plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/69/1F/6A/691F6A249815FF920F8A43C0FBC3FBD2.xml
maintenance 95b984308b added 69
2024-06-21 12:39:10 +02:00

483 lines
59 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="D04169C9E605C8C96868BCE3B735C79D" ID-DOI="10.1163/18759866-bja10041" ID-ISSN="1875-9866" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.tables_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1694704401545" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Arrigoni, Roberto, Stolarski, Jarosław, Terraneo, Tullia I., Hoeksema, Bert W., Berumen, Michael L., Payri, Claude, Montano, Simone &amp; Benzoni, Francesca" docDate="2023" docId="691F6A249815FF920F8A43C0FBC3FBD2" docLanguage="en" docName="ContribZool.92.2.130-171.pdf" docOrigin="Contributions to Zoology 92 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-bja10041" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E1C3C5FD6CDDA08D62BFE928526826AF.2:ContribZool.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="E1C3C5FD6CDDA08D62BFE928526826AF" docStyleName="ContribZool.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Gyrosmilia Milne Edwards &amp; Haime 1851" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="159" masterDocId="9526125C980EFF8F0D2E4720FFA7FFB9" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetics and taxonomy of the scleractinian coral family Euphylliidae" masterLastPageNumber="171" masterPageNumber="130" pageNumber="157" updateTime="1694800025585" updateUser="valdenar" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="E513DBB0C2F0FF6027CB9DA3009BFD3A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="5FD4A57B157F92CB5B50CC95A881737B">
<mods:title id="7B4CC0E385783031620B2CA2C42281DA">Phylogenetics and taxonomy of the scleractinian coral family Euphylliidae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="ECF984F79519E65FDDC8A6B9BA3A5B11" type="personal">
<mods:role id="DA5664474BED0A709F8C5538895554D8">
<mods:roleTerm id="8A9CAEBE9BCEEAFCFC15D2627D872A0C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BB89163C6C926A5CF70E1E8157180E64">Arrigoni, Roberto</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F22DDA15970D5FCD0A0BCB87C3FB6624" type="personal">
<mods:role id="9ABC0AFCBC5F0E802A7F3D50B61E1774">
<mods:roleTerm id="4CEB4E13D2BF18D6183BD6DB90ECB64D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1460E3107531155BEC26DE1060843F17">Stolarski, Jarosław</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2F1C76BE7FDE524F5549B8F94D8EAF70" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4E0D785046FE63B1F05EE87748AA8FC2">
<mods:roleTerm id="061D3D39C286CF33AC65CDDF78D36B89">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CA653C895D0C888F3D0CDA0D50544989">Terraneo, Tullia I.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="7A65100EB093F80331E33DC64C097040" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4965B6A5602FF41167A3948E49122657">
<mods:roleTerm id="865EC88569BB6EBA2F004C430D45A9F2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9611EB72BF0595CAB2DBBD1616E64D0A">Hoeksema, Bert W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="432ADA16B231CCF8DDC1FEC5088B8034" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6290BEFCC53B37EB3D0789270E2E9894">
<mods:roleTerm id="AC4C78E5B8CC816225FF976668C048C5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="93A09B734AD62C1CB00D1684E5DB1806">Berumen, Michael L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="DB31A45CF1AC0132EC94A10869579DF4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="9C73EAB0047D1F082409AADCD6DEEC91">
<mods:roleTerm id="7B9F42D42E6FC300C5A689D199CC5D7B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CBF32F46BDC9279C2585784AC1E9EA79">Payri, Claude</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="7A08BB505CDAB7B91B1E08F52BDD54D1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AC66CA2C069766FF106CC3AC7462A204">
<mods:roleTerm id="2CC2BA54951536D01842CCD2858ADFEB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D676B9F71C63CE35308989CA65ADB551">Montano, Simone</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="79230EC76063929FEB6D2E638FD4FF76" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D89DE0A918A1DE7F58BC005285A9A02E">
<mods:roleTerm id="B57DCBEE615CC9FF2EF3E70D7B48AB7C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="13FC9D1AAD1E796BE1C88FAFF57E56DA">Benzoni, Francesca</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="49031D78C6B40C0E8A2205B2F347678D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="AF87C4E7F760159541CC22A3C3A560C2" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="4A927AA4317D0334DB6AA022F9155D4A">
<mods:title id="02A64C073413ED27AD5CE8CB043D542B">Contributions to Zoology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="9F562572F7F31C4F7CADFDE2DFA9826E">
<mods:date id="182E26E45B71FAFB733DE8E3DE9BD7D3">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="5A6022F1EDC63F1D72AC393D214B8F4F" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="2AC33413EFB2DB8303CBFFED69288F8B">2023-03-13</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="5E1619991AEFACD4989893B407E7CAC4" type="volume">
<mods:number id="3B9D3A9A8681E65CD4FC2A226C7798BA">92</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="8088C2BF0A03F9F418D3FAB7612DF092" type="issue">
<mods:number id="24B249CBD6711593940A32BE66AC7BE0">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="B3B0DC1D97115845C3C179BEB777B73A" unit="page">
<mods:start id="C74007B6517C8FA455C42798681CB803">130</mods:start>
<mods:end id="F28BC66667F7A60F15D296ABC86DBA4D">171</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="37C3BB2C9580E92CB67D2D98A2384D16">
<mods:url id="F4223DF9774FF786FD9ED587326FCE24">http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-bja10041</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="08461E563BC173481AA492F9C1B8EA53">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="E56DDAA05ACA8F65B335E09291C70219" type="DOI">10.1163/18759866-bja10041</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="121D46E0D0772BB380FC3C636D0DA589" type="ISSN">1875-9866</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="691F6A249815FF920F8A43C0FBC3FBD2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:691F6A249815FF920F8A43C0FBC3FBD2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/691F6A249815FF920F8A43C0FBC3FBD2" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="27" pageNumber="157">
<subSubSection id="A9AC88B99815FF940F8A43C0FC2DFAA7" pageId="27" pageNumber="157" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E109DB329815FF940F8A43C0FBDDFB43" blockId="27.[676,1146,1248,1275]" box="[676,1146,1248,1275]" pageId="27" pageNumber="157">
<heading id="BA416C5E9815FF940F8A43C0FBDDFB43" box="[676,1146,1248,1275]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="157" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19815FF940F8A43C0FBDDFB43" ID-CoL="84NX3" ID-ENA="1328302" authority="Milne Edwards &amp; Haime, 1851" authorityName="Milne Edwards &amp; Haime" authorityYear="1851" box="[676,1146,1248,1275]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Gyrosmilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="27" pageNumber="157" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209815FF940F8A43C0FBDDFB43" bold="true" box="[676,1146,1248,1275]" pageId="27" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="D3C207209815FF940F8A43C0FC86FB42" bold="true" box="[676,801,1248,1275]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="157">Gyrosmilia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39815FF940E0943C0FBDDFB43" author="Milne Edwards, H. &amp; Haime, J." box="[807,1146,1248,1275]" pageId="27" pageNumber="157" pagination="1 - 502" refId="ref24671" refString="Milne Edwards, H. &amp; Haime, J. (1851) Monographie des polypiers fossiles des terrains palaeozoiques, precedee d'un tableau general de la classification des polypes. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., 5, 1 - 502." type="journal article" year="1851">Milne Edwards &amp; Haime, 1851</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E109DB329815FF940F8A4224FC2DFAA7" blockId="27.[676,1187,1284,1418]" box="[676,906,1284,1311]" pageId="27" pageNumber="157">(figs. 2P–R, 7, 11C–D)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9AC88B99815FF920F8A4209FBC3FBD2" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="27" pageNumber="157" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E109DB329815FF940F8A4209FD76FA33" blockId="27.[676,1187,1284,1418]" pageId="27" pageNumber="157">
Type species:
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19815FF940E114209FD72FADF" authority="Ehrenberg, 1834" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1834" class="Anthozoa" family="Faviidae" genus="Manicina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="27" pageNumber="157" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="interrupta">
<emphasis id="D3C207209815FF940E114209FB87FAFB" box="[831,1056,1321,1346]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="157">Manicina interrupta</emphasis>
Ehrenberg, 1834
</taxonomicName>
;
<typeStatus id="3E0D65909815FF940FF1426CFCE2FADF" box="[735,837,1356,1382]" pageId="27" pageNumber="157">holotype</typeStatus>
: zmb Cni749; type locality: Red Sea.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E109DB329815FF940F8A4298FB8BF977" blockId="27.[676,1187,1464,1742]" pageId="27" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="D3C207209815FF940F8A4298FC2FFA6B" box="[676,904,1464,1490]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="157">Original description</emphasis>
: ‘polypier composé, se multipliant par fissiparité; polypiérites restant unis en séries, lesquelles sont soudées entre elles par leurs murailles; columelle nulle; les centres calicinaux distincts; cloisons minces, entiéres, glabres, serrées; l’endothéque n’occupant que les parties inférieures des loges.’ (
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39815FF940F854193FB87F977" author="Milne Edwards, H. &amp; Haime, J." box="[683,1056,1715,1742]" pageId="27" pageNumber="157" pagination="1 - 502" refId="ref24671" refString="Milne Edwards, H. &amp; Haime, J. (1851) Monographie des polypiers fossiles des terrains palaeozoiques, precedee d'un tableau general de la classification des polypes. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., 5, 1 - 502." type="journal article" year="1851">
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19815FF940F854193FCF2F974" authority="Edwards" authorityName="Edwards Vaughan &amp; Wells Alloiteau (1952) Chevalier &amp; Veron" authorityYear="2000" box="[683,853,1715,1741]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Milne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="27" pageNumber="133" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Milne Edwards</taxonomicName>
&amp; Haime, 1851: 55
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E109DB329812FF930DAF478CFF5BFD05" blockId="28.[98,611,171,1742]" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="D3C207209812FF930DAF478CFF4AFF7C" box="[129,237,172,197]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: Colonial. Budding intracalicular and extracalicular. Corallites monomorphic and uni- or multi serial. Fused walls. Calice of width medium (
<quantity id="264E76D79812FF930C364637FE27FE8B" box="[280,384,279,306]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="4.0">4–15 mm</quantity>
) and relief medium (
<quantity id="264E76D79812FF930D44461BFF6CFEEF" box="[106,203,315,342]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3–6 mm</quantity>
). Septa in more than 4 cycles (Ẑ 48 septa). Free septa regular. Septal spacing medium (6–11 septa per
<quantity id="264E76D79812FF930CA546A3FE6AFE24" box="[395,461,387,414]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
). Costosepta equal in relative thickness. Columella absent. Paliform lobes absent. Endotheca abundant (vesicular). Septal faces delicately granular. Bundles of td fibers not well delineated, perpendicular to septal surface. Closely spaced (zig-zag mid-septal zone) rads. Polyp tentacles partially/fully extended at daytime, of shape simple.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E109DB329812FF930DAF45E6FE8AFCBD" blockId="28.[98,611,171,1742]" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="D3C207209812FF930DAF45E6FEE3FD59" box="[129,324,710,736]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">Species included</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19812FF930C4D45E6FE8FFCBD" authority="(Ehrenberg, 1834)" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1834" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Gyrosmilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="interrupta">
<emphasis id="D3C207209812FF930C4D45E6FDC6FD59" box="[355,609,710,736]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">Gyrosmilia interrupta</emphasis>
(Ehrenberg, 1834)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E109DB329812FF930DAF442FFF7AF987" blockId="28.[98,611,171,1742]" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="D3C207209812FF930DAF442FFEC5FC91" box="[129,354,782,808]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">Taxonomic remarks</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19812FF930C56442EFE48FC91" authorityName="Milne Edwards &amp; Haime" authorityYear="1851" box="[376,495,782,808]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Gyrosmilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209812FF930C56442EFE48FC91" box="[376,495,782,808]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">Gyrosmilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was formally introduced by
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39812FF930C624412FF06FCC9" author="Milne Edwards, H. &amp; Haime, J." pageId="28" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 502" refId="ref24671" refString="Milne Edwards, H. &amp; Haime, J. (1851) Monographie des polypiers fossiles des terrains palaeozoiques, precedee d'un tableau general de la classification des polypes. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., 5, 1 - 502." type="journal article" year="1851">
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19812FF930C624412FE52FCF5" authority="Edwards" authorityName="Edwards Vaughan &amp; Wells Alloiteau (1952) Chevalier &amp; Veron" authorityYear="2000" box="[332,501,818,844]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Milne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="28" pageNumber="133" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Milne Edwards</taxonomicName>
&amp; Haime (1851)
</bibRefCitation>
to include a single species, namely
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19812FF930F654476FF74FC2A" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1834" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Gyrosmilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="interrupta">
<emphasis id="D3C207209812FF930F654476FF74FC2A" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">G. interrupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The monospecific genus can be easily distinguished by its unique morphology, forming meandroid small colonies with collines and absent columella (
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39812FF930CED44C5FDF9FC46" author="Matthai, G." box="[451,606,997,1023]" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 288" refId="ref24574" refString="Matthai, G. (1928) A monograph of the recent meandroid Astraeidae. Catalogue of the Madreporarian Corals in the British Museum (Natural History), 7, 1 - 288." type="journal article" year="1928">Matthai, 1928</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39812FF930D4C4329FEE8FB9A" author="Scheer, G. &amp; Pillai, C. S. G." box="[98,335,1033,1059]" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref26277" refString="Scheer, G. &amp; Pillai, C. S. G. (1983) Report on the stony corals from the Red Sea. Zoologica, 45, 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1983">Scheer &amp; Pillai, 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39812FF930C734329FF34FBFE" author="Sheppard, C. R. C. &amp; Sheppard, A. L. S." pageId="28" pageNumber="158" pagination="3 - 170" refId="ref26503" refString="Sheppard, C. R. C. &amp; Sheppard, A. L. S. (1991) Corals and coral communities of Arabia. Fauna of Arabia, 12, 3 - 170." type="journal article" year="1991">Sheppard &amp; Sheppard, 1991</bibRefCitation>
). As such, the validity of
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19812FF930C95430DFD95FBFE" authorityName="Milne Edwards &amp; Haime" authorityYear="1851" box="[443,562,1069,1095]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Gyrosmilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209812FF930C95430DFD95FBFE" box="[443,562,1069,1095]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">Gyrosmilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has never been questioned by subsequent authors and, given a general resemblance to
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19812FF930CDA4355FDFCFB36" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1846" box="[500,603,1141,1167]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Euphyllia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209812FF930CDA4355FDFCFB36" box="[500,603,1141,1167]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">Euphyllia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the two genera have been traditionally placed together at the family level, with a few exceptions (see table 1;
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39812FF930C1443C0FF34FAA6" author="Milne Edwards, H. &amp; Haime J." pageId="28" pageNumber="158" refId="ref24717" refString="Milne Edwards, H. &amp; Haime J. (1857) Histoire naturelle des coralliaires, ou polypes proprement dits. Tome second. Zoanthaires sclerodermes (Zoantharia Sclerodermata) ou madreporaires. Roret, Paris." type="book" year="1857">
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19812FF930C1443C0FE40FB43" authority="Edwards" authorityName="Edwards Vaughan &amp; Wells Alloiteau (1952) Chevalier &amp; Veron" authorityYear="2000" box="[314,487,1248,1274]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Milne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="28" pageNumber="133" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Milne Edwards</taxonomicName>
&amp; Haime, 1857
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39812FF930D8E4224FE0FFAA6" author="Vaughan, T. W. &amp; Wells, J. W." box="[160,424,1284,1311]" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 345" refId="ref27247" refString="Vaughan, T. W. &amp; Wells, J. W. (1943) Revision of the suborders, families and genera of the Scleractinia. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 44, 1 - 345." type="journal article" year="1943">Vaughan &amp; Wells, 1943</bibRefCitation>
; Alloiteau, 1952;
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39812FF930D4C4208FF79FAFA" author="Wells, J. W." box="[98,222,1320,1347]" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" pagination="444" refId="ref27787" refString="Wells, J. W. (1956) Scleractinia. In: R. C. Moore (Ed.) Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Part F: Coelenterata, pp. F 328 - F 444. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence." type="book chapter" year="1956">Wells, 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39812FF930DC44208FE68FAFA" author="Scheer, G. &amp; Pillai, C. S. G." box="[234,463,1320,1347]" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref26277" refString="Scheer, G. &amp; Pillai, C. S. G. (1983) Report on the stony corals from the Red Sea. Zoologica, 45, 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1983">Scheer &amp; Pillai, 1983</bibRefCitation>
; Chevalier &amp; Beauvais, 1987;
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39812FF930C37426CFDFAFADF" author="Sheppard, C. R. C. &amp; Sheppard, A. L. S." box="[281,605,1356,1382]" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" pagination="3 - 170" refId="ref26503" refString="Sheppard, C. R. C. &amp; Sheppard, A. L. S. (1991) Corals and coral communities of Arabia. Fauna of Arabia, 12, 3 - 170." type="journal article" year="1991">Sheppard &amp; Sheppard, 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39812FF930D4C4251FF52FA33" author="Veron, J. E. N." box="[98,245,1392,1419]" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" refId="ref27496" refString="Veron, J. E. N. (2000) Corals of the World. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville." type="book" year="2000">Veron, 2000</bibRefCitation>
). Recently, Budd et al. (2012) transferred the genus to
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19812FF930C5242B4FDABFA17" authorityName="Veron" authorityYear="2002" box="[380,524,1428,1454]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Euphylliidae</taxonomicName>
. In this study, we showed that
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19812FF930C594298FE49FA6B" authorityName="Milne Edwards &amp; Haime" authorityYear="1851" box="[375,494,1464,1490]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Gyrosmilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209812FF930C594298FE49FA6B" box="[375,494,1464,1490]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">Gyrosmilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clustered within this family and was sister to
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19812FF930CC542FCFDE2FA4F" authorityName="C. Carre &amp; D. Carre" authorityYear="1993" box="[491,581,1500,1526]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Ctenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209812FF930CC542FCFDE2FA4F" box="[491,581,1500,1526]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">Ctenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in both molecular and morphological phylogenetic trees.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E109DB329812FF930DAF4168FBA0FE5C" blockId="28.[98,611,171,1742]" lastBlockId="28.[645,1157,171,844]" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="D3C207209812FF930DAF4168FE21F9DB" box="[129,390,1608,1634]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">Morphological remarks:</emphasis>
As discussed in the morphological remarks section of
<emphasis id="D3C207209812FF930F2C414BFDC6F93C" box="[514,609,1643,1669]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19812FF930F2C414BFDFAF93C" authorityName="C. Carre &amp; D. Carre" authorityYear="1993" box="[514,605,1643,1669]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Ctenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Ctenella</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the macromorphology of
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19812FF930C5141AFFE51F910" authorityName="Milne Edwards &amp; Haime" authorityYear="1851" box="[383,502,1679,1705]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Gyrosmilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209812FF930C5141AFFE51F910" box="[383,502,1679,1705]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">Gyrosmilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to the one of
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19812FF930DDF4193FEECF974" authorityName="C. Carre &amp; D. Carre" authorityYear="1993" box="[241,331,1715,1741]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Ctenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209812FF930DDF4193FEECF974" box="[241,331,1715,1741]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">Ctenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the two genera differ by their columella that is absent in
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19812FF930929478BFBD9FF7C" authorityName="Milne Edwards &amp; Haime" authorityYear="1851" box="[1031,1150,171,197]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Gyrosmilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209812FF930929478BFBD9FF7C" box="[1031,1150,171,197]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">Gyrosmilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Like in
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19812FF930FF447EFFCE6FF50" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1846" box="[730,833,207,233]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Euphyllia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209812FF930FF447EFFCE6FF50" box="[730,833,207,233]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">Euphyllia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19812FF930E5547EFFBBAFF50" authorityName="Veron &amp; Pichon" authorityYear="1980" box="[891,1053,207,233]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Fimbriaphyllia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209812FF930E5547EFFBBAFF50" box="[891,1053,207,233]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">Fimbriaphyllia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, rad s in
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19812FF930FAB47D3FD78FEB4" authorityName="C. Carre &amp; D. Carre" authorityYear="1993" box="[645,735,243,269]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Ctenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209812FF930FAB47D3FD78FEB4" box="[645,735,243,269]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">Ctenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
correspond to a straight or zig-zag mid-septal (rad s) zone in transversely sectioned septa and bundles of td fibers are not well delineated, perpendicular to the septal surface. The septal surface with delicately granular textures distinguishes the genus from
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19812FF930FEF46EAFC8FFE5D" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1846" box="[705,808,458,484]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Euphyllia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209812FF930FEF46EAFC8FFE5D" box="[705,808,458,484]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">Euphyllia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19812FF930E7146EAFBA6FE5D" authorityName="Veron &amp; Pichon" authorityYear="1980" box="[863,1025,458,484]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Fimbriaphyllia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209812FF930E7146EAFBA6FE5D" box="[863,1025,458,484]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">Fimbriaphyllia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E109DB329812FF930F8A46CEFC59FCF5" blockId="28.[645,1157,171,844]" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="D3C207209812FF930F8A46CEFC0BFDB1" box="[676,940,494,520]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">
Distribution:
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19812FF930E1B46CEFC0BFDB1" authorityName="Milne Edwards &amp; Haime" authorityYear="1851" box="[821,940,494,520]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Gyrosmilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Gyrosmilia</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is restricted to the reefs of the Red Sea and south-western Indian Ocean, occurring in East Africa coast (including
<collectingCountry id="99A19BA29812FF930FEE457AFC8FFDCD" box="[704,808,602,628]" name="Tanzania" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="99A19BA29812FF930E6A457BFC2CFDCC" box="[836,907,603,629]" name="Kenya" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">Kenya</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="99A19BA29812FF930E89457AFB99FDCD" box="[935,1086,602,628]" name="Mozambique" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="99A19BA29812FF930FAB455EFCB2FD20" box="[645,789,638,665]" name="South Africa" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">South Africa</collectingCountry>
) to as far east as the Mascarene Archipelago (
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39812FF930E304582FC06FD05" author="Rosen, B. R." box="[798,929,674,700]" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" pagination="67 - 88" refId="ref26092" refString="Rosen, B. R. (1971) Annotated check list and bibliography of corals of the Chagos Archipelago (including recent collections from Diego Garcia) with remarks on their distribution. Atoll Res. Bull., 149, 67 - 88." type="journal article" year="1971">Rosen, 1971</bibRefCitation>
; Faure, 1977;
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39812FF9309144583FD11FD59" author="Rosen, B. R." pageId="28" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref26138" refString="Rosen, B. R. (1979) Check list of recent coral records from Aldabra (Indian Ocean). Atoll Res. Bull., 233, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1979">Rosen, 1979</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39812FF930FE645E6FC18FD59" author="Scheer, G. &amp; Pillai, C. S. G." box="[712,959,710,736]" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref26277" refString="Scheer, G. &amp; Pillai, C. S. G. (1983) Report on the stony corals from the Red Sea. Zoologica, 45, 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1983">Scheer &amp; Pillai, 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39812FF930EFE45E6FB26FD59" author="Sheppard, C. R. C." box="[976,1153,710,736]" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref26461" refString="Sheppard, C. R. C. (1987) Coral species of the Indian Ocean and adjacent seas: a synonymized compilation and some regional distributional patterns. Atoll Res. Bull., 307, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1987">Sheppard, 1987</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39812FF930FAB45CAFC7FFCBD" author="Sheppard, C. R. C. &amp; Sheppard, A. L. S." box="[645,984,746,772]" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" pagination="3 - 170" refId="ref26503" refString="Sheppard, C. R. C. &amp; Sheppard, A. L. S. (1991) Corals and coral communities of Arabia. Fauna of Arabia, 12, 3 - 170." type="journal article" year="1991">Sheppard &amp; Sheppard, 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39812FF930EC345CAFB27FCBD" author="Veron, J. E. N." box="[1005,1152,746,772]" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" refId="ref27496" refString="Veron, J. E. N. (2000) Corals of the World. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville." type="book" year="2000">Veron, 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39812FF930FAB442EFCB7FC91" author="Obura, D." box="[645,784,782,808]" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" pagination="45013" refId="ref24917" refString="Obura, D. (2012) The diversity and biogeography of Western Indian Ocean reef-building corals. PLoS One, 7, e 45013." type="journal article" year="2012">Obura, 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39812FF930E33442EFC40FC91" author="Veron, J. E. N. &amp; Stafford-Smith, M. &amp; DeVantier, L. &amp; Turak, E." box="[797,999,781,808]" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" pagination="81" refId="ref27520" refString="Veron, J. E. N., Stafford-Smith, M., DeVantier, L. &amp; Turak, E. (2015) Overview of distribution patterns of zooxanthellate Scleractinia. Front. Mar. Sci., 1, 81." type="journal article" year="2015">Veron et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
; DeVantier &amp; Turak, 2017; Berumen et al., 2019).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E109DB329812FF930FAB4459FC62FC2A" blockId="28.[645,1157,889,1024]" box="[645,965,889,915]" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="D3C207209812FF930FAB4459FC62FC2A" bold="true" box="[645,965,889,915]" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">
(?)
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19812FF930F824459FC62FC2A" authority="Matthai, 1928" authorityName="Matthai" authorityYear="1928" box="[684,965,889,915]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Montigyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209812FF930F824459FC82FC2A" bold="true" box="[684,805,889,915]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">Montigyra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39812FF930E054459FC62FC2A" author="Matthai, G." box="[811,965,889,915]" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 288" refId="ref24574" refString="Matthai, G. (1928) A monograph of the recent meandroid Astraeidae. Catalogue of the Madreporarian Corals in the British Museum (Natural History), 7, 1 - 288." type="journal article" year="1928">Matthai, 1928</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E109DB329812FF930FAB44BEFB8AFBB9" blockId="28.[645,1157,889,1024]" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">
<materialsCitation id="51DED16F9812FF930FAB44BEFB8EFBB9" location="Lacepede Islands" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia" typeStatus="holotype">
Type species:
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19812FF930E0644BEFB26FC0E" authority="Matthai, 1928" authorityName="Matthai" authorityYear="1928" box="[808,1153,925,951]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Montigyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kenti">
<emphasis id="D3C207209812FF930E0644BEFC7CFC0E" box="[808,987,925,951]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">Montigyra kenti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39812FF930ECB44BDFB26FC0E" author="Matthai, G." box="[997,1153,925,951]" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 288" refId="ref24574" refString="Matthai, G. (1928) A monograph of the recent meandroid Astraeidae. Catalogue of the Madreporarian Corals in the British Museum (Natural History), 7, 1 - 288." type="journal article" year="1928">Matthai, 1928</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<typeStatus id="3E0D65909812FF930FAB44E1FD4CFC62" box="[645,747,961,987]" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">holotype</typeStatus>
: bmnh 95.10.9.88; type locality:
<location id="E4698DE99812FF930FAB44C5FCE2FC46" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:691F6A249815FF920F8A43C0FBC3FBD2:E4698DE99812FF930FAB44C5FCE2FC46" box="[645,837,997,1023]" name="Lacepede Islands" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" stateProvince="Western Australia">Lacepede Islands</location>
(
<collectingRegion id="237215D09812FF930E7D44C5FB85FBB9" box="[851,1058,997,1024]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E109DB329812FF920FAB430DFDA1FE8B" blockId="28.[645,1157,1069,1742]" lastBlockId="29.[128,640,171,880]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="D3C207209812FF930FAB430DFCC9FBFE" box="[645,878,1069,1095]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">Original description</emphasis>
: ‘Massive, growth-size medium, calicinal surface convex. Valley continuous, comparatively wide and deep. Colline discontinuous, in the form of monticules varying in length. Septa evenly thin, upper half or two-thirds of principal ones more or less vertical, lower half or one-third broadening towards columella and appearing somewhat like paliform lobes. Septal margins finely dentate in upper half or two-thirds, teeth increasing in length in lower half or one-third, sides granular. Columella in the form of centres usually connected by 1–3 lamellae. This genus resembles
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19812FF930EC24120FB23F9A3" authorityName="Milne Edwards &amp; Haime" authorityYear="1849" box="[1004,1156,1536,1562]" class="Anthozoa" family="Merulinidae" genus="Trachyphyllia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209812FF930EC24120FB23F9A3" box="[1004,1156,1536,1562]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">Trachyphyllia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19812FF930F924104FC80F987" box="[700,807,1572,1598]" class="Anthozoa" family="Merulinidae" genus="Callogyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209812FF930F924104FC80F987" box="[700,807,1572,1598]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">Callogyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in growth-size and in septal characters. Although walls are fused as in
<emphasis id="D3C207209812FF930FAB414BFD50F93C" box="[645,759,1643,1669]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19812FF930FAB414BFD55F93C" box="[645,754,1643,1669]" class="Anthozoa" family="Merulinidae" genus="Callogyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="28" pageNumber="158" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Callogyra</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the collines thus formed are discontinuous, much thinner and not grooved. It differs from both genera in the columellar centres being usually connected by lamellae and not so well developed. Like
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19813FF920CC647EFFD27FF50" authorityName="Milne Edwards &amp; Haime" authorityYear="1849" box="[488,640,207,233]" class="Anthozoa" family="Merulinidae" genus="Trachyphyllia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209813FF920CC647EFFD27FF50" box="[488,640,207,233]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Trachyphyllia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="D3C207209813FF920D9447D3FE0AFEB4" box="[186,429,243,269]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19813FF920D9447D3FE80FEB4" box="[186,295,243,269]" class="Anthozoa" family="Merulinidae" genus="Callogyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Callogyra</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19813FF920C1647D4FE0AFEB4" authorityName="Matthai" authorityYear="1928" box="[312,429,244,269]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Montigyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Montigyra</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is also an Indo-Pacific genus.’ (
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39813FF920C054637FE5DFE8B" author="Matthai, G." box="[299,506,279,306]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 288" refId="ref24574" refString="Matthai, G. (1928) A monograph of the recent meandroid Astraeidae. Catalogue of the Madreporarian Corals in the British Museum (Natural History), 7, 1 - 288." type="journal article" year="1928">Matthai, 1928: 255</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E109DB329813FF920DB1461BFF10FEC0" blockId="29.[128,640,171,880]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="D3C207209813FF920DB1461BFEF2FEEC" box="[159,341,315,341]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Species included</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19813FF920C4B461CFF13FEC0" authority="Matthai, 1928" authorityName="Matthai" authorityYear="1928" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Montigyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kenti">
<emphasis id="D3C207209813FF920C4B461CFDB0FEEC" box="[357,535,315,341]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Montigyra kenti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39813FF920F0F461BFF13FEC0" author="Matthai, G." pageId="29" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 288" refId="ref24574" refString="Matthai, G. (1928) A monograph of the recent meandroid Astraeidae. Catalogue of the Madreporarian Corals in the British Museum (Natural History), 7, 1 - 288." type="journal article" year="1928">Matthai, 1928</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E109DB329813FF920DB146A4FED6FCBD" blockId="29.[128,640,171,880]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="D3C207209813FF920DB146A4FEDDFE24" box="[159,378,387,413]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Taxonomic remarks</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19813FF920CA646A4FE5CFE24" authorityName="Matthai" authorityYear="1928" box="[392,507,388,413]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Montigyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209813FF920CA646A4FE5CFE24" box="[392,507,388,413]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Montigyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a monotypic genus known from a single specimen from
<collectingRegion id="237215D09813FF920D9346EBFE22FE5C" box="[189,389,459,485]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39813FF920CBD46EBFD97FE5C" author="Matthai, G." box="[403,560,459,485]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 288" refId="ref24574" refString="Matthai, G. (1928) A monograph of the recent meandroid Astraeidae. Catalogue of the Madreporarian Corals in the British Museum (Natural History), 7, 1 - 288." type="journal article" year="1928">Matthai, 1928</bibRefCitation>
). It has been historically considered a member of different families (see table 1;
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39813FF920CCF4532FDDBFD94" author="Matthai, G." box="[481,636,530,557]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 288" refId="ref24574" refString="Matthai, G. (1928) A monograph of the recent meandroid Astraeidae. Catalogue of the Madreporarian Corals in the British Museum (Natural History), 7, 1 - 288." type="journal article" year="1928">Matthai, 1928</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39813FF920DAE4516FF5CFDE8" author="Wells, J. W." box="[128,251,566,593]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" pagination="444" refId="ref27787" refString="Wells, J. W. (1956) Scleractinia. In: R. C. Moore (Ed.) Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Part F: Coelenterata, pp. F 328 - F 444. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence." type="book chapter" year="1956">Wells, 1956</bibRefCitation>
; Chevalier &amp; Beauvais, 1987;
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39813FF920F164517FF1BFDCD" author="Veron, J. E. N." pageId="29" pageNumber="159" refId="ref27496" refString="Veron, J. E. N. (2000) Corals of the World. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville." type="book" year="2000">Veron, 2000</bibRefCitation>
). Recently, Budd et al. (2012) transferred the genus to
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19813FF920C09455EFE13FD21" authorityName="Veron" authorityYear="2002" box="[295,436,638,664]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Euphylliidae</taxonomicName>
as being closely related to
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19813FF920C264582FED8FD05" authorityName="Milne Edwards &amp; Haime" authorityYear="1851" box="[264,383,674,700]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Gyrosmilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209813FF920C264582FED8FD05" box="[264,383,674,700]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Gyrosmilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and this taxonomic action is herein maintained since we did not investigate the genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E109DB329813FF920DB1442EFEF6FCC9" blockId="29.[128,640,171,880]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="D3C207209813FF920DB1442EFE06FC91" box="[159,417,782,808]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">
Distribution:
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19813FF920C00442FFE06FC91" authorityName="Matthai" authorityYear="1928" box="[302,417,783,808]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Montigyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Montigyra</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is known only from Lacepede Islands,
<collectingRegion id="237215D09813FF920C654412FDB5FCF5" box="[331,530,818,844]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39813FF920F314412FF15FCC9" author="Matthai, G." pageId="29" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 288" refId="ref24574" refString="Matthai, G. (1928) A monograph of the recent meandroid Astraeidae. Catalogue of the Madreporarian Corals in the British Museum (Natural History), 7, 1 - 288." type="journal article" year="1928">Matthai, 1928</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39813FF920D924476FEE2FCC9" author="Veron, J. E. N." box="[188,325,854,880]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" refId="ref27496" refString="Veron, J. E. N. (2000) Corals of the World. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville." type="book" year="2000">Veron, 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E109DB329813FF920DAE44BDFE4BFC0E" blockId="29.[128,640,925,1168]" box="[128,492,925,952]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="D3C207209813FF920DAE44BDFE4BFC0E" bold="true" box="[128,492,925,952]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">
(?)
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19813FF920D8944BDFE4BFC0E" authority="Umbgrove, 1939" authorityName="Umbgrove" authorityYear="1939" box="[167,492,925,952]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Simplastrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209813FF920D8944BDFE97FC01" bold="true" box="[167,304,925,952]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Simplastrea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39813FF920C1844BEFE4BFC0E" author="Umbgrove, J. H. F." box="[310,492,925,952]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref27118" refString="Umbgrove, J. H. F. (1939) Madreporaria from the Bay of Batavia. Zool. Meded., 22, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1939">Umbgrove, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E109DB329813FF920DAE44E2FE5CFB29" blockId="29.[128,640,925,1168]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">
Type species:
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19813FF920C4D44E1FE9EFC46" authority="Umbgrove, 1939" authorityName="Umbgrove" authorityYear="1939" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Simplastrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vesicularis">
<emphasis id="D3C207209813FF920C4D44E1FD27FC62" box="[355,640,961,987]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Simplastrea vesicularis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39813FF920DAE44C5FE9EFC46" author="Umbgrove, J. H. F." box="[128,313,997,1023]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref27118" refString="Umbgrove, J. H. F. (1939) Madreporaria from the Bay of Batavia. Zool. Meded., 22, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1939">Umbgrove, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<typeStatus id="3E0D65909813FF920C6644C5FE09FC46" box="[328,430,997,1023]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">holotype</typeStatus>
: rmnh.coel9362 (
<collectorName id="4C43BEE49813FF920DA64329FE44FB9A" box="[136,483,1033,1059]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Naturalis Biodiversity Center</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="4C43BEE49813FF920CD94329FDE1FB9A" box="[503,582,1033,1059]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Leiden</collectorName>
, the Netherlands – formerly
<collectorName id="4C43BEE49813FF920C83430DFECAFBD5" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie</collectorName>
); type locality:
<location id="E4698DE99813FF920F1F4371FF60FB36" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:691F6A249815FF920F8A43C0FBC3FBD2:E4698DE99813FF920F1F4371FF60FB36" country="Indonesia" name="Onrust Island" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" stateProvince="Jakarta Raya">Onrust Island</location>
, Bay of
<collectingRegion id="237215D09813FF920C334355FECBFB36" box="[285,364,1141,1167]" country="Indonesia" name="Jakarta Raya" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Jakarta</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="99A19BA29813FF920C574355FE49FB29" box="[377,494,1141,1168]" name="Indonesia" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E109DB329813FF920DAE439DFED7F93F" blockId="29.[128,640,1213,1741]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="D3C207209813FF920DAE439DFEC7FB6E" box="[128,352,1213,1239]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Original description</emphasis>
: ‘Corallites separated by a vesicular coenenchyma. Septa extending outside the calicular walls to meet either a septocosta of an adjacent corallite or a lamen of the choenenchyma. Corallite walls formed by vertical lamina of the coenenchyma and of a discontinuous broken appearance. Septal edges subentire. Columella trabecular. Dissepimenta present, no synapticulae. The coral seems close to
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19813FF920C554120FE4BF9A3" authorityName="Quelch" authorityYear="1884" box="[379,492,1536,1562]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plerogyridae" genus="Physogyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209813FF920C554120FE4BF9A3" box="[379,492,1536,1562]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Physogyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from which it may be distinguished especially by the occurence of a kind of pseudo-corallite walls.’ (
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39813FF920DA6414BFEC3F93F" author="Umbgrove, J. H. F." box="[136,356,1643,1670]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref27118" refString="Umbgrove, J. H. F. (1939) Madreporaria from the Bay of Batavia. Zool. Meded., 22, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1939">Umbgrove, 1939: 24</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E109DB329813FF920DB141B0FE9FF974" blockId="29.[128,640,1213,1741]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="D3C207209813FF920DB141B0FEF9F910" box="[159,350,1679,1706]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Species included</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19813FF920C5641AFFE94F974" authority="Umbgrove, 1939" authorityName="Umbgrove" authorityYear="1939" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Simplastrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vesicularis">
<emphasis id="D3C207209813FF920C5641AFFD27F910" box="[376,640,1679,1705]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Simplastrea vesicularis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39813FF920DAE4193FE94F974" author="Umbgrove, J. H. F." box="[128,307,1715,1741]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref27118" refString="Umbgrove, J. H. F. (1939) Madreporaria from the Bay of Batavia. Zool. Meded., 22, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1939">Umbgrove, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E109DB329813FF920FEC478CFBB5FCBD" blockId="29.[676,1187,171,1131]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="D3C207209813FF920FEC478CFC3DFF7C" box="[706,922,171,197]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Taxonomic remarks</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19813FF920E8B478BFB8FFF7C" authorityName="Umbgrove" authorityYear="1939" box="[933,1064,171,197]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Simplastrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209813FF920E8B478BFB8FFF7C" box="[933,1064,171,197]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Simplastrea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a monotypic genus described on the basis of a single likely fossil specimen from
<collectingCountry id="99A19BA29813FF92091D47D3FB05FEB4" box="[1075,1186,243,269]" name="Indonesia" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39813FF920F854637FCC0FE88" author="Umbgrove, J. H. F." box="[683,871,279,305]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref27118" refString="Umbgrove, J. H. F. (1939) Madreporaria from the Bay of Batavia. Zool. Meded., 22, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1939">Umbgrove, 1939</bibRefCitation>
). It was originally included in
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19813FF920FEC461BFB04FEEF" authority="Milne Edwards &amp; Haime, 1857" authorityName="Milne Edwards &amp; Haime" authorityYear="1857" box="[706,1187,315,342]" class="Anthozoa" family="Eusmiliidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">
Eusmiliidae
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39813FF920E60461BFB04FEEF" author="Milne Edwards, H. &amp; Haime J." box="[846,1187,315,342]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" refId="ref24717" refString="Milne Edwards, H. &amp; Haime J. (1857) Histoire naturelle des coralliaires, ou polypes proprement dits. Tome second. Zoanthaires sclerodermes (Zoantharia Sclerodermata) ou madreporaires. Roret, Paris." type="book" year="1857">Milne Edwards &amp; Haime, 1857</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and, subsequently, transferred to other families in conjunction with
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19813FF920EE046A3FB8EFE24" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1815" box="[974,1065,387,413]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Galaxea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209813FF920EE046A3FB8EFE24" box="[974,1065,387,413]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Galaxea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, to whom it morphologically resembles the most (see
<tableCitation id="AC34EE899813FF920F8A46EAFD5DFE5C" box="[676,762,458,485]" captionStart="table 1" captionStartId="3.[67,127,521,547]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="table 1 Historical changes in the systematics of the genera ascribed to Euphylliidae." pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Table 1</tableCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39813FF920E2346EAFB83FE5C" author="Vaughan, T. W. &amp; Wells, J. W." box="[781,1060,458,485]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 345" refId="ref27247" refString="Vaughan, T. W. &amp; Wells, J. W. (1943) Revision of the suborders, families and genera of the Scleractinia. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 44, 1 - 345." type="journal article" year="1943">Vaughan &amp; Wells, 1943</bibRefCitation>
; Alloiteau, 1952;
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39813FF920FF046CEFCFFFDB0" author="Wells, J. W." box="[734,856,494,521]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" pagination="444" refId="ref27787" refString="Wells, J. W. (1956) Scleractinia. In: R. C. Moore (Ed.) Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Part F: Coelenterata, pp. F 328 - F 444. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence." type="book chapter" year="1956">Wells, 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39813FF920E4C46CFFBF5FDB0" author="Veron, J. E. N. &amp; Pichon, M." box="[866,1106,494,521]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" refId="ref27292" refString="Veron, J. E. N. &amp; Pichon, M. (1980) Scleractinia of eastern Australia. Part iii. Families Agariciidae, Siderastreidae, Fungiidae, Oculinidae, Merulinidae, Mussidae, Pectiniidae, Caryophylliidae, Dendrophylliidae. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville." type="book" year="1980">Veron &amp; Pichon, 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39813FF92097546CFFD47FD95" author="Veron, J. E. N." pageId="29" pageNumber="159" refId="ref27496" refString="Veron, J. E. N. (2000) Corals of the World. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville." type="book" year="2000">Veron, 2000</bibRefCitation>
). Lastly, Budd et al. (2012) considered
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19813FF920F8A4516FD58FDE9" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1815" box="[676,767,566,592]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Galaxea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209813FF920F8A4516FD58FDE9" box="[676,767,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Galaxea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19813FF920E164516FC1CFDE9" authorityName="Umbgrove" authorityYear="1939" box="[824,955,566,592]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Simplastrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209813FF920E164516FC1CFDE9" box="[824,955,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Simplastrea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as genera belonging to
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19813FF920FEC457AFCE8FDCD" authorityName="Veron" authorityYear="2002" box="[706,847,602,628]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Euphylliidae</taxonomicName>
based on molecular evidence available for the former one. In this study,
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19813FF920F8A4582FC80FD05" authorityName="Umbgrove" authorityYear="1939" box="[676,807,674,700]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Simplastrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3C207209813FF920F8A4582FC80FD05" box="[676,807,674,700]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Simplastrea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not collected and its placement within
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19813FF920E1545E6FC6FFD59" authorityName="Veron" authorityYear="2002" box="[827,968,710,736]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Euphylliidae</taxonomicName>
proposed by Budd et al. (2012) is hence maintained.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E109DB329813FF920FEC442EFBC3FBD2" blockId="29.[676,1187,171,1131]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="D3C207209813FF920FEC442EFC79FC91" box="[706,990,782,808]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">
Distribution:
<taxonomicName id="26B6A0B19813FF920E75442EFC79FC91" authorityName="Umbgrove" authorityYear="1939" box="[859,990,782,808]" class="Anthozoa" family="Euphylliidae" genus="Simplastrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Simplastrea</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is known only from the reefs of
<collectingCountry id="99A19BA29813FF920E5D4412FC45FCF5" box="[883,994,818,844]" name="Indonesia" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="99A19BA29813FF92090F4412FD51FCD6" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="29" pageNumber="159">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39813FF920E264475FC64FCC9" author="Umbgrove, J. H. F." box="[776,963,853,880]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref27118" refString="Umbgrove, J. H. F. (1939) Madreporaria from the Bay of Batavia. Zool. Meded., 22, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1939">Umbgrove, 1939</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39813FF920EFC4476FBC6FCC9" author="Veron, J. E. N." box="[978,1121,854,880]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" refId="ref27496" refString="Veron, J. E. N. (2000) Corals of the World. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville." type="book" year="2000">Veron, 2000</bibRefCitation>
). The species was described from Onrust Island in Jakarta Bay (
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39813FF920E7B44BDFBAAFC0E" author="Umbgrove, J. H. F." box="[853,1037,925,951]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref27118" refString="Umbgrove, J. H. F. (1939) Madreporaria from the Bay of Batavia. Zool. Meded., 22, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1939">Umbgrove, 1939</bibRefCitation>
) but has not been reported from this locality since then (van der
<bibRefCitation id="8527A6C39813FF920E2944C5FC1FFC46" author="van Meij van der, S. E. T, &amp; Hoeksema, B. W." box="[775,952,997,1024]" pageId="29" pageNumber="159" pagination="1442 - 1454" refId="ref27147" refString="van Meij van der, S. E. T, Suharsono. &amp; Hoeksema, B. W. (2010) Long-term changes in coral assemblages under natural and anthropogenic stress in Jakarta Bay (1920 - 2005). Mar. Pollut. Bull., 60, 1442 - 1454." type="journal article" year="2010">Meij et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
). The reef conditions around this island, which is located nearshore and close to Jakarta, have degraded in the last decades (Cleary et al., 2006, 2008, 2014).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink