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<mods:title id="D5F87A6EE0E98F6F90B8E0A347001526">The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A21F554FF68C918AADAFADE" ID-CoL="7Q2X4" box="[151,238,1334,1359]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A21F554FF68C918AADAFADE" bold="true" box="[151,238,1334,1359]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB46700A0A21F554FF38C974A87DFA4E" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A21F554FF38C974A868FAE2" ID-CoL="7Q2X4" authority="Lea, 1856: 110" authorityName="Lea" authorityPageNumber="110" authorityYear="1856" box="[199,604,1370,1395]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A21F554FF38C974AB91FAE2" box="[199,421,1370,1395]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Ampullaria gracilis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AF771350A21F554FE52C975A868FAE2" author="Lea" box="[429,604,1370,1395]" page="110" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="1856">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A21F554FE52C975A817FAE2" author="Lea" box="[429,547,1370,1395]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Lea, I. (1856) Description of thirteen new species of exotic Peristomata. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 8, 109 - 111. [June, after 3 June (date the paper was read); Tryon, 1861: 45)" type="journal article" year="1856">Lea, 1856</bibRefCitation>
: 110
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</taxonomicName>
.
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<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A21F554FD96C972A8A9FAE2" box="[617,669,1372,1395]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A21F554FCDCC975A9B3FAE2" box="[803,903,1371,1395]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
: USNM 106323 (1 spm., labelled “
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A21F554FAE4C974AFB1FAE2" box="[1307,1413,1370,1395]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
”), USNM 106323a (1 spm.).
<emphasis id="B9228B360A21F554FE34C951A868FA06" box="[459,604,1406,1431]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A21F554FE34C951ABCBFA07" box="[459,511,1407,1430]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
—“
<collectingCountry id="F34117B40A21F554FD7AC950A8F5FA06" box="[645,705,1406,1431]" name="Thailand" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Siam</collectingCountry>
” [
<collectingCountry id="F34117B40A21F554FD25C950A972FA06" box="[730,838,1406,1431]" name="Thailand" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Thailand</collectingCountry>
].
<emphasis id="B9228B360A21F554FCA5C950A9D7FA06" box="[858,995,1406,1431]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Distribution</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F34117B40A21F554FBFFC950AE51FA06" box="[1024,1125,1406,1431]" name="Thailand" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34117B40A21F554FB8CC950AEDDFA06" box="[1139,1257,1406,1431]" name="Cambodia" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34117B40A21F554FB09C951AF1BFA07" box="[1270,1327,1407,1430]" name="Laos" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Laos</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34117B40A21F554FAC2C950AFA8FA06" box="[1341,1436,1406,1431]" name="Vietnam" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
(
<treatmentCitation id="0AF771350A21F554FF61C98CAB72FA2B" author="Nevill" box="[158,326,1442,1467]" page="7" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="1885">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A21F554FF61C98CAB1EFA2A" author="Nevill" box="[158,298,1442,1467]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Nevill, G. (1885) Hand list of Mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Part II. Gastropoda. Prosobranchia-Neurobranchia (contd.). Indian Museum, Calcutta, x + 306 pp. [after 25 January; preface]" type="book" year="1885">Nevill 1885</bibRefCitation>
: 7
</treatmentCitation>
; Dautzenberg &amp; Fischer 1905: 426;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF771350A21F554FD18C98CA9EEFA2A" author="Annandale" box="[743,986,1442,1467]" page="11" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="1920">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A21F554FD18C98CA985FA2A" author="Annandale" box="[743,945,1442,1467]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Annandale, N. (1920 a) The apple-snails of Siam. Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam, 4 (1), 1 - 24. [1 May; volume title page, front wrapper of issue 1]" type="journal article" year="1920" yearSuffix="a">Annandale 1920a</bibRefCitation>
: 11
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF771350A21F554FC17C98CAE90FA2A" author="Brandt" box="[1000,1188,1442,1467]" page="52" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A21F554FC17C98CAE4CFA2A" author="Brandt" box="[1000,1144,1442,1467]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Brandt, R. A. M. (1974) The non-marine Mollusca of Thailand. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 105 (1 - 4), 1 - 423, pls. 1 - 30. [18 November; p. 1]" type="journal article" year="1974">Brandt 1974</bibRefCitation>
: 52
</treatmentCitation>
); restricted to
<collectingCountry id="F34117B40A21F554FAB7C98DAFA7FA2A" box="[1352,1427,1443,1467]" name="Myanmar" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Burma</collectingCountry>
/
<collectingCountry id="F34117B40A21F554FF68C9E9AB32FA4E" box="[151,262,1479,1503]" name="Myanmar" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B9228B360A21F554FEEFC9E9AB77FA4F" box="[272,323,1479,1502]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">teste</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AF771350A21F554FEB4C9E8A808FA4E" author="Subba" box="[331,572,1478,1503]" page="60" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A21F554FEB4C9E8A825FA4E" author="Subba" box="[331,529,1478,1503]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Subba Rao, N. V. (1989) Handbook freshwater molluscs of India. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, xxiii + 289 pp., 98 unnumbered pls. [September; p. ii]" type="book" year="1989">
Subba
<treatmentCitation id="0AF771350A21F554FE67C9E9A825FA4E" author="Rao" box="[408,529,1479,1503]" page="60" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A21F554FE67C9E9A825FA4E" author="Rao" box="[408,529,1479,1503]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Subba Rao, N. V. (1989) Handbook freshwater molluscs of India. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, xxiii + 289 pp., 98 unnumbered pls. [September; p. ii]" type="book" year="1989">Rao (1989</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
: 60
</treatmentCitation>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C04AF0A21F554FF38C9C4AAC4F902" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE957240A21F554FF38C9C4A95DF9DA" blockId="36.[151,1436,1334,1611]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A21F554FF38C9C4AB1DF992" box="[199,297,1514,1539]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Remarks</emphasis>
. Variety of
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A21F554FE47C9C2A867F992" authority="Wood" authorityName="Wood" box="[440,595,1514,1539]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="conica">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A21F554FE47C9C2A837F992" box="[440,515,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">conica</emphasis>
Wood
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9228B360A21F554FD9DC9C2A8A2F992" box="[610,662,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">teste</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A21F554FD5FC9C4A9B4F992" author="Prashad" box="[672,896,1514,1539]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Prashad, B. (1925) Revision of the Indian Ampullariidae. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 8 (2), 69 - 89, pls. 13 - 15. [May; title page of issue]" type="journal article" year="1925">Prashad (1925: 80)</bibRefCitation>
. Variety of
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A21F554FBF3C9C2AEE5F993" authority="Mousson" authorityName="Mousson" box="[1036,1233,1515,1539]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Pila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scutata">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A21F554FBF3C9C2AE69F992" box="[1036,1117,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">scutata</emphasis>
Mousson
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9228B360A21F554FB1FC9C2AF27F992" box="[1248,1299,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">teste</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A21F554FAE1C9C4AAE8F9B6" author="Subba" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Subba Rao, N. V. (1989) Handbook freshwater molluscs of India. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, xxiii + 289 pp., 98 unnumbered pls. [September; p. ii]" type="book" year="1989">
Subba
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A21F554FA90C9C5AAE8F9B6" author="Rao" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Subba Rao, N. V. (1989) Handbook freshwater molluscs of India. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, xxiii + 289 pp., 98 unnumbered pls. [September; p. ii]" type="book" year="1989">Rao (1989</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
: 60). Valid species,
<emphasis id="B9228B360A21F554FE2BCA21A83CF9B7" box="[468,520,1551,1574]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">teste</emphasis>
G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 59),
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A21F554FC82CA20AE4BF9B6" author="Annandale" box="[893,1151,1550,1575]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Annandale, N. (1920 a) The apple-snails of Siam. Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam, 4 (1), 1 - 24. [1 May; volume title page, front wrapper of issue 1]" type="journal article" year="1920" yearSuffix="a">Annandale (1920a: 5)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A21F554FB6ECA20AF52F9B6" author="Brandt" box="[1169,1382,1550,1575]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Brandt, R. A. M. (1974) The non-marine Mollusca of Thailand. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 105 (1 - 4), 1 - 423, pls. 1 - 30. [18 November; p. 1]" type="journal article" year="1974">Brandt (1974: 52)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A21F554FF68CA1CAB7AF9DA" author="Keawjam" box="[151,334,1586,1611]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Keawjam, R. S. (1986) The apple snails of Thailand: distribution, habitats and shell morphology. Malacological Review, 19, 61 - 81." type="journal article" year="1986">Keawjam (1986</bibRefCitation>
: 71, 1987: 69, 1990: 11), in
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A21F554FD75CA1CA88DF9DA" box="[650,697,1586,1611]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Pila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A21F554FD75CA1CA88DF9DA" box="[650,697,1586,1611]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Pila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, followed here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE957240A21F554FF68CA54AAC4F902" blockId="36.[151,1437,1658,1971]" box="[151,240,1658,1683]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A21F554FF68CA54AAC4F902" box="[151,240,1658,1683]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gradata">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A21F554FF68CA54AAC4F902" box="[151,240,1658,1683]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">gradata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C04AF0A21F554FF38CAB0AB44F96E" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE957240A21F554FF38CAB0AB44F96E" blockId="36.[151,1437,1658,1971]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB46700A0A21F554FF38CAB0AB44F96E" infered="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A21F554FF38CAB0A89EF926" ID-CoL="D83V" authority="Smith, 1881: 289" authorityName="Smith" authorityPageNumber="289" authorityYear="1881" box="[199,682,1694,1719]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gradata">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A21F554FF38CAB0AB80F926" box="[199,436,1694,1719]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Ampullaria gradata</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AF771350A21F554FE36CAB0A89EF926" author="Smith" box="[457,682,1694,1719]" page="289" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="1881">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A21F554FE36CAB0A850F926" author="Smith" box="[457,612,1694,1719]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Smith, E. A. (1881) On a collection of shells from Lakes Tanganyika and Nyassa and other localities in East Africa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, (2) [for 1881], 276 - 300, pls. 32 - 34. [August; Duncan 1937: 73] http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1881. tb 01290. x" type="journal article" year="1881">Smith, 1881</bibRefCitation>
: 289
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 33, figs. 22, 22a.
<emphasis id="B9228B360A21F554FC11CAB1AEA3F926" box="[1006,1175,1694,1719]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A21F554FC11CAB1AE16F927" box="[1006,1058,1695,1718]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
:
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A21F554FB4BCAB1AF2EF926" box="[1204,1306,1695,1719]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
: NHMUK 1880.12.20.120121 (2 spms.), NMW.Z.1981.118.00118 (1 spm.).
<emphasis id="B9228B360A21F554FC66CAEAAE18F94A" box="[921,1068,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A21F554FC66CAEAA9F9F94A" box="[921,973,1732,1755]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
—“Lake Nyassa and between it and the east coast”.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C04AF0A21F555FF38CB24AADFFF21" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE957240A21F554FF38CB24AAD8F822" blockId="36.[151,1437,1658,1971]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A21F554FF38CB24AB1DF8B2" box="[199,297,1802,1827]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Remarks</emphasis>
. Valid species,
<emphasis id="B9228B360A21F554FE20CB22A826F8B2" box="[479,530,1804,1827]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">teste</emphasis>
G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 59). Synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A21F554FBF7CB24AF2BF8B2" authority="Bourguignat" authorityName="Bourguignat" box="[1032,1311,1802,1827]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Meladomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="letourneuxi">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A21F554FBF7CB24AEBCF8B2" box="[1032,1160,1802,1827]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">letourneuxi</emphasis>
Bourguignat
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9228B360A21F554FAD2CB22AF55F8B2" box="[1325,1377,1804,1827]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">teste</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A21F554FA95CB24AB16F8D6" author="Pain" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Pain, T. (1963) Pila letourneuxi (Bourguignat), its synonymy and distribution. Journal of Conchology, 25 (4), 152 - 155, pl. 9. [3 April; first page (p. 137) of issue]" type="journal article" year="1963">
<collectingCountry id="F34117B40A21F554FA95CB24AFA8F8B2" box="[1386,1436,1802,1827]" name="Spain" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Pain</collectingCountry>
(1963: 153)
</bibRefCitation>
. Use of the term “named form” by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A21F554FD2CCB01A944F8D6" author="Brown" box="[723,880,1839,1863]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Brown, D. S. (1980) Freshwater snails of Africa and their medical importance. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, x + 487 pp." type="book" year="1980">Brown (1980</bibRefCitation>
: 45, 1994: 54) was probably intended to mean synonymy, but is not explicit; however,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A21F554FDA7CB7DA914F8FA" author="Brown" box="[600,800,1874,1899]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Brown, D. S. (1980) Freshwater snails of Africa and their medical importance. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, x + 487 pp." type="book" year="1980">Brown (1980: 45)</bibRefCitation>
stated that neither
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A21F554FC09CB7CAE7BF8FA" box="[1014,1103,1874,1899]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gradata">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A21F554FC09CB7CAE7BF8FA" box="[1014,1103,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">gradata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nor
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A21F554FB7DCB7CAF35F8FA" box="[1154,1281,1874,1899]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Meladomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="letourneuxi">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A21F554FB7DCB7CAF35F8FA" box="[1154,1281,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">letourneuxi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seem distinct from
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A21F554FF2BCB59AB5FF81E" authority="Olivier" authorityName="Olivier" box="[212,363,1910,1935]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ovata">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A21F554FF2BCB59AB26F81F" box="[212,274,1911,1934]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">ovata</emphasis>
Olivier
</taxonomicName>
, which is here considered as synonymizing them. Therefore treated here as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A21F554FAA1CB59AAD8F822" authority="Olivier." authorityName="Olivier." class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ovata">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A21F554FAA1CB59AFA8F81F" box="[1374,1436,1911,1934]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">ovata</emphasis>
Olivier.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE957240A20F555FF68CCB7AADFFF21" blockId="37.[151,1436,153,320]" box="[151,235,153,176]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FF68CCB7AADFFF21" box="[151,235,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">gruneri</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C04AF0A20F555FF38CC92ABE9FF69" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE957240A20F555FF38CC92ABE9FF69" blockId="37.[151,1436,153,320]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB46700A0A20F555FF38CC92ABE9FF69" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A20F555FF38CC92A8A1FF45" ID-CoL="c36956c8-f981-48bf-8605-cac487346cce" authority="Gruneri Philippi, 1852b: 24" authorityName="Gruneri Philippi" authorityPageNumber="24" authorityYear="1852" box="[199,661,188,213]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FF38CC92AB9FFF45" box="[199,427,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Ampullaria Gruneri</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AF771350A20F555FE49CC92A8A1FF45" author="Philippi" box="[438,661,188,213]" page="24" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1852">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FE49CC92A85FFF44" author="Philippi" box="[438,619,188,213]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Philippi, R. A. (1852 b) Centuria quinta testaceorum novorum. (Contin.) Zeitschrift fur Malakozoologie, 9 (2), 20 - 29. [25 March; p. 32]" type="journal article" year="1852" yearSuffix="b">Philippi, 1852b</bibRefCitation>
: 24
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[1852a: 37, pl. 9, fig. 8].
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FC30CC93AE5FFF44" box="[975,1131,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FC30CC93AE36FF45" box="[975,1026,189,212]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
—location unknown.
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FA98CC93AADFFF69" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FA98CC93AFADFF45" box="[1383,1433,189,212]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
—[no locality given].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C04AF0A20F555FF38CD2AAB16FE19" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE957240A20F555FF38CD2AA9BCFED1" blockId="37.[151,1436,153,320]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FF38CD2AAB1DFE8C" box="[199,297,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Remarks</emphasis>
. From
<collectingCountry id="F34117B40A20F555FE75CD2AA834FE8C" box="[394,512,260,285]" name="Cambodia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FDEDCD2BA872FE8D" box="[530,582,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">teste</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FDABCD2AA975FE8D" author="Gaudion" box="[596,833,260,285]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Gaudion, H. (1880) Liste alphabetique des especes du genre Ampullaria de Lamarck. Bulletin de la Societe d'Etude des Sciences naturelles de Beziers, 4 [for 1879], 20 - 43. [1880 on title page of volume]" type="journal article" year="1880">Gaudion (1880: 31)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FC79CD2AAE53FE8D" author="Paetel" box="[902,1127,260,285]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Paetel, F. (1887 - 1888) Catalog der Conchylien-Sammlung von Fr. Paetel. Vierte Neubearbeitung. Erste Abtheilung: die Cephalopoden, Pteropoden und Meeres-Gastropoden. Gebruder Paetel, Berlin, [i] + 16 + 639 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10575" type="book" year="1887">Paetel (1887: 479)</bibRefCitation>
. Synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A20F555FAE6CD2AAB35FED1" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ampullacea">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FAE6CD2AAFA8FE8C" box="[1305,1436,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">ampullacea</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FEF3CD07AB0BFED1" box="[268,319,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">teste</emphasis>
G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 56) and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FD47CD09A9B0FED1" author="Brandt" box="[696,900,295,320]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Brandt, R. A. M. (1974) The non-marine Mollusca of Thailand. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 105 (1 - 4), 1 - 423, pls. 1 - 30. [18 November; p. 1]" type="journal article" year="1974">Brandt (1974: 49)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE957240A20F555FF68CD41AB16FE19" blockId="37.[151,1436,367,752]" box="[151,290,367,392]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FF68CD41AB16FE19" box="[151,290,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">incrassatula</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C04AF0A20F555FF38CDBAAE75FE41" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE957240A20F555FF38CDBAAE75FE41" blockId="37.[151,1436,367,752]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A20F555FF38CDBAABECFE3D" ID-CoL="D83T" authority="Var." authorityName="Var." box="[199,472,404,429]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="globosa">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FF38CDBAAB92FE3C" box="[199,422,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Ampullaria globosa</emphasis>
Var.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FE1ECDBAA858FE3C" box="[481,620,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">incrassatula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FD8DCDBAA936FE3D" author="Nevill" box="[626,770,404,429]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Nevill, G. (1877) Catalogue of Mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Fasciculus E. Indian Museum, Calcutta, [iv] + 42 pp. [after 1 July; prefatory note]" type="book" year="1877">Nevill, 1877</bibRefCitation>
: 4.
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FCD6CDBBA9F5FE3C" box="[809,961,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FCD6CDBBA96FFE3D" box="[809,859,405,428]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FC1FCDBAAE73FE3C" box="[992,1095,404,429]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FBAACDBAAA91FE41" author="Prashad" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Prashad, B. (1925) Revision of the Indian Ampullariidae. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 8 (2), 69 - 89, pls. 13 - 15. [May; title page of issue]" type="journal article" year="1925">Prashad 1925: 74, pl. 13, fig. 8</bibRefCitation>
): NZSI 2399;
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FEB6CD99ABDBFE41" box="[329,495,439,464]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
: NZSI 25083/5 (8 spms.).
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FCE8CD97A993FE41" box="[791,935,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FCE8CD97A97FFE41" box="[791,843,441,464]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
—“Calcutta”.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C04AF0A20F555FF38CDF2AAE0FCA0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE957240A20F555FF38CDF2A90BFD61" blockId="37.[151,1436,367,752]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FF38CDF2AB1DFE64" box="[199,297,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Remarks</emphasis>
. The original description was based on a series of
<specimenCount id="9D509CAD0A20F555FC9ECDF2A9CDFE64" box="[865,1017,476,501]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="generic">14 specimens</specimenCount>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FBCFCDF2AFA8FE65" author="Prashad" box="[1072,1436,476,501]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Prashad, B. (1925) Revision of the Indian Ampullariidae. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 8 (2), 69 - 89, pls. 13 - 15. [May; title page of issue]" type="journal article" year="1925">Prashad (1925: 74, pl. 13, fig. 9)</bibRefCitation>
subsequently unambiguously selected one of these
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FD1BCE2EA972FD89" box="[740,838,512,536]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
to act as the unique name-bearing
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FB1ECE2EAF25FD89" box="[1249,1297,512,536]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">type</typeStatus>
(
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FADBCDD1AF6BFD89" box="[1316,1375,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Code</emphasis>
, Art. 74.5), thereby designating the
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FE12CE0AA863FDAC" box="[493,599,548,573]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
. In 2014, in addition to the
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FC70CE0AA9CDFDAC" box="[911,1017,548,573]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, 8 spms. (
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FB96CE0AAF3BFDAC" box="[1129,1295,548,573]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
) were found in NZSI; the location of the other five is not known. The
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FCE0CE66A97BFDF1" box="[799,847,584,608]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">type</typeStatus>
locality was restricted to Calcutta by designation of the
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FF3CCE42AB1AFD14" box="[195,302,620,645]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
. Other localities (of
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FDE1CE42A8F6FD14" box="[542,706,620,645]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
) given by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FCBECE42A9CEFD15" author="Nevill" box="[833,1018,620,645]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Nevill, G. (1877) Catalogue of Mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Fasciculus E. Indian Museum, Calcutta, [iv] + 42 pp. [after 1 July; prefatory note]" type="book" year="1877">Nevill (1877: 4)</bibRefCitation>
were “Dum-Dum” (see also
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FAB0CE42AAE7FD39" author="Nevill" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Nevill, G. (1885) Hand list of Mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Part II. Gastropoda. Prosobranchia-Neurobranchia (contd.). Indian Museum, Calcutta, x + 306 pp. [after 25 January; preface]" type="book" year="1885">Nevill, 1885</bibRefCitation>
: 2) and “at the village of Koakally, close to Dum-Dum”. Variety of
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A20F555FC17CEA1AE8FFD39" authority="Swainson" authorityName="Swainson" box="[1000,1211,655,680]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="globosa">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FC17CEA1AE75FD39" box="[1000,1089,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">globosa</emphasis>
Swainson
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FB37CEBFAEC8FD39" box="[1224,1276,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">teste</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FAFACEA1AAF8FD5D" author="Paetel" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Paetel, F. (1887 - 1888) Catalog der Conchylien-Sammlung von Fr. Paetel. Vierte Neubearbeitung. Erste Abtheilung: die Cephalopoden, Pteropoden und Meeres-Gastropoden. Gebruder Paetel, Berlin, [i] + 16 + 639 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10575" type="book" year="1887">Paetel (1887: 479)</bibRefCitation>
, G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 59),
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FDDDCE9BA8C2FD5D" author="Preston" box="[546,758,692,717]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Preston, H. B. (1915) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mollusca. (Freshwater Gastropoda &amp; Pelecypoda). Taylor and Francis, London, xiv + 244 pp. [March; cover page]" type="book" year="1915">Preston (1915: 97)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FCFECE9AA9E2FD5D" author="Prashad" box="[769,982,692,717]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Prashad, B. (1925) Revision of the Indian Ampullariidae. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 8 (2), 69 - 89, pls. 13 - 15. [May; title page of issue]" type="journal article" year="1925">Prashad (1925: 71)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FBF2CE9AAEE0FD5D" author="Subba" box="[1037,1236,692,717]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Subba Rao, N. V. (1989) Handbook freshwater molluscs of India. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, xxiii + 289 pp., 98 unnumbered pls. [September; p. ii]" type="book" year="1989">
Subba
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FBA5CE9BAEE0FD5D" author="Rao" box="[1114,1236,692,716]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Subba Rao, N. V. (1989) Handbook freshwater molluscs of India. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, xxiii + 289 pp., 98 unnumbered pls. [September; p. ii]" type="book" year="1989">Rao (1989</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
: 58). Synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A20F555FF68CEF9AB52FD61" authority="Swainson" authorityName="Swainson" box="[151,358,727,752]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="globosa">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FF68CEF9AAC4FD61" box="[151,240,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">globosa</emphasis>
Swainson
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FE8ECEF7AB91FD61" box="[369,421,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">teste</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FE53CEF9A8A5FD61" author="Prashad" box="[428,657,727,752]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Prashad, B. (1923) Revision of Kobelt's nomenclature of the Indian Ampullariidae. Journal and Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, New Series, 18 (10 [for 1922]), 585 - 591 [30 November; p. 591]" type="journal article" year="1923">Prashad (1923: 587)</bibRefCitation>
, followed here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE957240A20F555FF68CF34AAE0FCA0" blockId="37.[151,1436,794,962]" box="[151,212,794,817]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A20F555FF68CF34AAE0FCA0" box="[151,212,794,817]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inops">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FF68CF34AAE0FCA0" box="[151,212,794,817]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">inops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C04AF0A20F555FF38CF13ABA0FBC3" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE957240A20F555FF38CF13A98BFC53" blockId="37.[151,1436,794,962]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB46700A0A20F555FF38CF13A98BFC53" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A20F555FF38CF13A8BCFCC7" ID-CoL="2bf0f6bb-a51c-4ef0-817f-506d22830e09" authority="Morelet, 1851: 220" authorityName="Morelet" authorityPageNumber="220" authorityYear="1851" box="[199,648,829,854]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inops">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FF38CF13ABA6FCC4" box="[199,402,829,854]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Ampullaria inops</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AF771350A20F555FE60CF13A8BCFCC7" author="Morelet" box="[415,648,829,854]" page="220" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1851">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FE60CF13A87DFCC7" author="Morelet" box="[415,585,829,854]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Morelet, A. (1851) Testacea Africae insularis a Cl. Vesco collecta. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee, 2 e serie, 3 (5), 218 - 221. [May issue]" type="journal article" year="1851">Morelet, 1851</bibRefCitation>
: 220
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FD65CF10A90EFCC7" box="[666,826,829,854]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FD65CF10A8FAFCC4" box="[666,718,830,853]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FCA5CF10A98AFCC7" box="[858,958,830,854]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
: NHMUK 1893.6.30.130132 (3 spms., labelled “
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FEFCCF4FAB60FCEB" box="[259,340,865,890]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">cecillei</emphasis>
”).
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FE88CF4CA833FCEB" box="[375,519,865,890]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FE88CF4CAB9FFCE8" box="[375,427,866,889]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
—“palustria ad orientem insulae
<collectingCountry id="F34117B40A20F555FC8CCF4FA9C9FCEB" box="[883,1021,865,890]" name="Madagascar" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
” [swamps in eastern
<collectingCountry id="F34117B40A20F555FB14CF4FAF4DFCEB" box="[1259,1401,865,890]" name="Madagascar" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
].
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FF38CFABAB1DFC0F" box="[199,297,901,926]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Remarks</emphasis>
. Synonym of
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FE37CFABA82DFC0F" box="[456,537,901,926]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">cecillei</emphasis>
Philippi,
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FD78CFA8A88EFC0C" box="[647,698,902,925]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">teste</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AF771350A20F555FD3DCFABA99CFC0F" author="Alderson" box="[706,936,901,926]" page="92" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1925">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FD3DCFABA99CFC0F" author="Alderson" box="[706,936,901,926]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Alderson, E. G. (1925) Studies in Ampullaria. Heffer, Cambridge, xx + 102 pp., 19 pls." type="book" year="1925">Alderson (1925: 92)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
,
<treatmentCitation id="0AF771350A20F555FC4BCFABAEFCFC0F" author="Starmuhlner" box="[948,1224,901,926]" page="119" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1969">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FC4BCFABAEFCFC0F" author="Starmuhlner" box="[948,1224,901,926]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Starmuhlner, F. (1969) Ergebnisse der Osterreichischen Madagaskar-Expedition 1958. Die Gastropoden der Madagassischen Binnengewasser. Schale, Makro- und Mikroanatomie des Weichkorpers, Lebensraum und geographische Verbreitung. Malacologia, 8 (1 - 2), 1 - 434. [October; Malacologia 11 (2): inside back cover]" type="journal article" year="1969">Starmühlner (1969: 119)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
and
<treatmentCitation id="0AF771350A20F555FB00CFA8AA8BFC53" author="Brown" page="57" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FB00CFA8AA8BFC53" author="Brown" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Brown, D. S. (1994) Freshwater snails of Africa and their medical importance. Second edition. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, x + 608 + [1] pp." type="journal article" year="1994">Brown (1994: 57)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, followed here.
<treatmentCitation id="0AF771350A20F555FE8CCF87A862FC53" author="Alderson" box="[371,598,937,962]" page="92" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1925">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FE8CCF87A862FC53" author="Alderson" box="[371,598,937,962]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Alderson, E. G. (1925) Studies in Ampullaria. Heffer, Cambridge, xx + 102 pp., 19 pls." type="book" year="1925">Alderson (1925: 92)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
discussed the locality Nossi-bé.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE957240A20F555FF68CFDCAACCFB98" blockId="37.[151,1436,1010,1322]" box="[151,248,1010,1033]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A20F555FF68CFDCAACCFB98" box="[151,248,1010,1033]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Pachylabra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="javanica">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FF68CFDCAACCFB98" box="[151,248,1010,1033]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">javanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE957240A20F555FF38C83BABA0FBC3" blockId="37.[151,1436,1010,1322]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A20F555FF38C83BA855FBBF" ID-CoL="c36956c8-f981-48bf-8605-cac487346cce" authority="Javanica Reeve, 1856" authorityName="Javanica Reeve" authorityYear="1856" box="[199,609,1045,1070]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FF38C83BAB82FBBC" box="[199,438,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Ampullaria Javanica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FE3FC838A855FBBF" author="Reeve" box="[448,609,1045,1070]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Reeve, L. [A.] (1856) Monograph of the genus Ampullaria. In: Reeve, L. [A.], Conchologia Iconica: or, illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals. Vol. X. Lovell Reeve, London, pls. 1 - 28. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8129" type="book chapter" year="1856" yearSuffix="c">Reeve, 1856c</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: pl. 20, fig. 96.
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FCDDC838A9F4FBBF" box="[802,960,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FCDDC838A962FBBC" box="[802,854,1046,1069]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FC21C838AE03FBBF" box="[990,1079,1046,1070]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
: NHMUK 20140836 (1 spm.).
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FF68C814AB12FBC3" box="[151,294,1081,1106]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FF68C814AAFFFBC0" box="[151,203,1082,1105]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
—“Java”.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C04AF0A20F555FF38C873AAC5FAE0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE957240A20F555FF38C873A8E5FABB" blockId="37.[151,1436,1010,1322]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FF38C873AB1DFBE7" box="[199,297,1117,1142]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FEC3C873A81FFBE7" author="Prashad" box="[316,555,1117,1142]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Prashad, B. (1923) Revision of Kobelt's nomenclature of the Indian Ampullariidae. Journal and Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, New Series, 18 (10 [for 1922]), 585 - 591 [30 November; p. 591]" type="journal article" year="1923">Prashad (1923: 590)</bibRefCitation>
referred to “the
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FD04C870A919FBE7" box="[763,813,1118,1142]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">type</typeStatus>
” without providing explicit details of its identity or whereabouts, although it can be inferred from his publication that it was in NHMUK. This is not considered a valid
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FF68C88BAACAFB2F" box="[151,254,1189,1214]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
fixation and the specimen is therefore treated here as a
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FC6CC888A9DEFB2F" box="[915,1002,1190,1214]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
(
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FC01C88BAE0DFB2F" box="[1022,1081,1189,1214]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Code</emphasis>
, Rec. 73F). Variety of
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A20F555FAB4C888AB35FB70" authority="Mousson" authorityName="Mousson" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Pila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scutata">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FAB4C888AFA8FB2C" box="[1355,1436,1190,1213]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">scutata</emphasis>
Mousson
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FEF3C8E4AB74FB70" box="[268,320,1226,1249]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">teste</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FEB7C8E7A81FFB73" author="Gaudion" box="[328,555,1225,1250]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Gaudion, H. (1880) Liste alphabetique des especes du genre Ampullaria de Lamarck. Bulletin de la Societe d'Etude des Sciences naturelles de Beziers, 4 [for 1879], 20 - 43. [1880 on title page of volume]" type="journal article" year="1880">Gaudion (1880: 32)</bibRefCitation>
. Variety of
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A20F555FD50C8E4A973FB73" authority="Wood" authorityName="Wood" box="[687,839,1225,1250]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="conica">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FD50C8E4A8CEFB70" box="[687,762,1226,1249]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">conica</emphasis>
Wood
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FCACC8E4A9B3FB70" box="[851,903,1226,1249]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">teste</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FC71C8E7AE73FB73" author="Nevill" box="[910,1095,1225,1250]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Nevill, G. (1885) Hand list of Mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Part II. Gastropoda. Prosobranchia-Neurobranchia (contd.). Indian Museum, Calcutta, x + 306 pp. [after 25 January; preface]" type="book" year="1885">Nevill (1885: 5)</bibRefCitation>
, G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 58),
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FF68C8C3AB49FA97" author="Prashad" box="[151,381,1261,1286]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Prashad, B. (1923) Revision of Kobelt's nomenclature of the Indian Ampullariidae. Journal and Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, New Series, 18 (10 [for 1922]), 585 - 591 [30 November; p. 591]" type="journal article" year="1923">Prashad (1923: 590)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FE49C8C3A894FA97" author="Alderson" box="[438,672,1261,1286]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Alderson, E. G. (1925) Studies in Ampullaria. Heffer, Cambridge, xx + 102 pp., 19 pls." type="book" year="1925">Alderson (1925: 78)</bibRefCitation>
. Synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A20F555FCBFC8C0AE36FA94" authority="Mousson" authorityName="Mousson" box="[832,1026,1262,1285]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Pila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scutata">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FCBFC8C0A9A5FA94" box="[832,913,1262,1285]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">scutata</emphasis>
Mousson
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FBF0C8C0AE77FA94" box="[1039,1091,1262,1285]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">teste</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FBB4C8C3AF2EFA97" author="Brandt" box="[1099,1306,1261,1286]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Brandt, R. A. M. (1974) The non-marine Mollusca of Thailand. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 105 (1 - 4), 1 - 423, pls. 1 - 30. [18 November; p. 1]" type="journal article" year="1974">Brandt (1974: 52)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FAD9C8C0AAE8FABB" author="Low" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Low, M. E. Y., Tan, S. K. &amp; Ng, T. H. (2013) Pila conica (Wood, 1828), or Pila scutata (Mousson, 1848)? The correct name for the native apple snail of Singapore (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae). Nature in Singapore, 6, 55 - 60. [4 April; p. 55]" type="journal article" year="2013">
Low
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FA9DC8C0AFA1FA97" box="[1378,1429,1261,1286]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
. (2013
</bibRefCitation>
: 56) and Ng
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FE93C93CABA9FABB" box="[364,413,1297,1322]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
. (2014: 34), followed here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE957240A20F555FF68C974AAC5FAE0" blockId="37.[151,1437,1370,1790]" box="[151,241,1370,1393]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A20F555FF68C974AAC5FAE0" box="[151,241,1370,1393]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="ampullacea" variety="javensis">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FF68C974AAC5FAE0" box="[151,241,1370,1393]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">javensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C04AF0A20F555FF38C953ABE3F9B7" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE957240A20F555FF38C953ABE3F9B7" blockId="37.[151,1437,1370,1790]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB46700A0A20F555FF38C953ABE3F9B7" infered="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A20F555FF38C953A904FA07" ID-CoL="7V4RT" authority="Nevill, 1885: 6" authorityName="Nevill" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1885" box="[199,816,1405,1430]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="ampullacea" variety="javensis">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FF38C953A85BFA04" box="[199,623,1405,1430]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Ampullaria ampullacea var. javensis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AF771350A20F555FD84C953A904FA07" author="Nevill" box="[635,816,1405,1430]" page="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1885">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FD84C953A924FA07" author="Nevill" box="[635,784,1405,1430]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Nevill, G. (1885) Hand list of Mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Part II. Gastropoda. Prosobranchia-Neurobranchia (contd.). Indian Museum, Calcutta, x + 306 pp. [after 25 January; preface]" type="book" year="1885">Nevill, 1885</bibRefCitation>
: 6
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FCBFC950A9E9FA07" box="[832,989,1405,1430]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FCBFC950A946FA04" box="[832,882,1406,1429]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FC05C950AE54FA07" box="[1018,1120,1406,1430]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
: NZSI (1 spm.), the shells illustrated as
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A20F555FED3C98FABABFA2B" ID-CoL="7Q2VC" box="[300,415,1441,1466]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="celebensis">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FED3C98FABABFA2B" box="[300,415,1441,1466]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">celebensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FE37C98CA9F8FA2B" author="Mousson" box="[456,972,1441,1466]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Mousson, A. (1849) Land- und Susswasser-Mollusken von Java. Verlag von Friedrich Schulthess, Zurich, iv + 126 pp., 22 pls. [title page dated 1849; September 1848 or later; p. iv]" type="book" year="1849">Mousson (1849: pl. 9 [as “pl. I”; error], fig. 1)</bibRefCitation>
[not found in MNHN or ZMZ (cf.
<treatmentCitation id="0AF771350A20F555FAAAC98CAB25FA4F" author="Dance" page="220" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1986">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FAAAC98CAAE7FA4F" author="Dance" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Dance, S. P. (1986) A history of shell collecting. E. J. Brill / Dr. W. Backhuys, Leiden, xv + 265 pp., 32 pls. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3366 / anh. 1989.16.2.230" type="book" year="1986">Dance 1986</bibRefCitation>
: 220
</treatmentCitation>
)] and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FEA0C9EBA8F2FA4F" author="Philippi" box="[351,710,1477,1502]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Philippi, R. A. (1852 b) Centuria quinta testaceorum novorum. (Contin.) Zeitschrift fur Malakozoologie, 9 (2), 20 - 29. [25 March; p. 32]" type="journal article" year="1852" yearSuffix="a">Philippi (1852a: pl. 19, fig. 3)</bibRefCitation>
[possibly MNHNCL 15948 (1 spm., old number 61.061, see
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A20F555FF68C9C7AB3EF993" ID-CoL="7Q2VC" box="[151,266,1513,1538]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="celebensis">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FF68C9C7AB3EF993" box="[151,266,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">celebensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)],
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FED5C9C4AB60F990" box="[298,340,1514,1537]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">non</emphasis>
Quoy &amp; Gaimard.
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FDD4C9C4A88DF993" box="[555,697,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FDD4C9C4A86BF990" box="[555,607,1514,1537]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
—“Pardana”, “Java” (
<treatmentCitation id="0AF771350A20F555FC51C9C4AEB7F993" author="Mousson" box="[942,1155,1513,1538]" page="59" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1849">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FC51C9C4AEB7F993" author="Mousson" box="[942,1155,1513,1538]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Mousson, A. (1849) Land- und Susswasser-Mollusken von Java. Verlag von Friedrich Schulthess, Zurich, iv + 126 pp., 22 pls. [title page dated 1849; September 1848 or later; p. iv]" type="book" year="1849">Mousson 1849: 59</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
), “Java” (
<treatmentCitation id="0AF771350A20F555FB10C9C7AA82F9B7" author="Philippi" page="60" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1852">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FB10C9C7AA82F9B7" author="Philippi" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Philippi, R. A. (1852 b) Centuria quinta testaceorum novorum. (Contin.) Zeitschrift fur Malakozoologie, 9 (2), 20 - 29. [25 March; p. 32]" type="journal article" year="1852" yearSuffix="a">Philippi 1852a: 60</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
), “Java” (
<treatmentCitation id="0AF771350A20F555FEDCCA23ABFDF9B7" author="Nevill" box="[291,457,1549,1574]" page="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1885">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FEDCCA23ABFDF9B7" author="Nevill" box="[291,457,1549,1574]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Nevill, G. (1885) Hand list of Mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Part II. Gastropoda. Prosobranchia-Neurobranchia (contd.). Indian Museum, Calcutta, x + 306 pp. [after 25 January; preface]" type="book" year="1885">Nevill 1885: 6</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C04AF0A20F555FF38CA1FAB2DF8D1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE957240A20F555FF38CA1FA9FBF96F" blockId="37.[151,1437,1370,1790]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FF38CA1FAB1DF9DB" box="[199,297,1585,1610]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Remarks</emphasis>
. The NZSI specimen is labelled “subcelebensis” a name that has never been published. In his original description of
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A20F555FEC1CA78A857F9FF" authority="Nevill (1885: 6)" authorityName="Nevill" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1885" box="[318,611,1621,1646]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="ampullacea" variety="javensis">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FEC1CA78ABACF9FC" box="[318,408,1622,1645]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">javensis</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FE56CA7BA857F9FF" author="Nevill" box="[425,611,1621,1646]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Nevill, G. (1885) Hand list of Mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Part II. Gastropoda. Prosobranchia-Neurobranchia (contd.). Indian Museum, Calcutta, x + 306 pp. [after 25 January; preface]" type="book" year="1885">Nevill (1885: 6)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
said that this was
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A20F555FCC1CA7BA985F9FF" box="[830,945,1621,1646]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="celebensis">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FCC1CA7BA985F9FF" box="[830,945,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">celebensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of Mousson and of Philippi (
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FAF4CA78AF01F9FC" box="[1291,1333,1622,1645]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">non</emphasis>
Quoy &amp; Gaimard) and that it had a less produced spire than true
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A20F555FCF4CA57A94AF903" box="[779,894,1657,1682]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="celebensis">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FCF4CA57A94AF903" box="[779,894,1657,1682]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">celebensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. So the name “subcelebensis” makes sense. The dimensions of the NZSI specimen match those given by Nevill (
<quantity id="4CAEFAC10A20F555FC9DCAB3A985F924" box="[866,945,1693,1718]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="63.0">63 mm</quantity>
high,
<quantity id="4CAEFAC10A20F555FC08CAB3AE72F924" box="[1015,1094,1693,1718]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="56.0">56 mm</quantity>
wide) for his specimen, which is therefore here considered a
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FE0BCAECA87FF94B" box="[500,587,1730,1754]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A20F555FD8ACAECA9AEF94B" authority="Nevill. Synonym" authorityName="Nevill. Synonym" box="[629,922,1729,1754]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="ampullacea" variety="javensis">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FD8ACAECA8FBF948" box="[629,719,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">javensis</emphasis>
Nevill. Synonym
</taxonomicName>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A20F555FC3ACAEFAE8FF94B" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[965,1211,1729,1754]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ampullacea">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FC3ACAEFAE7CF94B" box="[965,1096,1729,1754]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">ampullacea</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FB37CAECAEC8F948" box="[1224,1276,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">teste</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FAFBCAEFAB44F96F" author="Paetel" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Paetel, F. (1887 - 1888) Catalog der Conchylien-Sammlung von Fr. Paetel. Vierte Neubearbeitung. Erste Abtheilung: die Cephalopoden, Pteropoden und Meeres-Gastropoden. Gebruder Paetel, Berlin, [i] + 16 + 639 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10575" type="book" year="1887">
Paetel (1887: 479; as “
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A20F555FF05CAC8AB6EF96C" box="[250,346,1766,1789]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Pachylabra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="javanica">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FF05CAC8AB6EF96C" box="[250,346,1766,1789]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">javanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”)
</bibRefCitation>
and of
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A20F555FE3ACAC8A8ACF96F" authority="Philippi" authorityName="Philippi" box="[453,664,1765,1790]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="magnifica">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FE3ACAC8A801F96F" box="[453,565,1766,1790]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">magnifica</emphasis>
Philippi
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FD5CCAC8A8E3F96C" box="[675,727,1766,1789]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">teste</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FD22CAC8A9FFF96F" author="Boettger" box="[733,971,1765,1790]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Boettger, O. (1890) Ad. Strubell's Konchylien aus Java I. Berichte uber die Senckenbergische naturforschende gesellschaft in Frankfurt am Main, [for 1890], 137 - 173, pls. 5 - 6. [June 1890; printed date of volume. Before 18 October; receipt date written and stamped on MCZ copy]" type="journal article" year="1890">Boettger (1890: 155)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE957240A20F555FF68CB06AB2DF8D1" blockId="37.[151,1436,1831,2037]" box="[151,281,1831,1856]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
+
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FF52CB09AB2DF8D1" bold="true" box="[173,281,1831,1856]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">koleensis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C04AF0A20F555FF38CB62AB93F864" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE957240A20F555FF38CB62AB93F864" blockId="37.[151,1436,1831,2037]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB46700A0A20F555FF38CB62AB93F864" infered="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A20F555FF38CB62A88CF8F5" authority="Venmans, 1956: 141" authorityName="Venmans" authorityPageNumber="141" authorityYear="1956" box="[199,696,1868,1893]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Pila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="africana" subSpecies="koleensis">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FF38CB62ABFEF8F4" box="[199,458,1868,1893]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Pila africana koleensis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AF771350A20F555FE2FCB63A88CF8F5" author="Venmans" box="[464,696,1868,1893]" page="141" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1956">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FE2FCB63A8B5F8F4" author="Venmans" box="[464,641,1868,1893]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Venmans, L. W. A. C. (1956) A new subspecies of Pila africana (Martens). Journal of Conchology, 24 (4), 140 - 141, pl. 5. [30 July; cover and first page (p. 109) of issue]" type="journal article" year="1956">Venmans, 1956</bibRefCitation>
: 141
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 5.
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FCFBCB63A9A8F8F4" box="[772,924,1868,1893]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FCFBCB63A902F8F5" box="[772,822,1869,1892]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FC44CB62AE28F8F4" box="[955,1052,1868,1893]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
[by original designation]: RMNH 55392;
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FF14CB5EAB6FF819" box="[235,347,1904,1928]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
: RMNH 55393 (10 spms.), NMW.Z.1981.118.00134 (1 spm.), NMW.Z.1981.118.02916 (1 spm.).
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FF68CBBBAB13F83C" box="[151,295,1940,1965]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FF68CBBBAAFEF83D" box="[151,202,1941,1964]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
—“river basin of the Aruwimi in the neighbourhood of Kole, a small borough some
<quantity id="4CAEFAC10A20F555FB15CBBAAF01F83C" box="[1258,1333,1940,1965]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="km" value="80.0">80 km</quantity>
. north of Banalia in the
<collectingCountry id="F34117B40A20F555FEBACB96ABC0F841" box="[325,500,1976,2001]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Belgian Congo</collectingCountry>
” [
<collectingCountry id="F34117B40A20F555FDF0CB96A984F841" box="[527,944,1976,2001]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
].
<emphasis id="B9228B360A20F555FC3BCB96AE79F840" box="[964,1101,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Distribution</emphasis>
—only known from the
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A20F555FA93CB97AFA8F840" box="[1388,1436,1977,2001]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">type</typeStatus>
locality (
<treatmentCitation id="0AF771350A20F555FF06CBF2ABAFF864" author="Pain" box="[249,411,2012,2037]" page="25" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A20F555FF06CBF2ABAFF864" author="Pain" box="[249,411,2012,2037]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Pain, T. (1961) Revision of the African Ampullariidae species of the genus Pila Roding [sic] 1798 (Mesogastropoda, Architaenioglossa, Mollusca). Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale-Tervuren, Belgique, Annales - Serie in 8 ° - Sciences Zoologiques, 96, [1] - [29]. [May; p. [29 ]]" type="journal article" year="1961">
<collectingCountry id="F34117B40A20F555FF06CBF2AB18F864" box="[249,300,2012,2037]" name="Spain" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Pain</collectingCountry>
1961: 25
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C04AF0A23F556FF38CCB9AB3DFEAA" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE957240A23F556FF38CCB9A8C2FF69" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,248]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FF38CCB9AB04FF21" box="[199,304,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A23F556FEC8CCB6A855FF21" author="Venmans" box="[311,609,151,176]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Venmans, L. W. A. C. (1956) A new subspecies of Pila africana (Martens). Journal of Conchology, 24 (4), 140 - 141, pl. 5. [30 July; cover and first page (p. 109) of issue]" type="journal article" year="1956">Venmans (1956: 140141)</bibRefCitation>
listed the
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A23F556FD29CCB9A90CFF21" box="[726,824,151,176]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and 19
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A23F556FC6CCCB6AE35FF21" box="[915,1025,152,176]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, two of which were in the collection of T.
<collectingCountry id="F34117B40A23F556FF28CC92AB39FF44" box="[215,269,188,213]" name="Spain" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pain</collectingCountry>
. The RMNH specimens listed above are from Venmans and the NMW specimens are from
<collectingCountry id="F34117B40A23F556FAD1CC92AF50FF44" box="[1326,1380,188,213]" name="Spain" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pain</collectingCountry>
. The whereabouts of the other seven
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A23F556FE05CCCEA851FF69" box="[506,613,224,248]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
is unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE957240A23F556FF68CD0CAB3DFEAA" blockId="38.[151,1018,290,387]" box="[151,265,290,315]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A23F556FF68CD0CAB3DFEAA" box="[151,265,290,315]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kordofana">kordofana</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C04AF0A23F556FF38CD68AF23FD82" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE957240A23F556FF38CD68A9CEFE12" blockId="38.[151,1018,290,387]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB46700A0A23F556FF38CD68A9CEFE12" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A23F556FF38CD68A846FECE" ID-CoL="c36956c8-f981-48bf-8605-cac487346cce" authority="Kordofana Jay, 1850: 282" authorityName="Kordofana Jay" authorityPageNumber="282" authorityYear="1850" box="[199,626,326,351]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FF38CD68ABF1FECE" box="[199,453,326,351]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Ampullaria Kordofana</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AF771350A23F556FE33CD69A846FECE" author="Jay" box="[460,626,326,351]" page="282" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="1850">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A23F556FE33CD69A80EFECE" author="Jay" box="[460,570,326,351]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Jay, J. C. (1850) A catalogue of the shells, arranged according to the Lamarckian system, with their authorities, synonymes [sic], and references to works where figured or described, contained in the collection of John C. Jay, M. D. Fourth edition. [Publisher not indicated; printed by R. Craighead], New York, [1] + 459 + [1] pp. [December; date of Preface] http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13211" type="journal article" year="1850">Jay, 1850</bibRefCitation>
: 282
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Unavailable name:
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FCA9CD69A9B2FECF" box="[854,902,327,350]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">nom</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FC6ACD68A98BFECE" box="[917,959,326,351]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">nud</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FF38CD44AB1DFE12" box="[199,297,362,387]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Remarks</emphasis>
. Name attributed to Parreyss by Jay. Locality given as “Africa”.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE957240A23F556FF68CD9CAB3DFE5A" blockId="38.[151,1436,434,819]" box="[151,265,434,459]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A23F556FF68CD9CAB3DFE5A" ID-CoL="7Q2XM" box="[151,265,434,459]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kordofana">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FF68CD9CAB3DFE5A" box="[151,265,434,459]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">kordofana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE957240A23F556FF38CDF8AF23FD82" blockId="38.[151,1436,434,819]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB46700A0A23F556FF38CDF8AF23FD82" infered="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A23F556FF38CDF8A892FE7E" ID-CoL="c36956c8-f981-48bf-8605-cac487346cce" authority="Kordofana Philippi, 1852a: 44" authorityName="Kordofana Philippi" authorityPageNumber="44" authorityYear="1852" box="[199,678,470,495]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FF38CDF8ABF2FE7E" box="[199,454,470,495]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Ampullaria Kordofana</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AF771350A23F556FE32CDF8A892FE7E" author="Philippi" box="[461,678,470,495]" page="44" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="1852">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A23F556FE32CDF8A849FE7E" author="Philippi" box="[461,637,470,495]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Philippi, R. A. (1852 b) Centuria quinta testaceorum novorum. (Contin.) Zeitschrift fur Malakozoologie, 9 (2), 20 - 29. [25 March; p. 32]" type="journal article" year="1852" yearSuffix="a">Philippi, 1852a</bibRefCitation>
: 44
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 13, fig. 1.
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FCB4CDF9A9D0FE7E" box="[843,996,470,495]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A23F556FCB4CDF9A94BFE7F" box="[843,895,471,494]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
—possible
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A23F556FB9BCDF9AEFEFE7E" box="[1124,1226,471,495]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
: MNHNCL 15902 (1 spm., old number 61.072), SMF 344089 (2 spms., ex. Pareyss).
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FC7ECDD2AE24FD82" box="[897,1040,506,531]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A23F556FC7ECDD2A981FD82" box="[897,949,508,531]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
—“Kordofan” [
<collectingCountry id="F34117B40A23F556FB41CDD4AF38FD82" box="[1214,1292,506,531]" name="Sudan" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Sudan</collectingCountry>
].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C04AF0A23F556FF38CE30AB3FFAE2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE957240A23F556FF38CE30A97DFCA2" blockId="38.[151,1436,434,819]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FF38CE30AB1DFDA6" box="[199,297,542,567]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Remarks</emphasis>
. Name attributed to “Parreyss in lit.” by Philippi. The legend to the illustrations of Bourguignat (1864: pl. 11, figs. 12, 13) says “12 13
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A23F556FDABCE6CA979FDCA" box="[596,845,578,603]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kordofana">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FDABCE6CA979FDCA" box="[596,845,578,603]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Ampullaria kordofana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A23F556FCA2CE6DA9A7FDCA" box="[861,915,579,603]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
)”, with no explicit selection of one of the two specimens (the illustrations of which differ in size) as the “
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A23F556FCDACE49A96DFDEE" box="[805,857,615,639]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
” and no additional explanation of their provenance; this therefore does not constitute designation of a
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A23F556FD3CCEA4A91EFD32" box="[707,810,650,675]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FCC6CEA4A940FD32" box="[825,884,650,675]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Code</emphasis>
, Art. 74.5, 74.6), especially as Bourguignat often used the term “
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A23F556FEACCE81ABB3FD56" box="[339,391,687,711]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
” to mean “typical” (E. Neubert pers. comm.
<date id="FFE871E40A23F556FC4ACE80AEA9FD56" box="[949,1181,686,711]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2014-09-25">25 September 2014</date>
). Valid species,
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FA96CE81AFA8FD57" box="[1385,1436,687,710]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">teste</emphasis>
Bourguignat (1864: 78, 1879: 32, 1889: 167) and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A23F556FD14CEFCA9C6FD7A" author="Germain" box="[747,1010,722,747]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Germain, L. (1907 b) Essai sur la malacographie de l'Afrique equatoriale. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, Quatrieme Serie, 6 (4), 103 - 135. [15 March; p. 103]" type="journal article" year="1907" yearSuffix="b">Germain (1907b: 116)</bibRefCitation>
. Variety of
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A23F556FB7FCEFAAF2FFD7A" authority="Olivier" authorityName="Olivier" box="[1152,1307,722,747]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ovata">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FB7FCEFAAE8AFD7A" box="[1152,1214,724,747]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">ovata</emphasis>
Olivier
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FAD4CEFAAF6BFD7A" box="[1323,1375,724,747]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">teste</emphasis>
G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 60) and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A23F556FE2ECED8A883FC9E" author="Alderson" box="[465,695,758,783]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Alderson, E. G. (1925) Studies in Ampullaria. Heffer, Cambridge, xx + 102 pp., 19 pls." type="book" year="1925">Alderson (1925: 95)</bibRefCitation>
. Synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A23F556FCACCED9A9DDFC9E" authority="Olivier" authorityName="Olivier" box="[851,1001,758,783]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ovata">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FCACCED9A9A5FC9F" box="[851,913,759,782]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">ovata</emphasis>
Olivier
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FC0BCED9AE13FC9F" box="[1012,1063,759,782]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">teste</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A23F556FBD0CED8AF3AFC9E" author="Gaudion" box="[1071,1294,758,783]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Gaudion, H. (1880) Liste alphabetique des especes du genre Ampullaria de Lamarck. Bulletin de la Societe d'Etude des Sciences naturelles de Beziers, 4 [for 1879], 20 - 43. [1880 on title page of volume]" type="journal article" year="1880">Gaudion (1880: 35)</bibRefCitation>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34117B40A23F556FAE5CED8AF78FC9E" box="[1306,1356,758,783]" name="Spain" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pain</collectingCountry>
(1952: 286, 1961: 10) and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A23F556FE8ECF34A8AFFCA2" author="Mandahl-Barth" box="[369,667,794,819]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Mandahl-Barth, G. (1954) The freshwater mollusks of Uganda and adjacent territories. Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge Tervuren (Belgique), Serie in 8 °, Sciences Zoologiques, 32, 1 - [207]. [September; last, un-numbered page]" type="journal article" year="1954">Mandahl-Barth (1954: 40)</bibRefCitation>
, followed here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE957240A23F556FF68CF4CAACCFCEA" blockId="38.[151,1437,866,1107]" box="[151,248,866,891]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FF68CF4CAACCFCEA" box="[151,248,866,891]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">lacustris</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE957240A23F556FF38CFA8A971FC76" blockId="38.[151,1437,866,1107]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A23F556FF38CFA8ABDCFC0F" authority="Race" authorityName="Race" box="[199,488,902,927]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Pachylabra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="turbinis">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FF38CFA8AB9CFC0E" box="[199,424,902,927]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pachylabra turbinis</emphasis>
Race
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FE10CFA8A87BFC0E" box="[495,591,902,927]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">lacustris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A23F556FDA8CFA8A91CFC0E" author="Annandale" box="[599,808,902,927]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Annandale, N. (1920 a) The apple-snails of Siam. Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam, 4 (1), 1 - 24. [1 May; volume title page, front wrapper of issue 1]" type="journal article" year="1920" yearSuffix="a">Annandale, 1920a</bibRefCitation>
: 20.
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FCA2CFA9A9C2FC0E" box="[861,1014,902,927]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A23F556FCA2CFA9A9BBFC0F" box="[861,911,903,926]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A23F556FBEACFA8AE42FC0E" box="[1045,1142,902,927]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
[by original designation]: NZSI 11571/2 M; possible
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A23F556FE2BCF85A870FC52" box="[468,580,939,963]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
: NZSI 10511/2 (4 spms.).
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FC85CF82AE38FC52" box="[890,1036,938,963]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A23F556FC85CF82A99AFC52" box="[890,942,940,963]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
—“edge of the inner or freshwater region of the Tale Sap or Inland Sea of Singgora” [
<collectingCountry id="F34117B40A23F556FD31CFE0A90EFC76" box="[718,826,974,999]" name="Thailand" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Thailand</collectingCountry>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE957240A23F556FF38CFDCAB89FBC2" blockId="38.[151,1437,866,1107]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FF38CFDCAB1DFB9A" box="[199,297,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A23F556FEC9CFDCA855FB9A" author="Annandale" box="[310,609,1010,1035]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Annandale, N. (1920 a) The apple-snails of Siam. Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam, 4 (1), 1 - 24. [1 May; volume title page, front wrapper of issue 1]" type="journal article" year="1920" yearSuffix="a">Annandale (1920a: 2021)</bibRefCitation>
gave measurements for three specimens, but designated one as the “Typespecimen”. Race of
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A23F556FE7AC838A820FBBF" authority="Lea" authorityName="Lea" box="[389,532,1046,1071]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Pachylabra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="turbinis">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FE7AC838ABE8FBBE" box="[389,476,1046,1071]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">turbinis</emphasis>
Lea
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FDDBC839A86CFBBF" box="[548,600,1047,1070]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">teste</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A23F556FD9DC838A956FBBE" author="Annandale" box="[610,866,1046,1071]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Annandale, N. (1920 a) The apple-snails of Siam. Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam, 4 (1), 1 - 24. [1 May; volume title page, front wrapper of issue 1]" type="journal article" year="1920" yearSuffix="a">Annandale (1920a: 5)</bibRefCitation>
. Synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A23F556FBF5C838AF35FBBE" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[1034,1281,1046,1071]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ampullacea">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FBF5C838AEB9FBBE" box="[1034,1165,1046,1071]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">ampullacea</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FAEEC839AF71FBBF" box="[1297,1349,1047,1070]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">teste</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A23F556FAAFC838AB3AFBC2" author="Brandt" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Brandt, R. A. M. (1974) The non-marine Mollusca of Thailand. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 105 (1 - 4), 1 - 423, pls. 1 - 30. [18 November; p. 1]" type="journal article" year="1974">Brandt (1974: 50)</bibRefCitation>
, followed here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE957240A23F556FF68C8ACAB30FB0A" blockId="38.[151,1436,1154,1323]" box="[151,260,1154,1179]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FF68C8ACAB30FB0A" box="[151,260,1154,1179]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">lamellosa</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE957240A23F556FF38C888ABB0FB72" blockId="38.[151,1436,1154,1323]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB46700A0A23F556FF38C888ABB0FB72" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A23F556FF38C888AB83FB2F" ID-CoL="462ccc33-b051-47de-808a-565edd231bd5" authority="Var" authorityName="Var" box="[199,439,1190,1215]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ovata">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FF38C888ABBFFB2F" box="[199,395,1190,1215]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Ampullaria ovata</emphasis>
Var
</taxonomicName>
i ét é
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FE16C888A862FB2E" box="[489,598,1190,1215]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">lamellosa</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AF771350A23F556FDA3C888A909FB2E" author="Germain" box="[604,829,1190,1215]" page="323" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="1912">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A23F556FDA3C888A93DFB2E" author="Germain" box="[604,777,1190,1215]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Germain, L. (1912) Contributions a la faune malacologique de l'Afrique equatoriale. XXXIII Descriptions de mollusques nouveaux de l'Ile du Prince (Golfe de Guinee) et de l'Afrique occidentale. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 18 (5), 318 - 324. [after 30 May; date of the 133 rd reunion on the first page of the issue]" type="journal article" year="1912">Germain, 1912</bibRefCitation>
: 323
</treatmentCitation>
324, fig. 61.
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FC25C889AE40FB2E" box="[986,1140,1190,1215]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A23F556FC25C889AE3AFB2F" box="[986,1038,1191,1214]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
—location unknown.
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FA98C889AADFFB72" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A23F556FA98C889AFADFB2F" box="[1383,1433,1191,1214]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
—“Le
<collectingCountry id="F34117B40A23F556FEC7C8E4AB4EFB72" box="[312,378,1226,1251]" name="Niger" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Niger</collectingCountry>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE957240A23F556FF38C8C0AB58FABA" blockId="38.[151,1436,1154,1323]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FF38C8C0AB1DFA96" box="[199,297,1262,1287]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Remarks</emphasis>
. Valid species,
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FE24C8C1A83AFA97" box="[475,526,1263,1286]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">teste</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A23F556FDE8C8C0A9B6FA96" author="Pilsbry" box="[535,898,1262,1287]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Pilsbry, H. A. &amp; Bequaert, J. T. (1927) The aquatic mollusks of the Belgian Congo. With a geographical and ecological account of Congo malacology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 53 (2), 69 - 602, pls. 10 - 77. [9 May; cover of article]" type="journal article" year="1927">Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 182)</bibRefCitation>
. Synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A23F556FBDEC8C1AEE5FA96" authority="Philippi" authorityName="Philippi" box="[1057,1233,1262,1287]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="wernei">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FBDEC8C1AE59FA97" box="[1057,1133,1263,1286]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">wernei</emphasis>
Philippi
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FB22C8C1AF25FA97" box="[1245,1297,1263,1286]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">teste</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A23F556FAE7C8C0AA8AFABA" author="Pain" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Pain, T. (1961) Revision of the African Ampullariidae species of the genus Pila Roding [sic] 1798 (Mesogastropoda, Architaenioglossa, Mollusca). Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale-Tervuren, Belgique, Annales - Serie in 8 ° - Sciences Zoologiques, 96, [1] - [29]. [May; p. [29 ]]" type="journal article" year="1961">
<collectingCountry id="F34117B40A23F556FAE7C8C0AF7EFA96" box="[1304,1354,1262,1287]" name="Spain" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pain</collectingCountry>
(1961: 18)
</bibRefCitation>
, followed here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE957240A23F556FF68C974AB3FFAE2" blockId="38.[151,1437,1370,1719]" box="[151,267,1370,1395]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FF68C974AB3FFAE2" box="[151,267,1370,1395]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">largillierti</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C04AF0A23F556FF38C950AB0CFA4E" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE957240A23F556FF38C950AB0CFA4E" blockId="38.[151,1437,1370,1719]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB46700A0A23F556FF38C950AB0CFA4E" infered="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A23F556FF38C950A8F1FA06" ID-CoL="c36956c8-f981-48bf-8605-cac487346cce" authority="Largillierti Philippi, 1849a: 192" authorityName="Largillierti Philippi" authorityPageNumber="192" authorityYear="1849" box="[199,709,1406,1431]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FF38C950ABF9FA06" box="[199,461,1406,1431]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Ampullaria Largillierti</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AF771350A23F556FE27C950A8F1FA06" author="Philippi" box="[472,709,1406,1431]" page="192" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="1849">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A23F556FE27C950A8B8FA06" author="Philippi" box="[472,652,1406,1431]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Philippi, R. A. (1849 a) Centuria tertia testaceorum novorum (Contin.). Zeitschrift fur Malakozoologie, 5 (12 [for 1848]), 186 - 192. [April; p. 192]" type="journal article" year="1849" yearSuffix="a">Philippi, 1849a</bibRefCitation>
: 192
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[1852a: 46, pl. 13, fig. 5].
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FBEEC951AE99FA06" box="[1041,1197,1406,1431]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A23F556FBEEC951AE77FA07" box="[1041,1091,1407,1430]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
—possible
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A23F556FACDC951AFACFA06" box="[1330,1432,1407,1431]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
: MNHNCL 15889 (1 spm., possibly the figured spm.); MCZ 146108 (2 spms.).
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FB8AC98AAF39FA2A" box="[1141,1293,1442,1467]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A23F556FB8AC98AAE9DFA2A" box="[1141,1193,1444,1467]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
—“Nossibe” [
<collectingCountry id="F34117B40A23F556FF62C9E8AB1AFA4E" box="[157,302,1478,1503]" name="Madagascar" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C04AF0A23F556FF38C9C4AF56F926" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE957240A23F556FF38C9C4AF56F926" blockId="38.[151,1437,1370,1719]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FF38C9C4AB1DF992" box="[199,297,1514,1539]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Remarks</emphasis>
. The location of the
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A23F556FDD8C9C5A863F992" box="[551,599,1515,1539]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
locality is ambiguous. Nossi-bé (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A23F556FC1CC9C4AE89F992" author="Philippi" box="[995,1213,1514,1539]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Philippi, R. A. (1852 b) Centuria quinta testaceorum novorum. (Contin.) Zeitschrift fur Malakozoologie, 9 (2), 20 - 29. [25 March; p. 32]" type="journal article" year="1852" yearSuffix="a">Philippi 1852a: 47</bibRefCitation>
) is an island (now known as
<collectingCountry id="F34117B40A23F556FEEFCA21AB7FF9B6" box="[272,331,1551,1575]" name="Iceland" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Nosy</collectingCountry>
Be) off the northwest coast of
<collectingCountry id="F34117B40A23F556FD3DCA20A97FF9B6" box="[706,843,1550,1575]" name="Madagascar" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
. However,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A23F556FC2ECA20AE88F9B6" author="Alderson" box="[977,1212,1550,1575]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Alderson, E. G. (1925) Studies in Ampullaria. Heffer, Cambridge, xx + 102 pp., 19 pls." type="book" year="1925">Alderson (1925: 85)</bibRefCitation>
presumed the
<typeStatus id="54EDE9860A23F556FA93CA21AFA8F9B6" box="[1388,1436,1551,1575]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
locality to be the lake on the east of
<collectingCountry id="F34117B40A23F556FDB1CA1CA8E1F9DA" box="[590,725,1586,1611]" name="Madagascar" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
south of Tamatave (now Toamasina). Listed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A23F556FAEECA1CAB2AF9FE" author="Bourguignat" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Bourguignat, J. R. (1889) Mollusques de l'Afrique equatoriale de Moguedouchou a Bagamoyo et de Bagamoyo au Tanganika [sic]. D. Dumoulin, Paris, 229 pp., 8 pls. [after 15 February; p. 9] http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12884" type="book" year="1889">Bourguignat (1889: 167)</bibRefCitation>
as from the coast of
<collectingCountry id="F34117B40A23F556FDDFCA78A883F9FE" box="[544,695,1622,1647]" name="Mozambique" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
. Valid species,
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FC91CA79A996F9FF" box="[878,930,1623,1646]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">teste</emphasis>
G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 59) and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A23F556FACACA78AB26F902" author="Alderson" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Alderson, E. G. (1925) Studies in Ampullaria. Heffer, Cambridge, xx + 102 pp., 19 pls." type="book" year="1925">Alderson (1925: 84)</bibRefCitation>
, who both considered
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FDE7CA54A8B8F902" box="[536,652,1658,1683]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">largillierti</emphasis>
Reeve
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FD1ACA52A93BF902" box="[741,783,1660,1683]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">non</emphasis>
Philippi to be a variety of
<taxonomicName id="4C562CA70A23F556FBB1CA52AF4FF902" authority="Lamarck. Synonym" authorityName="Lamarck. Synonym" box="[1102,1403,1658,1683]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Ampullaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FBB1CA52AEA6F902" box="[1102,1170,1660,1683]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">virens</emphasis>
Lamarck. Synonym
</taxonomicName>
of
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FF68CAB0AADCF926" box="[151,232,1694,1719]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">cecillei</emphasis>
Philippi,
<emphasis id="B9228B360A23F556FEAACAB1ABBCF927" box="[341,392,1695,1718]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">teste</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A23F556FE6FCAB0A897F926" author="Starmuhlner" box="[400,675,1694,1719]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Starmuhlner, F. (1969) Ergebnisse der Osterreichischen Madagaskar-Expedition 1958. Die Gastropoden der Madagassischen Binnengewasser. Schale, Makro- und Mikroanatomie des Weichkorpers, Lebensraum und geographische Verbreitung. Malacologia, 8 (1 - 2), 1 - 434. [October; Malacologia 11 (2): inside back cover]" type="journal article" year="1969">Starmühlner (1969: 119)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC72AD50A23F556FD26CAB0AE80F926" author="Fischer-Piette" box="[729,1204,1694,1719]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Fischer-Piette, E. &amp; Vukadinovic, D. ([1974]) Sur les mollusques fluviatiles de Madagascar. Malacologia, 12 (2 [for 1973]), 339 - 378. [11 March; Malacologia 15 (2): un-numbered page at end of issue]" type="journal article" year="1974">Fischer-Piette &amp; Vukadinovic (1974: 349)</bibRefCitation>
, followed here.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>