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<document id="D8A17BADEC4D5F503FE8D9AD5444AA8F" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4999.5.4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5119529" ID-ZooBank="2DE47A31-9425-48EA-9B9D-90658F62DD72" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1626877287456" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Melika, George &amp; Nicholls, James A." docDate="2021" docId="03AED91B337E02094C86FC60975847D0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4999.5.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4999 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Grahamstoneia Melika &amp; Nicholls 2021, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="15FE9256-ADA6-4618-835F-3096DD1A52FE" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="462" masterDocId="FF97A163337C020F4C11FF969672451D" masterDocTitle="A new genus of Nearctic oak gall wasp, Grahamstoneia Melika &amp; Nicholls, gen nov. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)" masterLastPageNumber="468" masterPageNumber="456" pageNumber="458" updateTime="1699012168312" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="DE76AC4B89DE83B13CC60D68EB48631B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="679E3E9B0C7926ACEA8C6B05CEC3B4FF">
<mods:title id="60163055AAF29E2C4889109D693389BF">A new genus of Nearctic oak gall wasp, Grahamstoneia Melika &amp; Nicholls, gen nov. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="EFD10FF9CA82A60CFA5508488508BDE6" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="716EC9D35410688CA5F35F90443302E7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="24C418DF9F2A1B3AA9EC7161381AFDDC">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C1698D795038445C97B0DD625BE6C45B">Plant Health Diagnostic National Reference Laboratory, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budaörsi str. 141 - 145, Budapest 1118, Hungary</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="BFCD3D897D9C7CE663FB34342C449E1B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="367EA4E52E76C3CCC8CCD1C9B5A74A81">Nicholls, James A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C36F21E998714DDB7E96CF6244AB7EAC">Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH 9 3 FL, Scotland, U. K. &amp; Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Clunies Ross Street, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="D254B60BB320D278153ECBAE91359738">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A9584A632A1ACF27AB42319AACC4D090">
<mods:date id="9E15AB90D7AAC41D75E0319D5833FB97">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E870D4349F2269D608A3F67FE71DFD7D">2021-07-14</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="DDAA1E8D347B85471A7A52962E37518D" type="volume">
<mods:number id="637F90EF94D118CC809136ECA921D85E">4999</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="3B24A6704582396364727FDE6252AF8A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="9BE19E2E07D65FE49C650573C04E7264" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4999.5.4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C44C8FFB5F05B71F946A81B2E08F73FA" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D05847B32274775A9B5460118ED1817A" type="Zenodo-Dep">5119529</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AED91B337E02094C86FC60975847D0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5119531" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5119531" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15FE9256-ADA6-4618-835F-3096DD1A52FE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AED91B337E02094C86FC60975847D0" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="462" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">
<subSubSection id="C31D3B86337E020D4C86FC6094C9410C" box="[151,699,1014,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337E020D4C86FC6094C9410C" blockId="2.[151,972,1014,1113]" box="[151,699,1014,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">
<heading id="D0F0DF61337E020D4C86FC6094C9410C" bold="true" box="[151,699,1014,1041]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="458" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337E020D4C86FC6094C9410C" bold="true" box="[151,699,1014,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E337E020D4C86FC609432410D" authority="Melika &amp; Nicholls" authorityName="Melika &amp; Nicholls" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,576,1014,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Grahamstoneia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337E020D4C86FC609720410C" bold="true" box="[151,338,1014,1041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">Grahamstoneia</emphasis>
Melika &amp; Nicholls
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2400964337E020D4E5CFC6194C9410C" box="[589,699,1015,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D3B86337E020D4C86FB8D95BE4144" pageId="2" pageNumber="458" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337E020D4C86FB8D97744128" blockId="2.[151,972,1014,1113]" box="[151,262,1051,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">
<figureCitation id="133C7488337E020D4C86FB8D97744128" box="[151,262,1051,1077]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–6" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7–11" captionStart-2="FIGURE 12" captionStartId-0="3.[151,264,1890,1914]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,264,1803,1827]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1415,1439]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1414,368,1865]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1415,606,1764]" captionTargetBox-2="[163,1425,705,1392]" captionTargetId-0="figure-77@3.[152,1434,361,1865]" captionTargetId-1="figure-201@4.[156,1432,597,1780]" captionTargetId-2="figure-289@5.[163,1425,705,1392]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–6. Grahamstoneia humboldti Melika &amp; Nicholls, sp. nov., asexual generation, female: 1–4, head: 1, frontal view, 2, posterior view, 3, dorsal view, 4, lateral view. 5, antenna. 6, forewing, part." captionText-1="FIGURES 7–11. Grahamstoneia humboldti Melika &amp; Nicholls, sp. nov., asexual generation, female: 7, mesosoma, lateral view, 8–9, mesosoma, dorsal view, 10, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view, 11, metasoma, lateral view." captionText-2="FIGURE 12. Grahamstoneia humboldti Melika &amp; Nicholls, sp. nov., asexual generation, galls." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5119533" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5119535" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5119537" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5119533/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5119535/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5119537/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">Figs 1–12</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337E020D4C86FBA995BE4144" blockId="2.[151,972,1014,1113]" box="[151,972,1086,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">
<uri id="FF96640F337E020D4C86FBA995BE4144" box="[151,972,1086,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FFA152D8337E020D4DA7FBA895BE4144" box="[438,972,1086,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">15FE9256-ADA6-4618-835F-3096DD1A52FE</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D3B86337E020D4C86FB1595B64186" box="[151,964,1155,1179]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337E020D4C86FB1595B64186" blockId="2.[151,964,1155,1179]" box="[151,964,1155,1179]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337E020D4C86FB15976C4186" bold="true" box="[151,286,1155,1179]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">
<typeStatus id="54BCD6AF337E020D4C86FB1596BE4186" box="[151,204,1155,1179]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E337E020D4D3BFB1595054186" authority="Melika &amp; Nicholls. Designated" authorityName="Melika &amp; Nicholls. Designated" authorityYear="2021" box="[298,887,1155,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Grahamstoneia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337E020D4D3BFB1594474186" box="[298,565,1155,1179]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">Grahamstoneia humboldti</emphasis>
Melika &amp; Nicholls. Designated
</taxonomicName>
herein.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D3B86337E020D4C86FB5F97DB4036" pageId="2" pageNumber="458" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337E020D4C86FB5F95C84015" blockId="2.[151,1437,1225,1396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337E020D4C86FB5F976C41FE" bold="true" box="[151,286,1225,1251]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">Etymology.</emphasis>
In recognition of the continuous contribution of Prof. Graham N. Stone (Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of
<collectingRegion id="49C3A6EF337E020D4D78FB7B9790401A" box="[361,482,1261,1287]" country="United Kingdom" name="City of Edinburgh" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">Edinburgh</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F310289D337E020D4DFCFB7894654015" box="[493,535,1262,1288]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">UK</collectingCountry>
) to related studies on oak gall wasps.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337E020D4CD6FA8797DB4036" blockId="2.[151,1437,1225,1396]" box="[199,425,1297,1323]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337E020D4CD6FA8797544036" bold="true" box="[199,294,1297,1323]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">Gender.</emphasis>
Masculine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D3B86337E020B4CD6FAA3922544E8" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="460" pageId="2" pageNumber="458" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337E020D4CD6FAA39583406E" blockId="2.[151,1437,1225,1396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337E020D4CD6FAA397304052" bold="true" box="[199,322,1333,1359]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E337E020D4D5BFAA3978A4052" authority="Melika &amp; Nicholls, 2021" authorityName="Melika &amp; Nicholls" authorityYear="2021" box="[330,504,1333,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Grahamstoneia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337E020D4D5BFAA3978A4052" box="[330,504,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">Grahamstoneia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B973B41F337E020D4E16FAA394004052" bold="true" box="[519,626,1333,1359]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2400964337E020D4E16FAA394004052" box="[519,626,1333,1359]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is closely related phylogenetically (see
<figureCitation id="133C7488337E020D4828FAA392F14052" box="[1081,1155,1333,1359]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1395,1419]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,385,1363]" captionTargetId="figure-127@7.[151,1436,381,1372]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 13. Majority-rule consensus tree showing the phylogenetic relationships of the new genus Grahamstoneia, based on a Bayesian analysis of a concatenation of four loci (cytochrome b, the D2 region of the 28S rRNA gene, long-wavelength opsin, and wingless). Numbers above nodes indicate posterior probability support." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5119539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5119539/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">Fig 13</figureCitation>
) and morphologically to
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E337E020D4C86FACC9767406E" authorityName="Kinsey. Descriptions" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,277,1370,1395]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Heteroecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337E020D4C86FACC9767406E" box="[151,277,1370,1395]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">Heteroecus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs in multiple morphological characters as listed below:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337E020D4CB7FA30959140DD" blockId="2.[166,1407,1446,1989]" box="[166,995,1446,1473]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337E020D4CB7FA30959140DD" bold="true" box="[166,995,1446,1473]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E337E020D4CB7FA30972B40DC" authority="Melika &amp; Nicholls, 2021" authorityName="Melika &amp; Nicholls" authorityYear="2021" box="[166,345,1446,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Grahamstoneia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337E020D4CB7FA30972B40DC" bold="true" box="[166,345,1446,1473]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">Grahamstoneia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2400964337E020D4D76FA3097A240DD" box="[359,464,1446,1472]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E337E020D4F39FA31959140DD" box="[808,995,1446,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Heteroecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337E020D4F39FA3195D940DC" bold="true" box="[808,939,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">Heteroecus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337E020D4CB7FA4692F540F7" blockId="2.[166,1407,1446,1989]" box="[166,1159,1488,1515]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">Head nearly as wide as high in frontal view Head transverse in frontal view</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337E020D4CB7FA6C93634309" blockId="2.[166,1407,1446,1989]" box="[166,1297,1530,1557]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">Head reticulate Head delicately coriaceous, never reticulate</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337E020D4CB7F9B29502437F" blockId="2.[166,1407,1446,1989]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">Head and mesosoma dark brown to black Head and mesosoma lighter, chestnut brown or rusty brown</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337E020D4CB7F9E5941443AC" blockId="2.[166,1407,1446,1989]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">Antenna with 12 flagellomeres; suture between F12 Antenna with 12–13 flagellomeres; all distinct and F11 indistinct, F12 shorter than F11</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337E020D4CB7F95792D743E2" blockId="2.[166,1407,1446,1989]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">Pronotum laterally, mesoscutum, mesopleuron uni- Pronotum laterally, mesoscutum, mesopleuron deliformly reticulate cately coriaceous, never reticulate</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337E020D4CB7F89995D74250" blockId="2.[166,1407,1446,1989]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">Pronotum along anterolateral edge with few setae Pronotum along anterolateral edge always with dense white setae</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337E020D4CB7F8CB92D6426A" blockId="2.[166,1407,1446,1989]" box="[166,1188,1885,1911]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">Notauli posteriorly extremely broad Notauli posteriorly of usual width</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337E020D4CB7F81192FE42D8" blockId="2.[166,1407,1446,1989]" pageId="2" pageNumber="458">Lateral propodeal area with dense white setae hiding Lateral propodeal area with less dense white setae, the surface sculpture surface sculpture clearly visible</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337F020C4CB7FF3492B945FC" blockId="3.[166,1420,162,339]" pageId="3" pageNumber="459">Second metasomal tergite with short, dense felt-like Second metasomal tergite with numerous setae anterosetae anterolaterally laterally, without dense felt-like setae</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337F020C4CB7FF6695F4444F" blockId="3.[166,1420,162,339]" pageId="3" pageNumber="459">Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium as Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium always long as broad distinctly longer than broad, at least 3.0–4.0x as long as broad</paragraph>
<caption id="DF783885337F020C4C86F8F495D54283" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5119533" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5119533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5119533/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="459" startId="3.[151,264,1890,1914]" targetBox="[161,1414,368,1865]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337F020C4C86F8F495D54283" blockId="3.[151,1436,1890,1951]" pageId="3" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337F020C4C86F8F497484267" bold="true" box="[151,314,1890,1914]" pageId="3" pageNumber="459">FIGURES 1–6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E337F020C4D51F8F595634266" authority="Melika &amp; Nicholls" authorityName="Melika &amp; Nicholls. Designated" authorityYear="2021" box="[320,785,1891,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Grahamstoneia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337F020C4D51F8F594394266" box="[320,587,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="459">Grahamstoneia humboldti</emphasis>
Melika &amp; Nicholls
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B973B41F337F020C4F0AF8F595194266" bold="true" box="[795,875,1891,1915]" pageId="3" pageNumber="459">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2400964337F020C4F0AF8F595194266" box="[795,875,1891,1915]" pageId="3" pageNumber="459" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, asexual generation, female: 1–4, head: 1, frontal view, 2, posterior view, 3, dorsal view, 4, lateral view. 5, antenna. 6, forewing, part.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB8680D3378020B4CD6FF019358445C" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="460">
In all
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E3378020B4D1AFF01978245AC" box="[267,496,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B973B41F3378020B4D1AFF0197E545AD" box="[267,407,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="460">Dryocosmus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
the head is alutaceous and the mesopleuron and mesoscutum are smooth and shining, while in
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E3378020B4D21FF2D97AC45C8" authorityName="Melika &amp; Nicholls" authorityYear="2021" box="[304,478,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Grahamstoneia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973B41F3378020B4D21FF2D97AC45C8" box="[304,478,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="460">Grahamstoneia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
all these structures are reticulate. Similarly, no
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E3378020B4811FF2D928E45C8" authority="Hartig, 1840" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[1024,1276,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973B41F3378020B4811FF2D921745C8" box="[1024,1125,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="460">Andricus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9615FC3378020B487CFF2D928E45C8" author="Hartig, T." box="[1133,1276,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="460" pagination="322 - 358" refId="ref5388" refString="Hartig, T. (1840) Erster Nachtrag zur Naturgeschichte der Gallwespen. Zeitschrift fur Entomologie, Germar, 2, 322 - 358." type="journal article" year="1840">Hartig, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E3378020B4934FF2D97E045E4" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Callirhytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B973B41F3378020B4934FF2D93EE45C8" box="[1317,1436,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="460">Callirhytis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9615FC3378020B4C86FF49974B45E4" author="Foerster, A." box="[151,313,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="460" pagination="325 - 370" refId="ref5260" refString="Foerster, A. (1869) Ueber die Gallwespen. Verhandlungen der k. k. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 19, 325 - 370." type="journal article" year="1869">Foerster, 1869</bibRefCitation>
species
</taxonomicName>
are known in which the mesoscutum, mesopleuron and pronotum are all reticulate, with at least one of the mentioned structures (usually the lateral side of the pronotum and/or the mesopleuron) with nonreticulate sculpture. Additional characters also differentiate
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E3378020B4F25FEB19590445C" authority="Melika &amp; Nicholls, 2021" authorityName="Melika &amp; Nicholls" authorityYear="2021" box="[820,994,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Grahamstoneia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973B41F3378020B4F25FEB19590445C" box="[820,994,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="460">Grahamstoneia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B973B41F3378020B4FF8FEB19220445C" bold="true" box="[1001,1106,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="460">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24009643378020B4FF8FEB19220445C" box="[1001,1106,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="460" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from these genera.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8680D3378020B4CD6FEDD922544E8" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="460">
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E3378020B4CD6FEDD97074478" authority="Melika &amp; Nicholls, 2021" authorityName="Melika &amp; Nicholls" authorityYear="2021" box="[199,373,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Grahamstoneia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973B41F3378020B4CD6FEDD97074478" box="[199,373,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="460">Grahamstoneia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B973B41F3378020B4D6EFEDD97994478" bold="true" box="[383,491,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="460">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24009643378020B4D6EFEDD97994478" box="[383,491,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="460" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
also partially resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E3378020B4F1FFEDD950B4478" authorityName="Pujade-Villar &amp; Melika" authorityYear="2012" box="[782,889,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Zapatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973B41F3378020B4F1FFEDD950B4478" box="[782,889,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="460">Zapatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, in
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E3378020B4831FEDD92F94478" authorityName="Pujade-Villar &amp; Melika" authorityYear="2012" box="[1056,1163,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Zapatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973B41F3378020B4831FEDD92F94478" box="[1056,1163,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="460">Zapatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the ventral edge of the mesopleuron is always smooth, glabrous, not reticulate; notauli are narrower posteriorly; the median mesoscutal line always present; second metasomal tergite with felt-like dense ring of white setae, interrupted dorsally; narrow posterior band on second metasomal tergite and all subsequent tergites with delicate micropunctures; the prominent part of the ventral spine of the hypopygium 6.0–8.5x as long as broad in ventral view.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D3B86337802094CD6FE68975847D0" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="462" pageId="4" pageNumber="460" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB8680D3378020B4CD6FE68953E4720" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="460">
<emphasis id="B973B41F3378020B4CD6FE68972B4705" bold="true" box="[199,345,510,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="460">Description.</emphasis>
Asexual female (
<figureCitation id="133C74883378020B4E32FE6994EA4704" box="[547,664,511,537]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–6" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7–11" captionStartId-0="3.[151,264,1890,1914]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,264,1803,1827]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1414,368,1865]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1415,606,1764]" captionTargetId-0="figure-77@3.[152,1434,361,1865]" captionTargetId-1="figure-201@4.[156,1432,597,1780]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–6. Grahamstoneia humboldti Melika &amp; Nicholls, sp. nov., asexual generation, female: 1–4, head: 1, frontal view, 2, posterior view, 3, dorsal view, 4, lateral view. 5, antenna. 6, forewing, part." captionText-1="FIGURES 7–11. Grahamstoneia humboldti Melika &amp; Nicholls, sp. nov., asexual generation, female: 7, mesosoma, lateral view, 8–9, mesosoma, dorsal view, 10, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view, 11, metasoma, lateral view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5119533" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5119535" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5119533/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5119535/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="460">Figs 1–11</figureCitation>
). Head and mesosoma dark brown to black. Antennae, mouthparts, tegulae, metasoma brown, legs dark brown, with black coxae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7838853378020B4C86F89D937F4255" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5119535" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5119535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5119535/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="460" startId="4.[151,264,1803,1827]" targetBox="[164,1415,606,1764]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BB8680D3378020B4C86F89D937F4255" blockId="4.[151,1436,1803,1864]" pageId="4" pageNumber="460">
<emphasis id="B973B41F3378020B4C86F89D97374239" bold="true" box="[151,325,1803,1828]" pageId="4" pageNumber="460">FIGURES 7–11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E3378020B4D5BF89A95644239" authority="Melika &amp; Nicholls" authorityName="Melika &amp; Nicholls. Designated" authorityYear="2021" box="[330,790,1804,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Grahamstoneia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973B41F3378020B4D5BF89A94214239" box="[330,595,1804,1828]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="460">Grahamstoneia humboldti</emphasis>
Melika &amp; Nicholls
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B973B41F3378020B4F0EF89A951D4239" bold="true" box="[799,879,1804,1828]" pageId="4" pageNumber="460">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24009643378020B4F0EF89A951D4239" box="[799,879,1804,1828]" pageId="4" pageNumber="460" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, asexual generation, female: 7, mesosoma, lateral view, 8–9, mesosoma, dorsal view, 10, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view, 11, metasoma, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB8680D3378020A4CD6F8E092F747B4" blockId="4.[151,1436,1910,2009]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,681]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="461" pageId="4" pageNumber="460">Head reticulate, with sparse white setae, denser on lower face, as broad as high and broader than mesosoma in frontal view, 2.0x as broad as long in dorsal view. Gena alutaceous, not broadened behind eye in frontal view, 1.5x as wide as transverse diameter of eye in lateral view. Malar space reticulate, with delicate striae radiating from clypeus but not reaching eye, malar sulcus absent; height of eye equal to length of malar space. Inner margins of eyes parallel. POL 1.8x as long as OOL, OOL 1.8x as long as diameter of lateral ocellus and as long as LOL; lateral ocelli of equal size, slightly larger than central ocellus. Transfacial distance 1.2x as long as height of eye; diameter of antennal torulus 2.2x as long as distance between them, distance between torulus and eye 1.2x as long as diameter of torulus; lower face reticulate with dense white setae, with a few delicate striae radiating from clypeus and extending slightly above ventral edge of eyes; slightly elevated median area reticulate, with setae. Clypeus quadrangular, nearly as broad as high, smooth, glabrous, with a few long setae; ventrally rounded, not emarginate and without median incision; anterior tentorial pit large, rounded, epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line broad, well impressed. Frons and interocellar area uniformly reticulate, without striae and setae. Vertex, occiput, postocciput, postgena uniformly reticulate, with sparse white setae; posterior tentorial pit small, rounded, area below impressed; occipital foramen 2.5x as high as height of postgenal bridge; hypostomal carina emarginate, postgenal bridge very narrow, delimited by parallel postgenal sulci. Antenna slightly longer than head+mesosoma, with 12 flagellomeres (suture between F12 and F11 indistinct but traceable), pedicel slightly longer than broad; F1 1.7x as long as pedicel and equal in length to F2; F2 1.2x as long as F3; F3=F4, F5–F6 shorter and equal in length; subsequent flagellomeres shorter, nearly equal in length; F12 shorter than F11; placodeal sensilla on F3–F12.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7838853379020A4C86FA1192124082" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5119537" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5119537" box="[151,1120,1415,1439]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5119537/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="461" startId="5.[151,250,1415,1439]" targetBox="[163,1425,705,1392]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BB8680D3379020A4C86FA1192124082" blockId="5.[151,1120,1415,1439]" box="[151,1120,1415,1439]" pageId="5" pageNumber="461">
<emphasis id="B973B41F3379020A4C86FA1197524082" bold="true" box="[151,288,1415,1439]" pageId="5" pageNumber="461">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E3379020A4D37FA1194854082" authority="Melika &amp; Nicholls" authorityName="Melika &amp; Nicholls. Designated" authorityYear="2021" box="[294,759,1415,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Grahamstoneia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973B41F3379020A4D37FA1194434082" box="[294,561,1415,1439]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="461">Grahamstoneia humboldti</emphasis>
Melika &amp; Nicholls
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B973B41F3379020A4F13FA1195204082" bold="true" box="[770,850,1415,1439]" pageId="5" pageNumber="461">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24009643379020A4F13FA1195204082" box="[770,850,1415,1439]" pageId="5" pageNumber="461" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, asexual generation, galls.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337902094CD6FA5894E54494" blockId="5.[151,1437,1485,2016]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,717]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="462" pageId="5" pageNumber="461">Mesosoma slightly longer than high, with sparse short white setae. Pronotum reticulate, without striae laterally; propleuron smooth, glabrous. Mesoscutum uniformly reticulate, with a few white short setae; slightly longer than broad (greatest width measured across mesoscutum at level of base of tegulae). Notaulus incomplete, extend to 2/3 of mesoscutum length, shallow, extremely broad in posterior half, bottom reticulate; shape of notaulus unusual, in posterior 1/3 broad, with parallel sides, gradually narrowing until anterior end. Anterior parallel line extends to half the length of mesoscutum, elevated, marked with smooth line; parapsidal line distinct, elevated, smooth, glabrous, extends to half the length of mesoscutum; median mesoscutal line absent; circumscutellar carina narrow, extending above tegula. Transscutal articulation broad, well-impressed. Mesoscutellum rectangular, with parallel sides, slightly longer than broad, flat, not convex; posteriorly rounded and slightly incised in mid part; rugose along sides; reticulate in mid part, with central longitudinal line running along full length of mesoscutellum; overhanging metanotum. Mesoscutellar foveae separated medially; not delimited posteriorly, not impressed, located in the same plane as rest of mesoscutellum; bottom with the same reticulation as disk of mesoscutellum. Mesopleuron and speculum uniformly reticulate, with more delicate sculpture in the form of a line running across whole mesopleuron and a line which separates the speculum; mesopleural triangle smooth, with dense white setae hiding the surface sculpture; dorsal and lateral axillar areas reticulate; subaxillular bar smooth, glabrous, triangular, most posterior part slightly taller than height of metanotal trough; metapleural sulcus reaching mesopleuron in upper 1/3, upper part of sulcus distinct; metapleural sulcus delimiting smooth, glabrous area with very dense white setae, hiding the sculpture. Metapectus reticulate. Metascutellum reticulate, at least 4.0x as high as height of smooth, glabrous ventral impressed area; metanotal trough smooth, glabrous, with few setae; central propodeal area smooth, glabrous, with a few setae along anterior margin, with network of irregular rugae; lateral propodeal carinae straight, subparallel; lateral propodeal area reticulate, with long dense white setae. Nucha with numerous delicate sulci dorsally and laterally. Tarsal claws simple, without basal lobes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337A02094CD6FE05931344CC" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">Forewing longer than body, hyaline, margin without cilia, veins yellow, radial cell opened, R1 and Rs reaching wing margin; areolet triangular, well-delimited, Rs+M indistinct, its projection reaching basalis in lower half.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337A02094CD6FE4D92AE4798" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">Metasoma longer than head+mesosoma, slightly longer than high in lateral view; second metasomal tergum occupying 2/3 of metasoma length in dorsal view, with small dense white felt like setae anterolaterally, with dorsal and dorsolateral band of inconspicuous micropunctures on posterior end; all subsequent terga smooth, glabrous, with micropunctures. Hypopygium with micropunctures, prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium as long as broad in ventral view, with some short setae ventrally, which do not extend beyond apex of spine.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337A02094CD6FD19975847D0" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">
Currently one species,
<emphasis id="B973B41F337A02094DDDFD18922747B4" bold="true" box="[460,1109,654,681]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E337A02094DDDFD18959747B5" authority="Melika &amp; Nicholls" authorityName="Melika &amp; Nicholls. Designated" authorityYear="2021" box="[460,997,654,681]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Grahamstoneia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337A02094DDDFD18948C47B4" bold="true" box="[460,766,654,681]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">Grahamstoneia humboldti</emphasis>
Melika &amp; Nicholls
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2400964337A02094FE2FD19923D47B4" box="[1011,1103,655,681]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</emphasis>
belongs to this newly established genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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