326 lines
37 KiB
XML
326 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.51298" ID-GBIF-Dataset="21975627-96b7-45c7-9c80-0a73a850169a" ID-PMC="PMC7387366" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-950-51" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7F08092C01585A70A7948EA57A2A8E2E" ID-PubMed="32774101" ID-ZooBank="3E805885D3354FB3AE8DFA443FAD82AE" ModsDocID="1313-2970-950-51" checkinTime="1595285263451" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Takaoka, Hiroyuki, Srisuka, Wichai, Fukuda, Masako & Saeung, Atiporn" docDate="2020" docId="7897D0C5C1095477919A8B5F60CE800A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 950: 51-152" docOrigin="ZooKeys 950" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.51298" docTitle="Simulium (Gomphostilbia) pitasawatae Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="D35AD402-A33C-4560-B98A-5718CDA4B683" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="7F08092C01585A70A7948EA57A2A8E2E" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="7F08092C01585A70A7948EA57A2A8E2E" masterDocTitle="Twenty-one new species of the Simulium (Gomphostilbia) asakoae species group (Diptera, Simuliidae) in Thailand, with their genetic relationships" masterLastPageNumber="152" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1668169112888" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Twenty-one new species of the Simulium (Gomphostilbia) asakoae species group (Diptera, Simuliidae) in Thailand, with their genetic relationships</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Takaoka, Hiroyuki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Srisuka, Wichai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Entomology Section, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, P. O. Box 7, Maerim, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fukuda, Masako</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Research Promotion, Oita University, Idaigaoka 1 - 1, Hasama, Yufu City, Oita, 879 - 5593, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Saeung, Atiporn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3550-5992</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">atisaeung.noi@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>950</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>51</mods:start>
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<mods:end>152</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.51298</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.51298</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-950-51</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3E805885D3354FB3AE8DFA443FAD82AE</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">7F08092C01585A70A7948EA57A2A8E2E</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="165843376" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D35AD402-A33C-4560-B98A-5718CDA4B683" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7897D0C5C1095477919A8B5F60CE800A" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName LSID="7897D0C5-C109-5477-919A-8B5F60CE800A" authority="Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung" authorityName="Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulium (Gomphostilbia) pitasawatae" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pitasawatae" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Gomphostilbia">Simulium (Gomphostilbia) pitasawatae Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="51">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. pitasawatae sp. nov. A female B-F male G-J pupa K larva. A mandible (left side) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G, H gill filaments (left side; lateral view) I terminal hooks (caudal view) J cocoon (dorsal view) K head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (J); 0.1 mm (B, G, H, K); 0.02 mm (C-F); 0.01 mm (A, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433880" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figs 16</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Schematic illustrations of larval body color patterns (dorsal view). A S. teerachanense sp. nov. B S. pitasawatae sp. nov. C S. sutheppuiense sp. nov. D S. asakoae E S. klonglanense sp. nov. F S. namdanense sp. nov. G S. chaowaense sp. nov. H S. loeiense sp. nov. I S. huaimorense sp. nov. J S. nanoiense sp. nov. K S. junkumae sp. nov. L S. myanmarense M S. maewongense sp. nov. N S. phapeungense sp. nov. O S. muangpanense sp. nov. P S. maehongsonense sp. nov. Q S. thungchangense sp. nov. R S. chiangdaoense S S. inthanonense (morph 1) T S. inthanonense (morph 2)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433889" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">, 25B</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Holotype</emphasis>
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: Male (with its associated pupal exuviae and cocoon) (in 80% ethanol) labeled as "Holotype:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulium pitasawatae" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pitasawatae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Simulium pitasawatae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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male, QSBG col. no. 49, Thailand, 2-II-2019, by W. Srisuka", collected from a stream (width 120 cm, depth 10 cm, bed sandy, moderate flow, pH 6.6, 17.1 °C, partially shaded, elevation 1,154 m,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="36.8" value="19.06022">19°03'36.8"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="15.7" value="99.32103">99°19'15.7"E</geoCoordinate>
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), Huai Mor Nuea Village, Doi Saket, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2-II-2019, by W. Srisuka and A. Saeung (Coll. No. 49).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Paratypes</emphasis>
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: Three females, eight males (thorax of one male for DNA analysis) (with their associated pupal exuviae and cocoons), and 10 mature larvae (one mature larva for DNA analysis) (in 80% ethanol), same data as for holotype.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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Female: small sensory vesicle and mandible with three to five distinct teeth on outer margin (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. pitasawatae sp. nov. A female B-F male G-J pupa K larva. A mandible (left side) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G, H gill filaments (left side; lateral view) I terminal hooks (caudal view) J cocoon (dorsal view) K head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (J); 0.1 mm (B, G, H, K); 0.02 mm (C-F); 0.01 mm (A, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433880" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">16A</figureCitation>
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). Male: number of upper-eye facets in 14 vertical columns and 15 horizontal rows. Pupa: dorsal triplet of the gill filaments without their stalk or with an extremely short stalk (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. pitasawatae sp. nov. A female B-F male G-J pupa K larva. A mandible (left side) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G, H gill filaments (left side; lateral view) I terminal hooks (caudal view) J cocoon (dorsal view) K head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (J); 0.1 mm (B, G, H, K); 0.02 mm (C-F); 0.01 mm (A, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433880" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">16G, H</figureCitation>
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). Larva: postgenal cleft as long as or little longer than the postgenal bridge (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. pitasawatae sp. nov. A female B-F male G-J pupa K larva. A mandible (left side) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G, H gill filaments (left side; lateral view) I terminal hooks (caudal view) J cocoon (dorsal view) K head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (J); 0.1 mm (B, G, H, K); 0.02 mm (C-F); 0.01 mm (A, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433880" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">16K</figureCitation>
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) and abdominal segments 1-4 light ochreous (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Schematic illustrations of larval body color patterns (dorsal view). A S. teerachanense sp. nov. B S. pitasawatae sp. nov. C S. sutheppuiense sp. nov. D S. asakoae E S. klonglanense sp. nov. F S. namdanense sp. nov. G S. chaowaense sp. nov. H S. loeiense sp. nov. I S. huaimorense sp. nov. J S. nanoiense sp. nov. K S. junkumae sp. nov. L S. myanmarense M S. maewongense sp. nov. N S. phapeungense sp. nov. O S. muangpanense sp. nov. P S. maehongsonense sp. nov. Q S. thungchangense sp. nov. R S. chiangdaoense S S. inthanonense (morph 1) T S. inthanonense (morph 2)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433889" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">25B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433880" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figure 16.</emphasis>
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Female, male, pupa and larva of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. pitasawatae" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="pitasawatae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. pitasawatae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
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female
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">B-F</emphasis>
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male
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">G-J</emphasis>
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pupa
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">K</emphasis>
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larva.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
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mandible (left side)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">B</emphasis>
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hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
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coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">D</emphasis>
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style (right side; ventrolateral view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">E</emphasis>
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ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">F</emphasis>
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ventral plate (caudal view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">G, H</emphasis>
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gill filaments (left side; lateral view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">I</emphasis>
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terminal hooks (caudal view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">J</emphasis>
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cocoon (dorsal view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">K</emphasis>
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head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">J</emphasis>
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); 0.1 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">B, G, H, K</emphasis>
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); 0.02 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C-F</emphasis>
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); 0.01 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A, I</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Female</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">N</emphasis>
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= 3). Body length 2.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Head.</emphasis>
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Frontal ratio 1.7-1.8:1.0:2.3-2.5; frons:head ratio 1.0:4.2-4.9. Labrum 0.61-0.64 times length of clypeus. Maxillary palpus: proportional lengths of third, fourth, and fifth palpal segments 1.0:1.1-1.2:2.0-2.3; sensory vesicle medium sized, ellipsoidal (0.32-0.35 times length of third palpal segment). Lacinia with nine or ten inner and 12-14 outer teeth. Mandible (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. pitasawatae sp. nov. A female B-F male G-J pupa K larva. A mandible (left side) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G, H gill filaments (left side; lateral view) I terminal hooks (caudal view) J cocoon (dorsal view) K head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (J); 0.1 mm (B, G, H, K); 0.02 mm (C-F); 0.01 mm (A, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433880" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">16A</figureCitation>
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) with 20-23 inner teeth and three to five outer teeth at some distance from tip.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Legs.</emphasis>
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Foreleg: basitarsus moderately dilated, 6.3-6.7 times as long as its greatest width. Hind leg: coxa medium brown; tibia yellowish white on basal three-fifths and light brown to brownish black on rest; basitarsus 5.7-6.0 times as long as wide, and 0.7-0.8 and 0.6 times as wide as greatest widths of tibia and femur, respectively; claw with large basal tooth 0.43 times length of claw.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Wing.</emphasis>
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Length 2.0-2.1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Abdomen.</emphasis>
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Dorsal surface of abdomen medium to dark brown except anterior one-fifths of segment 2 ochreous.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Terminalia.</emphasis>
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Sternite 8 bare medially, with 19-23 medium-long to long hairs together with two to four slender short hairs on each side. Paraproct in ventral view with four sensilla on anteromedial surface; paraproct in lateral view 0.6-0.7 times as long as wide, with 18-20 medium-long to long hairs on ventral and lateral surfaces. Cercus in lateral view 0.5 times as long as wide.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Male</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">N</emphasis>
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= 9). Body length 2.1-2.3 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Head.</emphasis>
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Somewhat wide than thorax. Upper eye dark brown, consisting of large facets in 14 (rarely 13) vertical columns and 15 horizontal rows on each side. Antenna: first flagellomere elongate, 1.8 times length of second. Maxillary palpus: proportional lengths of third, fourth, and fifth palpal segments 1.0:1.1:2.4; sensory vesicle small, ellipsoidal (0.22-0.25 times length of third palpal segment).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Legs.</emphasis>
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Foreleg: tibia light grey to light brown except basal tip and outer surface of basal two-thirds whitish, and apical one-third dark brown; basitarsus 7.9-8.3 times as long as its greatest width. Hind leg: coxa medium brown; tarsus (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. pitasawatae sp. nov. A female B-F male G-J pupa K larva. A mandible (left side) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G, H gill filaments (left side; lateral view) I terminal hooks (caudal view) J cocoon (dorsal view) K head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (J); 0.1 mm (B, G, H, K); 0.02 mm (C-F); 0.01 mm (A, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433880" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">16B</figureCitation>
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) 3.7-4.0 times as long as wide, and 0.9-1.0 and 1.0-1.1 times as wide as greatest width of tibia and femur, respectively; calcipala (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. pitasawatae sp. nov. A female B-F male G-J pupa K larva. A mandible (left side) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G, H gill filaments (left side; lateral view) I terminal hooks (caudal view) J cocoon (dorsal view) K head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (J); 0.1 mm (B, G, H, K); 0.02 mm (C-F); 0.01 mm (A, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433880" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">16B</figureCitation>
|
||
) slightly shorter than basal width, and 0.3 times as wide as greatest width of basitarsus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Wing.</emphasis>
|
||
Length 2.0-2.1 mm. Subcosta bare in three males but with one to five hairs in six males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Genitalia.</emphasis>
|
||
Coxite in ventral view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. pitasawatae sp. nov. A female B-F male G-J pupa K larva. A mandible (left side) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G, H gill filaments (left side; lateral view) I terminal hooks (caudal view) J cocoon (dorsal view) K head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (J); 0.1 mm (B, G, H, K); 0.02 mm (C-F); 0.01 mm (A, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433880" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">16C</figureCitation>
|
||
) nearly rectangular, 1.6 times as long as its greatest width. Style in ventrolateral view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. pitasawatae sp. nov. A female B-F male G-J pupa K larva. A mandible (left side) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G, H gill filaments (left side; lateral view) I terminal hooks (caudal view) J cocoon (dorsal view) K head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (J); 0.1 mm (B, G, H, K); 0.02 mm (C-F); 0.01 mm (A, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433880" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">16D</figureCitation>
|
||
) 0.8 times length of coxite. Ventral plate in ventral view with basal arms slightly divergent, then convergent apically; ventral plate in caudal view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. pitasawatae sp. nov. A female B-F male G-J pupa K larva. A mandible (left side) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G, H gill filaments (left side; lateral view) I terminal hooks (caudal view) J cocoon (dorsal view) K head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (J); 0.1 mm (B, G, H, K); 0.02 mm (C-F); 0.01 mm (A, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433880" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">16F</figureCitation>
|
||
) with ventral margin nearly straight or slightly concave medially. Paramere with basal arm bare or rarely with few minute setae on outer surface. Cercus with 15-18 hairs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 12). Body length 2.4-2.7 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
Integument yellow, Thorax. Integument yellow, moderately covered with round tubercles except dorsal and dorsolateral surfaces of posterior half sparsely covered with tubercles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Gill (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. pitasawatae sp. nov. A female B-F male G-J pupa K larva. A mandible (left side) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G, H gill filaments (left side; lateral view) I terminal hooks (caudal view) J cocoon (dorsal view) K head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (J); 0.1 mm (B, G, H, K); 0.02 mm (C-F); 0.01 mm (A, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433880" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">16G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
) composed of eight slender thread-like filaments, arranged as [3+(1+2)]+2 or (3+3)+2 or (2+1+3)+2 from dorsal to ventral; common basal stalk 0.6-0.8 times length of interspiracular trunk; dorsal and middle triplets sharing short stalk, and dorsal triplet mostly composed of three individual filaments arising at same level from extremely short stalk or directly from stalk of middle triplet, middle triplet mostly composed of three individual filaments arising at same level or one individual and two paired filaments with extremely short secondary stalk; stalk of ventral pair of filaments 1.1-1.3 times length of common basal stalk, and 0.7-0.9 times length of interspiracular trunk; primary stalk of dorsal triplet lying against that of lower pair at angle of 50-60° when viewed laterally; filaments of dorsal and middle triplets subequal in length (1.7-2.0 mm) and thickness to one another; two filaments of ventral pair subequal in length (2.5-3.0 mm) and thickness to each other and 1.5 times as thick as six other filaments of dorsal and middle triplets when compared basally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsally, all segments light yellowish; segments 1 and 2 without tubercles; segment 5 with one spine (same size as those on segments 6-9) on one side in two pupae; segment 9 with pair of wide flat terminal hooks (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. pitasawatae sp. nov. A female B-F male G-J pupa K larva. A mandible (left side) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G, H gill filaments (left side; lateral view) I terminal hooks (caudal view) J cocoon (dorsal view) K head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (J); 0.1 mm (B, G, H, K); 0.02 mm (C-F); 0.01 mm (A, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433880" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">16I</figureCitation>
|
||
), of which outer margin 3.6-3.9 times length of inner margin and crenulated when viewed caudally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Cocoon</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. pitasawatae sp. nov. A female B-F male G-J pupa K larva. A mandible (left side) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G, H gill filaments (left side; lateral view) I terminal hooks (caudal view) J cocoon (dorsal view) K head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (J); 0.1 mm (B, G, H, K); 0.02 mm (C-F); 0.01 mm (A, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433880" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">16J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Whitish yellow, slipper-shaped, roughly to moderately woven, widely extended ventrolaterally; anterior margin moderately woven medially, without bulge or short projection; individual threads invisible; 3.0-3.5 mm long by 1.7-2.4 mm wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Mature larva</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 9). Body length 4.3-5.4 mm. Body light ochreous with following color markings: thoracic segment 1 encircled with light to dark brown (rarely reddish brown) band (though disconnected ventrally), thoracic segments 2 and 3 ochreous on ventral surface; abdominal segment 4 with reddish brown transverse band (though often entirely faded out), abdominal segments 5 and 6 each with distinct reddish brown, W-shaped, transverse band dorsally along posterior margin, though often partially faded out leaving one round dorsomedial spot and two lateral spots of various size and shape), dorsal and dorsolateral surface of abdominal segments 5-8 faintly to moderately covered with pinkish or reddish brown pigments (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Schematic illustrations of larval body color patterns (dorsal view). A S. teerachanense sp. nov. B S. pitasawatae sp. nov. C S. sutheppuiense sp. nov. D S. asakoae E S. klonglanense sp. nov. F S. namdanense sp. nov. G S. chaowaense sp. nov. H S. loeiense sp. nov. I S. huaimorense sp. nov. J S. nanoiense sp. nov. K S. junkumae sp. nov. L S. myanmarense M S. maewongense sp. nov. N S. phapeungense sp. nov. O S. muangpanense sp. nov. P S. maehongsonense sp. nov. Q S. thungchangense sp. nov. R S. chiangdaoense S S. inthanonense (morph 1) T S. inthanonense (morph 2)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433889" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">25B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
Head capsule yellow except eye-spot region whitish; head spots moderately positive. Antenna: proportional lengths of first, second, and third articles 1.0:0.7-0.8:0.8-1.0. Labral fan with 23 or 24 primary rays. Postgenal cleft (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. pitasawatae sp. nov. A female B-F male G-J pupa K larva. A mandible (left side) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G, H gill filaments (left side; lateral view) I terminal hooks (caudal view) J cocoon (dorsal view) K head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (J); 0.1 mm (B, G, H, K); 0.02 mm (C-F); 0.01 mm (A, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433880" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">16K</figureCitation>
|
||
) rounded or pentagonal, 1.1-1.4 times length of postgenal bridge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Thoracic and abdominal cuticle sparsely covered with unpigmented minute setae, though few posterior abdominal segments sparsely covered also with dark minute unbranched setae dorsally. Rectal organ compound, each of three lobes with 7-11 finger-like secondary lobules. Anal sclerite of usual X-form, with anterior arms 1.1 times as long as posterior ones. Posterior circlet with 81-85 rows of hooklets with up to 14 or 15 hooklets per row.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
The species name,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="pitasawatae" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="pitasawatae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">pitasawatae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is in honor of Associate Prof. Dr. Benjawan Pitasawat, Head of Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, who kindly supported A. Saeung in collections of black flies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Thailand (Chiang Mai).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
This new species is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tamdaoense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="tamdaoense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. tamdaoense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Takaoka, Sofian-Azirun &
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ya’cob">Ya'cob</normalizedToken>
|
||
described from Vietnam (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3838.3.6" author="Takaoka, H" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="347 - 366" refId="B23" refString="Takaoka, H, Sofian-Azirun, M, Ya'cob, Z, Chen, CD, Lau, KW, Pham, HT, 2014a. New species and records of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Vinh Phuc Province, Vietnam. Zootaxa 3838: 347 - 366, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3838.3.6" title="New species and records of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Vinh Phuc Province, Vietnam." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3838.3.6" volume="3838" year="2014 a">Takaoka et al. 2014a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tanahrataense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="tanahrataense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. tanahrataense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described from Peninsular Malaysia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.1.3" author="Takaoka, H" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="54 - 68" refId="B25" refString="Takaoka, H, Sofian-Azirun, M, Ya'cob, Z, Hashim, R, 2014b. Two new species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Cameron's Highlands, Peninsular Malaysia, with keys to 21 species of the Simulium asakoae species-group. Zootaxa 3765: 54 - 68, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.1.3" title="Two new species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Cameron's Highlands, Peninsular Malaysia, with keys to 21 species of the Simulium asakoae species-group." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.1.3" volume="3765" year="2014 b">Takaoka et al. 2014b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in many characters including the number of male upper-eye facets and shape of the ventral plate in caudal view. However, it is distinguished from the latter two species by the dorsal triplet of the pupal gill filaments without their stalk or with an extremely short stalk (with their stalk nearly as long as the common stalk of the dorsal and middle triplet in the latter two species), from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tamdaoense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="tamdaoense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. tamdaoense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the male fore basitarsus 7.9-8.3 times as long as its greatest width (6.8 times in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tamdaoense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="tamdaoense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. tamdaoense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the outer margin of the pupal terminal hook 3.7-3.9 times as long as the inner margin (1.8-1.9 times in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tamdaoense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="tamdaoense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. tamdaoense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tanahrataense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="tanahrataense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. tanahrataense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the male first flagellomere of the antenna 1.8 times as long as the second (2.1 times in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tanahrataense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="tanahrataense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. tanahrataense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and male sensory vesicle 0.22-0.25 times length of third palpal segment (0.16-0.18 time in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tanahrataense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="tanahrataense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. tanahrataense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
The larva of this new species is similar in the body color pattern to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. (G.) sutheppuiense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="sutheppuiense" subGenus="G.">S. (G.) sutheppuiense</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. but is barely distinguished from the latter species by the labral fan with 23 or 24 primary rays (29 or 30 primary rays in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. (G.) sutheppuiense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="sutheppuiense" subGenus="G.">S. (G.) sutheppuiense</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |