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<mods:title id="0B3623A055289998AD051A112226C03B">Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03FFA868FFC1FFE35527FAE682FF4918" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4924089" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182645245" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4924089" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FFA868FFC1FFE35527FAE682FF4918" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFA868FFC1FFE35527FAE682FF4918" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="178" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">
<subSubSection id="C34C4AF5FFC1FFE15527FAE685B4482D" box="[576,1012,1347,1374]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE9197EFFC1FFE15527FAE685B4482D" blockId="17.[576,1012,1347,1409]" box="[576,1012,1347,1374]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">
<heading id="D0A1AE12FFC1FFE15527FAE685B4482D" box="[576,1012,1347,1374]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C5662FDFFC1FFE15527FAE685B4482D" ID-CoL="6PVB5" authority="Attems, 1898" authorityName="Attems" authorityYear="1898" box="[576,1012,1347,1374]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Levizonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaumasius">
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC1FFE15527FAE6850E482D" bold="true" box="[576,846,1347,1374]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">Levizonus thaumasius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7648FFFC1FFE15432FAE685B4482D" author="Attems C." box="[853,1012,1348,1374]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" pagination="221 - 482" refId="ref9086" refString="Attems C. 1898. System der Polydesmiden, I. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 67 (1): 221 - 482." type="journal article" year="1898">Attems, 1898</bibRefCitation>
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<subSubSection id="C34C4AF5FFC1FFE155BFFAC5851C48F2" box="[728,860,1383,1409]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE9197EFFC1FFE155BFFAC5851C48F2" blockId="17.[576,1012,1347,1409]" box="[728,860,1383,1409]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">
<figureCitation id="136D05FBFFC1FFE155BFFAC5851C48F2" box="[728,860,1383,1409]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStartId-0="18.[189,232,1244,1270]" captionStartId-1="18.[189,232,1811,1837]" captionStartId-2="20.[189,232,1889,1915]" captionStartId-3="21.[189,232,1635,1661]" captionTargetBox-0="[356,1231,265,1206]" captionTargetBox-1="[352,1235,1402,1771]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1398,266,1850]" captionTargetBox-3="[190,1396,263,1593]" captionTargetId-0="figure-15@18.[356,1231,265,1209]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@18.[352,1235,1402,1774]" captionTargetId-2="figure-15@20.[186,1402,263,1853]" captionTargetId-3="figure-12@21.[186,1402,263,1599]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionTargetPageId-2="20" captionTargetPageId-3="21" captionText-0="Fig. 10. Levizonus thaumasius Attems, 1898, ♂♂, ♀ (FSCB 12007, 12016). A. Gonopod, lateral view. B. Gonopod apex, lateral view. C. Gonopod, mesal view. D. Gonopod apex, mesal view. E. Vulva, mesal view. F. Gonopod apex, lateral view. Scale bars: A = 200 μm; C, E–F = 100 μm; B, D = 20 μm." captionText-1="Fig. 11. Levizonus thaumasius Attems, 1898, ♂♂ (FSCB 12016). A–B. Gonopod apex, ventral view. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B = 20 μm." captionText-2="Fig. 12. Levizonus thaumasius Attems, 1898, ♂ and ♀. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Copulation. Photographed not to scale. Photo by the author." captionText-3="Fig. 13. Distribution of species of the genus Levizonus Attems, 1898. Filled square: L. circularis Takakuwa, 1942. Filled circle: L. distinctus Mikhaljova, 1990. Open square: L. laqueatus Mikhaljova, 1981. Open triangle: L. nakhodka Mikhaljova sp. nov. Filled triangle: L. malewitschi Lokschina &amp; Golovatch, 1977. Filled diamond: L. thaumasius Attems, 1898. Heart: L. takakuwai (Verhoeff, 1941). Oval: L. montanus (Takakuwa, 1941)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4923516" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4923520" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4923522" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4923524" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4923516/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4923520/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4923522/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4923524/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">Figs 10–13</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C4AF5FFC1FFE157DAFA0A84944AFB" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE9197EFFC1FFE157DAFA0A85264894" blockId="17.[189,1398,1448,1581]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB463E50FFC1FFE157DAFA0A85264894" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE157DAFA0A850348B0" author="Attems C." box="[189,835,1448,1475]" page="352" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="1898">
<taxonomicName id="4C5662FDFFC1FFE157DAFA0A850348B0" ID-CoL="f86273c9-5bea-4d62-8a00-a340ed42e64e" authority="Attems, 1898: 352" authorityName="Attems" authorityPageNumber="352" authorityYear="1898" box="[189,835,1448,1475]" class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Sulciferus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaumasius" subGenus="Levizonus">
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC1FFE157DAFA0A877248B1" box="[189,306,1448,1474]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">Sulciferus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC1FFE15620FA0B87FC48B1" box="[327,444,1449,1474]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">Levizonus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC1FFE156B6FA0A841748B1" box="[465,599,1448,1474]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">thaumasius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7648FFFC1FFE15507FA0B850348B0" author="Attems C." box="[608,835,1448,1475]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" pagination="221 - 482" refId="ref9086" refString="Attems C. 1898. System der Polydesmiden, I. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 67 (1): 221 - 482." type="journal article" year="1898">Attems, 1898: 352</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 112 (
<typeStatus id="54EDA7DCFFC1FFE154A6FA0A826A48B1" box="[961,1066,1448,1474]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
not designated; location of types is unknown; type locality: Vladivostok,
<collectingCountry id="F34159EEFFC1FFE15461FA6E85194894" box="[774,857,1484,1511]" name="Russia" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">Russia</collectingCountry>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE9197EFFC1FFE157DAFA52837A4B5F" blockId="17.[189,1398,1448,1581]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB463E50FFC1FFE157DAFA52837A4B5F" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE157DAFA5285194B79" author="Lokschina I. E. &amp; Golovatch S. I." box="[189,857,1519,1546]" page="77" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="1977">
<taxonomicName id="4C5662FDFFC1FFE157DAFA5285194B79" ID-CoL="8S8WT" authority="Lokschina &amp; Golovatch, 1977: 77" authorityName="Lokschina &amp; Golovatch" authorityPageNumber="77" authorityYear="1977" box="[189,857,1519,1546]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Levizonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC1FFE157DAFA5287ED4B7A" box="[189,429,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">Levizonus orientalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7648FFFC1FFE156DEFA4D85194B79" author="Lokschina I. E. &amp; Golovatch S. I." box="[441,857,1519,1546]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" pagination="73 - 78" refId="ref9709" refString="Lokschina I. E. &amp; Golovatch S. I. 1977. The new myriapods (Diplopoda) from the USSR. Byulleten Moskovskogo obshchestva ispytateley prirodi, Biology 82 (1): 73 - 78. [In Russian.]" type="journal article" year="1977">Lokschina &amp; Golovatch, 1977: 77</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 4–5 (
<typeStatus id="54EDA7DCFFC1FFE154BAFA4D82064B7A" box="[989,1094,1519,1545]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D50D2F7FFC1FFE15337FA5282284B79" box="[1104,1128,1520,1546]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
, from Varfolomeevka, Yakovlevskiy District,
<collectingRegion id="4992D79CFFC1FFE1569FF9B084F34B5F" box="[504,691,1554,1580]" country="Russia" name="Primorskiy" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">Primorskiy krai</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34159EEFFC1FFE155D9F9B0854F4B5F" box="[702,783,1554,1580]" name="Russia" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">Russia</collectingCountry>
, in ZMUM; synonymized by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7648FFFC1FFE1530AF9B0836D4B5F" author="Golovatch S. I." box="[1133,1325,1554,1580]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" pagination="17 - 20" refId="ref9350" refString="Golovatch S. I. 1979. Notes on Levizonus thaumasius Att. (Diplopoda). In: Ivliev L. A. (ed.) Ekologiya i biologiya chlenistonogikh yuga Dalnego Vostoka: 17 - 20. DVNC AN SSSR, Vladivostok. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="1979">Golovatch 1979</bibRefCitation>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE9197EFFC1FFE157DAF9F685764B1D" blockId="17.[189,1399,1620,1928]" box="[189,822,1620,1646]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB463E50FFC1FFE157DAF9F685764B1D" box="[189,822,1620,1646]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">
<taxonomicName id="4C5662FDFFC1FFE157DAF9F684104B1D" ID-CoL="f86273c9-5bea-4d62-8a00-a340ed42e64e" authorityName="Attems" authorityYear="1898" box="[189,592,1620,1646]" class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Sulciferus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaumasius" subGenus="Levizonus">
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC1FFE157DAF9F687724B1D" box="[189,306,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">Sulciferus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC1FFE15624F9F687F84B1E" box="[323,440,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">Levizonus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC1FFE156ADF9F684104B1D" box="[458,592,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">thaumasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE1550CF9F685724B1D" author="Attems C." box="[619,818,1620,1646]" page="48" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="1904">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7648FFFC1FFE1550CF9F685724B1D" author="Attems C." box="[619,818,1620,1646]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" pagination="33 - 54" refId="ref9114" refString="Attems C. 1904. Myriopoden. Fauna arctica 3 (1): 33 - 54." type="journal article" year="1904">Attems 1904: 48</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE9197EFFC1FFE157DAF9DA829E4A17" blockId="17.[189,1399,1620,1928]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB463E50FFC1FFE157DAF9DA829E4A17" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">
<taxonomicName id="4C5662FDFFC1FFE157DAF9DA87824BE2" ID-CoL="6PVB5" authorityName="Attems" authorityYear="1898" box="[189,450,1655,1681]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Levizonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaumasius">
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC1FFE157DAF9DA87824BE2" box="[189,450,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">Levizonus thaumasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE15685F9D584EE4BE2" author="Attems C." box="[482,686,1655,1681]" page="69" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="1931">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7648FFFC1FFE15685F9D584EE4BE2" author="Attems C." box="[482,686,1655,1681]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" pagination="1 - 149" refId="ref9132" refString="Attems C. 1931. Die Familie Leptodesmidae und andere Polydesmiden. Zoologica, Stuttgart 30 (3 / 4): 1 - 149." type="journal article" year="1931">Attems 1931: 69</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 105; 1938: 173, figs 190–191. —
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE153E0F9D583324BE1" author="Verhoeff K. W." box="[1159,1394,1655,1682]" page="152" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7648FFFC1FFE153E0F9D583324BE1" author="Verhoeff K. W." box="[1159,1394,1655,1682]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" pagination="148 - 172" refId="ref11248" refString="Verhoeff K. W. 1936. Uber Diplopoden aus Japan, gesammelt von Herrn Y. Takakuwa. Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society 14 (3): 148 - 172." type="journal article" year="1936">Verhoeff 1936: 152</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE15671F93884404BC7" author="Takakuwa Y." box="[278,512,1690,1716]" page="43" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="1942">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7648FFFC1FFE15671F93884404BC7" author="Takakuwa Y." box="[278,512,1690,1716]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" pagination="39 - 47" refId="ref10993" refString="Takakuwa Y. 1942. Zur Kenntnis der Japanischen Diplopoden. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 21: 39 - 47." type="journal article" year="1942">Takakuwa 1942: 43</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE15557F93884BB4BC7" author="Jeekel C. A. W." box="[560,763,1690,1716]" page="270" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7648FFFC1FFE15557F93884BB4BC7" author="Jeekel C. A. W." box="[560,763,1690,1716]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" pagination="1 - 412" refId="ref9506" refString="Jeekel C. A. W. 1971. Nomenclator generum et familiarum Diplopodorum; A list of the genus and family-group names in the Class Diplopoda from the 10 th edition of Linnaeus, 1758, to the end of 1957. Monografieen van de Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging 5: 1 - 412." type="journal article" year="1971">Jeekel 1971: 270</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE1544DF93882554BC7" author="Golovatch S. I." box="[810,1045,1690,1716]" page="17" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7648FFFC1FFE1544DF93882554BC7" author="Golovatch S. I." box="[810,1045,1690,1716]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" pagination="17 - 20" refId="ref9350" refString="Golovatch S. I. 1979. Notes on Levizonus thaumasius Att. (Diplopoda). In: Ivliev L. A. (ed.) Ekologiya i biologiya chlenistonogikh yuga Dalnego Vostoka: 17 - 20. DVNC AN SSSR, Vladivostok. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="1979">Golovatch 1979: 17</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs —
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE1531FF93887254BAB" author="Loksina I. E. &amp; Golovatch S. I." page="385" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7648FFFC1FFE1531FF93887254BAB" author="Loksina I. E. &amp; Golovatch S. I." pageId="17" pageNumber="176" pagination="381 - 389" refId="ref9753" refString="Loksina I. E. &amp; Golovatch S. I. 1979. Diplopoda of the USSR fauna. Pedobiologia 19 (6): 381 - 389." type="journal article" year="1979">Lokšina &amp; Golovatch 1979: 385</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE156F2F91F84DC4BA4" author="Mikhaljova E. V." box="[405,668,1725,1751]" page="64" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="1981">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7648FFFC1FFE156F2F91F84DC4BA4" author="Mikhaljova E. V." box="[405,668,1725,1751]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" pagination="62 - 67" refId="ref9873" refString="Mikhaljova E. V. 1981 a. The millipede genus Levizonus (Diplopoda, Xystodesmidae) from the USSR Far East. Byulleten Moskovskogo obshchestva ispytateley prirodi, Biology 86 (3): 62 - 67. [In Russian, English summary.]" type="journal article" year="1981">Mikhaljova 1981a: 64</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 3, map (fig. 5);
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE154F7F91F85BA4BA4" author="Mikhaljova" box="[912,1018,1725,1751]" page="81" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="1983">1983: 81</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE1536FF91F82324BA4" author="Mikhaljova" box="[1032,1138,1725,1751]" page="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="1984">1984: 14</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE153E7F91F82AB4BA4" author="Mikhaljova" box="[1152,1259,1725,1751]" page="70" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="1988">1988: 70</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE1539FF91F83314BA4" author="Mikhaljova" box="[1272,1393,1725,1751]" page="136" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="1990">1990: 136</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE1578DF94387144B88" author="Mikhaljova" box="[234,340,1761,1787]" page="33" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="1993">1993: 33</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE15607F94387984B88" author="Mikhaljova" box="[352,472,1761,1787]" page="143" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="1997">1997: 143</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE15683F94385184B88" author="Mikhaljova" box="[484,856,1760,1787]" page="55" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="1998">1998: 55, figs 210–217, map 12</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE15403F943859C4B88" author="Mikhaljova" box="[868,988,1760,1787]" page="150" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="2002">2002: 150</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE1548FF94383324B88" author="Mikhaljova" box="[1000,1394,1760,1787]" page="249" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="2004">2004: 249, figs 623–637, map 32</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE1578DF8A687114A6D" author="Mikhaljova" box="[234,337,1795,1822]" page="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="2009">2009a: 5</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE1563BF8A687A34A6E" author="Mikhaljova" box="[348,483,1795,1822]" page="606" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="2009">2009b: 606</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE1568AF8A1859D4A6D" author="Mikhaljova" box="[493,989,1795,1822]" page="22" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="2016">2016: 22; 2017: 299, figs 670–684, map 43</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE1536EF8A6874B4A31" author="Mikhaljova E. V. &amp; Petukhova E. L." page="53" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7648FFFC1FFE1536EF8A6874B4A31" author="Mikhaljova E. V. &amp; Petukhova E. L." pageId="17" pageNumber="176" pagination="48 - 66" refId="ref10594" refString="Mikhaljova E. V. &amp; Petukhova E. L. 1983. A comparative analysis of the millipede faunas (Diplopoda) of Primorskiy Province's forests with the help of inclusion and similarity indices. In: Semkin B. I. &amp; Sukhanov V. V. (eds) Teoretiko-grafovye metody v biogeograficheskikh issledovaniyakh: 48 - 66. DVNC AN SSSR, Vladivostok. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="1983">Mikhaljova &amp; Petukhova 1983: 53</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE15627F885848E4A32" author="Mikhaljova E. V. &amp; Bakurov V. D." box="[320,718,1831,1857]" page="40" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7648FFFC1FFE15627F885848E4A32" author="Mikhaljova E. V. &amp; Bakurov V. D." box="[320,718,1831,1857]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" pagination="38 - 47" refId="ref10488" refString="Mikhaljova E. V. &amp; Bakurov V. D. 1989. On millipedes (Diplopoda) of the Siniy Mountain Ridge (Sikhote-Alin). In: Ryabinin N. A. (ed.) Pochvennye bespozvonochnye yuga Dalnego Vostoka: 38 - 47. DVO AN SSSR, Khabarovsk. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="1989">Mikhaljova &amp; Bakurov 1989: 40</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE15464F88585904A32" author="Ganin G. N." box="[771,976,1831,1857]" page="121" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7648FFFC1FFE15464F88585904A32" author="Ganin G. N." box="[771,976,1831,1857]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" refId="ref9237" refString="Ganin G. N. 1997. Soil Animals of the Ussuri Region. Dalnauka, Vladivostok / Khabarovsk. [In Russian, English summary.]" type="book" year="1997">Ganin 1997: 121</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE154B8F885821A4A31" author="Ganin G. N." box="[991,1114,1831,1858]" page="153" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7648FFFC1FFE154B8F885821A4A31" author="Ganin G. N." box="[991,1114,1831,1858]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" pagination="147 - 156" refId="ref9265" refString="Ganin G. N. 2009. Hypothetical factors of origin and coexisting of closely related soil-dwelling species. In: Storozhenko S. Yu. (ed.) A. I. Kurentsov's Annual Memorial Meetings. Issue 20: 147 - 156. Dalnauka, Vladivostok. [In Russian.]" type="journal article" year="2009">2009: 153</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE1530EF88582A54A32" author="Ganin G. N." box="[1129,1253,1831,1857]" page="336" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7648FFFC1FFE1530EF88582A54A32" author="Ganin G. N." box="[1129,1253,1831,1857]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" refId="ref9320" refString="Ganin G. N. 2011. Structural and Functional Organization of Mezopedobiont Communities of the Southern Russian Far East. Dalnauka, Vladivostok. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2011">2011: 336</bibRefCitation>
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. —
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE15245F88587244A17" author="Tanabe T." page="108" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7648FFFC1FFE15245F88587244A17" author="Tanabe T." pageId="17" pageNumber="176" pagination="101 - 113" refId="ref11077" refString="Tanabe T. 1994. The millipede genus Levizonus (Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae) in Japan. Japanese Journal of Entomology 62 (1): 101 - 113." type="journal article" year="1994">Tanabe 1994: 108</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE15617F8E887B84A17" author="Tanabe T." box="[368,504,1866,1892]" page="2178" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7648FFFC1FFE15617F8E887B84A17" author="Tanabe T." box="[368,504,1866,1892]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" pagination="2139 - 2183" refId="ref11107" refString="Tanabe T. 2002. Revision of the millipede genus Parafontaria Verhoeff, 1936 (Diplopoda, Xystodesmidae). Journal of Natural History 36: 2139 - 2183. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930110085610" type="journal article" year="2002">2002: 2178</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE1554FF8E885EA4A17" author="Mikhaljova E. V. &amp; Korsos Z." box="[552,938,1866,1892]" page="234" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7648FFFC1FFE1554FF8E885EA4A17" author="Mikhaljova E. V. &amp; Korsos Z." box="[552,938,1866,1892]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" pagination="225 - 252" refId="ref10547" refString="Mikhaljova E. V. &amp; Korsos Z. 2003. Millipedes (Diplopoda) from Korea, the Russian Far East, and China in the collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum. Acta Zoologica Hungarica 49 (3): 225 - 252." type="journal article" year="2003">Mikhaljova &amp; Korsós 2003: 234</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE154BEF8E8829A4A17" author="Marek P. &amp; Tanabe T. &amp; Sierwald P." box="[985,1242,1866,1892]" page="73" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7648FFFC1FFE154BEF8E8829A4A17" author="Marek P. &amp; Tanabe T. &amp; Sierwald P." box="[985,1242,1866,1892]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" refId="ref9782" refString="Marek P., Tanabe T. &amp; Sierwald P. 2014. A Species Catalog of the Millipede Family Xystodesmidae (Diplopoda: Polydesmida). Virginia Museum of Natural History, Martinsville, Virginia." type="book" year="2014">
Marek
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC1FFE1534AF8E982284A17" box="[1069,1128,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">et al.</emphasis>
2014: 73
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE9197EFFC1FFE157DAF8CC84944AFB" blockId="17.[189,1399,1620,1928]" box="[189,724,1901,1928]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB463E50FFC1FFE157DAF8CC84944AFB" box="[189,724,1901,1928]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">
<taxonomicName id="4C5662FDFFC1FFE157DAF8CC87EA4AF4" ID-CoL="8S8WT" authorityName="Lokschina &amp; Golovatch" authorityYear="1977" box="[189,426,1901,1927]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Levizonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC1FFE157DAF8CC87EA4AF4" box="[189,426,1901,1927]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">Levizonus orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="0AF73F6FFFC1FFE156AFF8CF848F4AFB" author="Mikhaljova E. V." box="[456,719,1901,1928]" page="157" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7648FFFC1FFE156AFF8CF848F4AFB" author="Mikhaljova E. V." box="[456,719,1901,1928]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" pagination="157" refId="ref9819" refString="Mikhaljova E. V. 1978. On the fauna of Diplopoda in coniferous-broadleaved forests of the Ussuryskiy Nature Reserve. In: Suschenya L. M. &amp; Khotko E. I. (eds) Problemy pochvennoy zoologii: 157. Nauka i tekhnika, Minsk. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="1978">Mikhaljova 1978: 157</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF2949F6FFC2FFE257DAFB7E835B484E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4923516" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4923516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4923516/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="177" startId="18.[189,232,1244,1270]" targetBox="[356,1231,265,1206]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="8BE9197EFFC2FFE257DAFB7E835B484E" blockId="18.[189,1399,1244,1341]" pageId="18" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC2FFE257DAFB7E875A4985" bold="true" box="[189,282,1244,1270]" pageId="18" pageNumber="177">Fig. 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5662FDFFC2FFE25646FB7F848D4985" authority="Attems, 1898" authorityName="Attems" authorityYear="1898" box="[289,717,1244,1270]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Levizonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="18" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaumasius">
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC2FFE25646FB7F84644985" box="[289,548,1244,1270]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="177">Levizonus thaumasius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7648FFFC2FFE2554BFB7E848D4985" author="Attems C." box="[556,717,1244,1270]" pageId="18" pageNumber="177" pagination="221 - 482" refId="ref9086" refString="Attems C. 1898. System der Polydesmiden, I. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 67 (1): 221 - 482." type="journal article" year="1898">Attems, 1898</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, ♂♂, ♀ (FSCB 12007, 12016).
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC2FFE25321FB7E821B4985" bold="true" box="[1094,1115,1244,1270]" pageId="18" pageNumber="177">A</emphasis>
. Gonopod, lateral view.
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC2FFE257DAFB5D8691486A" bold="true" box="[189,209,1279,1305]" pageId="18" pageNumber="177">B</emphasis>
. Gonopod apex, lateral view.
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC2FFE2554EFB5D847E486A" bold="true" box="[553,574,1279,1305]" pageId="18" pageNumber="177">C</emphasis>
. Gonopod, mesal view.
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC2FFE25432FB5D852A486A" bold="true" box="[853,874,1279,1305]" pageId="18" pageNumber="177">D</emphasis>
. Gonopod apex, mesal view.
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC2FFE253D9FB5D8292486A" bold="true" box="[1214,1234,1279,1305]" pageId="18" pageNumber="177">E</emphasis>
. Vulva, mesal view.
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC2FFE25664FA808755484F" bold="true" box="[259,277,1314,1340]" pageId="18" pageNumber="177">F</emphasis>
. Gonopod apex, lateral view. Scale bars: A = 200 μm; C, E–F = 100 μm; B, D = 20 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2949F6FFC2FFE257DAF8B184244A22" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4923520" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4923520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4923520/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="177" startId="18.[189,232,1811,1837]" targetBox="[352,1235,1402,1771]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="8BE9197EFFC2FFE257DAF8B184244A22" blockId="18.[189,1399,1811,1873]" pageId="18" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC2FFE257DAF8B1875A4A5E" bold="true" box="[189,282,1811,1837]" pageId="18" pageNumber="177">Fig. 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5662FDFFC2FFE25644F8B684934A5D" authority="Attems, 1898" authorityName="Attems" authorityYear="1898" box="[291,723,1811,1838]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Levizonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="18" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaumasius">
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC2FFE25644F8B684684A5E" box="[291,552,1811,1837]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="177">Levizonus thaumasius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7648FFFC2FFE25556F8B684934A5D" author="Attems C." box="[561,723,1812,1838]" pageId="18" pageNumber="177" pagination="221 - 482" refId="ref9086" refString="Attems C. 1898. System der Polydesmiden, I. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 67 (1): 221 - 482." type="journal article" year="1898">Attems, 1898</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, ♂♂ (FSCB 12016).
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC2FFE254B1F8B1824E4A5E" bold="true" box="[982,1038,1811,1837]" pageId="18" pageNumber="177">A–B</emphasis>
. Gonopod apex, ventral view. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B = 20 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34C4AF5FFC3FFE357DAFEAA85A84F56" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE9197EFFC3FFE357DAFEAA87764C51" blockId="19.[189,310,264,290]" box="[189,310,264,290]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">
<heading id="D0A1AE12FFC3FFE357DAFEAA87764C51" bold="true" box="[189,310,264,290]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC3FFE357DAFEAA87764C51" bold="true" box="[189,310,264,290]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE9197EFFC3FFE357DAFE9585A84F56" blockId="19.[189,1399,311,549]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">
The species differs from congeners mainly by the configuration of the central edge of the gonopod telopodite apex, which is smooth (rarely) or with one to numerous small outgrowths (
<figureCitation id="136D05FBFFC3FFE353D4FEF883624C07" box="[1203,1314,346,372]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1244,1270]" captionTargetBox="[356,1231,265,1206]" captionTargetId="figure-15@18.[356,1231,265,1209]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 10. Levizonus thaumasius Attems, 1898, ♂♂, ♀ (FSCB 12007, 12016). A. Gonopod, lateral view. B. Gonopod apex, lateral view. C. Gonopod, mesal view. D. Gonopod apex, mesal view. E. Vulva, mesal view. F. Gonopod apex, lateral view. Scale bars: A = 200 μm; C, E–F = 100 μm; B, D = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4923516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4923516/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">Figs 10B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136D05FBFFC3FFE35257FEF8831F4C07" box="[1328,1375,346,372]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1811,1837]" captionTargetBox="[352,1235,1402,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-17@18.[352,1235,1402,1774]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 11. Levizonus thaumasius Attems, 1898, ♂♂ (FSCB 12016). A–B. Gonopod apex, ventral view. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4923520" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4923520/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">11B</figureCitation>
– several outgrowths) (vs without outgrowths in
<taxonomicName id="4C5662FDFFC3FFE3558CFEDC853D4CE4" authorityName="Mikhaljova" authorityYear="1981" box="[747,893,381,407]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Levizonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laqueatus">
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC3FFE3558CFEDC853D4CE4" box="[747,893,381,407]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">L. laqueatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5662FDFFC3FFE354E9FEDC82604CE4" baseAuthorityName="Takakuwa" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[910,1056,382,407]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Levizonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanus">
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC3FFE354E9FEDC82604CE4" box="[910,1056,382,407]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">L. montanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5662FDFFC3FFE35357FEDC828A4CE4" baseAuthorityName="Verhoeff" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[1072,1226,381,407]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Levizonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takakuwai">
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC3FFE35357FEDC828A4CE4" box="[1072,1226,381,407]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">L. takakuwai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the gonopod telopodite with a low subapical not knee-shaped outgrowth (K1) (
<figureCitation id="136D05FBFFC3FFE354AFFE0382744CC8" box="[968,1076,417,443]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1244,1270]" captionTargetBox="[356,1231,265,1206]" captionTargetId="figure-15@18.[356,1231,265,1209]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 10. Levizonus thaumasius Attems, 1898, ♂♂, ♀ (FSCB 12007, 12016). A. Gonopod, lateral view. B. Gonopod apex, lateral view. C. Gonopod, mesal view. D. Gonopod apex, mesal view. E. Vulva, mesal view. F. Gonopod apex, lateral view. Scale bars: A = 200 μm; C, E–F = 100 μm; B, D = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4923516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4923516/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
) (vs without the outgrowth in other congeners excluding
<taxonomicName id="4C5662FDFFC3FFE35571FE6784E64CAD" authority="Mikhaljova, 2021" authorityName="Mikhaljova" authorityYear="2021" box="[534,678,452,478]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Levizonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nakhodka" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC3FFE35571FE6784E64CAD" box="[534,678,452,478]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">L. nakhodka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2117817FFC3FFE355CAFE6685474CAD" box="[685,775,452,478]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5662FDFFC3FFE35459FE67858E4CAD" authorityName="Takakuwa" authorityYear="1942" box="[830,974,452,478]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Levizonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circularis">
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC3FFE35459FE67858E4CAD" box="[830,974,452,478]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">L. circularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; with K in
<taxonomicName id="4C5662FDFFC3FFE35336FE6782A24CAD" authority="Mikhaljova, 2021" authorityName="Mikhaljova" authorityYear="2021" box="[1105,1250,452,478]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Levizonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nakhodka" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC3FFE35336FE6782A24CAD" box="[1105,1250,452,478]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">L. nakhodka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2117817FFC3FFE3538FFE6683064CAD" box="[1256,1350,452,478]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; not knee-shaped in
<taxonomicName id="4C5662FDFFC3FFE35610FE4A84484F72" authorityName="Takakuwa" authorityYear="1942" box="[375,520,487,513]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Levizonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circularis">
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC3FFE35610FE4A84484F72" box="[375,520,487,513]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">L. circularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and with a curved SL (
<figureCitation id="136D05FBFFC3FFE3544EFE4585D24F72" box="[809,914,487,513]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1244,1270]" captionTargetBox="[356,1231,265,1206]" captionTargetId="figure-15@18.[356,1231,265,1209]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 10. Levizonus thaumasius Attems, 1898, ♂♂, ♀ (FSCB 12007, 12016). A. Gonopod, lateral view. B. Gonopod apex, lateral view. C. Gonopod, mesal view. D. Gonopod apex, mesal view. E. Vulva, mesal view. F. Gonopod apex, lateral view. Scale bars: A = 200 μm; C, E–F = 100 μm; B, D = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4923516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4923516/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
) positioned laterally (vs straight in other congeners excluding
<taxonomicName id="4C5662FDFFC3FFE356D1FDA984064F57" authorityName="Takakuwa" authorityYear="1942" box="[438,582,522,548]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Levizonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circularis">
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC3FFE356D1FDA984064F57" box="[438,582,522,548]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">L. circularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; positioned mesad in
<taxonomicName id="4C5662FDFFC3FFE3542FFDA985984F57" authorityName="Takakuwa" authorityYear="1942" box="[840,984,522,548]" class="Diplopoda" family="Xystodesmidae" genus="Levizonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circularis">
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC3FFE3542FFDA985984F57" box="[840,984,522,548]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">L. circularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C4AF5FFC3FFE357DAFDE987E44F8D" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE9197EFFC3FFE357DAFDE987EA4F16" blockId="19.[189,426,587,613]" box="[189,426,587,613]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">
<heading id="D0A1AE12FFC3FFE357DAFDE987EA4F16" bold="true" box="[189,426,587,613]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC3FFE357DAFDE987EA4F16" bold="true" box="[189,426,587,613]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE9197EFFC3FFE357DAFDD887E44F8D" blockId="19.[189,1399,634,766]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">
<materialsCitation id="3B3E1323FFC3FFE357DAFDD884AE4FCB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3128564317" collectedFrom="mixed forest" collectingDate="2007-09-22" collectionCode="FSCB" collectorName="A. Rodionov" country="Russia" county="Shkotovskiy District" location="Litovka Mountain" municipality="Anisimovka" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" specimenCode="FSCB 12007" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Primorskiy krai">
<collectingCountry id="F34159EEFFC3FFE357DAFDD887644FE7" box="[189,292,634,660]" name="Russia" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">RUSSIA</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="9D50D2F7FFC3FFE35650FDD887244FE6" box="[311,356,634,661]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="4992D79CFFC3FFE35609FDD884664FE7" box="[366,550,634,660]" country="Russia" name="Primorskiy" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">Primorskiy krai</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="628861F2FFC3FFE35549FDD885614FE7" box="[558,801,634,660]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">Shkotovskiy District</collectingCounty>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A5B005CFFC3FFE3544DFDD985B14FE7" box="[810,1009,634,661]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">near Anisimovka</locationDeviation>
,
<location id="8E894FA5FFC3FFE3549CFDD882914FE7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FFA868FFC1FFE35527FAE682FF4918:8E894FA5FFC3FFE3549CFDD882914FE7" box="[1019,1233,634,660]" country="Russia" county="Shkotovskiy District" municipality="Anisimovka" name="Litovka Mountain" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" stateProvince="Primorskiy krai">Litovka Mountain</location>
;
<date id="FFE83FBEFFC3FFE353BEFDD883324FE7" box="[1241,1394,634,660]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" value="2007-09-22">
<collectingDate id="EFACC656FFC3FFE353BEFDD883324FE7" box="[1241,1394,634,660]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" value="2007-09-22">22 Sep. 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="26A37CA8FFC3FFE357DAFD3C87194FC4" box="[189,345,669,696]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">A. Rodionov</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectedFrom id="384A5A83FFC3FFE356C2FD3F84014FC4" box="[421,577,669,695]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">mixed forest</collectedFrom>
;
<specimenCode id="DBF0B105FFC3FFE35536FD3C84AE4FCB" box="[593,750,670,696]" collectionCode="FSCB" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">FSCB 12007</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B3E1323FFC3FFE35477FD3C87E04F8D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3128564330" collectedFrom="broadleaved forest, litter" collectingDate="2016-10-07" collectionCode="V" collectorName="E. V. Mikhaljova &amp; A. I. Konyukhov" country="Russia" location="Ussuriyskiy District" municipality="Ussuriyskiy District" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" specimenCode="FSCB 12016" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Primorskiy krai">
<specimenCount id="9D50D2F7FFC3FFE35477FD3C85194FCB" box="[784,857,670,696]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D50D2F7FFC3FFE3540CFD3C85DC4FCB" box="[875,924,670,696]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="4992D79CFFC3FFE354C8FD3F822F4FC4" box="[943,1135,669,695]" country="Russia" name="Primorskiy" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">Primorskiy krai</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8D8304FFC3FFE35318FD3F83324FC4" box="[1151,1394,669,695]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">Ussuriyskiy District</collectingMunicipality>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A5B005CFFC3FFE357DAFD6384414FA8" box="[189,513,705,731]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">environs of village Utesnoe</locationDeviation>
;
<date id="FFE83FBEFFC3FFE3556BFD6384D74FA9" box="[524,663,704,731]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" value="2016-10-07">
<collectingDate id="EFACC656FFC3FFE3556BFD6384D74FA9" box="[524,663,704,731]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" value="2016-10-07">7 Oct. 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="26A37CA8FFC3FFE355C4FD6385224FA8" box="[675,866,705,731]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">E.V. Mikhaljova</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="26A37CA8FFC3FFE354FFFD6382174FA8" box="[920,1111,705,731]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">A.I. Konyukhov</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectedFrom id="384A5A83FFC3FFE353F1FD6386B84F8D" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">broadleaved forest, litter</collectedFrom>
;
<specimenCode id="DBF0B105FFC3FFE35663FD4687E04F8D" box="[260,416,740,766]" collectionCode="FSCB" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">FSCB 12016</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C4AF5FFC3FFE357DAFC8784094E1D" box="[189,585,805,878]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE9197EFFC3FFE357DAFC8787164E4C" blockId="19.[189,342,805,831]" box="[189,342,805,831]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">
<heading id="D0A1AE12FFC3FFE357DAFC8787164E4C" bold="true" box="[189,342,805,831]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC3FFE357DAFC8787164E4C" bold="true" box="[189,342,805,831]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE9197EFFC3FFE357DAFCF684094E1D" blockId="19.[189,585,852,878]" box="[189,585,852,878]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">
<collectingCountry id="F34159EEFFC3FFE357DAFCF687504E1D" box="[189,272,852,878]" name="Russia" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">Russia</collectingCountry>
: Far East,
<collectingRegion id="4992D79CFFC3FFE356EDFCF684054E1D" box="[394,581,852,878]" country="Russia" name="Primorskiy" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">Primorskiy krai</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C4AF5FFC3FFE357DAFC3782FF4918" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE9197EFFC3FFE357DAFC37876F4EDC" blockId="19.[189,303,917,943]" box="[189,303,917,943]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">
<heading id="D0A1AE12FFC3FFE357DAFC37876F4EDC" bold="true" box="[189,303,917,943]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B922C56CFFC3FFE357DAFC37876F4EDC" bold="true" box="[189,303,917,943]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE9197EFFC3FFE357DAFC6682FF4918" blockId="19.[189,1399,964,1131]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">
Originally described from the environs of Vladivostok,
<collectingRegion id="4992D79CFFC3FFE35407FC66825E4EAD" box="[864,1054,964,990]" country="Russia" name="Primorskiy" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">Primorskiy krai</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34159EEFFC3FFE3534AFC66823B4EAD" box="[1069,1147,964,990]" name="Russia" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">Russia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7648FFFC3FFE353EAFC6683744EAD" author="Attems C." box="[1165,1332,964,990]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" pagination="221 - 482" refId="ref9086" refString="Attems C. 1898. System der Polydesmiden, I. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 67 (1): 221 - 482." type="journal article" year="1898">Attems, 1898</bibRefCitation>
), this species is common and abundant in the western and central parts of the
<collectingRegion id="4992D79CFFC3FFE35345FC45829C4972" box="[1058,1244,999,1025]" country="Russia" name="Primorskiy" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">Primorskiy krai</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7648FFFC3FFE3538AFC4586BD4957" author="Mikhaljova E. V." pageId="19" pageNumber="178" refId="ref10459" refString="Mikhaljova E. V. 2017. The Millipede Fauna (Diplopoda) of the Asian Part of Russia. Dalnauka, Vladivostok. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2017">Mikhaljova 2017</bibRefCitation>
). The dorsum is often distinctively patterned (
<figureCitation id="136D05FBFFC3FFE3545FFBA8858E4957" box="[824,974,1034,1060]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1889,1915]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,266,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-15@20.[186,1402,263,1853]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 12. Levizonus thaumasius Attems, 1898, ♂ and ♀. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Copulation. Photographed not to scale. Photo by the author." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4923522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4923522/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">Fig. 12A–B</figureCitation>
). Its abundance ranges from 24 to 86.5 ind./m
<quantity id="4CAEB49BFFC3FFE35624FB8F872A4934" box="[323,362,1069,1095]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" unit="in" value="2.0">
<superScript id="7C23B436FFC3FFE35624FB8F870C4948" attach="left" box="[323,332,1069,1083]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">2</superScript>
in
</quantity>
montane forests (the maximum abundance recorded is 172.5 ind./m
<superScript id="7C23B436FFC3FFE353EFFB8F82D14948" attach="left" box="[1160,1169,1069,1083]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">2</superScript>
), but this species is not numerous (4 ind./m
<superScript id="7C23B436FFC3FFE356B7FBF28799492D" attach="left" box="[464,473,1104,1118]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">2</superScript>
) in floodplain forests (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7648FFFC3FFE35583FBF285F34918" author="Mikhaljova E. V." box="[740,947,1104,1131]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" pagination="68 - 74" refId="ref10106" refString="Mikhaljova E. V. 1988. Millipedes (Diplopoda) of the Ussuriyskii and ' Kedrovaya Pad' nature reserves. In: Arefin V. S. (ed.) Rol nasekomykh v biotsenozakh Dalnego Vostoka: 68 - 74. DVO AN SSSR, Vladivostok. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="1988">Mikhaljova 1988</bibRefCitation>
). Vulva as in
<figureCitation id="136D05FBFFC3FFE35335FBF282FA4918" box="[1106,1210,1104,1131]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1244,1270]" captionTargetBox="[356,1231,265,1206]" captionTargetId="figure-15@18.[356,1231,265,1209]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 10. Levizonus thaumasius Attems, 1898, ♂♂, ♀ (FSCB 12007, 12016). A. Gonopod, lateral view. B. Gonopod apex, lateral view. C. Gonopod, mesal view. D. Gonopod apex, mesal view. E. Vulva, mesal view. F. Gonopod apex, lateral view. Scale bars: A = 200 μm; C, E–F = 100 μm; B, D = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4923516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4923516/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">Fig. 10E</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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