1121 lines
136 KiB
XML
1121 lines
136 KiB
XML
<document id="A25BE855CA6D55A42EA4B6ABBE153E20" ID-CLB-Dataset="45746" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3796.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6e7e6c79-42e2-4ab2-ad1d-5d8f53fa61b1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="251257" ID-ZooBank="FE38169D-6687-42DF-B29B-444A954D1E08" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460421369826" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vassilieva, Anna B., Galoyan, Eduard A., Gogoleva, Svetlana S. & Poyarkov, Nikolay A." docDate="2014" docId="18098786FFF89618EDC1750CE4242811" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03796p434.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3796 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Kalophrynus cryptophonus Vassilieva, Galoyan, Gogoleva & Poyarkov, 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="422" masterDocId="E430FFFEFFF1960DED567468E7122B04" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Kalophrynus Tschudi, 1838 (Anura: Microhylidae) from the Annamite mountains in southern Vietnam" masterLastPageNumber="434" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="410" updateTime="1698330000561" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="C9C473F72CF1EB964C0FD86C46873A0D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="AFE5644B9A8BFBF36D65A699DBC0AC3D">
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<mods:title id="5883620759717E35EE7DDB0FD85EBD71">Two new species of Kalophrynus Tschudi, 1838 (Anura: Microhylidae) from the Annamite mountains in southern Vietnam</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="D0461AF8FF3FC1D2E076D7FBA8D3A015" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="CDADF35250FE89F343E856C0A2D5B70E">
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<mods:roleTerm id="286A2C7D46520C4912D77A653C534810">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2B439C96E279A1650637BFCC9551CC00">Vassilieva, Anna B.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="6DD6A1D980F99F32FFF09A1EA722FE21" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="74CF559A473A887967A7261F72D06110">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D07B2291A765768495BA435D37C20ED0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D2C0CA94443D64569D2D8E6812DF4F6D">Galoyan, Eduard A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="3EDF981010D4CD0362882B8B65C29FEC" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4193B7D8450C71567B5B6983B9E4E7E4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8CFD1097CA148E9B1766509CC1DE0168">Gogoleva, Svetlana S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="EB05AD6D6C54CA83E7CF05D947F426BE" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="98A55D05E2D42CC7209E6C298F5311B6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E048E581C54C211F63B86CA496426230">Poyarkov, Nikolay A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8255F806B4775FDA6DAC0666D73CA283">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="553ADC3A0635779530B98B2B5BB37B38">
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<mods:title id="8392DCD25E1285C2CFC182BCBCA4004F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="56DBF6D0B1DC5FF76994C814E0324FD0">
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<mods:date id="2E41F87CA016DE9FE2F26CFB9AEFA8B6">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="CD8D241E9940BD9700F0F11A7D02065F" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="7BC801F9215C380160E2EB88DCD1C963">3796</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="AB41452875EF0372A6C6BDF2BC4B7EE0" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="1298BBDB9AAF523D6980011343B1CA3E">3</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="36A0203594481ED8EA3583F273F6CCB0">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="27C57629D1C80E0A579B0F9C7BE791AF" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3796.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="18098786FFF89618EDC1750CE4242811" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5674283" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119427252" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5674283" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:18098786FFF89618EDC1750CE4242811" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/18098786FFF89618EDC1750CE4242811" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="422" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
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<subSubSection id="D8BA651BFFF89604EDC1750CE5232A7A" box="[151,561,356,382]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="901F3690FFF89604EDC1750CE5232A7A" blockId="9.[151,561,356,382]" box="[151,561,356,382]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
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<heading id="CB5781FCFFF89604EDC1750CE5232A7A" bold="true" box="[151,561,356,382]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFF89604EDC1750CE5232A7A" bold="true" box="[151,561,356,382]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
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<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFF89604EDC1750CE6C22A79" ID-CoL="6NJSY" box="[151,464,356,381]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptophonus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFF89604EDC1750CE6C22A79" bold="true" box="[151,464,356,381]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Kalophrynus cryptophonus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFF89604EC81750DE5232A7A" box="[471,561,357,382]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
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</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8BA651BFFF89604EDC175C5E41C299A" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="901F3690FFF89604EDC175C5E64C290A" blockId="9.[151,1437,429,2002]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
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<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFF89604EDC175C5E6192AC2" bold="true" box="[151,267,429,454]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
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<typeStatus id="4F1B8832FFF89604EDC175C5E6142AC2" box="[151,262,429,454]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6B1AE55FFF89604EC4275C6E6792AC1" box="[276,363,430,453]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k3qp-615s" name="Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State University" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">ZMMU</collectionCode>
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||
<collectionCode id="F6B1AE55FFF89604EC2575C6E6822AC2" box="[371,400,430,454]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">A-</collectionCode>
|
||
4944 (field number ABV-00222), adult male from Loc Bao, Lam Dong Province,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8B77600FFF89604E86B75C5E28E2AC2" box="[1341,1436,429,454]" name="Vietnam" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
(coordinates
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F5945057FFF89604EC7F75B9E6AF2AED" box="[297,445,465,489]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" precision="15" value="11.738056">11°44' 17" N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F5945057FFF89604EC9F75B9E5632AED" box="[457,625,465,490]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" precision="15" value="107.70694">107° 42' 25" E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, elevation
|
||
<specimenCount id="86A6FD19FFF89604EFBD75B9E4282AED" box="[747,826,465,489]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="generic">
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<quantity id="57589B75FFF89604EFBD75B9E4242AED" box="[747,822,465,489]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
a.s.l.), collected by E.A. Galoyan and A.B. Vassilieva on
|
||
<date id="E41E1050FFF89604EDEC759EE649290A" box="[186,347,501,526]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" value="2013-04-22">22 April 2013</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFF89604ED917671E41C299A" blockId="9.[151,1437,429,2002]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
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<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFF89604ED917671E6542936" bold="true" box="[199,326,537,562]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F1B8832FFF89604ED917671E6532936" box="[199,321,537,562]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6B1AE55FFF89604EC187672E6B72935" box="[334,421,538,561]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k3qp-615s" name="Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State University" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">ZMMU</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6B1AE55FFF89604ECFB7671E6D92936" box="[429,459,537,562]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">A-</collectionCode>
|
||
4858, one adult female (individual field number ABV-00136) collected on 12 of
|
||
<date id="E41E1050FFF89604E8377671E7C02952" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" value="2013-04">April 2013</date>
|
||
, and three adult males (individual field numbers ABV-00224, ABV-00225, ABV-00226) collected on
|
||
<date id="E41E1050FFF89604E8D67656E601297E" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" value="2013-04-22">
|
||
22 April
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFF89604ED8D760AE601297E" box="[219,275,610,634]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.11302" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" unit="in" value="2013.0">2013</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
in the same area as
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F1B8832FFF89604ECA87609E576297E" box="[510,612,609,634]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6B1AE55FFF89604EF26760AE5D5297D" box="[624,711,610,633]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k3qp-615s" name="Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State University" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">ZMMU</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6B1AE55FFF89604EF867609E5FC297E" box="[720,750,609,634]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">A-</collectionCode>
|
||
4859, one adult male (individual field number ABV-00223), collected on
|
||
<date id="E41E1050FFF89604EC7076EEE6D1299A" box="[294,451,645,670]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" value="2013-04-22">
|
||
22 April
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFF89604ECDD76EEE6D1299A" box="[395,451,646,670]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.11302" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" unit="in" value="2013.0">2013</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
in the same area as
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F1B8832FFF89604EFF376EDE419299A" box="[677,779,645,670]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8BA651BFFF89604ED9176C1E5932F2E" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFF89604ED9176C1E5932F2E" blockId="9.[151,1437,429,2002]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFF89604ED9176C1E65329C6" bold="true" box="[199,321,681,706]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is allocated to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFF89604EFD476C1E40129C6" box="[642,787,681,706]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFF89604EFD476C1E40129C6" box="[642,787,681,706]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Kalophrynus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the following characters considered diagnostic for the genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4314B61FFF89604EC1776A5E6C329E2" author="Parker" box="[321,465,717,742]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" refString="Parker, H. W. (1934) A monograph of the frogs of the family Microhylidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, viii + 208 pp." type="book" year="1934">Parker 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4314B61FFF89604ECB676A6E56E29E2" author="Bourret" box="[480,636,718,742]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" refString="Bourret, R. (1942) Les batraciens de l'Indochine. Hanoi (Institut Oceanographique de l'Indochine), pp. x + 547, 4 pls." type="journal article" year="1942">Bourret 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4314B61FFF89604EFDC76A6E41E29E2" author="Inger" box="[650,780,717,742]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" refString="Inger, R. F. (1966) The systematics and zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo. Fieldiana: Zoology, 52, 1 - 402." type="journal article" year="1966">Inger 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): one or more transverse dermal ridges across the palate anteriorly to the oesophagus; tips of digits not dilated to disks; no spine-like projections at heel or elbow; snout short, pointed; tympanum visible; pupil horizontal; inner metatarsal tubercle low, not shovel-like; skin thick and glandular. The new species is distinguishable from its congeners by a combination of the following features: (1) small size, SVL
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFF89604EC0C7736E5122871" box="[346,512,862,886]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.915" metricValueMax="3.04" metricValueMin="2.79" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" unit="mm" value="29.15" valueMax="30.4" valueMin="27.9">27.9–30.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males,
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFF89604EF2B7736E5F62871" box="[637,740,862,886]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.34" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" unit="mm" value="23.4">23.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in female; (2) snout pointed, slightly sloping in profile; (3) canthus rostralis indistinct; (4) males with large sharp conical spines on the skin covering the jaws; (5) males with finely asperous nuptial pads on the dorsal surface of the fingers I–III; (6) tympanum distinct, smaller than eye in diameter; (7) toe webbing moderate; (8) outer metatarsal tubercle present; (9) light dorsolateral line absent; (10) dark ocellus in the inguinal region usually present, small, without light bordering; (11) anterior palatal dermal ridge short, restricted to medial part of the palate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8BA651BFFF89619ED91705DE4402AF0" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="421" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFF89604ED91705DE61F2F76" blockId="9.[151,1437,429,2002]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFF89604ED91705DE6F52F4A" bold="true" box="[199,487,1077,1102]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F1B8832FFF89604EC2F705DE6F02F4A" box="[377,482,1077,1102]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089B2A15FFF89604EF2B705DE5AD2F4A" box="[637,703,1077,1102]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[173,1408,193,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[173,1409,193,1925]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype of Kalophrynus cryptophonus sp. nov. (ZMMU A- 4944) in preservative: (A) dorsal view, (B) ventral view (C) head, lateral view, (D) head, dorsolateral view, with clearly visible skin spines on the jaws; (E) paratypes of Kalophrynus cryptophonus sp. nov. in preservative. Scale bar 3 mm. Photo by V. Trounov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251260/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
AB) with well-developed oblong testes; measurements are given in Table 4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFF89604ED917015E3082D26" blockId="9.[151,1437,429,2002]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
Habitus stout, with body widest in lumbar area. Head relatively short (HL/SVL 0.31), slightly wider than long (HL/HW 0.88), triangular. Snout pointed, short (SL/HL 0.36), sloping in profile (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089B2A15FFF89604E97070C9E3752FBE" box="[1062,1127,1185,1210]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[173,1408,193,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[173,1409,193,1925]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype of Kalophrynus cryptophonus sp. nov. (ZMMU A- 4944) in preservative: (A) dorsal view, (B) ventral view (C) head, lateral view, (D) head, dorsolateral view, with clearly visible skin spines on the jaws; (E) paratypes of Kalophrynus cryptophonus sp. nov. in preservative. Scale bar 3 mm. Photo by V. Trounov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251260/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C) and distinctly projecting beyond lower jaw; canthus rostralis indistinct, smooth; nostrils rounded, situated closer to snout tip than to eye (SND/
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8B77600FFF89604ED897082E6082E06" box="[223,282,1258,1282]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">END</collectingCountry>
|
||
0.65) and oriented rostrolaterally. Eyes bulging, medium-sized (ED/SVL 0.11), lateral, well visible from below, with oval horizontal pupil; upper eyelid with fine tubercles on margin, UEW/IOD 0.45. Tympanum very close to eye, smaller than eye (TD/ED 0.69, TD/SVL 0.08), roughly round, distinct, bordered from above by sharply prominent supratympanic fold running from posterior corner of eye along upper edge of tympanum and then down to the point of forelimb insertion. Maxillary and vomerine teeth absent; tongue with even rounded edge posteriorly; transversal crenulated dermal ridge on palate posterior to eyes level, short low dermal fold anterior to it, restricted to medial part of palate; postchoanal dermal ridges distinct. Small notch in the rostral part of skin covering of upper jaw and small prominence on the rostral part of lower jaw, fitting together. Single subgular vocal sac; wide slit-like vocal openings between jaw articulation and tongue insertion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFF89604ED917246E5F82DFE" blockId="9.[151,1437,429,2002]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
Numerous tubercles with wide base and sharp, conical, semitransparent apical spine being clearly distinct on skin covering maxilla and mandible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089B2A15FFF89604EF6F7239E56E2D6E" box="[569,636,1617,1642]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[173,1408,193,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[173,1409,193,1925]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype of Kalophrynus cryptophonus sp. nov. (ZMMU A- 4944) in preservative: (A) dorsal view, (B) ventral view (C) head, lateral view, (D) head, dorsolateral view, with clearly visible skin spines on the jaws; (E) paratypes of Kalophrynus cryptophonus sp. nov. in preservative. Scale bar 3 mm. Photo by V. Trounov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251260/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Spines on mandible largest, bordering the lower jaw in one to three rows, from rostral end to mouth corner and spreading on the area below and behind tympanum; on upper jaw spines smaller and occupying the entire area below snout tip, nostrils and eyes. Several tiny, hardly distinct similar spines present on each tympanum. Small scattered spines spread on axillar area, on anterior forelimb surface and on breast between forelimbs, but not on gular region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFF89604ED91736DE2522C8E" blockId="9.[151,1437,429,2002]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
Forelimbs slender, more than half of body length (FLL/SVL 0.71); hands with rudimental webbing. Tips of fingers rounded, without dilatation. Relative length of fingers I<IV<II<III; palmar tubercle moderately large, prominent, oval in shape; subarticular tubercles prominent, rounded; one on each fingers I, II and IV and two on finger III; smaller additional metacarpal tubercles between palmar tubercle and each finger base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089B2A15FFF89604E98F7319E20E2C8E" box="[1241,1308,1905,1930]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1498,1520]" captionTargetBox="[170,1413,176,1467]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[170,1414,155,1469]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of Kalophrynus cryptophonus sp. nov. (ZMMU A- 4944) in preservative: (A) palmar view of the right hand, (B) plantar view of the right foot, (C) nuptial pads on fingers I – III. Scale bar 3 mm. Photo by V. Trounov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251261/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFF89604ED9173FDE5F72CD6" blockId="9.[151,1437,429,2002]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
Nuptial pads on dorsal hand well-defined, finely asperous, thickened areas of skin covering fingers I–III from base to proximal end of terminal phalange (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089B2A15FFF89604EF2973D1E5D12CD6" box="[639,707,1977,2002]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1498,1520]" captionTargetBox="[170,1413,176,1467]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[170,1414,155,1469]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of Kalophrynus cryptophonus sp. nov. (ZMMU A- 4944) in preservative: (A) palmar view of the right hand, (B) plantar view of the right foot, (C) nuptial pads on fingers I – III. Scale bar 3 mm. Photo by V. Trounov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251261/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C4DF6618FFFD9601EDC173C8E33F2CF7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251260/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" targetBox="[173,1408,193,1924]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFFD9601EDC173C8E33F2CF7" blockId="12.[151,1435,1952,2035]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFFD9601EDC173C8E61C2CB2" bold="true" box="[151,270,1952,1974]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
|
||
. Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFFD9601ECF673C8E5A72CB2" box="[416,693,1952,1974]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptophonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFFD9601ECF673C8E5A72CB2" box="[416,693,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Kalophrynus cryptophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFFD9601EFEB73C8E4022CB2" box="[701,784,1952,1974]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFFD9601EFEB73C8E4022CB2" bold="true" box="[701,784,1952,1974]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(ZMMU A-4944) in preservative: (A) dorsal view, (B) ventral view (C) head, lateral view, (D) head, dorsolateral view, with clearly visible skin spines on the jaws; (E) paratypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFFD9601EDC173B5E6B82CF7" box="[151,426,2013,2035]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptophonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFFD9601EDC173B5E6B82CF7" box="[151,426,2013,2035]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Kalophrynus cryptophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFFD9601ECE673B5E5122CF7" bold="true" box="[432,512,2013,2035]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFFD9601ECE673B5E5122CF7" box="[432,512,2013,2035]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in preservative. Scale bar 3 mm. Photo by V. Trounov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C4DF6618FFFC9600EDC171B2E2132D0A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251261/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" targetBox="[170,1413,176,1467]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFFC9600EDC171B2E2132D0A" blockId="13.[151,1436,1498,1550]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFFC9600EDC171B2E61C2EF4" bold="true" box="[151,270,1498,1520]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
|
||
. Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFFC9600ECF671B2E5A72EF4" box="[416,693,1498,1520]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptophonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFFC9600ECF671B2E5A72EF4" box="[416,693,1498,1520]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Kalophrynus cryptophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFFC9600EFEB71B2E4022EF4" box="[701,784,1498,1520]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFFC9600EFEB71B2E4022EF4" bold="true" box="[701,784,1498,1520]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(ZMMU A-4944) in preservative: (A) palmar view of the right hand, (B) plantar view of the right foot, (C) nuptial pads on fingers I–III. Scale bar 3 mm. Photo by V. Trounov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFFC9600ED917253E4F42C28" blockId="13.[151,1437,1595,2016]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8B77600FFFC9600ED917253E7ED2D50" box="[199,255,1595,1620]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
limbs slender, relatively short (HLL/SVL 1.36); when legs adpressed to body laterally, heel reaches interval between eye and tympanum. Tibia slightly shorter than thigh (TFL/ThL 0.96) and significantly shorter than tarsus+foot (TFL/TarFL 0.66). Toe tips rounded, without dilatation; relative length of toes I<II<V<III<IV; foot webbing formula
|
||
<date id="E41E1050FFFC9600EC0972CFE6882DC4" box="[351,410,1703,1728]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFFC9600EC0972CFE6782DC4" bold="true" box="[351,362,1703,1728]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">I</emphasis>
|
||
1–2
|
||
</date>
|
||
½
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFFC9600ECEE72CFE6DC2DC4" bold="true" box="[440,462,1703,1728]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">II</emphasis>
|
||
½–2½
|
||
<date id="E41E1050FFFC9600EF7572CFE5442DC4" box="[547,598,1703,1728]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFFC9600EF7572CFE5562DC4" bold="true" box="[547,580,1703,1728]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">III</emphasis>
|
||
1
|
||
</date>
|
||
½ –3½
|
||
<date id="E41E1050FFFC9600EFF972CFE5F02DC4" box="[687,738,1703,1728]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFFC9600EFF972CFE5DC2DC4" bold="true" box="[687,718,1703,1728]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">IV</emphasis>
|
||
3
|
||
</date>
|
||
¾–1½
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFFC9600EE6772CFE4512DC4" bold="true" box="[817,835,1703,1728]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">V</emphasis>
|
||
; subarticular tubercles moderately prominent on toes I–IV, oval in shape; one on each toe I and II, two on toe III and three on toe IV; distal subarticular tubercle on toe V distinct, proximal one less conspicuous, rudimentary; inner metatarsal tubercle prominent, oval; outer metatarsal tubercle smaller than inner one (OMTL/IMTL 0.8), low, rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089B2A15FFFC9600EED6737BE4D62C28" box="[896,964,1811,1836]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1498,1520]" captionTargetBox="[170,1413,176,1467]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[170,1414,155,1469]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of Kalophrynus cryptophonus sp. nov. (ZMMU A- 4944) in preservative: (A) palmar view of the right hand, (B) plantar view of the right foot, (C) nuptial pads on fingers I – III. Scale bar 3 mm. Photo by V. Trounov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251261/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFFC9600ED91735FE5182CE4" blockId="13.[151,1437,1595,2016]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Skin on dorsum finely shagreened from interorbital level to vent, with singular small tubercles topped with tiny apical spine; smooth on the snout; roughly granular on belly, lower flanks, thighs undersides and in cloacal region, smooth on gular area, inner leg surfaces and forelimbs except for scarce, tiny spines in outer and axillar surfaces. Two pairs of whitish glandular tubercles on the pectoral region, each with tiny sharp spines on apex. Dorsolateral boundary sharp, finely glandular.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C4DF6618FFFF9603EDC173EFE3162CDF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251262/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" targetBox="[195,1384,193,1900]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFFF9603EDC173EFE3162CDF" blockId="14.[151,1436,1927,2011]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFFF9603EDC173EFE6142C99" bold="true" box="[151,262,1927,1949]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">FIGURE5</emphasis>
|
||
. Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFFF9603ECC273EFE5B52C99" box="[404,679,1927,1949]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptophonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFFF9603ECC273EFE5B52C99" box="[404,679,1927,1949]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Kalophrynus cryptophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFFF9603EFFB73EFE5EC2C99" box="[685,766,1927,1949]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFFF9603EFFB73EFE5EC2C99" bold="true" box="[685,766,1927,1949]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(ZMMU A-4944) in life: (A) dorsolateral view, (B) ventral view; female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFFF9603EDB473CEE6E72CB8" box="[226,501,1958,1980]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptophonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFFF9603EDB473CEE6E72CB8" box="[226,501,1958,1980]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Kalophrynus cryptophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFFF9603ECAC73CEE5582CB8" box="[506,586,1958,1980]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFFF9603ECAC73CEE5582CB8" bold="true" box="[506,586,1958,1980]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(paratype ZMMU A-4858) in life: (C) dorsolateral view, (D) ventral view; (E) male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFFF9603EDC173ADE6B82CDF" box="[151,426,1989,2011]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptophonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFFF9603EDC173ADE6B82CDF" box="[151,426,1989,2011]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Kalophrynus cryptophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFFF9603ECE673ADE5122CDF" box="[432,512,1989,2011]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFFF9603ECE673ADE5122CDF" bold="true" box="[432,512,1989,2011]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFFF9603EF5173AEE5542CDF" box="[519,582,1990,2011]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
, inside bamboo stem. Photo by E. Galoyan.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C4DF6618FFFE9602EDC1734AE3DC2C53" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251263/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1804]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFFE9602EDC1734AE3DC2C53" blockId="15.[151,1436,1826,1879]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFFE9602EDC1734AE6062C3C" bold="true" box="[151,276,1826,1848]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Natural habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFFE9602EC8C734AE5FD2C3C" box="[474,751,1826,1848]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptophonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFFE9602EC8C734AE5FD2C3C" box="[474,751,1826,1848]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Kalophrynus cryptophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFFE9602EFA1734AE45B2C3C" box="[759,841,1826,1848]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFFE9602EFA1734AE45B2C3C" bold="true" box="[759,841,1826,1848]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in Loc Bao woodland, Lam Dong Province: (A) bamboo (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFFE9602EDC97329E6392C53" box="[159,299,1857,1879]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phyllostachys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFFE9602EDC97329E6392C53" box="[159,299,1857,1879]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Phyllostachys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.) tangles, and (B) decaying bamboo stems as typical breeding site. Photo by E. Galoyan.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFFE961DED9173EBE4B42AD4" blockId="15.[151,1437,1923,2020]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="417" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFFE9602ED9173EBE65D2C98" bold="true" box="[199,335,1923,1948]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Coloration.</emphasis>
|
||
In life,(
|
||
<figureCitation id="089B2A15FFFE9602ECE773EBE6E72C98" box="[433,501,1923,1948]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1927,1949]" captionTargetBox="[195,1384,193,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[195,1385,193,1901]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Holotype of Kalophrynus cryptophonus sp. nov. (ZMMU A- 4944) in life: (A) dorsolateral view, (B) ventral view; female Kalophrynus cryptophonus sp. nov. (paratype ZMMU A- 4858) in life: (C) dorsolateral view, (D) ventral view; (E) male Kalophrynus cryptophonus sp. nov. in situ, inside bamboo stem. Photo by E. Galoyan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251262/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
AB) ground coloration on upper head, trunk and limb surfaces variable, ranging from chocolate-brown at night to pinkish-beige during the day time. Sharp edge of dorsal coloration extending from snout tip through upper eyelid to groin contrasted by darker, pinkish-brown flanks and head sides. Diffuse pinkish-gray pattern in the shape of inverted “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8B77600FFE1961DEFF874F0E5D72BB4" box="[686,709,152,176]" name="Italy" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Y</collectingCountry>
|
||
” on the dorsum lasting from interorbital area towards inguinal region and edged with light-beige color. "
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8B77600FFE1961DEFD274D4E58B2BD1" box="[644,665,188,213]" name="Italy" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Y</collectingCountry>
|
||
"-shaped pattern followed laterally by three less distinct, parallel, intervening stripes forming somewhat reticulate pattern. Pale rounded spot visible on parietal area, similar diffuse spots scattered on dorsum. Three faint brownish crossbands on thigh and shin; brown marmorate pattern on elbow and knee, on foot underside and on anterior surface of lower forearm and hand. Cloacal region brownish, separated from dorsal surface by thin pale edging line. Inguinal ocelli represented by small (smaller than tympanum, ISD/TD 0.77) rounded black spot in each inguinal area, without light edges; three asymmetric small dark dots on left side of back. Venter pale, yellowish-pink, unpatterned except for gular, chest and upper belly areas displaying diffuse brownish-gray spotting; palmar and plantar surfaces pink. Iris golden.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFE1961DED9175B5E50E291C" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">In preservative coloration fades to gray on dorsum and flanks and yellowish-gray on venter; other features remain without significant change.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFE1961DED91764CE7C128E8" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE1961DED91764CE6292939" bold="true" box="[199,315,548,573]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Individuals of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F1B8832FFE1961DEF4F764DE55B2939" box="[537,585,549,573]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series are similar in morphology, body size and proportions (Table 4;
|
||
<figureCitation id="089B2A15FFE1961DE826764CE7B62964" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[173,1408,193,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[173,1409,193,1925]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype of Kalophrynus cryptophonus sp. nov. (ZMMU A- 4944) in preservative: (A) dorsal view, (B) ventral view (C) head, lateral view, (D) head, dorsolateral view, with clearly visible skin spines on the jaws; (E) paratypes of Kalophrynus cryptophonus sp. nov. in preservative. Scale bar 3 mm. Photo by V. Trounov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251260/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E), except for the female that is smaller in size and lacks the spines and the asperous patches on the hand. The spines in males vary slightly in abundance and size; in all individuals they are the largest on mandible margins, especially in the subtympanal area, and may be less conspicuous on the upper jaw. Nuptial pads on fingers I–III are similar in all males. Variations in the coloration include the inverted “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8B77600FFE1961DEEE476DCE4DB29C8" box="[946,969,692,716]" name="Italy" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Y</collectingCountry>
|
||
” or hourglass-shaped pattern on dorsum, which may be almost indistinct; three
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F1B8832FFE1961DEF1576B0E5BD29F4" box="[579,687,728,752]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
have a uniform stellar, slightly paler pattern on back. The inguinal ocelli vary in size, but are always smaller in diameter than tympanum (ISD/TD 0.77±0.05); in the female this spot is present only on the left side of body. Supernumerary asymmetric small dark spots may occur in the inguinal area, on back and on upper thigh and shin surface. The female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089B2A15FFE1961DEE4C772CE4492859" box="[794,859,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1927,1949]" captionTargetBox="[195,1384,193,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[195,1385,193,1901]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Holotype of Kalophrynus cryptophonus sp. nov. (ZMMU A- 4944) in life: (A) dorsolateral view, (B) ventral view; female Kalophrynus cryptophonus sp. nov. (paratype ZMMU A- 4858) in life: (C) dorsolateral view, (D) ventral view; (E) male Kalophrynus cryptophonus sp. nov. in situ, inside bamboo stem. Photo by E. Galoyan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251262/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
CD) additionally differs in undersides coloration by having a more pronounced dark marbling or spotting on the upper belly and lower part of flanks, and by having a light medial band on the gular surface bordered with diffuse brown blotches. The ovaries of the female contain relatively small quantity (50–60 per ovary) of developing unpigmented eggs variable in size (diameter
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE1961DE81E77D8E7DA28E8" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFE1961DED91779FE4902E50" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE1961DED91779FE69B2F14" bold="true" box="[199,393,1015,1040]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
All specimens were collected at night time on the limited parcel of secondary, disturbed mountain high polydominant evergreen tropical forest with the abundance of bamboo
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE1961DE9357074E3ED2F31" box="[1123,1279,1052,1077]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phyllostachys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE1961DE9357074E3ED2F31" box="[1123,1279,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Phyllostachys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE1961DE8637074E2872F30" box="[1333,1429,1052,1076]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089B2A15FFE1961DEDC97057E7FC2F5C" box="[159,238,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1826,1848]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1805]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Natural habitat of Kalophrynus cryptophonus sp. nov. in Loc Bao woodland, Lam Dong Province: (A) bamboo (Phyllostachys sp.) tangles, and (B) decaying bamboo stems as typical breeding site. Photo by E. Galoyan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251263/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
), where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE1961DEC357057E58F2F5C" box="[355,669,1087,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptophonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE1961DEC357057E58F2F5C" box="[355,669,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Kalophrynus cryptophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFE1961DEFF97057E4012F5C" box="[687,787,1087,1112]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE1961DEFF97057E4012F5C" bold="true" box="[687,787,1087,1112]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
occurs syntopically with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE1961DE90A7057E3D82F5C" box="[1116,1226,1087,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Kurixalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE1961DE90A7057E3D82F5C" box="[1116,1226,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Kurixalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE1961DE8427057E3262F79" authority="Orlov, Poyarkov, Vassilieva, Ananjeva, Nguyen, Sang & Geissler" authorityName="Orlov, Poyarkov, Vassilieva, Ananjeva, Nguyen, Sang & Geissler" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Theloderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bambusicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE1961DE8427057E6342F79" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Theloderma bambusicola</emphasis>
|
||
Orlov, Poyarkov, Vassilieva, Ananjeva, Nguyen, Sang & Geissler
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE1961DE915700CE28A2F79" authority="Boulenger" authorityName="Boulenger" box="[1091,1432,1124,1149]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Microhyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fissipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE1961DE915700CE2042F78" box="[1091,1302,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Microhyla fissipes</emphasis>
|
||
Boulenger
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE1961DEDC170E1E6EA2FA4" authority="Sclater" authorityName="Sclater" box="[151,504,1159,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="limborgi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE1961DEDC170E1E69E2FA4" box="[151,396,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Limnonectes limborgi</emphasis>
|
||
(Sclater)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE1961DEF6070EFE4AF2FA4" authority="Gunther" authorityName="Gunther" box="[566,957,1159,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Ingerophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galeatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE1961DEF6070EFE4502FA4" box="[566,834,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Ingerophrynus galeatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Günther)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The female was found on the ground; all males were collected while calling from inside dead bamboo stems with diameters of about
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE1961DE9FB70C4E2352FC0" box="[1197,1319,1196,1220]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="30.0">30–40 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="089B2A15FFE1961DE86170C4E2692FC1" box="[1335,1403,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1927,1949]" captionTargetBox="[195,1384,193,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[195,1385,193,1901]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Holotype of Kalophrynus cryptophonus sp. nov. (ZMMU A- 4944) in life: (A) dorsolateral view, (B) ventral view; female Kalophrynus cryptophonus sp. nov. (paratype ZMMU A- 4858) in life: (C) dorsolateral view, (D) ventral view; (E) male Kalophrynus cryptophonus sp. nov. in situ, inside bamboo stem. Photo by E. Galoyan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251262/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
E), sometimes as close to each other as
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE1961DEF7A70A7E5962FEC" box="[556,644,1231,1256]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" unit="m" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 m</quantity>
|
||
; up to four males were heard simultaneously from one point. Tadpoles were collected on
|
||
<date id="E41E1050FFE1961DEC3E709CE51A2E08" box="[360,520,1268,1293]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" value="2013-04-22">
|
||
22 April
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE1961DEC86709CE51A2E08" box="[464,520,1268,1292]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.11302" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" unit="in" value="2013.0">2013</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
in a decaying bamboo stem with diameter about
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE1961DE96B709CE3832E08" box="[1085,1169,1268,1293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
|
||
. In total, 11 early-stage larvae (Gosner Stage 25) were recorded in one partly perforated internode, containing 70–80 ml of rainwater. A calling male was found in the adjacent internode of the same stem.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFE1961DED917137E49D2D29" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE1961DED917137E6D72E7C" bold="true" box="[199,453,1375,1400]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Tadpole description.</emphasis>
|
||
Tadpoles were allocated to the species based on the following evidence: (1) morphological features characteristic for microhylid larvae in general and other phytotelm breeding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE1961DE85D71ECE28E2E99" box="[1291,1436,1412,1437]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE1961DE85D71ECE28E2E99" box="[1291,1436,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Kalophrynus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in particular (see Discussion); (2) specific site of collection (water-filled decaying bamboo internode) which was close to calling male found in the same bamboo stem; (3) all other phytotelm breeding frogs known from the region (members of the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE1961DEFCF7187E4322D0C" box="[665,800,1519,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Theloderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE1961DEFCF7187E4322D0C" box="[665,800,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Theloderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE1961DEE3E7187E4EF2D0C" box="[872,1021,1519,1544]" class="Diplopoda" family="Chelodesmidae" genus="Rhacophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE1961DEE3E7187E4EF2D0C" box="[872,1021,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Rhacophorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE1961DE9427187E3D22D0C" box="[1044,1216,1519,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rhacophoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) differ in tadpole morphology and cannot be mistaken with larvae of the new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFE1961DED91725FE6A22D9C" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Standard tadpoles measurements (mean±SD, n=4, Stage 25): TL 9.14±0.77; BL 2.50±0.05; BW 1.47±0.03; SVL 3.02±0.16; SSp 1.89±0.15; IOD1.05±0.03; SED 0.98±0.03; ED= 0.16±0.01; ODW= 0.94±0.06; TaL= 6.6±0.72; TH= 0.89±0.1.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFE1961CED9172CDE52B2BFC" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="418" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
|
||
In dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089B2A15FFE1961DECDB72CCE6C42DB8" box="[397,470,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1255,1277]" captionTargetBox="[205,1365,521,1176]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,409,1234]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. External morphology of Kalophrynus cryptophonus sp. nov. tadpole (Gosner Stage 25): (A) dorsal view, (B) lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251264/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A), body oval or slightly pyriform, with maximum width at eye level (BW/BL 0.59±0.01); snout long (SED/BL 0.39±0.01), broad, blunt. In lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089B2A15FFE1961DE91D72AFE3882DE4" box="[1099,1178,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1255,1277]" captionTargetBox="[205,1365,521,1176]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,409,1234]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. External morphology of Kalophrynus cryptophonus sp. nov. tadpole (Gosner Stage 25): (A) dorsal view, (B) lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251264/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
B), body compressed dorsoventrally (BH/BW 0.66±0.05), especially anteriorly, flattened above and convex below. Tail long (TaL/ BL2.70±0.25), lanceolate; almost equal in height along its length; tail tip bluntly acuminate, without terminal filament; muscular part moderately developed; at vent level, tail muscular portion about three times higher than lower fin. Upper fin originating slightly behind body-tail junction, much shorter than the lower fin proximally and nearly equal in height to it distally. Eyes dorsolateral, not visible from below, small (ED/BL 0.06±0.002), pupils oriented dorsolaterally. Nostrils not opened at the stages under description. Spiracle ventral, medial, with short free flap, opening at 0.80±0.06 of distance from snout tip to body end. Vent tube medial, long, directed obliquely backward, with opening at ventral edge of lower fin. Lateral line system not visible. Mouth terminal, oral disk wide (ODW/BW 0.64±0.05), without keratinized elements and obvious papillae. Upper labium widely arched, slightly overhanging Ω-shaped lower labium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFE0961CED91756CE4B42A61" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Live tadpoles appeared almost unpigmented, whitish, with darker gut and reddish gills clearly visible through translucent skin. In preservative, scattered melanophores visible on the dorsal surface of body and tail. Belly and tail fins totally transparent. Eyes black. Gut forming three wide loops.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C4DF6618FFE0961CEDC1708FE7DC2E18" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251264/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" targetBox="[205,1365,521,1176]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFE0961CEDC1708FE7DC2E18" blockId="17.[151,1435,1255,1308]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE0961CEDC1708FE6142FF9" bold="true" box="[151,262,1255,1277]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">FIGURE7</emphasis>
|
||
. External morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE0961CEF5C708FE40F2FF9" box="[522,797,1255,1277]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptophonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE0961CEF5C708FE40F2FF9" box="[522,797,1255,1277]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Kalophrynus cryptophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFE0961CEE74708FE4602FF9" box="[802,882,1255,1277]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE0961CEE74708FE4602FF9" bold="true" box="[802,882,1255,1277]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
tadpole (Gosner Stage 25): (A) dorsal view, (B) lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFE0961CED91712BE4472E7B" blockId="17.[151,1436,1347,2020]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE0961CED91712BE6A92E58" bold="true" box="[199,443,1347,1372]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Call characteristics.</emphasis>
|
||
The advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE0961CEE52712BE3282E58" box="[772,1082,1347,1372]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptophonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE0961CEE52712BE3282E58" box="[772,1082,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Kalophrynus cryptophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFE0961CE91E712BE3B52E58" box="[1096,1191,1347,1372]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE0961CE91E712BE3B52E58" bold="true" box="[1096,1191,1347,1372]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
recorded at 25ºC is represented by rhythmic, non-modulated, tonal calls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089B2A15FFE0961CEFB8710FE4222E7B" box="[750,816,1383,1408]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox="[243,1341,693,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[221,1365,661,1946]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Oscillogram (top) and sonogram (bottom) of the male advertisement calls of (A) Kalophrynus cryptophonus sp. nov. (ZMMU A- 4859), recorded at 25 ºC, and (B) Kalophrynus interlineatus (not collected), recorded at 24 ºC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251265/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFE0961CED9171E3E65A2C08" blockId="17.[151,1436,1347,2020]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">
|
||
Call duration varied from 42 to 114 ms (79±13ms, n=105). The interval between successive calls in one individual varied from 5.91 to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F5945057FFE0961CEF5071C7E5572ECC" box="[518,581,1455,1480]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" precision="555" value="-25.57">25.57</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s (11.76±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F5945057FFE0961CEFEA71C7E4142EC3" box="[700,774,1455,1480]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" precision="555" value="-6.57">6.57 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, n=10). In two individuals calling simultaneously at the distance
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE0961CEDAF71BBE6362EEF" box="[249,292,1491,1516]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
|
||
apart from each other the interval between calls uttered by different males varied from 0.009 to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F5945057FFE0961CE80F71BCE2982EE8" box="[1369,1418,1492,1516]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" precision="555" value="-2.37">2.37</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s (1.06±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F5945057FFE0961CED88719FE63B2D0B" box="[222,297,1527,1552]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" precision="555" value="-0.56">0.56 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, n=31). The call repetition rate in individuals (n=11) varied from 0.016 to 0.42 calls per second (0.13±0.12, n=105 calls). The call repetition rate in choruses (n=3) consisting of 4–5 individuals varied from 0.21 to 0.74 calls per seconds (0.44±0.27). The initial (1020±100 Hz) and final fundamental frequency in a single call (920±130 Hz) were almost equal (n=38). Two lower harmonics were distinguishable on the majority of call spectrograms. The maximum amplitude frequency in individual calls (1100±370 Hz, n=38) coincided with the fundamental frequency. The entire call was pulsed, with2–5 pulses (3.270.69, n=52) per call and a mean pulse period of 24±0.3 ms. In all calls recorded the pulse rate varied from 30.3 to 55.6 pulses per second (42.51±6.29 pulses/s, n=52).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFE0961CED91737FE28E2CE0" blockId="17.[151,1436,1347,2020]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE0961CED91737FE6732C34" bold="true" box="[199,353,1815,1840]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Comparison.</emphasis>
|
||
In southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8B77600FFE0961CEF59737FE5632C34" box="[527,625,1815,1840]" name="Vietnam" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE0961CEFD0737FE4D22C34" box="[646,960,1815,1840]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptophonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE0961CEFD0737FE4D22C34" box="[646,960,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Kalophrynus cryptophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFE0961CEE85737FE3252C34" box="[979,1079,1815,1840]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE0961CEE85737FE3252C34" bold="true" box="[979,1079,1815,1840]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
co-occurs with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE0961CE85D737FE6362C50" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE0961CE85D737FE6362C50" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Kalophrynus interlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which inhabits diverse kinds of forested biotopes at elevations up to
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE0961CE9377354E3BE2C57" box="[1121,1196,1852,1876]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. The latter was reliably recorded from the same province and district as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE0961CEE587337E32F2C7C" box="[782,1085,1887,1912]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptophonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE0961CEE587337E32F2C7C" box="[782,1085,1887,1912]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Kalophrynus cryptophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE0961CE9137337E3B42C7C" bold="true" box="[1093,1190,1887,1912]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFE0961CE9137337E3B22C7C" box="[1093,1184,1887,1912]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and both species may potentially occur syntopically with each other. From southern Vietnamese
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE0961CEE8B73ECE39E2C98" box="[989,1164,1923,1948]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE0961CEE8B73ECE39E2C98" box="[989,1164,1923,1948]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">K. interlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the new species differs morphologically by the following features: a smaller size (SVL
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE0961CEE3073CFE31A2CBB" box="[870,1032,1959,1983]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.69" metricValueMax="3.04" metricValueMin="2.34" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" unit="mm" value="26.9" valueMax="30.4" valueMin="23.4">23.4–30.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE0961CE96173CFE3CC2CBB" box="[1079,1246,1959,1984]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" metricValueMax="4.54" metricValueMin="3.86" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" unit="mm" value="42.0" valueMax="45.4" valueMin="38.6">38.6–45.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
); the presence of skin spines on head and nuptial pads on fingers in males (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE0961CEEC473A4E3522CE0" box="[914,1088,1995,2020]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE0961CEEC473A4E3522CE0" box="[914,1088,1995,2020]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">K. interlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); smooth canthus rostralis (vs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFE3961FEDC174FFE6E72964" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,608]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
|
||
sharp in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE3961FEDAF74F1E6BA2BB4" box="[249,424,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FEDAF74F1E6BA2BB4" box="[249,424,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">K. interlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); skin on gular area smooth (roughly tuberculated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE3961FE95174F1E3A42BB4" box="[1031,1206,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FE95174F1E3A42BB4" box="[1031,1206,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">K. interlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); longer legs (HLL/ SVL 1.35±0.05 vs. 1.16±
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE3961FECEB74D4E5032BD1" box="[445,529,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" unit="in" value="0.07">0.07 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE3961FEF4D74D5E5DF2BD1" box="[539,717,188,213]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FEF4D74D5E5DF2BD1" box="[539,717,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">K. interlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), in adpressed leg heel reaching tympanum (vs. not reaching tympanum in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE3961FEC6C7489E6F92BFC" box="[314,491,223,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FEC6C7489E6F92BFC" box="[314,491,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">K. interlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); the presence of rudimental webbing on fingers (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE3961FE9FB7489E24D2BFC" box="[1197,1375,223,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FE9FB7489E24D2BFC" box="[1197,1375,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">K. interlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and slightly less extensive webbing on toes (webbing formula
|
||
<date id="E41E1050FFE3961FEE72756CE44D2A19" box="[804,863,260,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FEE72756CE43D2A19" bold="true" box="[804,815,260,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">I</emphasis>
|
||
1–2
|
||
</date>
|
||
½
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FEE2A756CE4802A19" bold="true" box="[892,914,260,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">II</emphasis>
|
||
½–2½
|
||
<date id="E41E1050FFE3961FEEB0756CE30A2A19" box="[998,1048,260,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FEEB0756CE3152A19" bold="true" box="[998,1031,260,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">III</emphasis>
|
||
1
|
||
</date>
|
||
½ –3½
|
||
<date id="E41E1050FFE3961FE927756CE3B62A19" box="[1137,1188,260,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FE927756CE3822A19" bold="true" box="[1137,1168,260,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">IV</emphasis>
|
||
3
|
||
</date>
|
||
¾–1½
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FE9A4756CE2142A19" bold="true" box="[1266,1286,260,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">V</emphasis>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FE862756CE22D2A19" bold="true" box="[1332,1343,260,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">I</emphasis>
|
||
½ –2
|
||
<date id="E41E1050FFE3961FE8D0756CE7D22A44" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FE8D0756CE28E2A19" bold="true" box="[1414,1436,260,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">II</emphasis>
|
||
1–2
|
||
</date>
|
||
½
|
||
<date id="E41E1050FFE3961FEDB5754FE6902A44" box="[227,386,295,320]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FEDB5754FE6162A44" bold="true" box="[227,260,295,320]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">III</emphasis>
|
||
1–3
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FEC1E754FE6752A44" bold="true" box="[328,359,295,320]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">IV</emphasis>
|
||
3
|
||
</date>
|
||
¾–
|
||
<date id="E41E1050FFE3961FECFC754FE6C72A44" box="[426,469,295,320]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
|
||
1
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FEC97754FE6C72A44" bold="true" box="[449,469,295,320]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">V</emphasis>
|
||
</date>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE3961FEF537541E5A82A44" box="[517,698,295,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FEF537541E5A82A44" box="[517,698,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">K. interlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="089B2A15FFE3961FEF98754FE4362A44" box="[718,804,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1854]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 10. Palmar views of the right hand of the holotype Kalophrynus honbaensis sp. nov. (ZMMU A- 4941) (A) and Kalophrynus interlineatus (C), and plantar views of the right foot of the holotype Kalophrynus honbaensis sp. nov. (B) and Kalophrynus interlineatus (D) in preservative. Scale bar 3 mm. Photo by V. Trounov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251267/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
CD), and reduced anterior palatal dermal ridge (well developed, arch-shaped in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE3961FEC867525E5902A61" box="[464,642,332,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FEC867525E5902A61" box="[464,642,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">K. interlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In coloration,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE3961FEE127524E36A2A61" box="[836,1144,332,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptophonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FEE127524E36A2A61" box="[836,1144,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Kalophrynus cryptophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFE3961FE9D27524E3F32A61" box="[1156,1249,332,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FE9D27524E3F32A61" bold="true" box="[1156,1249,332,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE3961FE8D47525E6372A8C" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FE8D47525E6372A8C" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">K. interlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a very small, rudimentary black spot without light edging in inguinal area (smaller than tympanum, ISD/TD 0.77±0.05 vs. larger than tympanum, ISD/TD 1.60±0.36), and white-edged inguinal ocellus in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE3961FEDC175D1E6542AD4" box="[151,326,439,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FEDC175D1E6542AD4" box="[151,326,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">K. interlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In reproductive characteristics,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE3961FEFEB75DFE4FD2AD4" box="[701,1007,439,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptophonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FEFEB75DFE4FD2AD4" box="[701,1007,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Kalophrynus cryptophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFE3961FEEA175DFE3412AD4" box="[1015,1107,439,464]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FEEA175DFE3412AD4" bold="true" box="[1015,1107,439,464]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE3961FE9BA75D1E2892AD4" box="[1260,1435,439,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FE9BA75D1E2892AD4" box="[1260,1435,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">K. interlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having unpigmented eggs (vs. pigmented in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE3961FEFED75B5E4792AF1" box="[699,875,476,501]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FEFED75B5E4792AF1" box="[699,875,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">K. interlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In vocalization,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE3961FE96975B4E2632AF1" box="[1087,1393,476,501]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptophonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FE96975B4E2632AF1" box="[1087,1393,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Kalophrynus cryptophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFE3961FE82C75B4E7DA291C" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FE82C75B4E7DA291C" bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE3961FEC3C7669E50F291C" box="[362,541,511,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FEC3C7669E50F291C" box="[362,541,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">K. interlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by calling from inside bamboo stems (vs. from forest floor, often in dense choruses around breeding ponds), as well as call duration, inter-call interval, frequency and other acoustic parameters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="089B2A15FFE3961FEC77762FE6702964" box="[289,354,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox="[243,1341,693,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[221,1365,661,1946]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Oscillogram (top) and sonogram (bottom) of the male advertisement calls of (A) Kalophrynus cryptophonus sp. nov. (ZMMU A- 4859), recorded at 25 ºC, and (B) Kalophrynus interlineatus (not collected), recorded at 24 ºC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251265/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
AB, Table5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C4DF6618FFE3961FEDC173C7E3E02CE0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251265/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" targetBox="[243,1341,693,1931]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFE3961FEDC173C7E3E02CE0" blockId="18.[151,1436,1967,2020]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FEDC173C7E6062CC1" bold="true" box="[151,276,1967,1989]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Oscillogram (top) and sonogram (bottom) of the male advertisement calls of (A)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE3961FE93473C7E2642CC1" box="[1122,1398,1967,1989]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptophonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FE93473C7E2642CC1" box="[1122,1398,1967,1989]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Kalophrynus cryptophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFE3961FE82B73C7E7D12CE0" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FE82B73C7E7D12CE0" bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(ZMMU A-4859), recorded at 25ºC, and (B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE3961FEFC473A6E4892CE0" box="[658,923,1998,2020]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interlineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE3961FEFC473A6E4892CE0" box="[658,923,1998,2020]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Kalophrynus interlineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(not collected), recorded at 24ºC.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFE59619ED9174F0E4402AF0" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
|
||
From its other congener, described herein from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8B77600FFE59619EE3A74FFE4DC2BB4" box="[876,974,151,176]" name="Vietnam" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EE8874FFE3EA2BB4" box="[990,1272,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="honbaensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EE8874FFE3EA2BB4" box="[990,1272,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Kalophrynus honbaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFE59619E85274FFE2712BB4" box="[1284,1379,151,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E85274FFE2712BB4" bold="true" box="[1284,1379,151,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(see below),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EDA574D4E5362BD1" box="[243,548,188,213]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptophonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EDA574D4E5362BD1" box="[243,548,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Kalophrynus cryptophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFE59619EF7A74D4E5942BD1" box="[556,646,188,213]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EF7A74D4E5942BD1" bold="true" box="[556,646,188,213]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs morphologically by having a smaller body size in males (SVL
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619EDC17488E6522BF3" box="[151,320,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.915" metricValueMax="3.04" metricValueMin="2.79" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="29.15" valueMax="30.4" valueMin="27.9">27.9–30.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619EC2F74B7E5302BF3" box="[377,546,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.175" metricValueMax="3.6799999999999997" metricValueMin="2.67" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="31.75" valueMax="36.8" valueMin="26.7">26.7–36.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EF0774B7E47E2BFC" box="[593,876,223,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="honbaensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EF0774B7E47E2BFC" box="[593,876,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Kalophrynus honbaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFE59619EE2F74B7E4CB2BFC" box="[889,985,223,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EE2F74B7E4CB2BFC" bold="true" box="[889,985,223,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
); large skin spines on head (vs. only microscopic spines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619ECC7756CE5B52A19" box="[401,679,260,285]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="honbaensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619ECC7756CE5B52A19" box="[401,679,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Kalophrynus honbaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFE59619EFF8756CE41A2A19" box="[686,776,260,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EFF8756CE41A2A19" bold="true" box="[686,776,260,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
), nuptial pads on fingers in males present (absent in males
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EDC1754FE6A22A44" box="[151,432,295,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="honbaensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EDC1754FE6A22A44" box="[151,432,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Kalophrynus honbaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFE59619ECED754FE50A2A44" box="[443,536,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619ECED754FE50A2A44" bold="true" box="[443,536,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
); a smooth canthus rostralis (vs. sharp in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619E95F754FE2312A44" box="[1033,1315,295,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="honbaensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E95F754FE2312A44" box="[1033,1315,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Kalophrynus honbaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFE59619E87B754FE2992A44" box="[1325,1419,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E87B754FE2992A44" bold="true" box="[1325,1419,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
); reduced anterior palatal dermal ridge (vs. well developed, parallel to posterior ridge in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619E9087524E2662A61" box="[1118,1396,332,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="honbaensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E9087524E2662A61" box="[1118,1396,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Kalophrynus honbaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFE59619E82D7524E7DA2A8C" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E82D7524E7DA2A8C" bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
), and more extensive webbing on toes (webbing formula
|
||
<date id="E41E1050FFE59619EE067507E4992A8C" box="[848,907,367,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EE067507E4492A8C" bold="true" box="[848,859,367,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">I</emphasis>
|
||
1–2
|
||
</date>
|
||
½
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EEFE7507E4AC2A8C" bold="true" box="[936,958,367,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">II</emphasis>
|
||
½–2½
|
||
<date id="E41E1050FFE59619E9447507E3562A8C" box="[1042,1092,367,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E9447507E3212A8C" bold="true" box="[1042,1075,367,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">III</emphasis>
|
||
1
|
||
</date>
|
||
½ –3½
|
||
<date id="E41E1050FFE59619E9CA7507E3DD2A8C" box="[1180,1231,367,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E9CA7507E3A92A8C" bold="true" box="[1180,1211,367,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">IV</emphasis>
|
||
3
|
||
</date>
|
||
¾–1½
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E84B7507E2232A8C" bold="true" box="[1309,1329,367,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">V</emphasis>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<date id="E41E1050FFE59619E8367507E7D42AA8" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E8367507E2792A8C" bold="true" box="[1376,1387,367,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">I</emphasis>
|
||
1–2
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EDC175FCE7BF2AA9" bold="true" box="[151,173,404,429]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">II</emphasis>
|
||
1
|
||
</date>
|
||
½ –3
|
||
<date id="E41E1050FFE59619EC4E75FCE67C2AA8" box="[280,366,404,429]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EC4E75FCE62B2AA9" bold="true" box="[280,313,404,429]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">III</emphasis>
|
||
2–3
|
||
</date>
|
||
¾
|
||
<date id="E41E1050FFE59619ECCF75FCE6FF2AA8" box="[409,493,404,429]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619ECCF75FCE6AA2AA9" bold="true" box="[409,440,404,429]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">IV</emphasis>
|
||
4–2
|
||
</date>
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619ECAE75FCE51E2AA9" bold="true" box="[504,524,404,429]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">V</emphasis>
|
||
). In coloration,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EF9875FCE3102AA9" box="[718,1026,404,429]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptophonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EF9875FCE3102AA9" box="[718,1026,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Kalophrynus cryptophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E95B75FCE3792AA9" bold="true" box="[1037,1131,404,429]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFE59619E95B75FCE3792AA9" box="[1037,1131,404,429]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619E85D75FCE6072AD4" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="honbaensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E85D75FCE6072AD4" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Kalophrynus honbaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFE59619EC4A75DFE6672AD4" box="[284,373,439,464]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EC4A75DFE6672AD4" bold="true" box="[284,373,439,464]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
by having a very small, rudimentary black spot in inguinal area (smaller than tympanum, ISD/ TD 0.77±0.05, vs. larger than tympanum, ISD/TD 1.47±0.09).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8BA651BFFE59618ED917597E6982AD4" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="422" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFE59619ED917597E68128A1" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619ED917597E6EA291C" ID-CoL="6NJSY" box="[199,504,511,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptophonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619ED917597E6EA291C" box="[199,504,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Kalophrynus cryptophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFE59619EF567597E549291C" box="[512,603,511,536]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EF567597E549291C" bold="true" box="[512,603,511,536]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from other congeners distributed in South Asia,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8B77600FFE59619E98E7597E20F291C" box="[1240,1309,511,536]" name="China" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the Malay Peninsula and the Malay Archipelago by the presence of sharp prominent spines on the head skin (not recorded in any other species) in males. Moreover,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EF32762FE4852964" ID-CoL="6NJSY" box="[612,919,583,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptophonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EF32762FE4852964" box="[612,919,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Kalophrynus cryptophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFE59619EEF4762FE4ED2964" box="[930,1023,583,608]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EEF4762FE4ED2964" bold="true" box="[930,1023,583,608]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has substantially smaller body size (SVL
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619ED8B7604E6912980" box="[221,387,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.69" metricValueMax="3.04" metricValueMin="2.34" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="26.9" valueMax="30.4" valueMin="23.4">23.4–30.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EC9D7605E5F32980" ID-CoL="6NJRB" authority="Kiew, 1984" authorityName="Kiew" authorityYear="1984" box="[459,737,620,645]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baluensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EC9D7605E5452981" box="[459,599,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. baluensis</emphasis>
|
||
Kiew, 1984
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619EE667604E4D12980" box="[816,963,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.69" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="3.4799999999999995" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="36.9" valueMax="39.0" valueMin="34.8">34.8–39 mm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EE817605E2152981" ID-CoL="6NK57" authority="Inger, 1966" authorityName="Inger" authorityYear="1966" box="[983,1287,620,645]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EE817605E36C2981" box="[983,1150,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. intermedius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4314B61FFE59619E9D37605E2152981" author="Inger" box="[1157,1287,620,645]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Inger, R. F. (1966) The systematics and zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo. Fieldiana: Zoology, 52, 1 - 402." type="journal article" year="1966">Inger, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619E8037604E7D129A3" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="37.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="35.0">35–40 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EC0B76F9E45429AC" ID-CoL="6NJSW" authority="Dutta, Ahmed & Das, 2000" authorityName="Dutta, Ahmed & Das" authorityYear="2000" box="[349,838,655,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EC0B76F9E6EE29AC" box="[349,508,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. orangensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4314B61FFE59619EF5076F8E45429AC" author="Dutta" box="[518,838,655,680]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Dutta, S. K., Ahmed, M. F. & Das, I. (2000) Kalophrynus (Anura: Microhylidae), a new genus for India, with the description of a new species, Kalophrynus orangensis, from Assam state. Hamadryad, 25 (2), 67 - 74." type="journal article" year="2000">Dutta, Ahmed & Das, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL up to
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619EE8876F8E32629AC" box="[990,1076,656,680]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="38.0">38 mm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619E91C76F9E28E29AC" authority="Kiew, 1984" authorityName="Kiew" authorityYear="1984" box="[1098,1436,655,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kaloula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E91C76F9E21F29AC" box="[1098,1293,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. palmatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
Kiew, 1984
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619EDB576DCE67629C8" box="[227,356,692,716]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="39.0" valueMin="31.0">31–39 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619ECE776DDE40D29C8" ID-CoL="6NK4W" authority="Tschudi, 1838" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" box="[433,799,692,717]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pleurostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619ECE776DDE57E29C9" box="[433,620,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. pleurostigma</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4314B61FFE59619EF2C76DCE40D29C8" author="Tschudi" box="[634,799,692,717]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Tschudi, J. J. V. (1838) Classification der Batrachier mit Berucksichtigung der fossilen Thiere dieser Abtheilung der Reptilien. Neuchatel, Petitpierre, 99 pp., 6 pls." type="book" year="1838">Tschudi, 1838</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619EE2C76DCE4E829C8" box="[890,1018,692,717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="42.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="35.0">35–50 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males,
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619E9D576DCE21129C8" box="[1155,1283,692,717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="48.0" valueMax="58.0" valueMin="38.0">38–58 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females). Additionally, from these species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EF4876BFE44629F4" ID-CoL="6NJSY" box="[542,852,727,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptophonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EF4876BFE44629F4" box="[542,852,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Kalophrynus cryptophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFE59619EE3776BFE4D329F4" box="[865,961,727,752]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EE3776BFE4D329F4" bold="true" box="[865,961,727,752]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs by having a single, small black inguinal ocellus not edged in white on each side of sacrum (vs. one or two yellow ocelli in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619E9DB7695E2052811" ID-CoL="6NJRB" box="[1165,1303,764,789]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baluensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E9DB7695E2052811" box="[1165,1303,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. baluensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, absence of inguinal spot in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EC187749E6E1283C" ID-CoL="6NK57" box="[334,499,799,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EC187749E6E1283C" box="[334,499,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. intermedius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, white-edged black ocelli in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EE6A7749E4E2283C" ID-CoL="6NK4W" box="[828,1008,799,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pleurostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EE6A7749E4E2283C" box="[828,1008,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. pleurostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the presence of rudimental webbing on fingers (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619ECDF772DE5342858" ID-CoL="6NJSW" box="[393,550,837,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619ECDF772DE5342858" box="[393,550,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. orangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and moderate toe webbing (vs. extensive webbing in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619E9CE772DE2492859" box="[1176,1371,836,861]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kaloula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmatissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E9CE772DE2492859" box="[1176,1371,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. palmatissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619ED8A7701E6622884" ID-CoL="6NJRB" box="[220,368,871,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baluensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619ED8A7701E6622884" box="[220,368,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. baluensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619ECE17701E5612884" ID-CoL="6NK4W" box="[439,627,871,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pleurostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619ECE17701E5612884" box="[439,627,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. pleurostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by call characteristics (i.e. call duration, dominant frequency and modulation) (Table 5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFE59619ED9177C7E3C62FC1" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619ED9177C7E6E428CC" ID-CoL="6NJSY" box="[199,502,943,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptophonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619ED9177C7E6E428CC" box="[199,502,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Kalophrynus cryptophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFE59619ECAA77C7E54428CC" box="[508,598,943,968]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619ECAA77C7E54428CC" bold="true" box="[508,598,943,968]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EFB177D9E3BD28CC" ID-CoL="6NK3B" authority="Matsui & Nishikawa, 2011" authorityName="Matsui & Nishikawa" authorityYear="2011" box="[743,1199,943,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barioensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EFB177D9E46E28CC" box="[743,892,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. barioensis</emphasis>
|
||
Matsui & Nishikawa, 2011
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619E9AC77C7E28E28C3" box="[1274,1436,943,968]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8649999999999998" metricValueMax="1.98" metricValueMin="1.75" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="18.65" valueMax="19.8" valueMin="17.5">17.5–19.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males,
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619EC5177BCE67F28E8" box="[263,365,980,1005]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="20.5">20.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EF5277BDE40928E8" ID-CoL="6NK59" authority="Dring, 1983" authorityName="Dring" authorityYear="1983" box="[516,795,980,1005]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nubicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EF5277BDE59B28E9" box="[516,649,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. nubicola</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4314B61FFE59619EFC777BCE40928E8" author="Dring" box="[657,795,980,1005]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Dring, J. C. M. (1983) Some new frogs from Sarawak. Amphibia-Reptilia, 4, 103 - 115. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156853883 x 00021" type="journal article" year="1983">Dring, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619EE3D77BCE30228E8" box="[875,1040,980,1004]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.94" metricValueMax="2.44" metricValueMin="1.44" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="19.4" valueMax="24.4" valueMin="14.4">14.4–24.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619E9EA77BDE7DD2F14" ID-CoL="6NJSR" authority="Smith, 1922" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1922" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E9EA77BDE25B28E9" box="[1212,1353,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4314B61FFE59619E80477BCE7DD2F14" author="Smith" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Smith, M. A. (1922) On a collection of reptiles and batrachians from the mountains of Pahang, Malay Peninsula. Journal of the Federated States Museum, 10, 263 - 282." type="journal article" year="1922">Smith, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619EC4B7790E67F2F0B" box="[285,365,1016,1040]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males,
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619ECB47790E5202F0B" box="[482,562,1016,1040]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females) in having a significantly larger body size (SVL
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619E98D7790E26D2F0B" box="[1243,1407,1016,1040]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.915" metricValueMax="3.04" metricValueMin="2.79" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="29.15" valueMax="30.4" valueMin="27.9">27.9–30.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males,
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619EDBC7074E6432F30" box="[234,337,1052,1076]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.34" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="23.4">23.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in female); additionally, from these species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EE0C7074E39F2F31" ID-CoL="6NJSY" box="[858,1165,1052,1077]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptophonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EE0C7074E39F2F31" box="[858,1165,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Kalophrynus cryptophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFE59619E9CE7074E3E72F31" box="[1176,1269,1052,1077]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E9CE7074E3E72F31" bold="true" box="[1176,1269,1052,1077]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs by the presence of finely asperous nuptial pads on fingers (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EE1A7029E4F32F5C" ID-CoL="6NK3B" box="[844,993,1087,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barioensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EE1A7029E4F32F5C" box="[844,993,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. barioensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E94E7029E3B32F5C" box="[1048,1185,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619E94E7029E38C2F5C" ID-CoL="6NK59" box="[1048,1182,1087,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nubicola">K. nubicola</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
few large spines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619E8D47029E6132F79" ID-CoL="6NJSR" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E8D47029E6132F79" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), presence of outer metatarsal tubercle (vs. absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EE09700DE4E42F79" ID-CoL="6NK3B" box="[863,1014,1124,1149]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barioensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EE09700DE4E42F79" box="[863,1014,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. barioensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619E978700DE3A32F79" ID-CoL="6NK59" box="[1070,1201,1124,1149]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nubicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E978700DE3A32F79" box="[1070,1201,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. nubicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), coloration features (presence of a light lateral stripe in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EF7470E1E5A42FA4" ID-CoL="6NK3B" box="[546,694,1159,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barioensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EF7470E1E5A42FA4" box="[546,694,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. barioensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, no inguinal ocellus in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EEEA70E1E32C2FA4" ID-CoL="6NK59" box="[956,1086,1159,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nubicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EEEA70E1E32C2FA4" box="[956,1086,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. nubicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619E92270E1E3ED2FA4" ID-CoL="6NJSR" box="[1140,1279,1159,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E92270E1E3ED2FA4" box="[1140,1279,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619E8D470E1E61E2FC1" ID-CoL="6NK3B" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barioensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E8D470E1E61E2FC1" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. barioensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EC1470C5E6D72FC1" ID-CoL="6NK59" box="[322,453,1196,1221]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nubicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EC1470C5E6D72FC1" box="[322,453,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. nubicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by call characteristics, namely a lower dominant frequency (Table 5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFE59618ED9170B8E6982AD4" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="422" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
|
||
From
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EC5C70A7E6892FEC" ID-CoL="62W7Y" box="[266,411,1231,1256]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EC5C70A7E6892FEC" box="[266,411,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Kalophrynus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, which are similar in size,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EE4870A7E35C2FEC" ID-CoL="6NJSY" box="[798,1102,1231,1256]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptophonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EE4870A7E35C2FEC" box="[798,1102,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Kalophrynus cryptophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFE59619E90370A7E3BC2FEC" box="[1109,1198,1231,1256]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E90370A7E3BC2FEC" bold="true" box="[1109,1198,1231,1256]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
clearly differs by the following important features: from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EF70709DE4642E09" ID-CoL="6NJSZ" authority="Gunther, 1895" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1895" box="[550,886,1268,1293]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bunguranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EF70709DE5DF2E09" box="[550,717,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. bunguranus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4314B61FFE59619EF82709CE4642E09" author="Gunther" box="[724,886,1268,1293]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Gunther, A. C. L. G. (1895) The reptiles and batrachians of the Natuna Islands. Novitates Zoologicae, Tring 2, 499 - 502." type="journal article" year="1895">Günther, 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619EE95709CE3752E08" box="[963,1127,1268,1292]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.28" metricValueMax="2.34" metricValueMin="2.2199999999999998" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="22.799999999999997" valueMax="23.4" valueMin="22.2">22.2–23.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males,
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619E98D709CE26D2E08" box="[1243,1407,1268,1293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.61" metricValueMax="2.67" metricValueMin="2.55" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="26.1" valueMax="26.7" valueMin="25.5">25.5–26.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females) by having small inguinal spots not edged in white (vs. dark ocelli surrounded by a light area in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619E8D47171E60F2E51" ID-CoL="6NJSZ" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bunguranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E8D47171E60F2E51" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. bunguranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EC227155E5A82E50" ID-CoL="6NK4Z" authority="Dehling, 2011" authorityName="Dehling" authorityYear="2011" box="[372,698,1340,1365]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calciphilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EC227155E5032E51" box="[372,529,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. calciphilus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4314B61FFE59619EF4C7154E5A82E50" author="Dehling" box="[538,698,1340,1365]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Dehling, J. M. (2011) A new karst-dwelling species of Kalophrynus (Anura: Microhylidae) from Gunung Mulu National Park, Borneo, Malaysia. Zootaxa, 2737, 49 - 60." type="journal article" year="2011">Dehling, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619EE5E7154E4BF2E50" box="[776,941,1340,1364]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9899999999999998" metricValueMax="3.0100000000000002" metricValueMin="2.9699999999999998" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="29.9" valueMax="30.1" valueMin="29.7">29.7–30.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males,
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619E9757154E3D52E50" box="[1059,1223,1340,1365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.715" metricValueMax="3.88" metricValueMin="3.55" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="37.15" valueMax="38.8" valueMin="35.5">35.5–38.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females) by the absence of dentition on the upper jaw (vs. weak dentition present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EEC27109E33D2E7C" ID-CoL="6NK4Z" box="[916,1071,1375,1400]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calciphilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EEC27109E33D2E7C" box="[916,1071,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. calciphilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), by finger IV being longer than I (vs. IV shorter than I in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619ECE871EDE54E2E99" ID-CoL="6NK4Z" box="[446,604,1412,1437]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calciphilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619ECE871EDE54E2E99" box="[446,604,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. calciphilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), by coloration features (black dorsum and chest, white dorsolateral line, red iris in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EC5E71C1E6B12EC4" ID-CoL="6NK4Z" box="[264,419,1447,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calciphilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EC5E71C1E6B12EC4" box="[264,419,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. calciphilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), by call characteristics, in particular call duration and dominant frequency (Table 5); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EDC171A5E6AD2EE0" ID-CoL="6NK4Y" authority="Das & Haas, 2003" authorityName="Das & Haas" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,447,1484,1509]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eok">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EDC171A5E7F32EE1" box="[151,225,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. eok</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4314B61FFE59619EDBC71A5E6AD2EE0" author="Das" box="[234,447,1484,1508]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Das, I. & Haas, A. (2003) A new species of Kalophrynus (Anura: Microhylidae) from Central Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 51, 113 - 117." type="journal article" year="2003">Das & Haas, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619EF4671A4E5652EE0" box="[528,631,1484,1509]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.63" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="26.3">26.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in male), by coloration features (dark interorbital bar and chevron on shoulders, inguinal spots absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EF4B7199E5762D0C" ID-CoL="6NK4Y" box="[541,612,1519,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eok">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EF4B7199E5762D0C" box="[541,612,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. eok</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EFEF7199E3372D0C" authority="Boulenger, 1900" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1900" box="[697,1061,1519,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kaloula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heterochirus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EFEF7199E4742D0C" box="[697,870,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. heterochirus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4314B61FFE59619EE3A7187E3372D0C" author="Boulenger" box="[876,1061,1519,1544]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1900) Descriptions of new Reptiles and Batrachians from Borneo. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 69, 182 - 187. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1890. tb 01716. x" type="journal article" year="1900">Boulenger, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619E9277187E3D22D03" box="[1137,1216,1519,1544]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males,
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619E8677198E2922D03" box="[1329,1408,1520,1544]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
in female) by normally developed fingers (vs. strongly shortened fingers I, II and IV in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619E93A727DE2092D29" box="[1132,1307,1556,1581]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kaloula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heterochirus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E93A727DE2092D29" box="[1132,1307,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. heterochirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and small black inguinal spot (vs. few large round yellowish-white spots in the lumbar region in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619E92C7251E23A2D54" box="[1146,1320,1591,1616]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kaloula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heterochirus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E92C7251E23A2D54" box="[1146,1320,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. heterochirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619E8D47251E4622D70" ID-CoL="6NK56" authority="Matsui, Nishikawa, Belabut, Norhayati & Yong, 2012" authorityName="Matsui, Nishikawa, Belabut, Norhayati & Yong" authorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="limbooliati">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E8D47251E6002D71" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. limbooliati</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4314B61FFE59619EC4E7234E4622D70" author="Matsui" box="[280,880,1628,1653]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Matsui, M., Nishikawa, K., Belabut, D. M., Norhayati, A. & Yong, H. S. (2012) A new species of Kalophrynus (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae) from Southern Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa, 3155, 38 - 46." type="journal article" year="2012">Matsui, Nishikawa, Belabut, Norhayati & Yong, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619EEEA7234E34C2D70" box="[956,1118,1628,1653]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.745" metricValueMax="2.87" metricValueMin="2.62" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="27.45" valueMax="28.7" valueMin="26.2">26.2–28.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males) by the presence of subarticular tubercles under toe V and the outer metatarsal tubercle (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619E95D72E9E3B52D9C" ID-CoL="6NK56" box="[1035,1191,1663,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="limbooliati">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E95D72E9E3B52D9C" box="[1035,1191,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. limbooliati</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the absence of light dorsolateral line (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EC8672CDE5792DB9" ID-CoL="6NK56" box="[464,619,1700,1725]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="limbooliati">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EC8672CDE5792DB9" box="[464,619,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. limbooliati</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and call characteristics, in particular dominant frequency and frequency modulation (Table 5); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EC9B72A1E45A2DE4" ID-CoL="6NJT9" authority="Yang & Su, 1980" authorityName="Yang & Su" authorityYear="1980" box="[461,840,1735,1761]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="menglienicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EC9B72A1E5902DE4" box="[461,642,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. menglienicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4314B61FFE59619EFDE72A1E45A2DE4" author="Yang" box="[648,840,1736,1761]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Yang, D. T. & Su, C. Y. (1980) A new species of the family Microhylidae frog from Yunnan. Zoological Research, 1, 257 - 260." type="journal article" year="1980">Yang & Su, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619EEC572AFE3572DE4" box="[915,1093,1735,1760]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1574999999999998" metricValueMax="2.34" metricValueMin="1.975" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="21.575" valueMax="23.4" valueMin="19.75">19.75–23.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
) by moderate webbing on toes (vs. foot webbing absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EC807285E59F2C01" ID-CoL="6NJT9" box="[470,653,1772,1797]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="menglienicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EC807285E59F2C01" box="[470,653,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. menglienicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the absence of horny granules on back and belly (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619E8D47285E6392C2C" ID-CoL="6NJT9" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="menglienicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E8D47285E6392C2C" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. menglienicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EC297379E5DA2C2C" ID-CoL="6NK4X" authority="Iskandar, 1998" authorityName="Iskandar" authorityYear="1998" box="[383,712,1807,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minusculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EC297379E50F2C2C" box="[383,541,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. minusculus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4314B61FFE59619EF757367E5DA2C2C" author="Iskandar" box="[547,712,1807,1832]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Iskandar, D. T. (1998) The amphibians of Java and Bali. Research and development centre for biology LIPI, Bogor, xix + 117 pp., 26 pls." type="book" year="1998">Iskandar, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619EE457367E4732C2C" box="[787,865,1807,1832]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males,
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619EE847367E3322C2C" box="[978,1056,1807,1832]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females) by coloration features (brownish black coloration with black banded pattern in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EE7A735DE4DC2C49" ID-CoL="6NK4X" box="[812,974,1844,1869]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minusculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EE7A735DE4DC2C49" box="[812,974,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. minusculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619E97C735DE2412C48" ID-CoL="6NK58" authority="Peters, 1871" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1871" box="[1066,1363,1844,1868]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E97C735DE3A92C48" box="[1066,1211,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4314B61FFE59619E993735DE2412C48" author="Peters" box="[1221,1363,1844,1868]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Peters, W. C. (1871) Uber neue Reptilien aus Ostafrica und Sarawak (Borneo), vorzuglich aus der Sammlung des Hrn. Marquis J. Doria zu Genua. Monatsberichte der Koniglichen Preussische Akademie des Wissenschaften, Berlin, 566 - 581." type="book chapter" year="1871">Peters, 1871</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619EDC17330E6072C74" box="[151,277,1880,1904]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="24.5" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="22.0">22–27 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males) by the presence of outer metatarsal tubercle (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619E9717331E3A82C74" ID-CoL="6NK58" box="[1063,1210,1881,1904]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E9717331E3A82C74" box="[1063,1210,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619E84F7331E6552C90" ID-CoL="3QZF3" authority="Stejneger, 1908" authorityName="Stejneger" authorityYear="1908" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E84F7331E2892C74" box="[1305,1435,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. stellatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4314B61FFE59619EDC17314E6552C90" author="Stejneger" box="[151,327,1916,1941]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Stejneger, L. (1908) Two new species of toads from the Philippines. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 33, 573 - 576. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1578.573" type="journal article" year="1908">Stejneger, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619ECCE7314E6F92C90" box="[408,491,1916,1940]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="24.0">24 mm</quantity>
|
||
) by reduced anterior palatal ridge (vs. developed arched ridge in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619E9B67315E2732C91" ID-CoL="3QZF3" box="[1248,1377,1916,1941]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619E9B67315E2732C91" box="[1248,1377,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. stellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and inguinal spots smaller than tympanum and not edged in white (vs. black inguinal spots as large as tympanum and surrounded with light dots in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619ECA673ADE5632CD9" ID-CoL="3QZF3" box="[496,625,1988,2013]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619ECA673ADE5632CD9" box="[496,625,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. stellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE59619EF9B73ADE3182CD9" ID-CoL="3QZF4" authority="Inger, 1966" authorityName="Inger" authorityYear="1966" box="[717,1034,1988,2013]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subterrestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE59619EF9B73ADE46F2CD9" box="[717,893,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">K. subterrestris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4314B61FFE59619EED173ADE3182CD9" author="Inger" box="[903,1034,1988,2013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" refString="Inger, R. F. (1966) The systematics and zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo. Fieldiana: Zoology, 52, 1 - 402." type="journal article" year="1966">Inger, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619E90B73ACE3BD2CD8" box="[1117,1199,1988,2012]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males,
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE59619E87D73ACE26F2CD8" box="[1323,1405,1988,2012]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females) by indistinct canthus rostralis (distinct in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE49618EF8F74F1E4952BB4" ID-CoL="3QZF4" box="[729,903,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subterrestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE49618EF8F74F1E4952BB4" box="[729,903,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">K. subterrestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), reduced anterior palatal ridge (vs. developed angular, strongly notched ridge in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE49618EF6774D5E5F12BD1" ID-CoL="3QZF4" box="[561,739,188,213]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subterrestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE49618EF6774D5E5F12BD1" box="[561,739,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">K. subterrestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and subarticular tubercles on toe V present (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE49618E8D474D5E6312BFC" ID-CoL="3QZF4" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subterrestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE49618E8D474D5E6312BFC" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">K. subterrestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE49618EC2C7489E4812BFC" ID-CoL="3QZF5" authority="Chan, Grismer & Grismer, 2011" authorityName="Chan, Grismer & Grismer" authorityYear="2011" box="[378,915,223,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tiomanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE49618EC2C7489E5332BFC" box="[378,545,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">K. tiomanensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4314B61FFE49618EF7F74B7E4812BFC" author="Chan" box="[553,915,223,248]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" refString="Chan, K. O., Grismer, L. L. & Grismer, J. (2011) A new insular, endemic frog of the genus Kalophrynus Tschudi, 1838 (Anura: Microhylidae) from Tioman Island, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa, 3123, 60 - 68." type="journal article" year="2011">Chan, Grismer & Grismer, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE49618EEB774B7E3962BF3" box="[993,1156,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.605" metricValueMax="2.63" metricValueMin="2.58" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" unit="mm" value="26.05" valueMax="26.3" valueMin="25.8">25.8–26.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males,
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE49618E9AF74B7E28F2BF3" box="[1273,1437,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.36" metricValueMax="2.58" metricValueMin="2.1399999999999997" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" unit="mm" value="23.6" valueMax="25.8" valueMin="21.4">21.4–25.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females) by the presence of outer metatarsal tubercle (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE49618EEC7756DE32B2A18" ID-CoL="3QZF5" box="[913,1081,261,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tiomanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE49618EEC7756DE32B2A18" box="[913,1081,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">K. tiomanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), small inguinal spot (vs. large spot in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE49618EDBF7541E69D2A44" ID-CoL="3QZF5" box="[233,399,297,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tiomanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE49618EDBF7541E69D2A44" box="[233,399,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">K. tiomanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and other coloration features (spotted lower back in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE49618EEB07541E39E2A44" ID-CoL="3QZF5" box="[998,1164,297,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tiomanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE49618EEB07541E39E2A44" box="[998,1164,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">K. tiomanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE49618E9B47541E7DD2A60" ID-CoL="3QZF6" authority="Matsui, 2009" authorityName="Matsui" authorityYear="2009" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE49618E9B47541E2522A44" box="[1250,1344,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">K. yongi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F4314B61FFE49618E811754FE7DD2A60" author="Matsui" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" refString="Matsui, M. (2009) A new species of Kalophrynus with a unique male humeral spine from Peninsular Malaysia (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae). Zoological Science, 26, 579 - 585. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2108 / zsj. 26.579" type="journal article" year="2009">Matsui, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL 28.8–31.0 mm in males) by the absence of strongly developed humeral spine (present in males
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE49618E8D47525E7C72A8C" ID-CoL="3QZF6" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE49618E8D47525E7C72A8C" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">K. yongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), finely asperous nuptial pads on fingers I–III (vs. sharp white asperities on nuptial pads in males
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE49618E87A7519E2992A8C" ID-CoL="3QZF6" box="[1324,1419,369,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yongi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE49618E87A7519E2992A8C" box="[1324,1419,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">K. yongi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), tadpole features (see Discussion) and call characteristics, namely call duration, dominant frequency and modulation (Table 5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8BA651BFFE49618ED9175B4E655291C" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFE49618ED9175B4E655291C" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE49618ED9175B4E6722AF1" bold="true" box="[199,352,476,501]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
To date the species is known only from
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F1B8832FFE49618EE6175B5E4752AF1" box="[823,871,477,501]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, the Loc Bao Forestry Enterprise in Lam Dong Province.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8BA651BFFE49618ED91764CE4242811" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFE49618ED91764CE42629C8" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE49618ED91764CE65C2939" bold="true" box="[199,334,548,573]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species name is a noun in the nominative case, derived from the Greek
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE49618E9E6764DE21B2938" box="[1200,1289,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">cryptos,</emphasis>
|
||
meaning “to hide”, “mystery”, “cryptic”, and
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE49618EF47762FE5702964" box="[529,610,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">phonus</emphasis>
|
||
meaning “voice” in reference to our history of discovering the species. During the expedition of the JRVTRTC in April–May,
|
||
<quantity id="57589B75FFE49618EE507604E44E2981" box="[774,860,620,645]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.11302" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" unit="in" value="2013.0">2013 in</quantity>
|
||
Loc Bao forest, Lam Dong Province, we recorded unusual frog calls which were hard for us to locate. After two weeks of searching we found a male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A04D13FFE49618E85D76E7E63D29C9" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kalophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptophonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE49618E85D76E7E63D29C9" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Kalophrynus cryptophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9E757F9FFE49618EC6076DCE68229C9" box="[310,400,692,717]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE49618EC6076DCE68229C9" bold="true" box="[310,400,692,717]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
calling from an empty bamboo stem.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="901F3690FFE49618ED9176BFE4242811" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2D4EA82FFE49618ED9176BFE54D29F4" bold="true" box="[199,607,727,752]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Recommended vernacular name:</emphasis>
|
||
The recommended common name in English is Bamboo sticky frog, referring to the unusual breeding habitat of the new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |