296 lines
34 KiB
XML
296 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="35515ADB0DB17CFCE6C77A3C4DE442FF" ID-CLB-Dataset="35908" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.414.7730" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cb8d0204-611a-422a-aa48-8df83b866c0e" ID-PMC="PMC4086051" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-414-67" ID-PubMed="25009417" ID-ZooBank="59FA288634C24AEF97833347E5EBC702" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-414-67" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 414" ModsDocTitle="Integrative revision of the giant pill-millipede genus Sphaeromimus from Madagascar, with the description of seven new species (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Arthrosphaeridae)" checkinTime="1451245810054" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wesener, Thomas, Le, Daniel Minh-Tu & Loria, Stephanie F." docDate="2014" docId="1DE29155F41C0310EA91EA666D25DE20" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 414: 67-107" docOrigin="ZooKeys 414" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.414.7730" docTitle="Sphaeromimus de Saussure & Zehntner 1902" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="72" masterDocId="EC57FFBDFF96FFC30820FFD0FFBE376C" masterDocTitle="Integrative revision of the giant pill-millipede genus Sphaeromimus from Madagascar, with the description of seven new species (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Arthrosphaeridae)" masterLastPageNumber="107" masterPageNumber="67" pageNumber="71" updateTime="1701373215506" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="40813E6DFD06C650221429CF0C8FDEE6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2803A6DEA93FB81961514E092D679F32">
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<mods:title id="5ECE9E347B134ECA6333EBF7F97FB1A0">Integrative revision of the giant pill-millipede genus Sphaeromimus from Madagascar, with the description of seven new species (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Arthrosphaeridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="67FC828B0C0354020B3130855D76936A">Wesener, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="359D04020A54620C19F40D20CAF17F13">Le, Daniel Minh-Tu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="DA03627DDB8C63F6E85CDA173B22E9BE" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="7C1E8194C7450522C4519C25D3926614">Loria, Stephanie F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AED04566E0FD1E020329DF757A5DDA09">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="038A2A824CB27795A60AA79DF0C97294">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="83449A8F8B52E59CD112993DBC0B0EE7">
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<mods:date id="B5046A8DD8EAC1392D5983F67091128F">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="8E269A7F6F96A5BD284CB888F4E1AB88" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="5422D7E72C4092AB5E0549EDDB9FE473">414</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="132288A794F440F56A62A460EE551FF3">107</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="CC556549925D26C38B297548E9CB5C3F">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.414.7730</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="6FE9873B4DCE11AB7EEDD62C02F6A4A6">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6C8AD345672B59B18D633815DF76A0B0" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.414.7730</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1197E6224D3C16EF887659A585F6B158" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-414-67</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C3ACD5CA30A2C9A614F2A534CD71D17A" type="ZooBank">59FA288634C24AEF97833347E5EBC702</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="1DE29155F41C0310EA91EA666D25DE20" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152053380" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1DE29155F41C0310EA91EA666D25DE20" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1DE29155F41C0310EA91EA666D25DE20" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
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<subSubSection id="211096097FF7A725FD704336B0911C2D" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2FAE26CE4623C8E281280EE38D8D316D" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="18A59377CE4553B172914CD7C2164212" ID-CoL="7Q2D6" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Sphaeromimus" authority="de Saussure & Zehntner, 1902" authorityName="de Saussure & Zehntner" authorityYear="1902" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphaeromimus de Saussure & Zehntner, 1902</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DAC0D3A439FBAAB4A1009DE248A1A93A" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="BB94F3C33B9F498BD1ABD77A405BA286" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName id="E72D73D0FDC0D6C861D8372EAB8367D8" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphaeromimus</taxonomicName>
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de Saussure & Zehntner, 1902: 20 (first description);
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<bibRefCitation id="F760B1CA2BF3A2A0B25EE2BE28A974CD" author="Attems, C" editor="Kuekenthal," journalOrPublisher="Handbuch der Zoologie" pageId="27" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 402" title="Myriopoda." volume="4" year="1926">Attems 1926</bibRefCitation>
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: 119 (list);
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<bibRefCitation id="6B16813115D6AFBBE86897E80B12DAEC" author="Attems, C" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien" pageId="27" pageNumber="94" pagination="60 - 73" title="Neue Sphaerotheriden des Wiener Museums." volume="53" year="1943">Attems 1943</bibRefCitation>
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: 60 (list);
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<bibRefCitation id="5C5E7AD493CE3D481743B781F4DFB19D" author="Jeekel, CAW" journalOrPublisher="Monografieen van de Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" title="Nomenclator generum et familiarum Diplopodorum: A list of the genus and family-group names in the Class Diplopoda from the 10 th edition of Linnaeus, 1758, to the end of 1957." volume="5" year="1971">Jeekel 1971</bibRefCitation>
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: 28 (list);
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<bibRefCitation id="1B2D2276E7C6301AB1598CE7779CB3B8" author="Jeekel, CAW" journalOrPublisher="Symposia of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" pagination="41 - 52" title="The group taxonomy and geography of the Sphaerotheriida (Diplopoda)." volume="32" year="1974">Jeekel 1974</bibRefCitation>
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: 45 (classification);
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<bibRefCitation id="41DBFF4B7ED847DF75678EC0404797A1" author="Hoffman, RL" journalOrPublisher="Geneva" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" title="Classification of the Diplopoda" year="1980">Hoffman 1980</bibRefCitation>
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: 63 (list);
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<bibRefCitation id="184C0440B8F34D6B4CDD961493D0EEFE" author="Jeekel, CAW" journalOrPublisher="Myriapod Memoranda" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" pagination="5 - 21" title="A new pill-millipede from Madagascar, with a catalogue of the species hitherto described from the island (Diplopoda - Sphaerotheriida)." volume="1" year="1999">Jeekel 1999</bibRefCitation>
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: 8 (catalogue, discussion);
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<bibRefCitation id="5AD3E51C1B6CA713D07F48B621009AFE" author="Enghoff, H" editor="Goodman, SG" journalOrPublisher="The University of Chicago Press" pageId="27" pageNumber="94" pagination="617 - 627" title="Diplopoda, Millipedes." volumeTitle="The Natural History of Madagascar" year="2003">Enghoff 2003</bibRefCitation>
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: 618 (list);
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<bibRefCitation id="B9C43578938B0024683134026CE62234" author="Wesener, T" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Fourth Series)" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" pagination="557 - 599" title="The Giant Pill-Millipedes of Madagascar: Revision of the genus Sphaeromimus, with a Review of the Morphological Terminology (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Sphaerotheriidae)." url="http://research.calacademy.org/research/scipubs/pdfs/v56/proccas_v56_n29.pdf" volume="56" year="2005">Wesener and Sierwald 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 557 (redescription, additional species);
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<bibRefCitation id="A6BD6E88AE03F0613AF654F35EA7750B" author="Wesener, T" editor="Ganzhorn, J" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C." pageId="28" pageNumber="95" pagination="145 - 151" title="Giant Pill-Millipedes (Diplopoda: Sphaerotheriida) in the Littoral Forest Fragments of Southeastern Madagascar." volumeTitle="Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation of Littoral Ecosystems in Southeastern Madagascar, Tolagnaro (Fort Dauphin)" year="2007">
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Wesener and
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<normalizedToken id="24B0C3535266B8B138B3C74C65507424" originalValue="Wägele">Waegele</normalizedToken>
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2007
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 147 (ecology);
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<bibRefCitation id="44A338B2E86BD0A6642D0A88AFCDEDC4" author="Wesener, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 134" title="Unexplored richness: discovery of 31 new species of Giant Pill-Millipedes endemic to Madagascar, with a special emphasis on microendemism (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida)." url="http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2009/f/z02097p134f.pdf" volume="2097" year="2009">Wesener 2009</bibRefCitation>
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: 8 (key);
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<bibRefCitation id="8F529606819B298D22F4AF7B46049911" author="Wesener, T" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" pagination="545 - 573" title="A first phylogenetic analysis of Giant Pill-Millipedes (Diplopoda: Sphaerotheriida), a new model Gondwanan taxon, with special emphasis on island gigantism." url="10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00267.x" volume="25" year="2009">Wesener and VandenSpiegel 2009</bibRefCitation>
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: 548 (morphological phylogenetic analysis);
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<bibRefCitation id="1001CA7D6E0D6937F8CC5859BB4F1441" author="Wesener, T" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" pagination="1184 - 1193" title="The origins of the Giant Pill-Millipedes from Madagascar (Diplopoda: Sphaerotheriida: Arthrosphaeridae)." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2010.08.023" volume="57" year="2010">Wesener et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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: 1185 (molecular phylogenetic analysis);
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<bibRefCitation id="B3591F175524CD1DEC6872DB99B08DFF" author="Wesener, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" url="10.1071/IS13048" year="2014 b">Wesener 2014b</bibRefCitation>
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: (morphological phylogenetic analysis).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9646DCC4BC72ACFC65B543A40F41B6A5" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" type="type species">
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<paragraph id="DE701C26C5E993D258147F461FC4AD26" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F37847252608D3F2AFC77BA698A73588" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName id="ADD8695B36F783253796B6AD4C7DC5F5" class="Diplopoda" family="Zephroniidae" genus="Sphaeropoeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeropoeus musicus" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="musicus">Sphaeropoeus musicus</taxonomicName>
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de Saussure & Zehntner, 1897, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5084AC4C4D980BE96BA1AF4C5AE5375D" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" type="other species included">
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<paragraph id="623A9C7BB58DC0BCEE714DDB89EC26B0" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Other species included (9).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BB86144BF9301E7F952E58C5F5E253A9" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName id="5E79E9BE5A81AAEA4019B28E9C9C8A2C" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus splendidus" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendidus">Sphaeromimus splendidus</taxonomicName>
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Wesener & Sierwald, 2005
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="ED16BBF8A2099C18F42D5E248936E33F" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName id="D3747DABA8ACB623EAFC8691A53D6A89" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus inexpectatus" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inexpectatus">Sphaeromimus inexpectatus</taxonomicName>
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Wesener & Sierwald, 2005
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7A8F994241760BD88DBD06F374557578" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName id="18D4CBF268548F7A908C2FD53F4E38EA" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus titanus" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="titanus">Sphaeromimus titanus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. Wesener
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F55B1490DACBA09FA2E4C6D273B46A71" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName id="32D853467F96041A6A477D8F3CC9FA30" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus vatovavy" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vatovavy">Sphaeromimus vatovavy</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. Wesener
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="773E77174246F301BC1C5D0E9AFA3240" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName id="0519563647CE2DC04BC5E24C7EC9C8B6" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus lavasoa" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lavasoa">Sphaeromimus lavasoa</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. Wesener
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1B9B8E36A0FF404241DEC93DAC24B131" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName id="B2590907E004643471BFC3106B37BB08" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus andohahela" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andohahela">Sphaeromimus andohahela</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. Wesener
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E5C403CF35C8AE4E222794D54BB04900" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName id="A94CB48FFC5573C49E1C5B6C7F74AF9F" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus ivohibe" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ivohibe">Sphaeromimus ivohibe</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. Wesener
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9441EBA2D32214B40306F1CC91CB0711" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName id="DE614E0FB25C98BE00F6B69D80007D9A" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus saintelucei" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saintelucei">Sphaeromimus saintelucei</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. Wesener
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E11B05A99A1ECAA082252E2A787677AB" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName id="B28C040CC29DBFEC6EA83DA0C52A0A79" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus andrahomana" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrahomana">Sphaeromimus andrahomana</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. Wesener
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AF24356B724CF9D40154FCA9A6B49E36" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="0710402BDEEF8C0762D85A5224B2C4D6" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A444AE5DBEA5F6A38010124D18B0926D" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
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See
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<bibRefCitation id="FE4C9E076DE5A03A507FAF84F87A041D" author="Wesener, T" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Fourth Series)" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" pagination="557 - 599" title="The Giant Pill-Millipedes of Madagascar: Revision of the genus Sphaeromimus, with a Review of the Morphological Terminology (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Sphaerotheriidae)." url="http://research.calacademy.org/research/scipubs/pdfs/v56/proccas_v56_n29.pdf" volume="56" year="2005">Wesener and Sierwald (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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for a detailed revision of the genus. A phylogeny, highlighting the close relationship of
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<taxonomicName id="B0C0553BCF711CEC020F98FF24EB429E" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphaeromimus</taxonomicName>
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to the Indian
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<taxonomicName id="E97F570F4B3AAF96BEF4661CC22CCD4D" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Arthrosphaera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arthrosphaera" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arthrosphaera</taxonomicName>
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Pocock, 1895 is available based on morphological (
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<bibRefCitation id="0387D65E9137B21202CDF7235E64DAE2" author="Wesener, T" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" pagination="545 - 573" title="A first phylogenetic analysis of Giant Pill-Millipedes (Diplopoda: Sphaerotheriida), a new model Gondwanan taxon, with special emphasis on island gigantism." url="10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00267.x" volume="25" year="2009">Wesener and VandenSpiegel 2009</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="E398A3600537D18EB3F60F26EBE57CA9" author="Wesener, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" url="10.1071/IS13048" year="2014 b">Wesener 2014b</bibRefCitation>
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), and molecular characters (
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<bibRefCitation id="EB79F119F8A04BF7760F6C38D3C25159" author="Wesener, T" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="29" pageNumber="96" pagination="1184 - 1193" title="The origins of the Giant Pill-Millipedes from Madagascar (Diplopoda: Sphaerotheriida: Arthrosphaeridae)." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2010.08.023" volume="57" year="2010">Wesener et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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). A short re-diagnosis is presented so that fewer characters need to be mentioned in the species descriptions.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="98FC8F9B17239B73EAB69AF825E1D47A" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" type="new diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="25B37815AB673CF6D574026F2B7E9760" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">New diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BC53C7C3A0A77EE757E1E545E121F0C1" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
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Genus of small to medium-sized (15-45 mm length)
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<taxonomicName id="18D886A6664184DBBAFA55441D0CEFCF" family="Arthrosphaeridae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" rank="family">Arthrosphaeridae</taxonomicName>
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. Colour variable, rarely pink or with a reddish-black pattern (Fig. 1A), but usually black to brown (Fig. 1B). Head with short antennae consisting of well-rounded antennomeres lacking cuticular scales. Antennomere 6 massive, only antennomere carrying sensilla basiconica. Apical disc with numerous apical cones (≫20), number of cones sexual dimorphic, males with twice or even three times as many cones as females. Eyes consisting of 55-95 ocelli. Mandible with six or seven pectinate lamellae and a
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<pageBreakToken id="A84FD7161A3DED617AAA563767199FF9" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" start="start">3</pageBreakToken>
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-combed internal tooth. Gnathochilarium typical of the order, rudimentary lateral palpi carrying three or four sensory cones. Tergites with a smooth surface, in some species polished. Legs short and broad, tarsus usually 2.5-4 times longer than wide. Leg pair 1 and 2 lacking an apical spine. Femur often with a well-developed toothed ridge. Coxae with a more or less well-developed sharp process carrying small triangular spines. Anal shield usually well-rounded, underside carrying a single, short, black locking carina located closely to the margin.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="7D5D6B289FC6C6E3888AAD18C70AEA31" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">
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<paragraph id="AE785CE58696C09EFAD318900E56A0CD" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">
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Figure 1. Photographs of living
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<taxonomicName id="F2D1C659E85BC4AD9C84EFCF626182FC" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphaeromimus</taxonomicName>
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. A
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<taxonomicName id="92F5B671A107682113BB64B90C2C44D0" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus musicus" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="musicus">Sphaeromimus musicus</taxonomicName>
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(de Saussure & Zehntner, 1897) from Tsimelahy, upper left to lower left: red colour morph, black colour morph, normal colour morph, the similar looking sympatric
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<taxonomicName id="02255FB2871DDE3C9345E664D278E8D2" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Zoosphaerium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zoosphaerium blandum" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blandum">Zoosphaerium blandum</taxonomicName>
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(de Saussure & Zehntner, 1902) B
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<taxonomicName id="B5589DC288F05BAB4C6160E8635EF83B" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus lavasoa" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lavasoa">Sphaeromimus lavasoa</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. C
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<taxonomicName id="0CFC2EC4D3CD16EC15B35789925A66B1" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus andrahomana" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrahomana">Sphaeromimus andrahomana</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. cave specimen. Not to scale.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="66643D866A2952B3FC7416306FC82EA5" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">
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Male gonopore typical of
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<taxonomicName id="A9EE198BCDB41F70B4C9773C7EDEF337" family="Arthrosphaeridae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" rank="family">Arthrosphaeridae</taxonomicName>
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, covered by a simple sclerotized plate.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EADB39E3A26AC0E41E5BFAA18F0A34BE" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">Anterior telopod consisting of syncoxite plus four telopoditomeres. First telopoditomere enlarged, carrying the male stridulation organ (harp) consisting of 3-6 stridulation ribs, number of ribs independent of the size of the male, species specific. Second telopoditomere posteriorly with a process protruding up to the start of telopoditomere 4. Third telopoditomere short, sometimes with a spine juxtaposed to process of telopoditomere 2. Telopoditomere 4 larger than 3 and 4 combined, conical, basally with a field of sclerotized spots juxtaposed to process of telopoditomere 2, apically with a large, triangular lobe-like spine, usually three smaller spines distributed across the joint.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EDDAE7D26F93E4C8521B2B63FDD4E4D5" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">
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Posterior telopods always consisting of syncoxite with inner horns and inner lobes and pair of telopodites each consisting of three telopoditomeres forming chelae. First telopoditomere unremarkable, second telopoditomere forming the immovable finger of the chela. Immovable finger basally wide, apically tapering, always curved toward telopoditomere 3 (movable finger). Immovable finger as long as, or in some species overlapping movable finger. Membrane of telopoditomere 2 often extended into lobe, an anterior side juxtaposed to telopoditomere 3 with a dense field of sclerotized spots. Telopoditomere 3 curved or straight, relatively slender, margin juxtaposed to immovable finger with 20-40 small black crenulated teeth, three or four spines, and one, rarely two (
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<taxonomicName id="AB472E58E3B71792EE3E905F662E6707" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus ivohibe" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ivohibe">Sphaeromimus ivohibe</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.) large membranous lobes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2226EB83408B243E9569A56802314B0B" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">
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Female vulva atypical for
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<taxonomicName id="10C22096D3C84C39D61399BE445A4D8F" family="Arthrosphaeridae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" rank="family">Arthrosphaeridae</taxonomicName>
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, with external and inner plate standing below operculum, not extending mesally. Operculum large and well-rounded, protruding at least up to basal half of prefemur. Female subanal plate greatly enlarged, in some species almost divided into two plates. Subanal plate carrying a washboard with 3-8 stridulation ribs on each side, number of ribs depending on female body size.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6812DE08A204845DEF1FD0CF6D326CA2" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" type="key to species of sphaeromimus">
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<paragraph id="8EC36856A87323F626A3625A22711CA9" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">
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Key to species of
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<taxonomicName id="C8FE72A25A9EB2EEA7E816D44C8DEAEA" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphaeromimus</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="59E48C354116C3FC1D9A9D33BFC31AAB" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">
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|
<table id="33B41DC4DE1307F27D31F701759609EB" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">
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<tr id="E6B3916BD2262D994AB8F4CCFD6E9DA9" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">
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<td id="736F4D648EEE1819D4FF82288C70BC16" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" rowspan="1">Fig. 2E</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="C7766E7C508C4D3E41135A2D0E281C56" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">
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<td id="D3E50C100D46D1651D7D8C1DB27B5FB4" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" rowspan="1">Fig. 9A</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="26C5AB1A65D54163293B4F3C98F65590" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">
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<td id="CE29564D7FB2615A43939734897A4118" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" rowspan="1">Fig. 17AFig. 16BFig. 17F</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="71F62E014D574CA53516C6C865534E9D" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">
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<td id="B9670CF5A975B3D406E0BDE355CA457E" colspan="1" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" rowspan="1">
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Fig. 2CFig. 12A
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<taxonomicName id="513E1EE2EA19D5BEDD01BFF3FD2AC39F" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus titanus" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="titanus">
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<pageBreakToken id="27AE85E5D0D220A68922EF9F2F318F7E" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" start="start">Sphaeromimus</pageBreakToken>
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titanus
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</taxonomicName>
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Fig. 3B
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="B2F86BBCFCBAA8774A5A5CCBF604CDD2" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
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<td id="57B81BD4437FDF116F3AE1F4E88527C8" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName id="43EF0333965D3BA9CF0A4DE2172F2EC7" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus inexpectatus" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inexpectatus">Sphaeromimus inexpectatus</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="53B4B32C5809BE414F3B96A414588ADA" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
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<td id="D4A843EF48937C32EA0E12ECDCECC09B" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">Fig. 17B</td>
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<td id="3D11B3E76C3EA2C7EB70F6BAA6A09BC0" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">
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|
<taxonomicName id="2BAE20F392449CF159059058D8928B33" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus saintelucei" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saintelucei">Sphaeromimus saintelucei</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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|
<tr id="4545F868609A490FBA6A02ADB3637BC6" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
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<td id="C4DA7AF7099C6BC1B6B279E66DBFFE73" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">Fig. 5AFig. 3B</td>
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<td id="D39F315410B2CCDE3C071771CA60C738" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FD9C2EC3C2EFAB70268F12486C7FD17F" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus titanus" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="titanus">Sphaeromimus titanus</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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|
<tr id="58053E6B489975CC9B7DC8976FBBB71D" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
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|
<td id="2E48588874ABF2BC8D53BFB4087606EB" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">Fig. 12AFig. 11D</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="4AC9FC67B74C48BC1E62CF6631A2A7EA" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
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|
<td id="305D4C3CD839904CD678F585AD0895FE" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D96D07CF5E20DE57E0BD8EF1DAFD8542" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus splendidus" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendidus">Sphaeromimus splendidus</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="D1D3C2F2C7F1F3AAC6CDF2D12E8A38E8" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
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|
<td id="C06EF4D7FD25FE855E05AD3643129AB1" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">Fig. 11A</td>
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</tr>
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|
<tr id="B560BD3299F91B3BDBFBD605D862DFFA" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
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|
<td id="D20E7C36FC9780E8473641383A37495E" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">Fig. 12AFig. 14D</td>
|
|
<td id="1FC69A5B3839873CB90F857BD83A49E5" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AA211D045341F25725D21613137222CF" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus andohahela" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andohahela">Sphaeromimus andohahela</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="3219E4F2754031BCA005ED1C862440F0" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
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|
<td id="0ED1B38EE9F07F564BF1831D4B2CE89D" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">Fig. 16CFig. 18F</td>
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<td id="110F54051E2C0B93785310F109C7FD33" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7E6F8537FBD2A391914958FDCAD5F12E" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus andrahomana" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrahomana">Sphaeromimus andrahomana</taxonomicName>
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|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="79448180499A7E5FE27174C3DC882BD2" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
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|
<td id="6A36414CF3E91E565D3863C349917171" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">Fig. 1A</td>
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|
<td id="4088D589638C737DD86458B2A8B51B37" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9E1B76E34771AC0D7DCD020549E22B98" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus musicus" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="musicus">Sphaeromimus musicus</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="442526DB765160015B494AD105AE8C4A" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
|
|
<td id="5593FFB0CD4B04B84BD350FA345002D2" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">Fig. 1B</td>
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|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="442D901C3076D5B3ADDD8DBF910DA8AC" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
|
|
<td id="7D60DFE312669F649BDC6D900F15F401" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">Fig. 11BFig. 12AFig. 11F</td>
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|
<td id="2BC4FA3B27A819099C08D441E4D59DF3" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A2571B022B2BBAABFC4A4A8852C5F37C" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus lavasoa" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lavasoa">Sphaeromimus lavasoa</taxonomicName>
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|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="4666DBCAD8A43C1F4F67D1DBEA995DE2" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
|
|
<td id="0D2FFDBD81E42A2AC0579B925BFA2FC0" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">Fig. 9AFig. 5B</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="E235AD52E41E3EB030D6206D0BA403A2" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
|
|
<td id="8B485CD2222868FB58235562F9FE3931" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">Fig. 9AFig. 5BFig. 9FFig. 9E</td>
|
|
<td id="DF4092B808AAB31456FAFAC9BE275DFE" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="647348DF0146713175BB42D09A748ED1" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus vatovavy" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vatovavy">Sphaeromimus vatovavy</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="ABD0B98B59AB683701CB4C51EF621E9D" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
|
|
<td id="FDC1B73EC3ACD8517F242EEE92000FF9" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">Fig. 15DFig. 16AFig. 15H</td>
|
|
<td id="2DAFEC6633389895A31E958ECACA2E3A" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A94A9FE07F55B0CACD66242301F6D316" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Sphaeromimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeromimus ivohibe" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ivohibe">Sphaeromimus ivohibe</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
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|
</document> |