maxillae and labium; 6. mandible." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618543/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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). Vertex with 4 pairs of minute setae; epicranium with 8 pairs of setae; temporal side of head with 2 pairs of setae. Epicranial suture distinct; frontal suture not reaching antennal socket; endocarina well developed. Frons slightly depressed medially, with 5 pairs of setae. Clypeus almost straight at anterior margin, with 3 pairs of setae. Labrum deeply emarginate with 2 pairs of setae and 1 pair of campaniform sensilla placed medially and 2 pairs of minute setae placed at anterior border (
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<figureCitation id="E7952A0CFFF5FFE67A765B3FFA72DE5F" box="[1352,1422,1324,1349]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1959,1982]" captionTargetBox="[209,1372,294,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,228,1891]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Gonioctena coreana, last instar larva. 1. lateral habitus; 2. head; 3. tibia and tarsungulus; 4. labrum; 5. maxillae and labium; 6. mandible." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618543/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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); epipharynx with 4 pairs of stout setae at anterior margin. Mandible palmate, 5-toothed, with 2 setae and 2 campaniform sensilla (
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<figureCitation id="E7952A0CFFF5FFE67EA95B67FE27DE96" box="[407,475,1396,1421]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1959,1982]" captionTargetBox="[209,1372,294,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,228,1891]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Gonioctena coreana, last instar larva. 1. lateral habitus; 2. head; 3. tibia and tarsungulus; 4. labrum; 5. maxillae and labium; 6. mandible." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618543/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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). Maxillary palp 3-segmented; palpomere I transverse with 1 seta and 2 campaniform sensilla; II rectangular with 3 setae and 1 campaniform sensillum; III subconical with 1 seta, 1 digitiform sensillum and 1 campaniform sensillum on sides and a group of peg-like sensilla at the apex; palpifer distinct with 2 setae (
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<figureCitation id="E7952A0CFFF5FFE67FA15BCCFF1FDEE3" box="[159,227,1503,1528]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1959,1982]" captionTargetBox="[209,1372,294,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,228,1891]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Gonioctena coreana, last instar larva. 1. lateral habitus; 2. head; 3. tibia and tarsungulus; 4. labrum; 5. maxillae and labium; 6. mandible." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618543/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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). Mala rounded with 15 setae and 1 campaniform sensillum; stipes longer than wide with 3 setae; cardo with 1 seta. Labial palp 2-segmented; palpomere I rectangular with 1 campaniform sensillum; II subconical with 1 campaniform sensillum on outer margin and a group of peg-like sensilla at the apex. Hypopharyngeal area with 3 pairs of minute setae and 2 pairs of campaniform sensilla. Prementum with 1 pair of setae; postmentum widely covered with spinules, with 3 pairs of setae. Stemmata 6 on each side, 4 of them located above antenna and 2 behind antenna. Antenna short, 3-segmented; antenomere I transverse with 2 campaniform sensilla; II stout, more or less as wide as long, with a conical sensorium and 4 minute setae apically; III subconical with 6 minute setae apically.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7F113689FFF5FFE67FF958ECFCF9DCD7" blockId="1.[151,1437,964,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">
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<emphasis id="4DDAEA9BFFF5FFE67FF958ECFEE4DC03" box="[199,280,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Thorax</emphasis>
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. Prothorax with D-DL-EP (47–54L 5–7S) largest; P (5–6S); ES-SS (5–6S) (
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<figureCitation id="E7952A0CFFF5FFE67B9258ECFAFADC03" box="[1196,1286,1791,1816]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–29" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1938,1961]" captionTargetBox="[272,1319,546,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[191,1396,467,1920]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 25–29. Schematic presentation of tubercular patterns (top: prothorax; middle: mesothorax; bottom: 2 nd abdominal segment), last instar larva. 25. Gonioctena coreana; 26. Gonioctena gracilicornis; 27. Gonioctena jacobsoni, dark type; 28. Gonioctena jacobsoni, light type; 29. Gonioctena viminalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618551/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
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). Meso- and metathorax with Dai (1L 2S); Dae (1L 1–3S); ad1 (1M) and ad2 (1M); DLai (2–4S); Dpi (1L 3–4S); Dpe-DLpi (3–5L 2–7S) larger than Dpi; DLe (4–7L 6S 3M) large and produced laterally; EPa (4–6S); EPp (3–4L 1–3S); P (3–4S); SS (1S); ES (2–3S); sternal region with 4 additional setae arising from sclerotized bases. Mesothoracic spiracles annuliform; peritreme fused with EPa. Legs rather stout; tibia with 9 setae; tarsungulus large, strongly curved, basal tooth well developed, with 1 seta (
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<figureCitation id="E7952A0CFFF5FFE67D8D59A7FD0BDCD7" box="[691,759,1972,1997]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1959,1982]" captionTargetBox="[209,1372,294,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,228,1891]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Gonioctena coreana, last instar larva. 1. lateral habitus; 2. head; 3. tibia and tarsungulus; 4. labrum; 5. maxillae and labium; 6. mandible." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618543/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7F113689FFF5FFE57FF959CBFF1ADA7F" blockId="1.[151,1437,964,2033]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,967]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="559" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DDAEA9BFFF5FFE67FF959CBFECDDCEA" box="[199,305,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Segments I–V with Dai (1L 2–3S) on both sides fused; Dae (1L 4S 1M); DLai (1L 3–4S); DLae (1S 2M) small, sometimes divided into 2 tubercles; Dpi (1L 3–4S); Dpe (1L 3–4S); DLp (3L 1–2S); EP (4–6L 3–5S) produced laterally; P (3L 2S 1M); PS-SS (4–5S); ES (2S); as1 (1M) and as2 (1S). Segment VI with Dai and Dae, Dpi and Dpe fused respectively. Segments VII–VIII each with dorsal and dorso-lateral tubercles completely fused (6–8L 10–13S 1M and 6–9L 7–13S 7–12M respectively). Segment IX with dorsal to epipleural tubercles completely fused (7L 11–12S 2M). Segment X with pygopod well developed. Spiracles present on segments I–VIII.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="37B46502FFF6FFE57FF95F7CFE19D903" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="7F113689FFF6FFE57FF95F7CFE19D903" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DDAEA9BFFF6FFE57FF95F7CFEBDDA93" bold="true" box="[199,321,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The last instar larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8AE4D0AFFF6FFE57D5D5F63FCB7DA93" authorityName=": Medvedev & Zaitsev" authorityYear="1978" box="[611,843,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gonioctena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coreana">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DDAEA9BFFF6FFE57D5D5F63FCB7DA93" box="[611,843,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Gonioctena coreana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8AE4D0AFFF6FFE57BAC5F63FABADA93" baseAuthorityName="Kraatz" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[1170,1350,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gonioctena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DDAEA9BFFF6FFE57BAC5F63FB5FDA9C" box="[1170,1187,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="4DDAEA9BFFF6FFE57B8B5F7CFABADA93" box="[1205,1350,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">gracilicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8AE4D0AFFF6FFE57ABA5F63FF02DAB6" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gonioctena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viminalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DDAEA9BFFF6FFE57ABA5F63FA69DA9C" box="[1412,1429,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="4DDAEA9BFFF6FFE57FA95F87FF02DAB6" box="[151,254,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">viminalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the body shape, coloration, and tubercular pattern. However, this species can be distinguished by the tubercle Dai on meso- and metathorax with 1 long and 2 short setae (1 long and 1 short setae in the other species), and Dpi on both sides of abdominal segments I–V completely separated (completely fused in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8AE4D0AFFF6FFE57B855FCEFA90DAEE" baseAuthorityName="Kraatz" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[1211,1388,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gonioctena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DDAEA9BFFF6FFE57B855FCEFB30DAEF" box="[1211,1228,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="4DDAEA9BFFF6FFE57BE55FCFFA90DAEE" box="[1243,1388,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">gracilicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and weakly fused in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8AE4D0AFFF6FFE57E715C13FE29D903" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[335,469,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gonioctena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viminalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DDAEA9BFFF6FFE57E715C13FE9CD90C" box="[335,352,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="4DDAEA9BFFF6FFE57E505FECFE29D903" box="[366,469,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">viminalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="37B46502FFF6FFE57FF95C37FDA9D9B3" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="7F113689FFF6FFE57FF95C37FDA9D9B3" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DDAEA9BFFF6FFE57FF95C37FE48D926" bold="true" box="[199,436,548,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="CFC63CD4FFF6FFE57E805C37FD56D97B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147525781" collectingDate="2005-05-09" country="South Korea" county="Prov." latitude="37.214085" location="Wondeok-eup" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="129.31781" municipality="Samcheok" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" specimenCount="16" specimenCount-larva="16" stateProvince="Gangwon">
|
||
<specimenCount id="69A8FD00FFF6FFE57E805C37FDD0D926" box="[446,556,548,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" type="larva">16 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="07B97619FFF6FFE57D055C37FD32D927" box="[571,718,548,573]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BD6AF86BFFF6FFE57DE35C37FCB6D927" box="[733,842,548,572]" country="South Korea" name="Gangwon" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Gangwon</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="96704E05FFF6FFE57C6B5C36FC6ED927" box="[853,914,549,572]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Prov.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="9F75ACF3FFF6FFE57C9F5C37FBE5D926" box="[929,1049,548,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Samcheok</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="7A716052FFF6FFE57B165C37FB3BD926" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F707879FFFF5FFE57FA95CE4FE9BD8DC:7A716052FFF6FFE57B165C37FB3BD926" box="[1064,1223,548,573]" country="South Korea" county="Prov." latitude="37.214085" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="129.31781" municipality="Samcheok" name="Wondeok-eup" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" stateProvince="Gangwon">Wondeok-eup</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="7A716052FFF6FFE57BE85C37FAC3D926" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F707879FFFF5FFE57FA95CE4FE9BD8DC:7A716052FFF6FFE57BE85C37FAC3D926" box="[1238,1343,548,573]" country="South Korea" county="Prov." latitude="37.214085" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="129.31781" municipality="Samcheok" name="Nogok-ri" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" stateProvince="Gangwon">Nogok-ri</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="7A716052FFF6FFE57A705C37FF1CD97B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F707879FFFF5FFE57FA95CE4FE9BD8DC:7A716052FFF6FFE57A705C37FF1CD97B" country="South Korea" county="Prov." latitude="37.214085" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="129.31781" municipality="Samcheok" name="Gilgok Valley" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" stateProvince="Gangwon">Gilgok Valley</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1A9A504EFFF6FFE57FD55C54FE79D97B" box="[235,389,583,608]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" precision="1" value="37.214085">37°12'50.7"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1A9A504EFFF6FFE57EAF5C5BFDCBD97B" box="[401,567,584,608]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" precision="1" value="129.31781">129°19'04.1"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="1B54E9A1FFF6FFE57D7D5C54FD56D97B" box="[579,682,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" value="2005-05-09">
|
||
<date id="0B101049FFF6FFE57D7D5C54FD56D97B" box="[579,682,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" value="2005-05-09">9.V.2005</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, H.W. Cho;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="CFC63CD4FFF6FFE57C0A5C5BFBDFD99E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147526023" collectingDate="2005-05-07" country="South Korea" county="Prov." latitude="36.829693" location="Subi-myeon" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="129.2691" municipality="Yeongyanggun" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-larva="11" stateProvince="Gyeongbuk">
|
||
<specimenCount id="69A8FD00FFF6FFE57C0A5C5BFC61D97B" box="[820,925,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" type="larva">11 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="07B97619FFF6FFE57C965C54FBC4D944" box="[936,1080,583,608]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BD6AF86BFFF6FFE57B7D5C54FB3AD97B" box="[1091,1222,583,608]" country="South Korea" name="Gyeongbuk" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Gyeongbuk</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="96704E05FFF6FFE57BF25C5BFAF6D944" box="[1228,1290,584,607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Prov.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="9F75ACF3FFF6FFE57A2A5C5BFF38D99E" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Yeongyanggun</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="7A716052FFF6FFE57FEF5C7FFEA1D99E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F707879FFFF5FFE57FA95CE4FE9BD8DC:7A716052FFF6FFE57FEF5C7FFEA1D99E" box="[209,349,620,645]" country="South Korea" county="Prov." latitude="36.829693" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="129.2691" municipality="Yeongyanggun" name="Subi-myeon" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" stateProvince="Gyeongbuk">Subi-myeon</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="7A716052FFF6FFE57E575C7FFE42D99E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F707879FFFF5FFE57FA95CE4FE9BD8DC:7A716052FFF6FFE57E575C7FFE42D99E" box="[361,446,620,645]" country="South Korea" county="Prov." latitude="36.829693" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="129.2691" municipality="Yeongyanggun" name="Suha-ri" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" stateProvince="Gyeongbuk">Suha-ri</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="7A716052FFF6FFE57EF55C7FFDA9D99E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F707879FFFF5FFE57FA95CE4FE9BD8DC:7A716052FFF6FFE57EF55C7FFDA9D99E" box="[459,597,620,645]" country="South Korea" county="Prov." latitude="36.829693" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="129.2691" municipality="Yeongyanggun" name="Suha Valley" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" stateProvince="Gyeongbuk">Suha Valley</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1A9A504EFFF6FFE57D5E5C7FFD07D99E" box="[608,763,620,645]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" precision="1" value="36.829693">36°49'46.9"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1A9A504EFFF6FFE57C365C7FFC53D99E" box="[776,943,620,645]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" precision="1" value="129.2691">129°16'08.8"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="1B54E9A1FFF6FFE57C825C7FFBDFD99E" box="[956,1059,620,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" value="2005-05-07">
|
||
<date id="0B101049FFF6FFE57C825C7FFBDFD99E" box="[956,1059,620,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" value="2005-05-07">7.V.2005</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, H.W. Cho;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="CFC63CD4FFF6FFE57B8C5C7FFDADD9B3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147525935" collectingDate="2006-04-30" country="South Korea" county="Prov." latitude="36.829693" location="Subi-myeon" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="129.2691" municipality="Yeongyanggun" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" specimenCount="21" specimenCount-larva="21" stateProvince="Gyeongbuk">
|
||
<specimenCount id="69A8FD00FFF6FFE57B8C5C7FFAE2D99E" box="[1202,1310,620,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" type="larva">21 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data as preceding one except for
|
||
<collectingDate id="1B54E9A1FFF6FFE57EEC5C9CFDADD9B3" box="[466,593,655,680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" value="2006-04-30">
|
||
<date id="0B101049FFF6FFE57EEC5C9CFDADD9B3" box="[466,593,655,680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" value="2006-04-30">30.IV.2006</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="37B46502FFF6FFE57FF95CA7FE9BD8DC" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="7F113689FFF6FFE57FF95CA7FB87D9D7" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,967]" box="[199,1147,692,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DDAEA9BFFF6FFE57FF95CA7FE9CD9D6" bold="true" box="[199,352,692,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="07B97619FFF6FFE57E595CA7FE2BD9D6" box="[359,471,692,717]" name="Mongolia" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="07B97619FFF6FFE57EDC5CA7FDD1D9D6" box="[482,557,692,717]" name="Russia" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Far East),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="07B97619FFF6FFE57D8F5CA7FD08D9D6" box="[689,756,692,717]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BD6AF86BFFF6FFE57C3D5CA7FCC4D9D6" box="[771,824,692,717]" country="China" name="Jilin" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Jilin</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="07B97619FFF6FFE57C725CA7FC27D9D7" box="[844,987,692,717]" name="North Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">North Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="07B97619FFF6FFE57CD85CA7FB8AD9D7" box="[998,1142,692,717]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F113689FFF6FFE57FF95CC4FE9BD8DC" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DDAEA9BFFF6FFE57FF95CC4FE76D9EB" bold="true" box="[199,394,727,752]" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Biological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Overwintered adults appear during late April; they mate and lay eggs on the leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8AE4D0AFFF6FFE57A5A5CC4FEEBD80E" authorityName="Miq" authorityYear="1867" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="559" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="species" species="gracilistyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DDAEA9BFFF6FFE57A5A5CC4FEEBD80E" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Salix gracilistyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The females laid larvae that were enclosed within chorion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7952A0CFFF6FFE57CE85CEFFBD0D80F" box="[982,1068,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 30–33" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1065,1088]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1054]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 30–33. Gonioctena coreana. 30. newly laid larvae; 31. early instar larvae; 32. mature larvae; 33. adult." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618553/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
), and they hatched after several hours; therefore, this species is ovoviviparous. The early instar larvae gregariously feed on young leaves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7952A0CFFF6FFE57A055D0CFA72D823" box="[1339,1422,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURES 30–33" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1065,1088]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1054]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 30–33. Gonioctena coreana. 30. newly laid larvae; 31. early instar larvae; 32. mature larvae; 33. adult." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618553/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
|
||
), but become solitary as they mature (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7952A0CFFF6FFE57D0B5D57FD76D847" box="[565,650,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 30–33" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1065,1088]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1054]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 30–33. Gonioctena coreana. 30. newly laid larvae; 31. early instar larvae; 32. mature larvae; 33. adult." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618553/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
|
||
). They raise the tip of the abdomen everting glands when threatened. There are four larval instars, and pupation occurs in soil. The adults emerge during late May (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7952A0CFFF6FFE57BF65D74FAE1D89B" box="[1224,1309,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURES 30–33" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1065,1088]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1054]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 30–33. Gonioctena coreana. 30. newly laid larvae; 31. early instar larvae; 32. mature larvae; 33. adult." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618553/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="559">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
); they feed and hibernate without mating. The larvae take 9–11 days to pupate, and then take 7–8 days to emerge as adults at room temperature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |