312 lines
34 KiB
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312 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="72873" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1c990716-5d86-4b04-9922-dc6ccd734f3d" ID-PMC="PMC9881532" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-200-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" ID-PubMed="36762372" ModsDocID="1314-2003-200-1" checkinTime="1655292389427" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Barboza, Gloria E., Garcia, Carolina Carrizo, Bianchetti, Luciano de Bem, Romero, Maria V. & Scaldaferro, Marisel" docDate="2022" docId="2F18A8D0B793D7343B1B13D33E47DCC3" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 200: 1-423" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 200" docPubDate="2022-06-14" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667" docTitle="Capsicum dimorphum (Miers) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 449. 1891." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" masterDocTitle="Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="423" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732927586791" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="282D811FEB57E683D286EF6DA3A32998">
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<mods:title id="69B8BEB161D0535DF1D4C0EC9C94F1D0">Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="32C1C7EE5F0D5C410E2B28F9EE4327E9" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="2FA2EDDE90F6DEA86F76FCAFAC5D67F4">Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E5136CA241282AE55816C9839B089486" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-036X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="9688F6AE8DFABE52FC76DD37B1B8E556">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="32970FEB98B6BFE0C3746D148824F821" type="email">gbarboza@imbiv.unc.edu.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9CA88B0338851641F373492D985A784B">Garcia, Carolina Carrizo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="248C8CAF00BB7734062D86AF8DADF100">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C10196B526F7EC0DAC3229C3B84F71CB" type="email">ccarrizo@imbiv.unc.edu.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="ECED287D40AA2C14CEBB6AF369F94AFD">Bianchetti, Luciano de Bem</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C2855E94D2BB7B3C96FEE5734DBBEA22">Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia (EMBRAPA-Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia), PqEB Parque Estacao Biologica, Av. W / 5 final, Brasilia-DF, CEP 70770 - 917, Caixa Postal 02372, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9420B50663B834079BA598D769281EF9">Romero, Maria V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4701CC84A3103C121C351071B06C9B69">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="86FFE0E7B79A9BFCB33DEFC9E692D077">Scaldaferro, Marisel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FC5A7FB0AC3C2E48AEA9D6F88A97DDF3">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina & Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3C89373190ECAC9D46B3578A55DECA87">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="93507C3336ED28F23C5AAD50B1EF250E">
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<mods:title id="BBBCE94298C5AC4D83C2BC4CE9317D31">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="714DA2B6E6CD0A55795CF04AD5337276">
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<mods:date id="1849060DB1884970F349CF649B8284A8">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="2035B6380BD4D2661243BD5FE0120054" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="FB4427809BF6123CFBE99147CA63C307">2022-06-14</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="292C264DFF575FB1D4F232C3CBC70229" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="BB51C6F4BF23F16978070F6DEC8460B5">200</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="1E9617E3D0D9D879188C3EA8DBAEB586">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="80574C5C08A4C82CA4313806EBC9FF12">423</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="49BF7279C1D23DD28DA8E887144F65E2">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="F6BB0F26BC708E5C730429D2C4DE7D83">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B25FED376384165290E25E7EE7D946C7" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6E45B55FF327FD2772B021F90BDA9014" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-200-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="428B666F6B8E79A7A962B20C6099B7E4" type="Pensoft-UUID">7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="2F18A8D0B793D7343B1B13D33E47DCC3" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195913329" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F18A8D0B793D7343B1B13D33E47DCC3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F18A8D0B793D7343B1B13D33E47DCC3" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Solanaceae">
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<subSubSection id="1EF096F02F0E815FF6C4242636F2DE67" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="752C31D040BDADD0BE223CE8E0ACC0BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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14.
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<taxonomicName id="3AECD4DBE27C7F7036E1ADFEDD749896" ID-CoL="QT63" authority="(Miers) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 449. 1891." authorityName="(Miers) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 449. 1891." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum dimorphum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dimorphum">Capsicum dimorphum (Miers) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 449. 1891.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5F9FF052FA9CD2536647FBF7C872DC55" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="0DF63FBF75E3F63DC21F914FFD98331A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation id="9F197FB263076F7BE2454D12EF9B3303" captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Capsicum dimorphum A flowering branch B flower; C section of the calyx showing the venation; D sector of opened corolla; E gynoecium; F fruit G anatomical detail of the pericarp (note the absence of giant cells in the mesocarp) H seed; I seed, in cross section J structure of seed coat at the seed margin K structure of seed coat at the seed body L embryo A, B, D, E from Jaramillo et al. 2698 C from Sneidern 3044 F-L from Cuatrecasas 8572. Drawn by L. Ochoa." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695469" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 54</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="4722A9F9D74F50A06CDAF7A28AED5402" captionStart="Figure 55" captionStartId="F55" captionText="Figure 55. Capsicum dimorphum A plant B, C flower buds of different colour D, E flowers, in lateral view, with different corolla colour outside F, G flowers, in front view, with different colouration patterns in the corolla within H immature fruit I mature fruit A, H, I from Beltran 140, photos by G. Beltran B-G from Orejuela R. et al. 2685, photos by G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure55" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695470" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 55</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="49F02001B8DC388E2E3278332A4A7BDD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C2C5208CD3483447E710BBF5735C8090" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="ECA8156D7078571D19776B73102999E4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brachistus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachistus dimorphus" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dimorphus">Brachistus dimorphus</taxonomicName>
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Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, 3(16): 267. 1849. Type. Colombia. Quindio: Region froid en Las Tapias, Dec 1814, J. Goudot s.n. (holotype: K [K000585926]; isotypes: BM [BM000777291, pro parte only fragments at bottom right side], P [P00410061]).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F930E7664FF64B938E8C023D921E65B9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="D25F6C253C2B99247399905B8E1041BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus id="BCC860527D03D4072D6A457406C4A467">Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F37AE74DD851DDD1B0C58CEC886AA1F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Based on
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<taxonomicName id="7FC7725B5534BD3619C284FE0D7DDE82" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brachistus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachistus dimorphus" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dimorphus">
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<emphasis id="250FC197035F87401D8561FDBA5E7AB4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachistus dimorphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Miers.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5E770E9461A06B5E0CBEF3B82C052E9D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="99EE0888910A5EC036B01924BFF5CAEE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9FDCB78A1C4A020AF703692157670314" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Erect or scandent shrubs or subshrubs, (0.4-) 0.8-2 (-3) m tall, profusely branched above, the branches dichotomously spreading in a typical
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<normalizedToken id="423E1E5484116009C9D360AE7C837B86" originalValue="“zig-zag”">"zig-zag"</normalizedToken>
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appearance. Young stems terete or slightly angled, fragile, greenish-purple or maroon, densely pubescent with ochraceous or white, spreading or antrorse, flexuous or hirsute, simple, uniseriate, 2-8-celled, eglandular trichomes 0.3-1 (-1.5) mm long, sometimes glabrous or glabrescent; nodes green; bark of older stems pale brown or golden-brown; lenticels light brown, sometimes absent. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate; leaf pair markedly unequal in size and shape. Leaves membranous, rarely coriaceous, with sparse or abundant antrorse eglandular trichomes adaxially and abaxially, the trichomes spreading on the veins abaxially; blades of major leaves 4.2-12 (-17) cm long, 0.8-4 (-8) cm wide, elliptic, the major veins 4-6 on each side of mid-vein, sometimes purple-coloured abaxially, the base attenuate, asymmetric or not, the margins entire, the apex long-acuminate; petioles 0.5-1.2 cm long, moderately pubescent or glabrescent; blades of minor leaves sessile, 0.5-4 (-8) cm long, 0.4-1.7 (-5) cm wide, orbicular or ovate or rarely elliptic, the major veins 2-3 on each side of mid-vein, the base short-attenuate or rounded, asymmetric, the margins entire, the apex obtuse or rounded, with same pubescence as major leaves. Inflorescences axillary, 2-5 flowers or flowers solitary; flowering pedicels (3-) 5-14 mm, angled, green or green with purple lines, curved to pendent, non-geniculate at anthesis, glabrescent to moderately pubescent, the eglandular trichomes short or long, spreading or antrorse; pedicels scars inconspicuous. Buds ovoid, purple or yellowish. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx 1.75-2.6 mm long, 3-3.3 mm in diameter, cup-shaped, circular or pentagonal in outline, fleshy, green, greenish-purple or purple, calyx appendages absent or 1-3, as mucro-like structures, 0.5-1 mm long, spreading and laterally flattened, emerging 0-0.2 mm below the margin, glabrescent to densely pubescent with antrorse or spreading trichomes. Corolla 6-9.5 (-11) mm long, 8-12 mm in diameter, entirely yellow or yellow with dark purple or maroon spots outside and within, stellate with interpetalar membrane, lobed nearly halfway to the base, glabrous adaxially and abaxially, the tube 2-3.5 mm long, the lobes (1.75-) 2-4 mm long, 1.5-2.8 (-3) mm wide, triangular or ovate, spreading or slightly reflexed at anthesis, the margins and tips papillose. Stamens five, equal; filaments (1.5-) 2-2.5 mm long, cream or light lilac, inserted on the corolla ca. 2 mm from the base, with auricles fused to the corolla at the point of insertion; anthers 1.5-2.3 mm long, ovoid, slightly apiculate, pale purple, bluish-purple, dark yellow or cream, connivent at anthesis. Gynoecium with ovary 1.37-1.6 mm long, 1.3-1.5 mm in diameter, cream, ovoid; ovules more than two per locule; nectary ca. 0.6 mm tall; styles homomorphic, 4.5-6.7 mm long, exserted 1.3-2 mm beyond the anthers, white near the base and purple or pale lilac to the apex, clavate, slightly curved distally; stigma 0.2-0.3 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, usually discoid, green or yellowish-green. Berry 5-11 mm in diameter, globose or subglobose, bright or opaque light green when immature, bright reddish-orange or bright red at maturity, deciduous, non-pungent, the pericarp thick, opaque, lacking giant cells (endocarp smooth); stone cells absent; fruiting pedicels 6-15 mm long, usually erect, rarely curved to pendent, sometimes angled, widened distally, green or purple; fruiting calyx 4-5 (-7) mm in diameter, persistent, not accrescent, discoid, sometimes ripped at the margin, greenish-white or purple, the appendages if present, reflexed or spreading, purple. Seeds (6-) 10-36 per fruit, 1.9-2.7 mm long, 1.8-2.1 mm wide, C-shaped or teardrop-shaped, brownish-black to black, the seed coat reticulate (SM, SEM), the cells polygonal in shape, the lateral walls straight; embryo annular.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="77D97C6803C98667F30D9A6DF28E52A6" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695469" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 54" startId="F54">
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<paragraph id="7D1D112B5D1916308D8E3B2D8810717C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="947D2B17B783F917BCE327EDB0E2852A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 54.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="A8146EDF1BEBCAA5347B27AC7670F2ED" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum dimorphum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dimorphum">
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<emphasis id="F10F68823D7ABD4A3EAC1CDF4CF59FF5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum dimorphum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="22B88D6DEB07D6B3BEBAD385DDED8BE6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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flowering branch
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<emphasis id="5ACBCD45DAAABC29206F9805853DBDC0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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flower;
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<emphasis id="6FA67C03F044973A84D5BEEAC25AFAF8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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section of the calyx showing the venation;
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<emphasis id="C2716608F8E9CBEC59BDD85939E6EB02" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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sector of opened corolla;
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<emphasis id="5F35885BB625968A85E95563579A28C6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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gynoecium;
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<emphasis id="8E9DA833C199F614C5516F2F202B0903" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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fruit
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<emphasis id="DE9BCFD6F5B6808FE7FA6D84C7910586" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
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anatomical detail of the pericarp (note the absence of giant cells in the mesocarp)
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<emphasis id="5FA6951570E2ADAA92B8022BEB905FD3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
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seed;
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<emphasis id="1190A1C6E79B7287F27F069AA5B98027" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
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seed, in cross section
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<emphasis id="2024D3004147DF988C1449CD23408FEA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
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structure of seed coat at the seed margin
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<emphasis id="9D1267F86AE2CFE6F341445E1460D104" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
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structure of seed coat at the seed body
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<emphasis id="D9DA25BCE1AC9F37BDD8792310283DA6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
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embryo
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<emphasis id="61B60944B7814AD5782A00F0FCE10E75" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B, D, E</emphasis>
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from
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<emphasis id="D8B61D74B9925704B9CF4047A882DF31" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Jaramillo et al. 2698</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B2924F20F18B5157BACD0E10FFC64C45" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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from
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<emphasis id="C8E0A52AF082CE78F280A29DBDE00DCD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sneidern 3044</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="55B51739321750165AD97EA201EEC711" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F-L</emphasis>
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from
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<emphasis id="BCE159B86DB39605EBD919D6F29CFB7C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cuatrecasas 8572</emphasis>
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. Drawn by L. Ochoa.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="48DDD24644E0AA353E40BEB53BC8EE15" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure55" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695470" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 55" startId="F55">
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<paragraph id="DB3E5A0EDADB7BCFC44F91707B98DC83" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="17F64F8D49831265DE951636EE6BD179" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 55.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D08F3ABB3FAC4496E15E65EA2770A707" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum dimorphum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dimorphum">
|
|
<emphasis id="1FE0434E454E5EECA8E2709AF48BE0B9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum dimorphum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="FC1BC6FBDA70F2E9870D46A9F6475A87" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
|
plant
|
|
<emphasis id="7711148D05D1DBCF3ED458CA209453C6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, C</emphasis>
|
|
flower buds of different colour
|
|
<emphasis id="EACBF77981A87A233AC1913FBAAD7CF1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D, E</emphasis>
|
|
flowers, in lateral view, with different corolla colour outside
|
|
<emphasis id="0EEE7F983AD564FC2BFAD87A10C5FBF5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F, G</emphasis>
|
|
flowers, in front view, with different colouration patterns in the corolla within
|
|
<emphasis id="109C2BC254A75153670A8C24D66EB58F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
|
immature fruit
|
|
<emphasis id="711611845262D1F92927E3940EE5C904" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
|
mature fruit
|
|
<emphasis id="096FCE0FD92A4D13E6E8B3B7868FC574" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, H, I</emphasis>
|
|
from
|
|
<emphasis id="CC3EFEE08CC0B7E592E48605BEDA33BA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<normalizedToken id="3AD342A49A70AAA35CFDF5220BB61E29" originalValue="Beltrán">Beltran</normalizedToken>
|
|
140
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
, photos by G.
|
|
<normalizedToken id="4412C117DF55F3B87918E737DAD09E3F" originalValue="Beltrán">Beltran</normalizedToken>
|
|
<emphasis id="43899CCD90FF3FE8442F164768EBC9EF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B-G</emphasis>
|
|
from
|
|
<emphasis id="96777875E909267505C23354EEC35FF7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Orejuela R. et al. 2685</emphasis>
|
|
, photos by G.E. Barboza.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="176443324477BA7EE128AEFB15BF86BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="F86F040DCA1C8A22681081CE78A575F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="C9A4946517159C0F1994877C72A5DE98" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="241312235B68C3E7D7F4D962040FDB39" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum dimorphum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dimorphum">
|
|
<emphasis id="D14BC433F842BF03015E40EF17FB126B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum dimorphum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is endemic to north-western South America and is most common in Colombia and Ecuador and reaching central Peru (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="DFA13BC6D2B2C848F3607A7701AF215E" captionStart="Figure 56" captionStartId="F56" captionText="Figure 56. Distribution of C. dimorphum and C. eshbaughii." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure56" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695471" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">56</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="A25D54268F3269645AB92D55A82D19AE" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure56" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695471" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 56" startId="F56">
|
|
<paragraph id="F214C38D884F3D3F30858E6C3629101D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="7B3334A2CCF16F8189E4B20FE54091EC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 56.</emphasis>
|
|
Distribution of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7B297AF6ED8984A1907921514DB9D746" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. dimorphum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dimorphum">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A3B8B9B15667F4DF6307D7C4341B4A8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. dimorphum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F935652FD802431C3C68809A7A99121A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. eshbaughii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eshbaughii">
|
|
<emphasis id="6046DFB9BB22E4043492625E523CF399" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. eshbaughii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C816FEEF9CAED4C76C04189D7D40169F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="F43A47C63EBFB66FCB810AAA28F7B56D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="5F4EE62121CC837F64B154CAE1853C4C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4E1E707DE1712DCA4135430A3EAF1E4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum dimorphum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dimorphum">
|
|
<emphasis id="0396DBC5F9CF71FC10408141170B36DF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum dimorphum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is an Andean species of premontane or montane moist forests. It is found in the margins, understorey or interior of primary or secondary (sometimes disturbed) forests, between 950 and 3,000 m elevation.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="5BBE7030102C905FB12D06563337E352" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
|
|
<paragraph id="B17469FAC903AFF69ABB8BD32BBF78F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="7E9A4BB307EA139F15749A7B08947040" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering and fruiting all year.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="502A02E19DB3091EB155CA04BA09DAB3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
|
|
<paragraph id="9EF433C35E5D4C4187A92C41E1F13DDC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="6FF34C2193F464B965B9885AB216BB52" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Not known.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="6852CCE1DCC576469204B380755A3376" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
|
|
<paragraph id="1B1FB1E26C4FE4FB179EB3B2699BDF0E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="5BE09BBA4DD6E5989C7E995F6BD0B5CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="CE8F636696965038C8ED0502FAFFDA36" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colombia</emphasis>
|
|
: Ahuyamo (
|
|
<normalizedToken id="F9AA9DA65076111E574122513A72B31D" originalValue="Quindío">Quindio</normalizedToken>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="C2AE0C036CD8D1DC2F5E1DFB41FF2D56" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bernal 1828</emphasis>
|
|
), Mirtico de monte (Cauca,
|
|
<emphasis id="A4669B126885E798755358482B271F7A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pittier 737</emphasis>
|
|
; Cundinamarca,
|
|
<emphasis id="F4093BEE18F5E454371FC6DEFC60CCC1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Duque-Jaramillo 3330</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C14337776B06A07AC1B0E0C49D347713" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="uses">
|
|
<paragraph id="1CE3B50E41C558F846A58F3673D7790F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uses.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="D115EE64D337B175A05A136CB93FDFDB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None recorded.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="F5537BCC4206C3A314C6D2CD3FC6F3EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation assessment">
|
|
<paragraph id="A089A2F87C1DA3FDC72E60AAEAFC1B43" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation assessment.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="11231E609D88CA6FB22C2CC9828AA986" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
EOO (738,784.034 km2); AOO (452 km2).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B87AAC43575366313489C32D1D74C29F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum dimorphum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dimorphum">
|
|
<emphasis id="1FFFA7BAF60B5BAD147C165C1D5B652E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum dimorphum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a widespread Andean species in northern South America; considering the large EOO and its presence in officially protected areas in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, we suggest a status of Least Concern (LC).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="3FEEA196052F16EE733BB3BDA44142AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="C485FEB7842ED36AB87ABA070FC80584" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="18A817D36417E90FAB4B642E9CAD6366" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4AE4E8CDAE287386F8AEFC734F6FDFE6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum dimorphum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dimorphum">
|
|
<emphasis id="9239C716B768E281F1ECEB2B84AAE529" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum dimorphum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a member of the Andean clade, recovered as sister to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="264ED139D39BD25A655A2D6B4386B7F3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. longifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifolium">
|
|
<emphasis id="DC15564E03083FCD653285BEF67993AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. longifolium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B4F9D758E696B358210B8C520538105D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" author="Carrizo Garcia, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="35 - 51" refId="B79" refString="Carrizo Garcia, C, Barfuss, MHJ, Sehr, EM, Barboza, GE, Samuel, R, Moscone, EA, Ehrendorfer, F, 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Annals of Botany 118: 35 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" title="Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" volume="118" year="2016">
|
|
Carrizo
|
|
<normalizedToken id="F563A39A52229FF85DDE13189A1BFE4A" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. 2016
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="883E4B69F6167EF1DD0D6E73B3B5D183" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792" author="Barboza, GE" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B38" refString="Barboza, GE, Carrizo Garcia, C, Leiva Gonzalez, S, Scaldaferro, M, Reyes, X, 2019. Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus. PLoS ONE 14(1): e0209792. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792" title="Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus. PLoS ONE 14 (1): e 0209792." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792" year="2019">Barboza et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07B058438131917D62CC6C72B3BF32E0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum dimorphum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dimorphum">
|
|
<emphasis id="5017B4A1CE53CF19C1C75F842381A6AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum dimorphum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is variable in the degree of general pubescence, leaf shape and presence or absence of purple or maroon spots on the corolla (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="16040132FB54685E451FCB73FF477817" captionStart="Figure 55" captionStartId="F55" captionText="Figure 55. Capsicum dimorphum A plant B, C flower buds of different colour D, E flowers, in lateral view, with different corolla colour outside F, G flowers, in front view, with different colouration patterns in the corolla within H immature fruit I mature fruit A, H, I from Beltran 140, photos by G. Beltran B-G from Orejuela R. et al. 2685, photos by G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure55" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695470" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">55B-G</figureCitation>
|
|
). It is morphologically most similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DE7CCB7CC71D7298B39B1495F8B1B73E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. longifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifolium">
|
|
<emphasis id="DCA5B834BFC24C6CF9E222397D732008" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. longifolium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B6DC735815D64D84CA933DCB2D2F768A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792" author="Barboza, GE" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B38" refString="Barboza, GE, Carrizo Garcia, C, Leiva Gonzalez, S, Scaldaferro, M, Reyes, X, 2019. Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus. PLoS ONE 14(1): e0209792. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792" title="Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus. PLoS ONE 14 (1): e 0209792." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792" year="2019">Barboza et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) with which it shares short pedicels and similar shape and colour of the corolla, fruit and seeds.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A598DC8F167FA7F4D183663FC28A2F89" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum dimorphum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dimorphum">
|
|
<emphasis id="98F6798C97E03B3CC901D72B1AED9BD6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum dimorphum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be distinguished by having usually pubescent vegetative organs and calyces (vs. glabrous), membranous, longer and wider major leaves, flowers that are solitary or up to five per axil (vs. 3-9 flowers on a short rachis) and a calyx without appendages or with three minute appendages (vs. 2-3 winged triangular appendages).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="5925293D06391A84028D5BB300722E2F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F0C1115802B099F22FF32AC184828A83" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum dimorphum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dimorphum">
|
|
<emphasis id="5A733117B47E5977ACDA9DB2CD5E5F63" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum dimorphum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is sympatric with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AA0408B6CCDB71632800F842EBC46E91" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. geminifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="geminifolium">
|
|
<emphasis id="32F67643B49655E88D4EAC018BED2353" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. geminifolium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
which is distinguished by having long-acuminate leaves, 2-5 long and thin calyx appendages and campanulate corollas. Populations of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="182E0C2E2CE06EC80D5FFA141D065E12" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. dimorphum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dimorphum">
|
|
<emphasis id="4EE58885BB5F82AECA41996C30621A9A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. dimorphum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Peru (Department Pasco) are glabrescent to glabrous plants and the leaves are somewhat coriaceous, but the flowers and fruits match those of the pubescent populations of Colombia and Ecuador.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="CF3F54E5D4E1E1DB02576CD4175CF509" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph id="BC9DFBB74570EE4548713652919A85F3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="E5AAC7A5F5F8E96C29B620FFFABEB2F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. material 4: Appendix 4.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |