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<document id="3CBE180FD618A983880FC66377DC67ED" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4500.4.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5297792" ID-ZooBank="70672C0A-EC78-40BA-85EE-6206184CE0F0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630087137194" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Lago-Barcia, Domingo &amp; Carbayo, Fernando" docDate="2018" docId="4F7187CFC545FFFCD5A8F0ECFECAF80D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4500.4.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4500 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cratera picuia Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo 2018, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="536" masterDocId="B348FFB7C555FFEFD53FF64FFF9FFF96" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of four species of the Neotropical land planarian genera Cratera and Geoplana (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) with a description of two new species and an emendation of Cratera" masterLastPageNumber="542" masterPageNumber="517" pageNumber="533" updateTime="1699141755645" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="A3EB4CAE92AE00B6F8D5ADD75E179D83" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="8FDA29FDFBFA43BAEF161BF65AC836D2">
<mods:title id="D52679F9CC65CD154DCAEC670D28283E">Taxonomic revision of four species of the Neotropical land planarian genera Cratera and Geoplana (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) with a description of two new species and an emendation of Cratera</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="57E4FDBC9BCCFC7AB684385F21DE5185" type="personal">
<mods:role id="545BA852DB6BB4883BFFEF5D4E39C1E9">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="02B7A0EAA86F35776B2242EB6F9B72F2">Lago-Barcia, Domingo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4284C553E4336CF306F670E660A9841B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1007A09A55AD22370C10481FF17DFA4F">
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<mods:namePart id="4C224605CAA6B67874902736E08A84FA">Carbayo, Fernando</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="F3C222BBC05408E8FADBA4461F710BB7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D839837105E1DAD39CA1C2AF3ABEEC8B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="C4093F2B3A837E9747451C3CD7557C0E">
<mods:date id="57AC36F109B0E47E226835F36901636B">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2F1D7471CB1A4301E5DB3A460BE229B1">2018-10-18</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="C1E04E2CAB468F293833B251C6CAAE1F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="C6EE2298CA6F94D05E6ABC7DB78646C5">4500</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2E4E19A6A58CD8500D6F54D2783DC080">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="90102E9362E23C95881FA9F41528E7CA">517</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="C9B18654CBCCF0F312DFFA78836E4C44">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="7FA12DC7EEC3893C6ACA4A9C6BDD9D87" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4500.4.3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="199C823F53442C4A13202DB7D7071FE7" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
<treatment id="4F7187CFC545FFFCD5A8F0ECFECAF80D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F7187CFC545FFFCD5A8F0ECFECAF80D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F7187CFC545FFFCD5A8F0ECFECAF80D" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="536" pageId="16" pageNumber="533">
<subSubSection id="8FC26552C545FFFFD5A8F0ECFE9BF896" pageId="16" pageNumber="533" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C76736D9C545FFFFD5A8F0ECFE10F928" blockId="16.[151,399,1699,1726]" box="[151,399,1699,1726]" pageId="16" pageNumber="533">
<heading id="9C2F81B5C545FFFFD5A8F0ECFE10F928" bold="true" box="[151,399,1699,1726]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="533" reason="1">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC545FFFFD5A8F0ECFE10F928" bold="true" box="[151,399,1699,1726]" pageId="16" pageNumber="533">
<taxonomicName id="00D84D5AC545FFFFD5A8F0ECFED9F92B" authority="Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo, 2018" authorityName="Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,326,1699,1725]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="533" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="picuia" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC545FFFFD5A8F0ECFED9F92B" bold="true" box="[151,326,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="533">Cratera picuia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EE9F57B0C545FFFFD472F0EBFE10F928" box="[333,399,1700,1726]" pageId="16" pageNumber="533" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C76736D9C545FFFFD5A8F0A5FE9BF896" blockId="16.[151,872,1770,1823]" box="[151,260,1770,1792]" pageId="16" pageNumber="533">Synonymy</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FC26552C545FFFFD5A8F146FCF7F889" box="[151,872,1801,1823]" pageId="16" pageNumber="533" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C76736D9C545FFFFD5A8F146FCF7F889" blockId="16.[151,872,1770,1823]" box="[151,872,1801,1823]" pageId="16" pageNumber="533">
<taxonomicName id="00D84D5AC545FFFFD5A8F146FEB1F889" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,302,1801,1823]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="533" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hina">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC545FFFFD5A8F146FEB1F889" box="[151,302,1801,1823]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="533">Geoplana hina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A3494B28C545FFFFD404F146FD93F889" author="Carbayo, F. &amp; Alvarez-Presas, M. &amp; Olivares, M. T. &amp; Marques, F. P. L. &amp; Froehlich, E. M. &amp; Riutort, M." box="[315,524,1801,1823]" pageId="16" pageNumber="533" pagination="508 - 528" refId="ref14412" refString="Carbayo, F., Alvarez-Presas, M., Olivares, M. T., Marques, F. P. L., Froehlich, E. M. &amp; Riutort, M. (2013) Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: proposal of taxonomic actions. Zoologica Scripta, 42, 508 - 528. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12019" type="journal article" year="2013">
Carbayo
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC545FFFFD4A8F145FE5BF889" box="[407,452,1801,1823]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="533">et al</emphasis>
., 2013
</bibRefCitation>
, non
<taxonomicName id="00D84D5AC545FFFFD77DF146FCF7F889" authority="(Marcus, 1951)" authorityName="Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[578,872,1801,1823]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="533" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hina">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC545FFFFD77DF146FD59F889" box="[578,710,1801,1823]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="533">Cratera hina</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A3494B28C545FFFFD7ECF146FCFEF889" author="Marcus, E." box="[723,865,1801,1823]" pageId="16" pageNumber="533" pagination="5 - 215" refId="ref14818" refString="Marcus, E. (1951) Turbellaria brasileiros (9). Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia, 16, 5 - 215." type="journal article" year="1951">Marcus, 1951</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FC26552C545FFFFD5A8F103FC68F847" pageId="16" pageNumber="533" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C76736D9C545FFFFD5A8F103FC68F847" blockId="16.[151,1436,1868,2037]" pageId="16" pageNumber="533">
Type material.
<materialsCitation id="77B03C84C545FFFFD46CF103FC68F847" collectingDate="2008-01-10" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="F. Carbayo" country="Brazil" county="State" latitude="25.76437" location="Parque Nacional Saint-Hilaire" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-48.62266" municipality="Matinhos" pageId="16" pageNumber="533" specimenCode="PL 1008" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Parana" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC545FFFFD46CF103FD8CF8F3" bold="true" box="[339,531,1868,1893]" pageId="16" pageNumber="533">
<typeStatus id="1863887BC545FFFFD46CF103FE5FF8F3" box="[339,448,1868,1893]" pageId="16" pageNumber="533" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
F1613
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="A1C9AE1CC545FFFFD719F103FD1AF8F3" box="[550,645,1868,1893]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="16" pageNumber="533">MZUSP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="977E9EA2C545FFFFD7AFF103FD67F8F3" box="[656,760,1868,1893]" collectionCode="PL" country="Czech Republic" name="Západoceské muzeum v Plzni" pageId="16" pageNumber="533" type="Museum">PL 1008</specimenCode>
):
<location id="C2076002C545FFFFD630F103FBF5F8F3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F7187CFC545FFFCD5A8F0ECFECAF80D:C2076002C545FFFFD630F103FBF5F8F3" box="[783,1130,1868,1893]" country="Brazil" county="State" latitude="25.76437" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-48.62266" municipality="Matinhos" name="Parque Nacional Saint-Hilaire" pageId="16" pageNumber="533" stateProvince="Parana">Parque Nacional Saint-Hilaire</location>
/
<location id="C2076002C545FFFFD14DF103FB27F8F3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F7187CFC545FFFCD5A8F0ECFECAF80D:C2076002C545FFFFD14DF103FB27F8F3" box="[1138,1208,1868,1893]" country="Brazil" county="State" latitude="25.76437" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-48.62266" municipality="Matinhos" name="Lange" pageId="16" pageNumber="533" stateProvince="Parana">Lange</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="2703ACA3C545FFFFD1F8F103FAABF8F3" box="[1223,1332,1868,1893]" pageId="16" pageNumber="533">Matinhos</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="2E064E55C545FFFFD07DF103FAE5F8F3" box="[1346,1402,1868,1893]" pageId="16" pageNumber="533">State</collectingCounty>
of
<collectingRegion id="051CF83BC545FFFFD5A8F120FF79F81E" box="[151,230,1903,1928]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="16" pageNumber="533">Paraná</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="BFCF7649C545FFFFD5CAF120FEA6F81E" box="[245,313,1903,1928]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="533">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A2EC501EC545FFFFD473F120FE26F81E" box="[332,441,1903,1928]" degrees="25.76437" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="533" precision="1" value="25.76437">25.76437</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A2EC501EC545FFFFD4F7F120FDDFF81E" box="[456,576,1903,1928]" degrees="48.62266" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="533" precision="1" value="-48.62266">-48.62266</geoCoordinate>
).
<collectorName id="6A2D530FC545FFFFD769F13FFD4BF81E" box="[598,724,1903,1928]" pageId="16" pageNumber="533">F. Carbayo</collectorName>
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC545FFFFD7E0F13EFC8BF81E" box="[735,788,1903,1928]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="533">et al</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC545FFFFD61AF120FCD0F81E" box="[805,847,1903,1928]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="533">coll</emphasis>
.,
<date id="B3661019C545FFFFD657F120FBB3F81E" box="[872,1068,1903,1928]" pageId="16" pageNumber="533" value="2008-01-10">
<collectingDate id="A322E9F1C545FFFFD657F120FBB3F81E" box="[872,1068,1903,1928]" pageId="16" pageNumber="533" value="2008-01-10">10 January 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
, transverse sections of cephalic region on 11 slides; horizontal sections of ovaries region on 10 slides; transverse sections of prepharyngeal region on 9 slides; sagittal sections of pharynx and copulatory apparatus on 7 slides.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FC26552C545FFFFD5F8F193FA0DF863" box="[199,1426,2012,2037]" pageId="16" pageNumber="533" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C76736D9C545FFFFD5F8F193FA0DF863" blockId="16.[151,1436,1868,2037]" box="[199,1426,2012,2037]" pageId="16" pageNumber="533">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC545FFFFD5F8F193FEFFF863" bold="true" box="[199,352,2012,2037]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="533" reason="1">Distribution.</emphasis>
Only known from the
<typeStatus id="1863887BC545FFFFD75FF193FD0FF862" box="[608,656,2012,2036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="533">type</typeStatus>
locality, Parque Nacional Saint-Hilaire/Lange, Matinhos/
<collectingRegion id="051CF83BC545FFFFD028F193FAA5F863" box="[1303,1338,2012,2037]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="16" pageNumber="533">PR</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="BFCF7649C545FFFFD079F193FA11F863" box="[1350,1422,2012,2037]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="533">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FC26552C544FFFED5F8F6D8FC28FF6E" pageId="17" pageNumber="534" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="C76736D9C544FFFED5F8F6D8FC28FF6E" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="534">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC544FFFED5F8F6D8FED1FF26" bold="true" box="[199,334,151,176]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="534" reason="1">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name
<taxonomicName id="00D84D5AC544FFFED4E8F6D7FD82FF39" authorityName="Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2018" box="[471,541,152,175]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="17" pageNumber="534" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="picuia">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC544FFFED4E8F6D7FD82FF39" box="[471,541,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="534">picuia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a free composition of the Tupi (indigenous Brazilian language) words
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC544FFFED0BEF6D6FA04FF26" box="[1409,1435,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="534">py</emphasis>
(meaning
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC544FFFED434F6F3FED1FF43" box="[267,334,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="534">inside</emphasis>
) and
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC544FFFED4ABF6F2FE5BFF42" box="[404,452,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="534">cuia</emphasis>
(meaning
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC544FFFED77CF6F3FD1AFF43" box="[579,645,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="534">gourd</emphasis>
, the dried shell of a cucurbit plant (
<bibRefCitation id="A3494B28C544FFFED111F6F3FB4CFF43" author="Tibirica, L. C." box="[1070,1235,188,213]" pageId="17" pageNumber="534" refId="ref15239" refString="Tibirica, L. C. (1984) Dicionario Tupi-Portugues. Traco ed., Sao Paulo, pp. 200." type="book" year="1984">Tibiriçá, 1984</bibRefCitation>
)). It refers to the uncommon, inner location of the prostatic vesicle inside the penis bulb.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FC26552C544FFFED5F8F74BFAC5FEF3" pageId="17" pageNumber="534" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="C76736D9C544FFFED5F8F74BFAC5FEF3" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="534">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC544FFFED5F8F74BFEDEFE8B" bold="true" box="[199,321,260,285]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="534" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Species of
<taxonomicName id="00D84D5AC544FFFED4FDF74BFD84FE8D" box="[450,539,260,283]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="17" pageNumber="534" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC544FFFED4FDF74BFD84FE8D" box="[450,539,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="534">Cratera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with dorsal color comprising a pair of pearl orange paramedian bands separated by a median ivory-colored band, and paired oyster-white marginal bands, each one longitudinally divided in half by black grey spots. Prostatic vesicle canalicular, located inside penis bulb. Ejaculatory duct not dilated distally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FC26552C544FFFCD5F8F720FCA9F9C1" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="536" pageId="17" pageNumber="534" type="description">
<paragraph id="C76736D9C544FFFED5F8F720FC7EFCCB" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="534">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC544FFFED5F8F720FEC7FE11" box="[199,344,367,392]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="534" reason="1">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC544FFFED5F8F720FECEFE1E" bold="true" box="[199,337,367,392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="534">Description</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC544FFFED45AF720FDB3FE1E" bold="true" box="[357,556,367,392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="534">External aspect.</emphasis>
Live
<typeStatus id="1863887BC544FFFED745F720FD43FE1E" box="[634,732,367,392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="534" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
with elongated body, with margins approximately parallel; anterior extremity of the body damaged during handling and lost ca.
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; posterior end damaged, but pointed. Dorsum convex, ventral side slightly convex. Dorsal color comprises a pair of pearl orange paramedian bands (1.5/ 7th) separated by a median ivory-colored band (1/7th of body width), and paired oyster white marginal bands (1/ 7th) each one longitudinally divided in half by black grey spots which become more abundant posteriorly so as to create an irregular longitudinal stripe (
<figureCitation id="5FE32A5CC544FFFED773F46BFD2BFDAB" box="[588,692,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1721,1743]" captionTargetBox="[187,1421,211,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-70@18.[170,1437,198,1670]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Cratera picuia sp. n. Holotype. (A): dorsal view of the live specimen. (B): photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx. (C): photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus. (D): diagrammatic representation of the copulatory apparatus from sagittal sections." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5297814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5297814/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="534">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
). Ventral body surface, white. After fixation, body became cream with the exception of the black grey lines, which became brown grey. Preserved
<typeStatus id="1863887BC544FFFED116F408FB14FDF6" box="[1065,1163,583,608]" pageId="17" pageNumber="534" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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long, and
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wide. Eyes monolobulated, 50 µm in diameter. A ~
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long section of anterior apex of the body was lost; it is assumed they contour cephalic region. They spread over dorsum from anterior extremity, backwards. At the level of the pharynx they extend on a lateral band, on each side of the body, with 1/3 of the body width. From that region towards the posterior extremity they spread on a band progressively narrower. On black-brownish bands, small halos around each eye. Sensory pits are 30 µm deep invaginations arranged in a single row. It is assumed sensory pits contour anterior end. Behind, sensory pits extend backwards to at least a length equal to 36% of body length. Relative mouth:body length, 68% and relative gonopore:body length, 75%.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C76736D9C544FFFED5F8F528FE1EFC7B" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="534">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC544FFFED5F8F528FE55FC16" bold="true" box="[199,458,871,896]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="534" reason="1">Internal morphology.</emphasis>
Creeping sole occupies 88% ventral body width. Rhabditogen cells and erythrophil glands producing erythrophil fine granules pierce dorsal epidermis. Glandular margin comprised of
<specimenCount id="D1DEFD50C544FFFED031F5C3FAE4FC32" box="[1294,1403,908,932]" pageId="17" pageNumber="534" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
of glands producing granules, erythrophil and xanthophil, respectively. Ventral epidermis pierced by glands producing erythrophil granules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C76736D9C544FFFED5F8F5B8FEEDFB55" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="534">
Cutaneous musculature with the usual three layers present in the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="00D84D5AC544FFFED12BF5B8FB39FB86" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1857" box="[1044,1190,1015,1040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="534" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Geoplaninae">Geoplaninae</taxonomicName>
: subepithelial circular (one-fiber thick), diagonal with decussate bundles (5 µm thick) and an innermost longitudinal layer (27 µm thick dorsally, 47 µm ventrally), the latter is arranged in bundles. Cutaneous musculature as thick as 9% of body height. Parenchymal musculature composed of three muscular layers: a dorsal layer with diagonal decussate fibers (20-25 µm thick), a supraintestinal (70 µm thick) loose layers and a subintestinal transverse layer (50 µm thick). Ventral nerve plate present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C76736D9C544FFFED5F8F280FC68FA9B" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="534">
Relative position mouth:pharyngeal pouch length, of 72% (
<figureCitation id="5FE32A5CC544FFFED640F280FC76FB7E" box="[895,1001,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1721,1743]" captionTargetBox="[187,1421,211,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-70@18.[170,1437,198,1670]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Cratera picuia sp. n. Holotype. (A): dorsal view of the live specimen. (B): photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx. (C): photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus. (D): diagrammatic representation of the copulatory apparatus from sagittal sections." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5297814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5297814/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="534">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
). Pharynx cylindrical, with its dorsal insertion placed backwards. Esophagus present, with 30% of pharynx length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C76736D9C544FFFED5F8F358FD96FA56" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="534">Close to the insertions of the pharynx, outer epithelium of the pharynx underlain by a thin layer (3 µm thick) of longitudinal muscle, followed by a thin layer of circular fibers (5 µm thick). Under epithelium of the distal section of the pharynx, the longitudinal layer seems to be absent. Inner pharynx musculature consisting of a subepithelial layer (2 µm thick) of longitudinal musculature, followed by a circular layer (80 um thick) and an outermost 10 um thick layer of longitudinal fibers.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C76736D9C544FFFED5F8F383FD20F84B" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="534">
Testes dorsally located between intestinal branches. Testes are arranged in single-to-double row on each side of the body. They extend from
<quantity id="00209B3CC544FFFED4E4F3A0FDADF991" box="[475,562,1519,1544]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="534" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
behind the level of the ovaries (equal to 30% of the body length) to
<quantity id="00209B3CC544FFFED07AF3A0FA02F991" box="[1349,1437,1519,1544]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="534" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
before the root of the pharynx (equal to 59% of the body length). Penis bulb consisting of packed muscle fibers variously oriented. This bulb extends from 0.3 millimeters anterior to penis papilla to envelope the anterior
<quantity id="00209B3CC544FFFED054F078FF5CF9E5" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="534" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
of the male atrium. In their distal section, sperm ducts run medially to join below the level of the ventral insertion of the penis papilla (
<figureCitation id="5FE32A5CC544FFFED4D3F030FDCDF90E" box="[492,594,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1721,1743]" captionTargetBox="[187,1421,211,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-70@18.[170,1437,198,1670]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Cratera picuia sp. n. Holotype. (A): dorsal view of the live specimen. (B): photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx. (C): photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus. (D): diagrammatic representation of the copulatory apparatus from sagittal sections." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5297814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5297814/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="534">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
), and subsequently continuing with the intrabulbar prostatic vesicle (
<figureCitation id="5FE32A5CC544FFFED05BF030FF59F92B" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1721,1743]" captionTargetBox="[187,1421,211,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-70@18.[170,1437,198,1670]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Cratera picuia sp. n. Holotype. (A): dorsal view of the live specimen. (B): photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx. (C): photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus. (D): diagrammatic representation of the copulatory apparatus from sagittal sections." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5297814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5297814/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="534">Figs. 11D</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="5FE32A5CC544FFFED43DF0EBFEA9F92B" box="[258,310,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="19.[151,250,756,778]" captionTargetBox="[171,1435,217,710]" captionTargetId="figure-580@19.[151,1436,193,734]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 12. Cratera picuia sp. n. Holotype. (A): photomicrograph of a sagittal section showing the intrabulbar position of the prostatic vesicle. (B): photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the tip of penis papilla. (C): photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the female genital canal and female atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5297816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5297816/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="534">12A</figureCitation>
). The prostatic vesicle is canalicular, with proximal portion running anteriorly, and distal, shorter portion running posteriorly. Prostatic vesicle lined by a columnar, ciliated epithelium, which is surrounded by a 10 µm thick circular muscle. Glands producing intense erythrophil granules open into prostatic vesicle. The anteriormost portion of the ejaculatory duct is out of the penis papilla and is slightly sinuous. Most of the ejaculatory duct runs straight through the ventral portion of the penis papilla. The ejaculatory duct is lined with a cuboidal, ciliated epithelium. It is surrounded by a 15 µm thick circular muscle. The lumen of ejaculatory duct is 10 µm in diameter proximally; very gradually it narrows to 5 µm distally before opening at the tip of the penis papilla (
<figureCitation id="5FE32A5CC544FFFED5A0F1EFFE95F82F" box="[159,266,1952,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="19.[151,250,756,778]" captionTargetBox="[171,1435,217,710]" captionTargetId="figure-580@19.[151,1436,193,734]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 12. Cratera picuia sp. n. Holotype. (A): photomicrograph of a sagittal section showing the intrabulbar position of the prostatic vesicle. (B): photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the tip of penis papilla. (C): photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the female genital canal and female atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5297816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5297816/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="534">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
). There is no distal widening of the ejaculatory duct. Anterior 3/4th of this duct is pierced by very numerous glands producing erythrophil granules.
</paragraph>
<caption id="93A76651C547FFFDD5A8F0F6FDCEF89A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5297814" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5297814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5297814/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="535" startId="18.[151,250,1721,1743]" targetBox="[187,1421,211,1645]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="C76736D9C547FFFDD5A8F0F6FDCEF89A" blockId="18.[151,1436,1721,1804]" pageId="18" pageNumber="535">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC547FFFDD5A8F0F6FE87F958" bold="true" box="[151,280,1721,1743]" pageId="18" pageNumber="535">FIGURE 11</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="00D84D5AC547FFFDD41BF0F6FE25F959" authority="Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo, 2018" authorityName="Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2018" box="[292,442,1721,1743]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="18" pageNumber="535" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="picuia" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC547FFFDD41BF0F6FE25F959" box="[292,442,1721,1743]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="535">Cratera picuia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC547FFFDD4FEF0F6FE65F958" bold="true" box="[449,506,1721,1742]" pageId="18" pageNumber="535">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EE9F57B0C547FFFDD4FEF0F6FE65F958" box="[449,506,1721,1742]" pageId="18" pageNumber="535" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Holotype. (A): dorsal view of the live specimen. (B): photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx. (C): photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus. (D): diagrammatic representation of the copulatory apparatus from sagittal sections.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="93A76651C546FFFCD5A8F4BBFDF6FCD1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5297816" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5297816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5297816/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="536" startId="19.[151,250,756,778]" targetBox="[171,1435,217,710]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="C76736D9C546FFFCD5A8F4BBFDF6FCD1" blockId="19.[151,1436,756,839]" pageId="19" pageNumber="536">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC546FFFCD5A8F4BBFE87FC9F" bold="true" box="[151,280,756,778]" pageId="19" pageNumber="536">FIGURE 12</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="00D84D5AC546FFFCD41BF4BBFE25FC9F" authority="Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo, 2018" authorityName="Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2018" box="[292,442,756,778]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="19" pageNumber="536" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="picuia" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC546FFFCD41BF4BBFE25FC9F" box="[292,442,756,778]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="536">Cratera picuia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC546FFFCD4FFF4BBFE67FC9F" bold="true" box="[448,504,756,777]" pageId="19" pageNumber="536">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EE9F57B0C546FFFCD4FFF4BBFE67FC9F" box="[448,504,756,777]" pageId="19" pageNumber="536" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Holotype. (A): photomicrograph of a sagittal section showing the intrabulbar position of the prostatic vesicle. (B): photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the tip of penis papilla. (C): photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the female genital canal and female atrium.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C76736D9C546FFFCD5F8F521FAE2FB15" blockId="19.[151,1437,878,1947]" pageId="19" pageNumber="536">Penis papilla relatively conical, with its dorsal insertion slightly anterior than the ventral. It exceeds the gonopore level to occupy anterior half of the female atrium. Anteriorly, this papilla is lined with a columnar epithelium; gradually, this epithelium passes to squamous. Penis papilla epithelium is underlain by a circular muscle (18 µm thick), followed by a longitudinal muscle (4 µm thick). Most epithelium of penis papilla is pierced by glands producing xanthophil granules, but they are most abundant along distal half. Glands producing cyanophil granuels are scarce and restricted to the proximal, dorsal half of the epithelium. Male atrium not folded. It is lined with a cuboidal, non-ciliated epithelium, and is underlain by an 5-10 µm thick circular muscle followed by a 5 um thick longitudinal muscle. Roof of male atrium pierced by a large mass of glands producing cyanophil granules.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C76736D9C546FFFCD5F8F2C1FD2AFA35" blockId="19.[151,1437,878,1947]" pageId="19" pageNumber="536">
The ovaries are ovoid, 400 µm long and 200 µm wide. They are located at a distance from anterior end equal to 28% of body length. The ovovitelline ducts arise from the dorso-lateral aspect of the ovaries. Ovovitelline ducts rise laterally to the female atrium, and join to form the very short common glandular ovovitelline duct (50 µm) above female atrium. Numerous shell glands discharge into final portion of ovovitelline ducts. The common glandular ovovitelline duct joins the long female genital duct (400 µm) (
<figureCitation id="5FE32A5CC546FFFCD6CFF351FBC4FAA1" box="[1008,1115,1310,1335]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="19.[151,250,756,778]" captionTargetBox="[171,1435,217,710]" captionTargetId="figure-580@19.[151,1436,193,734]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 12. Cratera picuia sp. n. Holotype. (A): photomicrograph of a sagittal section showing the intrabulbar position of the prostatic vesicle. (B): photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the tip of penis papilla. (C): photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the female genital canal and female atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5297816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5297816/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="536">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
). This duct is an anteriorly directed projection from the postero-dorsal region of female atrium. It is lined with a columnar, ciliated epithelium which is pierced by glands producing cyanophil granules. The glands piercing this epithelium are scarce but their bodies are abundant surrounding the epithelium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C76736D9C546FFFCD5F8F3E1FCA9F9C1" blockId="19.[151,1437,878,1947]" pageId="19" pageNumber="536">
Female atrium is ample, and not separated from the male atrium. A dorso-lateral fold narrows the lumen of the female atrium. Female:male atrial length is 8.5:10. This female atrium is lined with a nonciliated, columnar epithelium, which is 30 µm high. The female lining epithelium is surrounded by a 10–15 µm thick muscle layer of longitudinal and circular fibers intermingled. This epithelium is pierced by
<specimenCount id="D1DEFD50C546FFFCD13CF054FBEDF9A5" box="[1027,1138,1563,1587]" pageId="19" pageNumber="536" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
of glands, one producing eryhtrophil granules, another producing cyanophil granules.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FC26552C546FFFCD5F8F02DFECAF80D" pageId="19" pageNumber="536" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C76736D9C546FFFCD5F8F02DFECAF80D" blockId="19.[151,1437,878,1947]" pageId="19" pageNumber="536">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC546FFFCD5F8F02DFEA4F9EC" box="[199,315,1634,1659]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="536" reason="1">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC546FFFCD5F8F02DFEABF9ED" bold="true" box="[199,308,1634,1659]" pageId="19" pageNumber="536">Remarks</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
This species was confounded with
<taxonomicName id="00D84D5AC546FFFCD7DFF02CFBAEF9ED" authority="(Marcus, 1951)" authorityName="Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[736,1073,1634,1659]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="19" pageNumber="536" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hina">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC546FFFCD7DFF02CFCE9F9ED" box="[736,886,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="536">Cratera hina</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A3494B28C546FFFCD6B7F02DFBB6F9ED" author="Marcus, E." box="[904,1065,1634,1659]" pageId="19" pageNumber="536" pagination="5 - 215" refId="ref14818" refString="Marcus, E. (1951) Turbellaria brasileiros (9). Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia, 16, 5 - 215." type="journal article" year="1951">Marcus, 1951</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="A3494B28C546FFFCD15CF02DFAFDF9ED" author="Carbayo, F. &amp; Alvarez-Presas, M. &amp; Olivares, M. T. &amp; Marques, F. P. L. &amp; Froehlich, E. M. &amp; Riutort, M." box="[1123,1378,1634,1659]" pageId="19" pageNumber="536" pagination="508 - 528" refId="ref14412" refString="Carbayo, F., Alvarez-Presas, M., Olivares, M. T., Marques, F. P. L., Froehlich, E. M. &amp; Riutort, M. (2013) Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: proposal of taxonomic actions. Zoologica Scripta, 42, 508 - 528. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12019" type="journal article" year="2013">
Carbayo
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC546FFFCD1F2F02CFA9EF9ED" box="[1229,1281,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="536">et al</emphasis>
. (2013)
</bibRefCitation>
. The chromatic pattern of the dorsum of
<taxonomicName id="00D84D5AC546FFFCD76CF0C8FD5EF908" authority="Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo, 2018" authorityName="Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2018" box="[595,705,1671,1694]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="19" pageNumber="536" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="picuia" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC546FFFCD76CF0C8FD5EF908" box="[595,705,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="536">C. picuia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC546FFFCD7EFF0C9FC88F909" bold="true" box="[720,791,1670,1695]" pageId="19" pageNumber="536">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EE9F57B0C546FFFCD7EFF0C9FC88F909" box="[720,791,1670,1695]" pageId="19" pageNumber="536" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
resembles that of
<taxonomicName id="00D84D5AC546FFFCD13BF0C8FBC1F909" authorityName="Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[1028,1118,1670,1695]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="19" pageNumber="536" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hina">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC546FFFCD13BF0C8FBC1F909" box="[1028,1118,1670,1695]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="536">C. hina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but is not identical. Two circumstances led
<bibRefCitation id="A3494B28C546FFFCD458F0E5FDC7F955" author="Carbayo, F. &amp; Alvarez-Presas, M. &amp; Olivares, M. T. &amp; Marques, F. P. L. &amp; Froehlich, E. M. &amp; Riutort, M." box="[359,600,1706,1731]" pageId="19" pageNumber="536" pagination="508 - 528" refId="ref14412" refString="Carbayo, F., Alvarez-Presas, M., Olivares, M. T., Marques, F. P. L., Froehlich, E. M. &amp; Riutort, M. (2013) Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: proposal of taxonomic actions. Zoologica Scripta, 42, 508 - 528. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12019" type="journal article" year="2013">
Carbayo
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC546FFFCD4F2F0E4FE61F955" box="[461,510,1706,1731]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="536">et al</emphasis>
. (2013)
</bibRefCitation>
to misidentify the specimen (FC, pers. obs.): (a) the fact that intraspecific variation in the dorsal color pattern is not rare in geoplaninids [e.g.
<taxonomicName id="00D84D5AC546FFFCD6B8F081FB64F971" authority="(Graff, 1899)" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[903,1275,1742,1767]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cephaloflexa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="19" pageNumber="536" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bergi">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC546FFFCD6B8F081FBC2F971" box="[903,1117,1742,1767]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="536">Cephaloflexa bergi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A3494B28C546FFFCD154F081FB6CF971" author="Graff, L." box="[1131,1267,1742,1767]" pageId="19" pageNumber="536" refId="ref14789" refString="Graff, L. (1899) Monographie der Turbellarien: II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 574 pp." type="book" year="1899">Graff, 1899</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="00D84D5AC546FFFCD039F081FD94F89D" authority="(Carbayo &amp; Leal-Zanchet, 2001)" baseAuthorityName="Carbayo &amp; Leal-Zanchet" baseAuthorityYear="2001" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="19" pageNumber="536" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="josefi">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC546FFFCD039F081FA04F971" box="[1286,1435,1742,1767]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="536">Obama josefi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A3494B28C546FFFCD5A1F0BDFD9CF89D" author="Carbayo, F. &amp; Leal-Zanchet, A. M." box="[158,515,1778,1803]" pageId="19" pageNumber="536" pagination="437 - 447" refId="ref14352" refString="Carbayo, F. &amp; Leal-Zanchet, A. M. (2001) A new species of terrestrial planarian (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Terricola) from South Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 61 (3), 437 - 447. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1519 - 69842001000300013" type="journal article" year="2001">Carbayo &amp; Leal-Zanchet, 2001</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="00D84D5AC546FFFCD728F0BCFC13F89D" authority="Carbayo et al., 2016" authorityName="Carbayo" authorityYear="2016" box="[535,908,1778,1803]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="19" pageNumber="536" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nungara">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC546FFFCD728F0BCFD06F89C" box="[535,665,1779,1802]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="536">O. nungara</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A3494B28C546FFFCD79FF0BDFC13F89D" author="Carbayo, F. &amp; Alvarez-Presas, M. &amp; Jones, H. D. &amp; Riutort, M." box="[672,908,1778,1803]" pageId="19" pageNumber="536" pagination="5 - 28" refId="ref14557" refString="Carbayo, F., Alvarez-Presas, M., Jones, H. D. &amp; Riutort, M. (2016) The true identity of Obama (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae) flatworm spreading across Europe. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 177, 5 - 28. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12358" type="journal article" year="2016">
Carbayo
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC546FFFCD638F0BCFCA6F89D" box="[775,825,1778,1803]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="536">et al</emphasis>
., 2016
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
]; and (b) the close resemblance of the shape of the internal organs of the new species, even the location of the prostatic vesicle, with that of the original description of
<taxonomicName id="00D84D5AC546FFFCD58AF174FE98F8C5" authorityName="Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[181,263,1850,1875]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="19" pageNumber="536" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hina">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC546FFFCD58AF174FE98F8C5" box="[181,263,1850,1875]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="536">C. hina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, as shown above, in
<taxonomicName id="00D84D5AC546FFFCD75BF174FD29F8C5" authorityName="Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[612,694,1850,1875]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="19" pageNumber="536" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hina">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC546FFFCD75BF174FD29F8C5" box="[612,694,1850,1875]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="536">C. hina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the prostatic vesicle is extrabulbar, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="00D84D5AC546FFFCD1F8F174FAB2F8C4" authority="Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo, 2018" authorityName="Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2018" box="[1223,1325,1851,1874]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="19" pageNumber="536" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="picuia" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC546FFFCD1F8F174FAB2F8C4" box="[1223,1325,1851,1874]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="536">C. picuia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC546FFFCD00BF175FAECF8C5" bold="true" box="[1332,1395,1850,1875]" pageId="19" pageNumber="536">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EE9F57B0C546FFFCD00BF175FAECF8C5" box="[1332,1395,1850,1875]" pageId="19" pageNumber="536" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
the prostatic vesicle is intrabulbar. This latter trait is unique in
<taxonomicName id="00D84D5AC546FFFCD60FF110FC16F8E0" box="[816,905,1887,1910]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="19" pageNumber="536" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC546FFFCD60FF110FC16F8E0" box="[816,905,1887,1910]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="536">Cratera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and differentiates readily
<taxonomicName id="00D84D5AC546FFFCD18FF110FA88F8E0" authority="Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo, 2018" authorityName="Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo" authorityYear="2018" box="[1200,1303,1887,1910]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="19" pageNumber="536" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="picuia" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC546FFFCD18FF110FA88F8E0" box="[1200,1303,1887,1910]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="536">C. picuia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC546FFFCD021F111FAC1F8E1" bold="true" box="[1310,1374,1886,1911]" pageId="19" pageNumber="536">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EE9F57B0C546FFFCD021F111FAC1F8E1" box="[1310,1374,1886,1911]" pageId="19" pageNumber="536" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from all its congeners.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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