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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.298.1913" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3410af4f-dc70-4642-9897-9e09a6296098" ID-PMC="PMC3689107" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-298-39" ID-PubMed="23794884" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-298-39" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 298" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the genus Placospongia (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida, Placospongiidae) in the Indo-West Pacific" checkinTime="1451247311891" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Becking, Leontine E." docDate="2013" docId="4BE2572CEBCC1EA64E269C477C8C623B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 298: 39-76" docOrigin="ZooKeys 298" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.298.1913" docTitle="Placospongia mixta Thiele 1900" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="FFE8630C6963FFA640287A488C11C60B" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Placospongia (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida, Placospongiidae) in the Indo-West Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="76" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1668155801409" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revision of the genus Placospongia (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida, Placospongiidae) in the Indo-West Pacific</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Becking, Leontine E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>298</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>39</mods:start>
<mods:end>76</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.298.1913</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.298.1913</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-298-39</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152043839" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4BE2572CEBCC1EA64E269C477C8C623B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4BE2572CEBCC1EA64E269C477C8C623B" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Placospongia_mixta" authority="Thiele 1900" authorityYear="1900" class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia mixta" order="Clionaida" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mixta">Placospongia mixta Thiele 1900</taxonomicName>
Figure 7
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia mixta" order="Clionaida" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mixta">Placospongia mixta</taxonomicName>
Thiele, 1900: Plate III, fig. 25.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" type="material examined">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Holotype. ZMB 3204, Indonesia, Moluccas, Ternate.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
Vosmaerand &amp; Vernhout (1902), Siboga expedition: RMNH POR. 753, RMNH POR. 751, RMNH POR. 745, RMNH POR. 742. Other material: RMNH POR. 4494, RMNH POR. 4493, RMNH, POR. 4492, RMNH POR. 4491, RMNH POR. 4490, RMNH POR. 4489, RMNH POR. 4113, RMNH POR. 4112, RMNH, POR. 3979, RMNH POR. 3975, RMNH POR. 3974, RMNH POR. 3973, RMNH POR. 3972, RMNH POR. 3971, RMNH POR. 3970, RMNH POR. 3969, RMNH POR. 3968, RMNH POR. 3967, RMNH POR. 3966, RMNH POR. 3965, RMNH
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="51" start="start">POR</pageBreakToken>
. 3964, RMNH POR. 3963, RMNH POR. 3962, RMNH POR. 3961, RMNH POR. 3960, RMNH POR. 3959, RMNH, POR. 3163, RMNH POR. 3158, RMNH POR. 3157, RMNH POR. 3155, RMNH POR. 3148, ZMA Por. 10495, ZMA Por. 896 (See Table 4 for full details per specimen)
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
Table 4. Location details of reviewed specimens of
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia mixta" order="Clionaida" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mixta">Placospongia mixta</taxonomicName>
.&lt;br/&gt;
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<table pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<th colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">registration number</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">fieldcode</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">country</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">province</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">region</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">island</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">locality</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">habitat</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">latitude</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">longitude</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">depth</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">date</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">collector</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-1.7083333">01°42.5'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="130.79167">130°47.5'E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-1.7083333">01°42.5'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="130.79167">130°47.5'E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="1.6049999">01°35'78&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="124.76833">124°46'06&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="1.4016666">01°24'06&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="125.20611">125°12'22&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="1.4572222">01°27'26&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="125.218056">125°13'05&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="1.4572222">01°27'26&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="125.218056">125°13'05&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="1.6158334">01°36'57&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="124.76139">124°45'41&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.14925">02°08'57.3&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="118.524">118°31'26.4&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.14925">02°08'57.3&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="118.524">118°31'26.4&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.14925">02°08'57.3&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="118.524">118°31'26.4&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.1354167">02°08'07.5&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="118.50647">118°30'23.3&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.1354167">02°08'07.5&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="118.50647">118°30'23.3&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.1354167">02°08'07.5&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="118.50647">118°30'23.3&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.1354167">02°08'07.5&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="118.50647">118°30'23.3&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.4548611">00°27'17.5&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="130.49272">130°29'33.8&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.4548611">00°27'17.5&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="130.49272">130°29'33.8&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.30472222">00°18'17.0&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="130.90433">130°54'15.6&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.30472222">00°18'17.0&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="130.90433">130°54'15.6&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.30472222">00°18'17.0&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="130.90433">130°54'15.6&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.30472222">00°18'17.0&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="130.90433">130°54'15.6&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.30472222">00°18'17.0&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="130.90433">130°54'15.6&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.6004167">00°36'01.5&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="130.75223">130°45'08&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.6004167">00°36'01.5&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="130.75223">130°45'08&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.6004167">00°36'01.5&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="130.75223">130°45'08&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.14925">02°08'57.3&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="118.524">118°31'26.4&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.14925">02°08'57.3&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="118.524">118°31'26.4&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.14925">02°08'57.3&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="118.524">118°31'26.4&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.1638613">02°09'49.9&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="118.17022">118°10'12.8&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.1354167">02°08'07.5&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="118.50647">118°30'23.3&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.30472222">00°18'17.0&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="130.90433">130°54'15.6&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.4548611">00°27'17.5&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="130.49272">130°29'33.8&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-6.45">06°27'00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="120.43">120°25'48&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
<td colspan="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-4.75">04°45'00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="55.55">055°32'60&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
Holotype ZMB 3204 encrusting, size 5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5 cm and thickness 1-5 mm (as described by Thiele, now very small fragment), white after preservation in alcohol. The majority of the reviewed material is encrusting with a thickness of 4-10mm, but branching specimens also occur. External morphology follows the description of the genus. Color of the ectosome can be red, orange, brown orange, dark brown, chocolate brown, milk coffee brown, cream, or white (Fig. 1, 2). Color of choanosome is pale beige. After preservation in ethanol color is similar to live specimens, but lighter shade.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
Spicules. Holotype ZMB 3204 (Fig. 6) Megascleres large straight tylostyles with blunt/rounded point 355-672-940
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7.5-12-17.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7.5-16-20
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, small straight tylostyles with sharp point 165-226-275
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5-6-7.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5-8-10
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
; microscleres selenasters 55-70-75
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
42.5-55-72.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, spherasters (abundant) 20-25-30
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, streptasters typically with well developed axis and with 4-9 rays with hastate tips, rays are smooth or can be spined, but do not have bifurcations of the tips 15-24-32.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5-8-12.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
; acanthose microrhabs with straight or zig-zag axis 5-7-10
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
&lt;2.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="μ">μ</normalizedToken>
m.The range within the examined material (Table 1): large tylostyles 460-1250
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
8-23
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
10-25
<normalizedToken originalValue="μ">μ</normalizedToken>
m, small tylostyles 120-430
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-15
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-15
<normalizedToken originalValue="μ">μ</normalizedToken>
m, selenasters 50-85
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
22-73
<normalizedToken originalValue="μ">μ</normalizedToken>
m, spherasters 13-30
<normalizedToken originalValue="μ">μ</normalizedToken>
m, streptasters 15-35
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-15
<normalizedToken originalValue="μ">μ</normalizedToken>
m, rays 5-18
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1-2.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="μ">μ</normalizedToken>
m.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="52" start="start">Skeleton</pageBreakToken>
. As description of genus with addition that microrhabds form a layer over and amidst the selenaster cortex and are also prevalent in choanosomal tissue. Streptasters scattered in choanosome. Spherasters amidst selenasters in cortex and scattered in choanosome.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
Figure 7.
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia mixta" order="Clionaida" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mixta">Placospongia mixta</taxonomicName>
holotype (ZMB 3204). A selenaster B large tylostyle (head and blunt end) C small tylostyle (head and hastate end) D spheraster E streptasters F microacanthose microrhabds.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
East African coast to eastern Indonesia (Fig. 9, Table 4). Possibly further east to Central Pacific.
<bibRefCitation author="Pulitzer-Finali, G" journalOrPublisher="Annales Museo Civico Storia Naturale &quot; Giacomo Doria &quot;" pageId="24" pageNumber="63" pagination="247 - 350" title="A collection of marine sponges from East Africa." volume="89" year="1993">Pulitzer-Finali (1993)</bibRefCitation>
identified a 'P.
<normalizedToken originalValue="carinata’">carinata'</normalizedToken>
from East Africa (Mombasa) that fits the description of
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia mixta" order="Clionaida" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mixta">Placospongia mixta</taxonomicName>
based on the length of the tylostyles (up to 1200
<normalizedToken originalValue="μ">μ</normalizedToken>
m) and the presence of spherasters, but no
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia mixta" order="Clionaida" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mixta">Placospongia mixta</taxonomicName>
specimens were observed in the Seychelles material deposited at ZMA.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="52" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Depth 0-45m. Common in reefs, also occurs in marine lakes.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="52" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
In 1900 Thiele described a new species named
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia mixta" order="Clionaida" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mixta">Placospongia mixta</taxonomicName>
, which was originally identified as
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia melobesioides" order="Clionaida" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="melobesioides">Placospongia melobesioides</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Kieschnick, O" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" pagination="526 - 534" title="Silicispongiae von Ternate nach den Sammlungen von Herrn Prof. Dr. W. Kuekenthal." volume="19" year="1896">Kieschnick (1896)</bibRefCitation>
. The specific epithet mixta was given because the specimen contained a mixture of spicules: both spirasters like
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia carinata" order="Clionaida" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carinata">Placospongia carinata</taxonomicName>
as well as large spherasters like
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia intermedia" order="Clionaida" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intermedia">Placospongia intermedia</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia melobesioides" order="Clionaida" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="melobesioides">Placospongia melobesioides</taxonomicName>
, which are absent in
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia carinata" order="Clionaida" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carinata">Placospongia carinata</taxonomicName>
. In 1902 Vosmaer &amp; Vernhout decided that
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia mixta" order="Clionaida" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mixta">Placospongia mixta</taxonomicName>
was a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia carinata" order="Clionaida" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carinata">Placospongia carinata</taxonomicName>
, because they saw no distinction between the different shapes of streptasters and stated that spherasters are never very abundant - in some 'exceedingly rare and in some we failed to find them at
<normalizedToken originalValue="all’">all'</normalizedToken>
- and could therefore not be seen as a distinguishing character. The specimens that were studied by
<bibRefCitation pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Vosmaer and Vernhout (1902)</bibRefCitation>
were collected in Indonesia during the Siboga Expedition (1899-1900) and are housed in the collection of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center (Leiden, The Netherlands). In the present study these specimens were reexamined. After inspection, the specimens labeled '
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia carinata" order="Clionaida" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carinata">Placospongia carinata</taxonomicName>
' could be clearly and consistently divided into two species:
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia carinata" order="Clionaida" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carinata">Placospongia carinata</taxonomicName>
without spherasters, with streptasters displaying bifurcating tips, and tylostyles up to 980
<normalizedToken originalValue="μ">μ</normalizedToken>
m, and
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia mixta" order="Clionaida" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mixta">Placospongia mixta</taxonomicName>
with abundant spherasters, with streptasters displaying hastate tips, and tylostyles up to 1250
<normalizedToken originalValue="μ">μ</normalizedToken>
m. In none of the specimens of
<bibRefCitation pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Vosmaer and Vernhout (1902)</bibRefCitation>
, nor of the other specimens reviewed for this study was there a mixture of the two types of streptasters. These two species also show molecular distinction in both mitochondrial and nuclear markers (Fig. 10, 11, Table 6, 7).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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