treatments-xml/data/03/9D/B6/039DB6551601FFE2B471E6C0686BC933.xml

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<mods:title id="94A3E9192818B36FE83B61C4DF321FA0">Ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen): zoogeography, distribution and description of a new species</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B940DB511601FFEEB471E6C06922CB7C" bold="true" box="[335,635,1511,1536]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="339">Monomorium elghazalyi</emphasis>
Sharaf &amp; Aldawood
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, 
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(
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(a–c))
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worker
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<emphasis id="B940DB51160EFFE1B59EE58A6A50CBB8" bold="true" box="[160,265,1709,1732]" pageId="24" pageNumber="340">Figure 12.</emphasis>
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. (a) Body in profile. (b) Head in full-face view, CASENT0746622, AntWeb.org, (Zach Lieberman). (c) Distribution map from recent records.
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<emphasis id="B940DB51160FFFE0B59EE5616A5ECB21" bold="true" box="[160,263,1606,1629]" pageId="25" pageNumber="341">Figure 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C347CC0160FFFE0B431E5616AA1CB21" authority="Sharaf &amp; Fisher &amp; Collingwood &amp; Aldawood, 2017" authorityName="Sharaf &amp; Fisher &amp; Collingwood &amp; Aldawood" authorityYear="2017" box="[271,504,1606,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elghazalyi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B940DB51160FFFE0B431E5616AA1CB21" box="[271,504,1606,1629]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="341">Monomorium elghazalyi</emphasis>
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, Paratype worker. (a) body in profile. (b) Head in full-face view, CASENT0746626, AntWeb.org, (Michele Esposito). (c) Distribution map.
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workers
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);
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<materialsCitation id="3B5C0D1E160CFFE3B111E3D06A98CC28" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3762058321" collectingDate="2014-04-19" collectingDateMax="2014-04-20" collectingDateMin="2014-04-19" collectionCode="KSMA" collectorName="Sharaf" country="Yemen" elevation="33" latitude="12.63311" location="Yemen" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="54.05632" pageId="26" pageNumber="342" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry id="F32347D3160CFFE3B111E3D06FD9CC73" box="[1071,1152,247,271]" name="Yemen" pageId="26" pageNumber="342">Yemen</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F32347D3160CFFE3B59EE23D6A1ECC4E" box="[160,327,282,306]" name="Socotra Island" pageId="26" pageNumber="342">Socotra Island</collectingCountry>
, Haydibo, Erheno, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE006184160CFFE3B717E23D69F2CC4E" box="[553,683,282,306]" degrees="12.65023" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="342" precision="1" value="12.65023">12.65023°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE006184160CFFE3B785E23D6861CC4E" box="[699,824,282,306]" degrees="54.04016" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="342" precision="1" value="54.04016">54.04016°E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCCAAA6160CFFE3B676E23D68D1CC4E" box="[840,904,282,306]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="26" pageNumber="342" unit="m" value="33.0">
<elevation id="0019E070160CFFE3B676E23D68D1CC4E" box="[840,904,282,306]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="26" pageNumber="342" unit="m" value="33.0">33 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FF8A2183160CFFE3B6A7E23D6F65CC4E" box="[921,1084,282,306]" pageId="26" pageNumber="342" value="2014-04-19">
<collectingDate id="EFCED86B160CFFE3B6A7E23D6F65CC4E" box="[921,1084,282,306]" pageId="26" pageNumber="342" value="2014-04-19">19 April 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
, (M.R. 
<collectorName id="26C16295160CFFE3B59EE21B6BBFCC28" box="[160,230,316,340]" pageId="26" pageNumber="342">Sharaf</collectorName>
leg.) (14 w, 
<collectionCode id="ED259F86160CFFE3B44BE21B6AE2CC28" box="[373,443,316,340]" pageId="26" pageNumber="342">KSMA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E54C8160CFFE3B59EE2A76ABACB2B" pageId="26" pageNumber="342" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8B0743160CFFE3B59EE2A76A7FCCE6" blockId="26.[160,1156,384,1207]" box="[160,294,384,410]" pageId="26" pageNumber="342">
<emphasis id="B940DB51160CFFE3B59EE2A76A7FCCE6" bold="true" box="[160,294,384,410]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="342">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B0743160CFFE3B59EE2836A93C9CB" blockId="26.[160,1156,384,1207]" pageId="26" pageNumber="342">
<emphasis id="B940DB51160CFFE3B59EE2836B80CCC0" box="[160,217,420,444]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="342">Head</emphasis>
. Head in full-face view longer than broad (CI 73–86) with shallowly convex sides and feebly concave posterior margin; anterior clypeal margin shallowly concave between a pair of low, broad, blunt teeth; clypeal carinae feebly developed, widely separated and subparallel; maximum diameter of eyes 0.19 × HW and with six ommatidia in the longest row; with head in full-face view the posterior margins of eyes at midlength of lateral sides; antennae 12-segmented; scapes, when laid back from their insertions, just reach posterior margin of head; masticatory margin of mandibles armed with four teeth. 
<emphasis id="B940DB51160CFFE3B468E1B06A93CFD3" box="[342,458,663,687]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="342">Mesosoma</emphasis>
. Mesosoma in profile with promesonotum evenly convex and sloping abruptly posteriorly to the strongly and broadly impressed metanotal groove; propodeal dorsum in profile high and followed by long, shallow, convex curve which slopes posteriorly to propodeal declivity; propodeal spiracle small and pinhole-like, located at midline of the upper half of propodeum. 
<emphasis id="B940DB51160CFFE3B633E005680CCE46" box="[781,853,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="342">Petiole</emphasis>
. Petiolar node high and narrow in profile, cuneate, very narrowly rounded above; subpetiolar process absent. 
<emphasis id="B940DB51160CFFE3B59EE0406A4FCE03" box="[160,278,871,895]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="342">Postpetiole</emphasis>
. Postpetiolar node lower than postpetiolar node in profile and nearly hexagonal in shape in dorsal view; postpetiolar dorsum in profile distinctly more broadly rounded than petiole. 
<emphasis id="B940DB51160CFFE3B49BE08B6AA8CEB8" box="[421,497,940,964]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="342">Pilosity</emphasis>
. Cephalic dorsum with short scattered hair-pits; underside of head with two or three short hairs; anterior clypeal margin and mandibles with long hairs; antennae and legs with appressed pubescence; mesosoma without hairs (with no indication of abrasion in all specimens), only sparse appressed pubescence; petiole and postpetiole each with a single pair of hairs; gaster with several pairs of hairs. 
<emphasis id="B940DB51160CFFE3B59EE77D6A5CC90E" box="[160,261,1114,1138]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="342">Sculpture</emphasis>
. Overall smooth and glossy. Mesopleura, propodeum, petiole and postpetiole finely punctate. 
<emphasis id="B940DB51160CFFE3B464E75B6AF8C9E8" box="[346,417,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="342">Colour</emphasis>
. yellow, mesosomal dorsum, petiole, postpetiole and first gastral tergite whitish yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B0743160CFFE3B59EE7C56963C980" blockId="26.[160,1155,1250,1346]" box="[160,570,1250,1276]" pageId="26" pageNumber="342">
<emphasis id="B940DB51160CFFE3B59EE7C56963C980" bold="true" box="[160,570,1250,1276]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="342">
Measurements of 
<typeStatus id="548FB9E1160CFFE3B449E7C56A86C980" box="[375,479,1250,1276]" pageId="26" pageNumber="342" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
worker
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B0743160CFFE3B59EE62069C2C83E" blockId="26.[160,1155,1250,1346]" pageId="26" pageNumber="342">
EL 0.08; HL 0.48; HW 0.41; ML 0.53; 
<collectingCountry id="F32347D3160CFFE3B70BE620690CC863" box="[565,597,1287,1311]" name="Philippines" pageId="26" pageNumber="342">PH</collectingCountry>
0.14; PL 0.09; PPH 0.11; PPL 0.09; PPW 0.12; PRW 0.24; PW 0.09; SL 0.42; TL 1.88; CI 85; SI 102.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B0743160CFFE3B59EE64A6911C8FB" blockId="26.[160,1155,1389,1519]" box="[160,584,1389,1415]" pageId="26" pageNumber="342">
<emphasis id="B940DB51160CFFE3B59EE64A6911C8FB" bold="true" box="[160,584,1389,1415]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="342">
Measurements of 
<typeStatus id="548FB9E1160CFFE3B449E64A6AB8C8FB" box="[375,481,1389,1415]" pageId="26" pageNumber="342" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
workers
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B0743160CFFE3B59EE6B56938C893" blockId="26.[160,1155,1389,1519]" pageId="26" pageNumber="342">
EL 0.07–0.08; HL 0.48–0.53; HW 0.36–0.42; ML 0.46–0.59; 
<collectingCountry id="F32347D3160CFFE3B623E6B56864C8D6" box="[797,829,1426,1450]" name="Philippines" pageId="26" pageNumber="342">PH</collectingCountry>
0.12–0.14; PL 0.08–0.14; PPH 0.09–0.12; PPL 0.07–0.11; PPW 0.09–0.12; PRW 0.21–0.26; PW 0.08–0.11; SL 0.38–0.44; TL 1.76–2.20; CI 73–86; SI 97–117 (
<emphasis id="B940DB51160CFFE3B736E6F0694FC893" box="[520,534,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="342">n</emphasis>
= 17).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B0743160CFFE3B59EE53C6A2ECB49" blockId="26.[160,483,1563,1623]" box="[160,375,1563,1589]" pageId="26" pageNumber="342">
<emphasis id="B940DB51160CFFE3B59EE53C6A2ECB49" bold="true" box="[160,375,1563,1589]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="342">Geographic range</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B0743160CFFE3B59EE5186ABACB2B" blockId="26.[160,483,1563,1623]" box="[160,483,1599,1623]" pageId="26" pageNumber="342">
Type locality: 
<collectingCountry id="F32347D3160CFFE3B403E5186AB9CB2B" box="[317,480,1599,1623]" name="Socotra Island" pageId="26" pageNumber="342">Socotra Island</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E54C8160DFFE2B59EE3AA6F65CF58" pageId="27" pageNumber="343" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8B0743160DFFE2B59EE3AA6AC7CDDB" blockId="27.[160,1156,141,756]" box="[160,414,141,167]" pageId="27" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="B940DB51160DFFE2B59EE3AA6AC7CDDB" bold="true" box="[160,414,141,167]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="343">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B0743160DFFE2B59EE3956F65CF58" blockId="27.[160,1156,141,756]" pageId="27" pageNumber="343">
This new species is a member of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C347CC0160DFFE2B701E3956811CDB6" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[575,840,178,202]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salomonis">
<emphasis id="B940DB51160DFFE2B701E3956811CDB6" box="[575,840,178,202]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="343">Monomorium salomonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group as defined by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA57AB2160DFFE2B104E3956BBECD90" author="Bolton B" pageId="27" pageNumber="343" pagination="263 - 452" refId="ref17852" refString="Bolton B. 1987. A review of the Solenopsis genus group and revision of Afrotropical Monomorium. Bull Br Museum (Nat Hist) Entomol. 54: 263 - 452." type="journal article" year="1987">Bolton (1987)</bibRefCitation>
, but will not key in Bolton’ s (1987) study of the Afrotropical 
<taxonomicName id="4C347CC0160DFFE2B6F3E3F36F38CD90" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1855" box="[973,1121,212,236]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940DB51160DFFE2B6F3E3F36F38CD90" box="[973,1121,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="343">Monomorium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It appears similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C347CC0160DFFE2B44DE3D06864CC73" authority="Santschi, 1920" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1920" box="[371,829,247,271]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotundatum">
<emphasis id="B940DB51160DFFE2B44DE3D069CBCC73" box="[371,658,247,271]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="343">Monomorium rotundatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA57AB2160DFFE2B7A5E3D06864CC73" author="Santschi F" box="[667,829,247,271]" pageId="27" pageNumber="343" pagination="6 - 17" refId="ref20345" refString="Santschi F 1920. Formicides nouveaux du Gabon, du Congo, de la Rhodesia et du Natal. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 60: 6 - 17." type="journal article" year="1920">Santschi, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
described from 
<collectingCountry id="F32347D3160DFFE2B6C7E3D06FDACC73" box="[1017,1155,247,271]" name="South Africa" pageId="27" pageNumber="343">South Africa</collectingCountry>
in colour and body size. 
<taxonomicName id="4C347CC0160DFFE2B48FE23D69E0CC4E" authorityName="Sharaf &amp; Fisher &amp; Collingwood &amp; Aldawood" authorityYear="2017" box="[433,697,282,306]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elghazalyi">
<emphasis id="B940DB51160DFFE2B48FE23D69E0CC4E" box="[433,697,282,306]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="343">Monomorium elghazalyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be readily separated by the concave anterior clypeal margin, the longer antennal scapes (SI 97–117), the absence of erect hairs on mesosoma, the clearly convex promesonotum, the deeply and broadly impressed metanotal groove, the reticulate-punctate mesopleuron and propodeal dorsum. Whereas 
<taxonomicName id="4C347CC0160DFFE2B477E2836932CCC0" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1920" box="[329,619,420,444]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotundatum">
<emphasis id="B940DB51160DFFE2B477E2836932CCC0" box="[329,619,420,444]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="343">Monomorium rotundatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a transverse, or shallowly convex anterior clypeal margin, a shorter antennal scape (SI 79–83), four or five pairs of hairs on the promesonotum, and a single pair on propodeum, a shallowly convex promesonotum profile, a weakly impressed metanotal groove, and a smooth unsculptured body.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E54C8160DFFE2B5FEE1086F62CF88" pageId="27" pageNumber="343" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8B0743160DFFE2B5FEE1086F62CF88" blockId="27.[160,1156,141,756]" pageId="27" pageNumber="343">
Superficially, 
<taxonomicName id="4C347CC0160DFFE2B467E108693ECF3B" authorityName="Sharaf &amp; Fisher &amp; Collingwood &amp; Aldawood" authorityYear="2017" box="[345,615,559,583]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elghazalyi">
<emphasis id="B940DB51160DFFE2B467E108693ECF3B" box="[345,615,559,583]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="343">Monomorium elghazalyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also appears closest to 
<taxonomicName id="4C347CC0160DFFE2B6B0E1086A80CF16" authority="Collingwood &amp; Agosti, 1996" authorityName="Collingwood &amp; Agosti" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumaire">
<emphasis id="B940DB51160DFFE2B6B0E1086FDDCF3B" box="[910,1156,559,583]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="343">Monomorium tumaire</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA57AB2160DFFE2B59EE1756A80CF16" author="Collingwood CA &amp; Agosti D" box="[160,473,594,618]" pageId="27" pageNumber="343" pagination="300 - 385" refId="ref18173" refString="Collingwood CA, Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia. 15: 300 - 385." type="journal article" year="1996">Collingwood &amp; Agosti, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F32347D3160DFFE2B720E1756913CF16" box="[542,586,594,618]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="27" pageNumber="343">KSA</collectingCountry>
but 
<taxonomicName id="4C347CC0160DFFE2B741E17568D1CF16" authorityName="Sharaf &amp; Fisher &amp; Collingwood &amp; Aldawood" authorityYear="2017" box="[639,904,594,618]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elghazalyi">
<emphasis id="B940DB51160DFFE2B741E17568D1CF16" box="[639,904,594,618]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="343">Monomorium elghazalyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by the smaller eyes composed of six ommatidia in the longest row, the uniform yellow colour, and the lack of the ammochaeta psammophore. 
<taxonomicName id="4C347CC0160DFFE2B67EE1B06F14CFD3" authorityName="Sharaf &amp; Fisher &amp; Collingwood &amp; Aldawood" authorityYear="2017" box="[832,1101,663,687]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elghazalyi">
<emphasis id="B940DB51160DFFE2B67EE1B06F14CFD3" box="[832,1101,663,687]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="343">Monomorium elghazalyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a distinctive member of the Arabian 
<taxonomicName id="4C347CC0160DFFE2B718E19D69E2CFAE" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1855" box="[550,699,698,722]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940DB51160DFFE2B718E19D69E2CFAE" box="[550,699,698,722]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="343">Monomorium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fauna as it is the first unicolorous yellow species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C347CC0160DFFE2B479E1FB690BCF88" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[327,594,732,756]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salomonis">
<emphasis id="B940DB51160DFFE2B479E1FB690BCF88" box="[327,594,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="343">Monomorium salomonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group known from the Arabian Peninsula.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E54C8160DFFE2B59EE0076927CE03" pageId="27" pageNumber="343" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8B0743160DFFE2B59EE0076A44CE46" blockId="27.[160,1156,800,895]" box="[160,285,800,826]" pageId="27" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="B940DB51160DFFE2B59EE0076A44CE46" bold="true" box="[160,285,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="343">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B0743160DFFE2B59EE0636927CE03" blockId="27.[160,1156,800,895]" pageId="27" pageNumber="343">
A patronymic (
<taxonomicName id="4C347CC0160DFFE2B477E063690DCE20" authorityName="Sharaf &amp; Fisher &amp; Collingwood &amp; Aldawood" authorityYear="2017" box="[329,596,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elghazalyi">
<emphasis id="B940DB51160DFFE2B477E063690DCE20" box="[329,596,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="343">Monomorium elghazalyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) was chosen to honour the late Egyptian Islamic writer Mohammed Elghazaly (1917–1996).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E54C8160DFFE2B59EE08D686BC933" pageId="27" pageNumber="343" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8B8B0743160DFFE2B59EE08D694CCEB8" blockId="27.[160,1155,938,1103]" box="[160,533,938,964]" pageId="27" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="B940DB51160DFFE2B59EE08D694CCEB8" bold="true" box="[160,533,938,964]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="343">Ecological and biological notes</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B0743160DFFE2B59EE0E8686BC933" blockId="27.[160,1155,938,1103]" pageId="27" pageNumber="343">
The type series of the new species was found nesting in moist soil under a rock next to a date palm tree. The other nest series was collected from Wadi Sakhalof, where it was found foraging in very dry soil rich in decaying goat faeces under a date palm tree. It seems likely that the species may be endemic to 
<collectingCountry id="F32347D3160DFFE2B7E9E7106876C933" box="[727,815,1079,1103]" name="Yemen" pageId="27" pageNumber="343">Socotra</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>