394 lines
50 KiB
XML
394 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document id="953128418A9579489695CED5B3627F68" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4028.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2c603243-ea11-4169-9f2d-244c653e1703" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="232682" ID-ZooBank="1F5BEBE1-4BAE-4EB4-8BDE-ACA0FF2D1866" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461286835024" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Garrouste, Romain & Nel, André" docDate="2015" docId="CF6C9266AA66525D17AB67F7FCF1F9E7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04028p366.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4028 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pseudostenolestes bechlyi Garrouste & Nel, 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="364" masterDocId="3355EA1EAA615257173C6760FF91FFEF" masterDocTitle="New Eocene damselflies and first Cenozoic damsel-dragonfly of the isophlebiopteran lineage (Insecta: Odonata)" masterLastPageNumber="366" masterPageNumber="354" pageNumber="361" updateTime="1698615234362" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="F1299997D00445EBFAF073BE95971988" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E2F7F7904ACBFA60C74C3996EB82C008">
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<mods:title id="A9C8E9DFFBDAF62F62EEF24048AC1A58">New Eocene damselflies and first Cenozoic damsel-dragonfly of the isophlebiopteran lineage (Insecta: Odonata)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="37E3B141AAA527D41E227D461B16CB6E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C43E0A426D88770D9F9D818F7B9A4EDD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3153BF1CAD10E8BFB1E58789F9524DA4">Garrouste, Romain</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="2B4E25F8A0EA26237EB8CA3594BF83D2" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="CF20E3CDF8D71E70688854B7EF1BB917">
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<mods:roleTerm id="96F40619CD00AB4E8B04EF98BF99738A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="DEC4F7C5B95DE9947BA1987FF57246E0">Nel, André</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2D3FE76ADA7235EDABFF6E521C2A6044">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="4CED8C661A2AAA021E9EDEFA363B4D52">
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<mods:title id="E70896253DDCF5CE02A0806C83188AE0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="35E8B6C31C38BF386A0BE70FD68BDEE0">
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<mods:date id="6D41075011FC487CD742EB0BFE92A6B6">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="02B350DB42C42C7040967402BD510A8F" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="BCA4385A2C57751C28F84394E7343F80">4028</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="17C807FF3E1E08CAC1E11164431551C5" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="E42715BAD8B59B05DBF6105C95E7C9CB">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="216759AB2E04DEE9B2A744BA79F1B1EE">354</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="5C944D8AEAE8919B830A4D8AC0951DA1">366</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="0CC7D11C89FAC90E16B8116AE081FC28">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C8E57299E318984BACDDB1C9271429BC" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4028.3.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="550BECF66B3DE08E74D5E3A0F00D6E04" type="GBIF-Dataset">2c603243-ea11-4169-9f2d-244c653e1703</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DF24BCDFE5330B475214ABC8E80EA94B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CF6280D0772DCC8E401683B7747F1A06" type="Zenodo-Dep">232682</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="CF6C9266AA66525D17AB67F7FCF1F9E7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6105812" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119641566" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6105812" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CF6C9266AA66525D17AB67F7FCF1F9E7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF6C9266AA66525D17AB67F7FCF1F9E7" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="364" pageId="7" pageNumber="361">
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<subSubSection id="0FDF70FBAA66525017AB67F7FEB1FF3C" pageId="7" pageNumber="361" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="477A2370AA66525017AB67F7FDA3FF5D" blockId="7.[151,562,151,211]" box="[151,562,151,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="361">
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<heading id="1C32941CAA66525017AB67F7FDA3FF5D" bold="true" box="[151,562,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="361" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA66525017AB67F7FDA3FF5D" bold="true" box="[151,562,151,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="361">
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<taxonomicName id="80C558F3AA66525017AB67F7FE5DFF5E" box="[151,460,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumatoneuridae" genus="Pseudostenolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bechlyi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA66525017AB67F7FE5DFF5E" bold="true" box="[151,460,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="361">Pseudostenolestes bechlyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="6E824219AA66525016E867F8FDA3FF5D" box="[468,562,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="361" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="477A2370AA66525017AB67DAFEB1FF3C" blockId="7.[151,562,151,211]" box="[151,288,186,211]" pageId="7" pageNumber="361">
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(
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<figureCitation id="DFFE3FF5AA66525017A367DAFE86FF3C" box="[159,279,186,211]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 8" captionStart-1="FIGURE 9" captionStart-2="FIGURE 10" captionStart-3="FIGURE 11" captionStart-4="FIGURE 12" captionStart-5="FIGURE 13" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1142,1164]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,250,1757,1779]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,250,788,810]" captionStartId-3="8.[151,250,1372,1394]" captionStartId-4="8.[151,250,1875,1897]" captionStartId-5="9.[151,250,620,642]" captionTargetBox-0="[264,1322,515,1120]" captionTargetBox-1="[264,1322,1244,1735]" captionTargetBox-2="[310,1278,199,758]" captionTargetBox-3="[264,1322,890,1350]" captionTargetBox-4="[264,1322,1474,1853]" captionTargetBox-5="[264,1322,193,598]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[264,1323,515,1120]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[264,1323,1244,1735]" captionTargetId-2="figure@8.[303,1283,193,766]" captionTargetId-3="figure@8.[264,1323,890,1350]" captionTargetId-4="figure@8.[264,1323,1474,1853]" captionTargetId-5="figure@9.[264,1323,193,598]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionTargetPageId-5="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 8. Pseudostenolestes bechlyi gen. et sp. nov., holotype MeI 14781 b, photograph of habitus. Scale bar represents 5.0 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 9. Pseudostenolestes bechlyi gen. et sp. nov., holotype MeI 14781 a, photograph of habitus. Scale bar represents 5.0 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 10. Pseudostenolestes bechlyi gen. et sp. nov., holotype MeI 14781 b, drawing of habitus. Scale bar represents 5.0 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 11. Pseudostenolestes bechlyi gen. et sp. nov., paratype MeI 13209, photograph of habitus. Scale bar represents 5.0 mm." captionText-4="FIGURE 12. Pseudostenolestes bechlyi gen. et sp. nov., paratype MeI 14712, photograph of habitus. Scale bar represents 5.0 mm." captionText-5="FIGURE 13. Pseudostenolestes bechlyi gen. et sp. nov., paratype MeI 14794 a, photograph of habitus. Scale bar represents 5.0 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/232690/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/232691/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/232692/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/232693/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/232694/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/232695/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="361">Figs. 8–13</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0FDF70FBAA66525017AB6662FF61FED0" pageId="7" pageNumber="361" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="477A2370AA66525017AB6662FF61FED0" blockId="7.[151,1436,258,463]" pageId="7" pageNumber="361">
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<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA66525017AB6662FE97FEF4" bold="true" box="[151,262,258,283]" pageId="7" pageNumber="361">Material.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="987E9DD2AA66525016316662FEE4FEF4" box="[269,373,258,283]" pageId="7" pageNumber="361" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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specimen MeI 14781a–b,
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<typeStatus id="987E9DD2AA66525015A36663FC9BFEF4" box="[671,778,259,283]" pageId="7" pageNumber="361" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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specimens MeI 13209, MeI 14712, and MeI 14794a–b, all at
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<collectionCode id="21D4BBB5AA665250178E6647FF7DFED0" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[178,236,295,319]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="7" pageNumber="361">SMF</collectionCode>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0FDF70FBAA66525017FB662AFD32FE44" pageId="7" pageNumber="361" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="477A2370AA66525017FB662AFAD6FE8C" blockId="7.[151,1436,258,463]" box="[199,1351,330,355]" pageId="7" pageNumber="361">
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<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA66525017FB662AFEDFFE8C" bold="true" box="[199,334,330,355]" pageId="7" pageNumber="361">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Named after our friend and colleague Günter Bechly, for his contributions in odonatology.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="477A2370AA66525017FB660FFD32FE44" blockId="7.[151,1436,258,463]" pageId="7" pageNumber="361">
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Age and outcrop. Lower Middle Eocene, Geiseltalian (Lower Lutetian), ca. 47 million year old former Maar lake Messel, near Darmstadt, Hesse,
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<collectingCountry id="3FD263E0AA665250150966F3FD0EFE44" box="[565,671,403,427]" name="Germany" pageId="7" pageNumber="361">Germany</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0FDF70FBAA66525E17FB66D6FB3DF8AD" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="363" pageId="7" pageNumber="361" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="477A2370AA66525017FB66D6FAF5FE20" blockId="7.[151,1436,258,463]" box="[199,1380,438,463]" pageId="7" pageNumber="361">
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<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA66525017FB66D6FED0FE20" bold="true" box="[199,321,438,463]" pageId="7" pageNumber="361">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="3FD263E0AA665250167466D7FEF6FE20" box="[328,359,439,463]" name="American Samoa" pageId="7" pageNumber="361">As</collectingCountry>
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for the family, plus presence of a dark metallic zone crossing the wing around nodus level.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="13BA73F8AA66525017AB6316FF57FB45" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232690/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="361" targetBox="[264,1322,515,1120]" targetPageId="7">
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<paragraph id="477A2370AA66525017AB6316FF57FB45" blockId="7.[151,1436,1142,1194]" pageId="7" pageNumber="361">
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<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA66525017AB6316FE82FB64" bold="true" box="[151,275,1142,1164]" pageId="7" pageNumber="361">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="80C558F3AA66525016266316FDB0FB63" box="[282,545,1142,1164]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumatoneuridae" genus="Pseudostenolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bechlyi">
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<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA66525016266316FDB0FB63" box="[282,545,1142,1164]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="361">Pseudostenolestes bechlyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA66525015146316FD56FB64" bold="true" box="[552,711,1142,1163]" pageId="7" pageNumber="361">gen. et sp. nov.</emphasis>
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, holotype MeI 14781b, photograph of habitus. Scale bar represents 5.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="13BA73F8AA66525017AB61BDFF57F8FD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232691/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="361" targetBox="[264,1322,1244,1735]" targetPageId="7">
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<paragraph id="477A2370AA66525017AB61BDFF57F8FD" blockId="7.[151,1436,1757,1810]" pageId="7" pageNumber="361">
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<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA66525017AB61BDFE82F91D" bold="true" box="[151,275,1757,1779]" pageId="7" pageNumber="361">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="80C558F3AA665250162661BDFDB0F91C" box="[282,545,1757,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumatoneuridae" genus="Pseudostenolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="7" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bechlyi">
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<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA665250162661BDFDB0F91C" box="[282,545,1757,1779]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="361">Pseudostenolestes bechlyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA665250151461BEFD56F91C" bold="true" box="[552,711,1758,1779]" pageId="7" pageNumber="361">gen. et sp. nov.</emphasis>
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, holotype MeI 14781a, photograph of habitus. Scale bar represents 5.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="13BA73F8AA69525F17AB6474FF57FCA7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232692/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="362" targetBox="[310,1278,199,758]" targetPageId="8">
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<paragraph id="477A2370AA69525F17AB6474FF57FCA7" blockId="8.[151,1436,788,840]" pageId="8" pageNumber="362">
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<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA69525F17AB6474FEB0FCC6" bold="true" box="[151,289,788,810]" pageId="8" pageNumber="362">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="80C558F3AA69525F16156474FDA1FCC5" box="[297,560,788,810]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumatoneuridae" genus="Pseudostenolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="8" pageNumber="362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bechlyi">
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<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA69525F16156474FDA1FCC5" box="[297,560,788,810]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="362">Pseudostenolestes bechlyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA69525F15056474FD4AFCC6" bold="true" box="[569,731,788,809]" pageId="8" pageNumber="362">gen. et sp. nov.</emphasis>
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, holotype MeI 14781b, drawing of habitus. Scale bar represents 5.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="13BA73F8AA69525F17AB623CFF57FA7E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232693/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="362" targetBox="[264,1322,890,1350]" targetPageId="8">
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||
<paragraph id="477A2370AA69525F17AB623CFF57FA7E" blockId="8.[151,1436,1372,1425]" pageId="8" pageNumber="362">
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<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA69525F17AB623CFE8EFA9E" bold="true" box="[151,287,1372,1394]" pageId="8" pageNumber="362">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="80C558F3AA69525F1619623CFDBCFA9D" box="[293,557,1372,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumatoneuridae" genus="Pseudostenolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="8" pageNumber="362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bechlyi">
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<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA69525F1619623CFDBCFA9D" box="[293,557,1372,1394]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="362">Pseudostenolestes bechlyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA69525F1508623CFD42FA9E" bold="true" box="[564,723,1372,1393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="362">gen. et sp. nov.</emphasis>
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, paratype MeI 13209, photograph of habitus. Scale bar represents 5.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="13BA73F8AA69525F17AB6033FF57F868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232694/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="362" targetBox="[264,1322,1474,1853]" targetPageId="8">
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||
<paragraph id="477A2370AA69525F17AB6033FF57F868" blockId="8.[151,1436,1875,1927]" pageId="8" pageNumber="362">
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<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA69525F17AB6033FEB1F887" bold="true" box="[151,288,1875,1897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="362">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="80C558F3AA69525F161B6033FDBFF886" box="[295,558,1875,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumatoneuridae" genus="Pseudostenolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="8" pageNumber="362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bechlyi">
|
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<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA69525F161B6033FDBFF886" box="[295,558,1875,1897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="362">Pseudostenolestes bechlyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA69525F15096033FD45F887" bold="true" box="[565,724,1875,1896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="362">gen. et sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
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, paratype MeI 14712, photograph of habitus. Scale bar represents 5.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
|
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<caption id="13BA73F8AA68525E17AB650CFF57FD4F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232695/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" targetBox="[264,1322,193,598]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="477A2370AA68525E17AB650CFF57FD4F" blockId="9.[151,1436,620,672]" pageId="9" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA68525E17AB650CFE8EFD6E" bold="true" box="[151,287,620,642]" pageId="9" pageNumber="363">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C558F3AA68525E1619650CFDBCFD6D" box="[293,557,620,642]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumatoneuridae" genus="Pseudostenolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bechlyi">
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<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA68525E1619650CFDBCFD6D" box="[293,557,620,642]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="363">Pseudostenolestes bechlyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA68525E150F650CFD41FD6E" bold="true" box="[563,720,620,641]" pageId="9" pageNumber="363">gen. et sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
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, paratype MeI 14794a, photograph of habitus. Scale bar represents 5.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="477A2370AA68525E17FB65ACFE8DFA11" blockId="9.[151,1437,716,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA68525E17FB65ACFEF2FD0A" bold="true" box="[199,355,716,741]" pageId="9" pageNumber="363">Descriptions.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimen MeI 14781a–b: MeI 14781a (a hind wing base up to nodus level): length of fragment
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E17AB6591FF6FFCE6" box="[151,254,753,778]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.68" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="26.8">26.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, max. width
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E16AD6591FE7AFCE6" box="[401,491,753,777]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="8.9">8.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; MeI 14781b (apical two-thirds of wing):
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E14F56591FBBFFCE6" box="[969,1070,753,778]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.57" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="25.7">25.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; max. width
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E13C26591FAC9FCE6" box="[1278,1368,753,777]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="8.2">8.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; wing hyaline except for a broad dark area crossing it around nodus; wing ca.
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E148A6475FB8BFCC2" box="[950,1050,789,813]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2299999999999995" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="32.3">32.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E135C6475FB24FCC2" box="[1120,1205,789,813]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="8.9">8.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at nodus level; a very short petiole,
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E16416459FE42FCBE" box="[381,467,825,849]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; anal area with two rows of cells between AA and AP because of the presence of a strong vein emerging from posterior side of subdiscoidal cell in its middle and directed towards wing base; subdiscoidal cell broad and elongate,
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E157B64E1FD0EFC76" box="[583,671,897,921]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E15D664E1FCD3FC76" box="[746,834,897,922]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; CuP vein obliquely oriented between AA and MP+CuA; distance from base to arculus
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E155464C5FD53FC52" box="[616,706,933,957]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, from arculus to nodus
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E14EC64C5FBB8FC52" box="[976,1065,933,958]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="8.6">8.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, from nodus to pterostigma
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E125764C5FF57FC0E" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="12.3">12.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; nodus in a basal position; pterostigma long and broad,
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E147764A9FC32FC0E" box="[843,931,969,994]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="5.2">5.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E14D264A9FBD7FC0E" box="[1006,1094,969,993]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, covering ca. four cells; pterostigmal brace absent; distance from wing base to Ax1
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E1400648DFC07FBEA" box="[828,918,1005,1029]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, from Ax1 to Ax2
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E134D648DFB5BFBEA" box="[1137,1226,1005,1029]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, Ax1 aligned with arculus; at least three supplementary antenodal crossveins of first row between C and ScP distal of Ax2, without corresponding crossvein of second row; discoidal cell unicellular,
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E14406355FC43FBA2" box="[892,978,1077,1102]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E13246355FBFFFBA2" box="[1048,1134,1077,1101]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, distinctly broadened in its distal part, basal side
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E16FF6339FD88FB9E" box="[451,537,1113,1138]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, anterior side
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E15D36339FCD5FB9E" box="[751,836,1113,1137]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, posterior side
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E131B6339FBEDFB9E" box="[1063,1148,1113,1137]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, distal side MAb
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E12456339FF52FB7A" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; ScP not crossing through nodus, unlike in
|
||
<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA68525E15DA631DFCF0FB79" box="[742,865,1149,1174]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="363">Stenolestes</emphasis>
|
||
Scudder, 1895; nodal crossvein oblique; subnodus slightly oblique with corresponding crossvein below (between
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3FD263E0AA68525E14BE63C1FC39FB56" box="[898,936,1185,1209]" name="Poland" pageId="9" pageNumber="363">RP</collectingCountry>
|
||
1/2 and IR2) of inverted obliquity; ca. 17 postnodal crossveins preserved, not aligned with the 18 postsubnodal crossveins; bases of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3FD263E0AA68525E13AC63A5FB25FB32" box="[1168,1204,1221,1245]" name="Poland" pageId="9" pageNumber="363">RP</collectingCountry>
|
||
3/4 and IR2 between arculus and nodus, closer to arculus than to nodus; base of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3FD263E0AA68525E14086389FCC9FAEE" box="[820,856,1257,1281]" name="Poland" pageId="9" pageNumber="363">RP</collectingCountry>
|
||
3/4
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E14BE6389FC48FAEE" box="[898,985,1257,1282]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
from arculus; base of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3FD263E0AA68525E13E46389FB6AFAEE" box="[1240,1275,1257,1281]" name="Poland" pageId="9" pageNumber="363">RP</collectingCountry>
|
||
2 aligned with subnodus; base of IR1 five cells and
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E150F626DFD19FACA" box="[563,648,1293,1317]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
distally; oblique crossvein ‘O’ present two cells distal of base of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3FD263E0AA68525E1258626DFA1BFACA" box="[1380,1418,1293,1317]" name="Poland" pageId="9" pageNumber="363">RP</collectingCountry>
|
||
2; cubito-anal area with four-six rows of cells between CuA and posterior wing margin; CuA reaching posterior wing margin just distal of nodus level; CuA strongly curved; area between MP and posterior wing margin very broad; postdiscoidal area distally widened, with one or two secondary longitudinal veins between MP and MA; area between
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3FD263E0AA68525E17C062FDFEB1FA5A" box="[252,288,1437,1461]" name="Poland" pageId="9" pageNumber="363">RP</collectingCountry>
|
||
3/4 and MA with two secondary longitudinal veins in between; four rows of cells between
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3FD263E0AA68525E121A62FDFADBFA5A" box="[1318,1354,1437,1461]" name="Poland" pageId="9" pageNumber="363">RP</collectingCountry>
|
||
3/4 and IR2 and two rows between
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3FD263E0AA68525E16F262A1FE64FA36" box="[462,501,1473,1497]" name="Poland" pageId="9" pageNumber="363">RP</collectingCountry>
|
||
1 and IR1; three rows of cells between IR1 and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3FD263E0AA68525E133262A1FBA0FA36" box="[1038,1073,1473,1497]" name="Poland" pageId="9" pageNumber="363">RP</collectingCountry>
|
||
2 opposite pterostigma, but only one basally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="477A2370AA68525E17FB6169FBC3F985" blockId="9.[151,1437,716,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="363">
|
||
Specimen MeI 13209 (a nearly complete hind wing). Hyaline except for a metallic colored area crossing it around nodus;
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E1601614DFE30F9AA" box="[317,417,1581,1605]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4299999999999997" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="34.3">34.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E16DB614DFDADF9AA" box="[487,572,1581,1605]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="9.4">9.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at nodus level; length of metallic colored area at costal margin
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E1203614DFA09F9AA" box="[1343,1432,1581,1606]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="6.9">6.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; nearly all preserved details of venation identical to those of specimen MeI 14781a–b.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="477A2370AA68525E17FB6115FD09F939" blockId="9.[151,1437,716,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="363">
|
||
Specimen MeI 14712 (distal two-thirds of a wing). Hyaline except for a metallic colored area around nodus. Preserved part 24.0 mm long; length of metallic colored area at costal margin
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E131361F9FB1DF95E" box="[1071,1164,1689,1714]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="6.9">6.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; all preserved parts are identical to those of specimen MeI 14781a–b.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="477A2370AA68525E17FB6181FB3DF8AD" blockId="9.[151,1437,716,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="363">
|
||
Specimen MeI 14794a–b: fragment MeI 14794a (nearly complete wing)
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E132C6181FBE6F916" box="[1040,1143,1761,1785]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4299999999999997" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="34.3">34.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E13FF6181FA8DF916" box="[1219,1308,1761,1785]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="9.3">9.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; MeI 14794b (fragment of median part of wing): max. width
|
||
<quantity id="803D8E95AA68525E142E6065FCFCF8F2" box="[786,877,1797,1821]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="9.2">9.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. All preserved parts and pattern of coloration are identical to those of specimen MeI 14781a–b, except for the distinctly less oblique subnodus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0FDF70FBAA68525D17FB602DFB05FDD2" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="364" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="477A2370AA68525D17FB602DFB05FDD2" blockId="9.[151,1437,716,2038]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,1544]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="364" pageId="9" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA68525E17FB602DFEDDF889" bold="true" box="[199,332,1869,1894]" pageId="9" pageNumber="363">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
The comparable preserved parts of these wings are nearly identical, supporting their attribution to the same taxon. The presence of discoidal cells of ‘sieblosiid type’ together with the positions of the bases of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3FD263E0AA68525E12586011FA19F866" box="[1380,1416,1905,1929]" name="Poland" pageId="9" pageNumber="363">RP</collectingCountry>
|
||
3/ 4 and IR2 midway between arculus and nodus suggest possible affinities with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C558F3AA68525E13BC60F5FA98F841" box="[1152,1289,1941,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Sieblosiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sieblosiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
or with the Dysagrioninae: Petrolestini. The presence of the oblique vein ‘O’ together supports affinities with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C558F3AA68525E122F60D9FA0DF83D" box="[1299,1436,1977,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Sieblosiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sieblosiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than with the Dysagrioninae. Nevertheless,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C558F3AA68525E15F360BDFC0AF819" box="[719,923,2013,2038]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumatoneuridae" genus="Pseudostenolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA68525E15F360BDFC0AF819" box="[719,923,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="363">Pseudostenolestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
strongly differs from the known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C558F3AA68525E122F60BDFA0DF819" box="[1299,1436,2013,2038]" class="Insecta" family="Sieblosiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="9" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sieblosiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the following characters: shape of nodus with ScP not crossing through it; base of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3FD263E0AA6B525D135367F8FB03FF5F" box="[1135,1170,152,176]" name="Poland" pageId="10" pageNumber="364">RP</collectingCountry>
|
||
2 only one or two cells distal of subnodus instead of being more than five cells distal of it; presence of secondary antenodal crossveins distal of Ax2. Furthermore
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C558F3AA6B525D16EF67BFFD0EFF17" box="[467,671,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumatoneuridae" genus="Pseudostenolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="10" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA6B525D16EF67BFFD0EFF17" box="[467,671,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="364">Pseudostenolestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from both the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C558F3AA6B525D14A167BFFBB7FF17" box="[925,1062,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Sieblosiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="10" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sieblosiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the Dysagrioninae (but also from all Zygoptera) in the very particular organization of the cubito-anal veins, viz. there is a strong vein emerging from posterior side of subdiscoidal cell in its middle and directed towards wing base. This structure constitutes one of the main synapomorphies of the Epiproctophora (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="23545E81AA6B525D15D2662CFC2AFE8B" author="Fleck" box="[750,955,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="364" refString="Fleck, G., Bechly, G., Martinez-Delclos, X., Jarzembowski, E. A., Coram, R. & Nel, A. (2003) Phylogeny and classification of the Stenophlebioptera (Odonata, Epiproctophora). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, (N. S.), 39, 55 - 93." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Fleck
|
||
<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA6B525D140A662DFCE0FE8A" box="[822,881,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="364">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="23545E81AA6B525D14F5662CFBF2FE8B" author="Bechly" box="[969,1123,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="364" refString="Bechly, G. (2014) Phylogenetic systematics of Odonata. Available from: http: // members. tripod. de / GBechly / phylosys. htm (Accessed 7 Oct. 2015)" type="journal article" year="2014">Bechly, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It corresponds to the vein CuAb that is separating from CuAa in the postero-distal angle of the subdiscoidal cell, and is distally meeting with AA to vanish in the basal part of cubito-anal area. This structure is clearly visible in the Heterophlebioptera
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="23545E81AA6B525D127466F4FF43FE3F" author="Bechly" pageId="10" pageNumber="364" refString="Bechly, G. (1996) Morphologische Untersuchungen am Flugelgeader der rezenten Libellen und deren Stammgruppenvertreter (Insecta; Pterygota; Odonata), unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Phylogenetischen Systematik und des Grundplanes der Odonata. Petalura, Special Volume 2, 402 pp." type="book" year="1996">Bechly, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C558F3AA6B525D161A66D7FE42FE3F" box="[294,467,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Epiophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="10" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Epiophlebiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (less distinct in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C558F3AA6B525D158166D7FCE7FE3F" box="[701,886,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Stenophlebiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="10" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Stenophlebiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the Isophlebioptera, but also in the anisopteran
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C558F3AA6B525D17AB66BCFECDFE1A" box="[151,348,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Liassogomphidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="10" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Liassogomphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="23545E81AA6B525D16A166BCFDF6FE1B" author="Fleck" box="[413,615,476,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="364" refString="Fleck, G., Bechly, G., Martinez-Delclos, X., Jarzembowski, E. A., Coram, R. & Nel, A. (2003) Phylogeny and classification of the Stenophlebioptera (Odonata, Epiproctophora). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, (N. S.), 39, 55 - 93." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Fleck
|
||
<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA6B525D16D966BDFDB0FE1A" box="[485,545,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="364">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="23545E81AA6B525D154066BCFCC5FE1B" box="[636,852,476,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="364" refString="Fleck, G., Bechly, G., Martinez-Delclos, X., Jarzembowski, E. A. & Nel, A. (2004) A revision of the Mesozoic dragonfly family Tarsophlebiidae, with a discussion on the phylogenetic positions of the Tarsophlebiidae and Sieblosiidae (Odonatoptera: Panodonata). Geodiversitas, 26, 33 - 60." type="journal article">
|
||
Fleck
|
||
<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA6B525D15F866BDFC91FE1A" box="[708,768,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="364">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C558F3AA6B525D131266BCFB26FE1A" box="[1070,1207,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Sieblosiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="10" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sieblosiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be removed from the Zygoptera and could be the sister group of the Epiproctophora.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C558F3AA6B525D1328669FFB71FDF7" box="[1044,1248,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumatoneuridae" genus="Pseudostenolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="10" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA6B525D1328669FFB71FDF7" box="[1044,1248,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="364">Pseudostenolestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares with the Epiproctophora the synapomorphic presence of a strong CuAb directed towards wing base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0FDF70FBAA6B525D17FB6527FCF1F9E7" pageId="10" pageNumber="364" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="477A2370AA6B525D17FB6527FAFFFB92" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C558F3AA6B525D17FB6527FE02FD8F" box="[199,403,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumatoneuridae" genus="Pseudostenolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="10" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA6B525D17FB6527FE02FD8F" box="[199,403,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="364">Pseudostenolestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a subdiscoidal cell broader than in the Zygoptera and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C558F3AA6B525D13776527FB46FD8F" box="[1099,1239,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Sieblosiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="10" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sieblosiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This character is reminiscent of the situation in the Isophlebioptera in which the hind wing subdiscoidal cell is enlarged and has a bulged posterior margin (Nel
|
||
<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA6B525D16DA65F1FDB1FD47" box="[486,544,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="364">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1993;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="23545E81AA6B525D154A65EFFC9CFD47" author="Bechly" box="[630,781,655,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="364" refString="Bechly, G. (1996) Morphologische Untersuchungen am Flugelgeader der rezenten Libellen und deren Stammgruppenvertreter (Insecta; Pterygota; Odonata), unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Phylogenetischen Systematik und des Grundplanes der Odonata. Petalura, Special Volume 2, 402 pp." type="book" year="1996">Bechly, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="23545E81AA6B525D142565F0FCC7FD47" author="Bechly" box="[793,854,656,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="364" refString="Bechly, G. (2014) Phylogenetic systematics of Odonata. Available from: http: // members. tripod. de / GBechly / phylosys. htm (Accessed 7 Oct. 2015)" type="journal article" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Nevertheless, nearly all the representatives of this clade have subdiscoidal cells broader than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C558F3AA6B525D159E65D4FCFFFD22" box="[674,878,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumatoneuridae" genus="Pseudostenolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="10" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA6B525D159E65D4FCFFFD22" box="[674,878,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="364">Pseudostenolestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a different pattern of the longitudinal veins. Only the Cyclothemistidae,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="23545E81AA6B525D16E265B7FDE4FD1F" author="Bechly" box="[478,629,727,752]" pageId="10" pageNumber="364" refString="Bechly, G. (1996) Morphologische Untersuchungen am Flugelgeader der rezenten Libellen und deren Stammgruppenvertreter (Insecta; Pterygota; Odonata), unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Phylogenetischen Systematik und des Grundplanes der Odonata. Petalura, Special Volume 2, 402 pp." type="book" year="1996">Bechly, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(e.g., Cyclothemistinae
|
||
<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA6B525D14AF65B7FB8CFD1F" box="[915,1053,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="364">Cyclothemis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="23545E81AA6B525D131565B7FB4CFD1F" author="Pritykina" box="[1065,1245,727,752]" pageId="10" pageNumber="364" refString="Pritykina, L. N. (1980) New fossil Odonata from the Mesozoic of Central Asia. In: Dolin, V. G., Panfilov, D. V., Ponomarenko, A. G., and Pritykina, L. N. (Eds.), Mesozoic fossil insects. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, pp. 1 - 134. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1980">Pritykina, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA6B525D122365B7FA0DFD1F" box="[1311,1436,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="364">Shurabiola</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="23545E81AA6B525D17AB659CFEDEFCFB" author="Pritykina" box="[151,335,764,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="364" refString="Pritykina, L. N. (1980) New fossil Odonata from the Mesozoic of Central Asia. In: Dolin, V. G., Panfilov, D. V., Ponomarenko, A. G., and Pritykina, L. N. (Eds.), Mesozoic fossil insects. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, pp. 1 - 134. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1980">Pritykina, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and Pseudotriassothemistinae
|
||
<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA6B525D15F8659CFC3DFCFA" box="[708,940,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="364">Pseudotriassothemis</emphasis>
|
||
), have a subdiscoidal cell as narrow as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C558F3AA6B525D17AB647FFEF2FCD7" box="[151,355,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumatoneuridae" genus="Pseudostenolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="10" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA6B525D17AB647FFEF2FCD7" box="[151,355,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="364">Pseudostenolestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Interestingly the Cyclothemistidae also share with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C558F3AA6B525D1488647FFB11FCD7" box="[948,1152,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumatoneuridae" genus="Pseudostenolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="10" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA6B525D1488647FFB11FCD7" box="[948,1152,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="364">Pseudostenolestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
several other characters, viz. the distal side (MAb) of the discoidal cell is about twice as long as the basal side (= posterior part of arculus); the typical pattern of the longitudinal veins in Isophlebioptera is reversed (the same situation also occurs in the Cyclothemistidae Handlirsch, 1939); thus the postdiscoidal space is not narrowed and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3FD263E0AA6B525D135D64ECFB14FC4B" box="[1121,1157,908,932]" name="Poland" pageId="10" pageNumber="364">RP</collectingCountry>
|
||
3/4 is not parallel to IR2. If the Cyclothemistinae have a narrower cubito-anal area than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C558F3AA6B525D131564CFFB64FC27" box="[1065,1269,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumatoneuridae" genus="Pseudostenolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="10" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA6B525D131564CFFB64FC27" box="[1065,1269,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="364">Pseudostenolestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the Triassic
|
||
<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA6B525D17AB64B4FEEEFC02" box="[151,383,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="364">Pseudotriassothemis</emphasis>
|
||
shares with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C558F3AA6B525D151F64B4FD7EFC02" box="[547,751,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumatoneuridae" genus="Pseudostenolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="10" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA6B525D151F64B4FD7EFC02" box="[547,751,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="364">Pseudostenolestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a broad cubito-anal area. Furthermore the CuP vein of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C558F3AA6B525D17AB6497FEF2FBFF" box="[151,355,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumatoneuridae" genus="Pseudostenolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="10" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA6B525D17AB6497FEF2FBFF" box="[151,355,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="364">Pseudostenolestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is obliquely oriented between AA and MP+CuA. This tendency is achieved in
|
||
<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA6B525D17AB637CFEEEFBDA" box="[151,383,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="364">Pseudotriassothemis</emphasis>
|
||
, in which CuP appears aligned with basal part of AA (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="23545E81AA6B525D133B637CFB2BFBDB" author="Fujiyama" box="[1031,1210,1052,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="364" refString="Fujiyama, I. (1991) Late Triassic insects from Mine, Yamaguchi, Japan. Part 1. Odonata. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, (C), 17, 9 - 56." type="journal article" year="1991">Fujiyama 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C558F3AA6B525D13EC637CFA0DFBDA" box="[1232,1436,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumatoneuridae" genus="Pseudostenolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="10" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA6B525D13EC637CFA0DFBDA" box="[1232,1436,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="364">Pseudostenolestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the Cyclothemistidae in the subnodus aligned with the nodal crossing, instead of being in a more distal position (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="23545E81AA6B525D17C36304FE3BFB93" author="Pritykina" box="[255,426,1124,1149]" pageId="10" pageNumber="364" refString="Pritykina, L. N. (1980) New fossil Odonata from the Mesozoic of Central Asia. In: Dolin, V. G., Panfilov, D. V., Ponomarenko, A. G., and Pritykina, L. N. (Eds.), Mesozoic fossil insects. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, pp. 1 - 134. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1980">Pritykina 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="23545E81AA6B525D168A6304FDF3FB93" author="Fujiyama" box="[438,610,1124,1149]" pageId="10" pageNumber="364" refString="Fujiyama, I. (1991) Late Triassic insects from Mine, Yamaguchi, Japan. Part 1. Odonata. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, (C), 17, 9 - 56." type="journal article" year="1991">Fujiyama 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This important difference is sufficient to justify a family separation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="477A2370AA6B525D17FB63E7FDD9FB07" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="364">
|
||
Mesozoic representatives of the Isophlebioptera have the discoidal cells of the fore and hind wings of different shapes (see Nel
|
||
<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA6B525D167063CDFE15FB2A" box="[332,388,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="364">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1993). Thus we can suppose that the specimens MeI 14781a–b and MeI 13209 correspond to hind wings with closed discoidal cells.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="477A2370AA6B525D17FB6394FCF1F9E7" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C558F3AA6B525D17FB6394FE02FAE2" box="[199,403,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumatoneuridae" genus="Pseudostenolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="10" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA6B525D17FB6394FE02FAE2" box="[199,403,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="364">Pseudostenolestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be considered as the first Cenozoic and youngest Isophlebioptera, while this clade was previously known only between the Upper Triassic and the Lower Cretaceous. This implies a position of ‘ghost’ taxa of the Pseudostenolestidae during the Upper Cretaceous. Until now, if we except the Cenozoic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80C558F3AA6B525D1230625CFA09FABA" box="[1292,1432,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Sieblosiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="10" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sieblosiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the Epiophlebioptera was the unique Mesozoic subclade (except the Anisoptera) of the Epiproctophora that survived the Cretaceous-Cenozoic mass extinction, as it is known by modern species and a very recently discovered taxon in the mid Cretaceous Burmese amber (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="23545E81AA6B525D141762C7FBD6FA2F" author="Bechly" box="[811,1095,1447,1472]" pageId="10" pageNumber="364" refString="Bechly, G. & Poinar, G. O. Jr. (2013) Burmaphlebia reifi gen. et sp. nov., the first anisozygopteran damsel-dragonfly (Odonata: Epiophlebioptera: Burmaphlebiidae fam. nov.) from Early Cretaceous Burmese amber. Historical Biology, an International Journal of Paleobiology, 25, 233 - 237. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2012.753884" type="journal article" year="2013">Bechly and Poinar 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The present discovery of an Isophlebioptera in the Paleogene demonstrates that this clade survived the major odonatological turnover of the Cenomanian-Turonian (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="23545E81AA6B525D169E628FFDDDF9E7" author="Nel" box="[418,588,1519,1544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="364" refString="Nel, A., Nel, P., Petrulevicius, J. F., Perrichot, V., Prokop, J. & Azar, D. (2010) The Wagner Parsimony using Morphological Characters: a new method for palaeosynecological studies. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, (N. S.), 46, 276 - 292." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Nel
|
||
<emphasis id="75B1FF62AA6B525D16EF6291FD9AF9E7" box="[467,523,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="364">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the K-T extinction.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |