321 lines
33 KiB
XML
321 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.5.3342" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b8e9da7e-1b95-4b66-b400-dad533d5428d" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152023577" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-5-1" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1314-4049-5-1" ModsDocOrigin="MycoKeys 5" ModsDocTitle="A review of the genus Bulbothrix Hale: the species with medullary salazinic acid lacking vegetative propagules" checkinTime="1451253006862" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Benatti, Michel N." docDate="2012" docId="3B901EB7F8D62D2ECFF41D99F6679E40" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 5: 1-30" docOrigin="MycoKeys 5" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.5.3342" docTitle="Bulbothrix sensibilis Hale. Phytologia 28: 481. 1974" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FFFDFFDAE4348862C732FF96FF87FFF4" masterDocTitle="A review of the genus Bulbothrix Hale: the species with medullary salazinic acid lacking vegetative propagules" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1643545948906" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A review of the genus Bulbothrix Hale: the species with medullary salazinic acid lacking vegetative propagules</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Benatti, Michel N.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>5</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>30</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.5.3342</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.5.3342</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-5-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152023577" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B901EB7F8D62D2ECFF41D99F6679E40" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B901EB7F8D62D2ECFF41D99F6679E40" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName LSID="Mycobank: MB 341612" authority="(Stein. & Zahlb.) Hale. Phytologia 28: 481. 1974." class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix sensibilis" order="Lecanorales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sensibilis">Bulbothrix sensibilis (Stein. & Zahlb.) Hale. Phytologia 28: 481. 1974.</taxonomicName>
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Figure 15
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Parmelia sensibilis" order="Lecanorales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sensibilis">Parmelia sensibilis</taxonomicName>
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Stein. & Zahlb. Afrikanische Flechten (Lichenes), Englers Botanische
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jahrbücher">Jahrbuecher</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="für">fuer</normalizedToken>
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Systematik 60: 522. 1926. [Basionym]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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British East Africa, Bei-Bura (Kenia), auf Baumzweigen, leg.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Schröder">Schroeder</normalizedToken>
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285 (W!).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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Thallus subirregularly to sublinearly sublaciniate, dusky gray in the herbarium, up to 6.9 cm diam., subcoriaceous, corticolous or ramulicolous; upper cortex 12.5−25.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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thick, algal layer 15.0−27.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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thick, medulla 87.5−120.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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thick, lower cortex 12.5−17.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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thick. Laciniae irregularly to occasionally anisotomically dichotomously branched, 1.3-5.2 mm wide, slightly imbricate, becoming crowded at the center, weakly adnate and loosely adpressed, with flat, subrounded to subtruncate apices; margins flat, slightly sinuous to crenate or irregular, entire to slightly incised, ocasionally sublacinulate; axils oval to irregular. Upper cortex smooth and continuous, becoming subrugose with occasional irregular cracks only on older parts; laminal ciliary bulbs absent. Adventitious marginal lacinulae scarce on older parts, short, 0.2-1.2
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<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="start">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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</pageBreakToken>
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0.1-0.2 mm, plane, simple to irregularly branched; apices truncate; lower side concolor with the lower marginal zone. Maculae weak to distinct, puntiform, laminal, more evident at distal parts of the thallus. Cilia black, without or with simple and short apices, occasionally bent downwards, 0.05-0.20 (-0.30)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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ca. 0.03 mm, with emerse bulbate bases 0.05−0.25 mm wide, occasionally withered and reniform, scarce along the margins, becoming frequent at the crenae and axils spaced ca. 0.05−0.15 mm from each other to eventually contiguous, solitary or in small groups becoming absent or scarce at the apices and adjacent parts of the laciniae. Soredia, Isidia, and Pustulae absent. Medulla white. Lower cortex black, with random dark brown spots at the transition to the center, slightly shiny, smooth to subrugose or subvenate, moderately rhizinate. Marginal zone mostly brown, attenuate, ca. 0.5−2.0 mmwide, partially black and indistinct from the center, slightly shiny, smooth to subvenate, weakly rhizinate until the transition to the center. Rhizinae black, sometimes partially dark brown close to the margins, simple to rarely furcate, without basal or displaced bulbs, 0.10-0.30 (-0.40)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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ca. 0.05 mm, usually frequent but scarcer at the margins and at the transition to the center, evenly distributed. Apothecia concave to subplane, sessile to adnate, 0.2−4.3 mm diam., laminal, ecoronate; margin and amphitecia initially smooth becoming subrugose, without ornamentations. Disc pale brown, epruinose, imperforate; epithecium 10.0-17.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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high; hymenium 30.0−47.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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high; subhymenium 20.0−30.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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high. Ascospores ellipsoid to oval, (7.0−) 8.0−12.0 (−13.0)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5.0−7.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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; epispore ca. 0.75
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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. Pycnidia frequent, laminal, immersed, with black ostioles. Conidia baciliform to weakly bifusiform 5.0−9.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.75
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">TLC/HPLC: cortical atranorin, medullary salazinic and consalazinic acids (see also Hale 1976).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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Asia: Sri Lanka (
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<bibRefCitation author="Awasthi, DD" journalOrPublisher="Biological Memoirs" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="155 - 229" title="Lichen genus Parmelia in India I - Subgenera Parmelia and Amphigymnia." volume="1" year="1976">Awasthi 1976</bibRefCitation>
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), India (
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<bibRefCitation author="Awasthi, DD" journalOrPublisher="Biological Memoirs" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="155 - 229" title="Lichen genus Parmelia in India I - Subgenera Parmelia and Amphigymnia." volume="1" year="1976">Awasthi 1976</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Divakar and Upreti 2005</bibRefCitation>
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), and Thailand (
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<bibRefCitation author="Pooprang, T" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="111 - 127" title="New species and new records in the lichen family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycotina) from Thailand." volume="71" year="1999">Pooprang et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
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);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="África">Africa</normalizedToken>
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: Kenya (
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<bibRefCitation author="Zahlbruckner, A" journalOrPublisher="Engler's Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="468 - 552" title="Afrikanische Flechten (Lichenes)." volume="60" year="1926">Zahlbruckner 1926</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Dodge, CW" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="39 - 193" title="Some lichens of tropical Africa III. Parmeliaceae." url="10.2307/2394567" volume="46" year="1959">Dodge 1959</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Swinscow and Krog 1988</bibRefCitation>
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), Tanzania (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Swinscow and Krog 1988</bibRefCitation>
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), Angola, Guinea, Malawi, Zaire, Zambia (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hale, ME" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Botany" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 29" title="A Monograph of the Lichen Genus Bulbothrix Hale (Parmeliaceae)." volume="32" year="1976 a">Hale 1976a</bibRefCitation>
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), Madagascar (
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<bibRefCitation author="Aptroot, A" journalOrPublisher="Cryptogamie, Bryologie et Lichenologie" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="401 - 408" title="Lichens of Madagascar: new and interesting records and species." volume="11" year="1990">Aptroot 1990</bibRefCitation>
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), and Rwanda (
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<bibRefCitation author="Killmann, D" journalOrPublisher="Willdenowia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="193 - 204" title="New records for the lichen flora of Rwanda, East Africa." url="10.3372/wi.35.35116" volume="35" year="2005">Killmann and Fischer 2005</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Bock, C" journalOrPublisher="Willdenowia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="563 - 575" title="The lichen flora of Rwanda: an annotated checklist." url="10.3372/wi.37.37216" volume="37" year="2007">Bock et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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); South America: Venezuela (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hale, ME" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Botany" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 29" title="A Monograph of the Lichen Genus Bulbothrix Hale (Parmeliaceae)." volume="32" year="1976 a">Hale 1976a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="López-Figueiras">Lopez-Figueiras</normalizedToken>
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1986
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</bibRefCitation>
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), Brazil - State of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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Paulo (
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<bibRefCitation author="Marcelli, MP" journalOrPublisher="Acta Botanica Brasilica" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="25 - 70" title="Pequenas Parmelia s. l. Ciliadas dos Cerrados Brasileiros." url="10.1590/S0102-33061993000200003" volume="7" year="1993">Marcelli 1993</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="additional specimens examined">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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Venezuela,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Táchira">Tachira</normalizedToken>
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, Via Rubio,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Brámon">Bramon</normalizedToken>
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, 800-1100 m, leg. M. E. Hale & M.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="López">Lopez</normalizedToken>
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Figueiras 45727, 24-III-1975 (US). Brazil,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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Paulo State, 6 km SW of Jaboticabal,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-21.583334">21°35'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-48.583332">48°35'W</geoCoordinate>
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, on trees in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="cerradão">cerradao</normalizedToken>
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, leg. A. Fletcher 10138, 03-V-1975 (BM). Idem, Pirassununga, Rawitscher Reserve, Cerrado auf Zweigen, leg. H. Walter & E. Walter Br 58, 30-IX-1965 (M).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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The holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix sensibilis" order="Lecanorales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sensibilis">Bulbothrix sensibilis</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 15) consists of a small thallus ca. 6.0 cm in diameter on tree branch, in a reasonable state of preservation, although several parts and apothecia are badly damaged. The material is glued to the card voucher, and it was necessary to free some laciniae for observation of the lower cortex. There are apothecia containing ascospores in good condition and there are several pycnidia with conidia.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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Steiner and Zahlbruckner (
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<bibRefCitation author="Zahlbruckner, A" journalOrPublisher="Engler's Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="468 - 552" title="Afrikanische Flechten (Lichenes)." volume="60" year="1926">Zahlbruckner 1926</bibRefCitation>
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) described the species as having no cilia, but mentioning of what they interpreted as a constant presence of parasites with inflated bases or converted into bulbs ("non rare planta parasitica inclusis, basin ve
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<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="18" start="start">rsus</pageBreakToken>
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semel vel bis bulbiformiter inflatis vel bulbum tantum formantibus"). The authors also noted the occurrence of brown patches in certain parts of the center of the thallus lower cortex, and not just at the margins.
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<bibRefCitation author="Dodge, CW" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="39 - 193" title="Some lichens of tropical Africa III. Parmeliaceae." url="10.2307/2394567" volume="46" year="1959">Dodge (1959)</bibRefCitation>
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commented on the tendency of laciniae in the central parts of the thalli to became with a more wrinkled and broken surface. The author also did not perceive the bulbate cilia, though he did mention something like small papillate rhizines along the margins. Interestingly, he described the apothecia as perforate, what was not found on the material examined here.
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<bibRefCitation author="Awasthi, DD" journalOrPublisher="Biological Memoirs" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="155 - 229" title="Lichen genus Parmelia in India I - Subgenera Parmelia and Amphigymnia." volume="1" year="1976">Awasthi (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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was the first author to describe bulbate cilia for the species. The characteristics he described are in accordance with the type material, only his measures of the laciniae being even wider (2.0 to 6.0 mm). The ascospore descriptions and measurements of the specimens studied by
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<bibRefCitation author="Dodge, CW" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="39 - 193" title="Some lichens of tropical Africa III. Parmeliaceae." url="10.2307/2394567" volume="46" year="1959">Dodge (1959)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Awasthi, DD" journalOrPublisher="Biological Memoirs" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="155 - 229" title="Lichen genus Parmelia in India I - Subgenera Parmelia and Amphigymnia." volume="1" year="1976">Awasthi (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Swinscow and Krog (1988)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Divakar and Upreti (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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are all in accordance with the type of material of
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix sensibilis" order="Lecanorales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sensibilis">Bulbothrix sensibilis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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The material atributted by
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<bibRefCitation author="Marcelli, MP" journalOrPublisher="Acta Botanica Brasilica" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="25 - 70" title="Pequenas Parmelia s. l. Ciliadas dos Cerrados Brasileiros." url="10.1590/S0102-33061993000200003" volume="7" year="1993">Marcelli (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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to
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix sensibilis" order="Lecanorales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sensibilis">Bulbothrix sensibilis</taxonomicName>
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, described as emaculate with a overall black lower cortex, sparse rhizines sparse and ascospores 12.6−14.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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7.2−8.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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are in fact weakly, sparsely maculate specimens of
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix meizospora" order="Lecanorales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="meizospora">Bulbothrix meizospora</taxonomicName>
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with laciniae and ascospore of minimum dimensions found in the species, but not below those considered normal.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<bibRefCitation author="Hale, ME" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Botany" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 29" title="A Monograph of the Lichen Genus Bulbothrix Hale (Parmeliaceae)." volume="32" year="1976 a">Hale (1976a)</bibRefCitation>
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attributed examined specimens from several African countries and Venezuela to
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix sensiblis" order="Lecanorales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sensiblis">Bulbothrix sensiblis</taxonomicName>
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, with a first citation of the species for the Americas. Overall, the material described is in accordance with the type material. However, in two keys (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hale, ME" journalOrPublisher="United States national Herbarium" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="121 - 191" title="Studies on Parmelia subgenus Parmelia. Contributions from the." volume="36" year="1964">Hale and Kurokawa 1964</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Hale, ME" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Botany" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 29" title="A Monograph of the Lichen Genus Bulbothrix Hale (Parmeliaceae)." volume="32" year="1976 a">Hale 1976a</bibRefCitation>
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) were cited ascospores sizes as 7.0−9.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, much smaller than the size 7.0−18.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5.0−12.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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that Hale mentioned in the description of the species in his monograph (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hale, ME" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Botany" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 29" title="A Monograph of the Lichen Genus Bulbothrix Hale (Parmeliaceae)." volume="32" year="1976 a">Hale 1976a</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<bibRefCitation author="Hale, ME" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Botany" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 29" title="A Monograph of the Lichen Genus Bulbothrix Hale (Parmeliaceae)." volume="32" year="1976 a">Hale (1976a)</bibRefCitation>
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cited in his key subirregular laciniae for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix meizospora" order="Lecanorales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="meizospora">Bulbothrix meizospora</taxonomicName>
|
||
and sublinear for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix sensibilis" order="Lecanorales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sensibilis">Bulbothrix sensibilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the opposite of what is in his descriptions, where
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix meizospora" order="Lecanorales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="meizospora">Bulbothrix meizospora</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the species described as having sublinear laciniae, not
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix sensibilis" order="Lecanorales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sensibilis">Bulbothrix sensibilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although he used different widths in the key laciniae as to differences for separate them, he also described the same size for both.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jungbluth, P" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="51 - 63" title="Five new species of Bulbothrix (Parmeliaceae) from cerrado vegetation in Sao Paulo State, Brazil." volume="104" year="2008">Jungbluth et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discussed in the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix vainioi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vainioi">Bulbothrix vainioi</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the possible identity of the South American material of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix sensibilis" order="Lecanorales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sensibilis">Bulbothrix sensibilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
seen by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hale, ME" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Botany" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 29" title="A Monograph of the Lichen Genus Bulbothrix Hale (Parmeliaceae)." volume="32" year="1976 a">Hale (1976a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The authors believed in the hypothesis of the involvement of two taxa, one composed of African and Indian specimens with ascospores less than 12.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long corresponding to the true
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix sensibilis" order="Lecanorales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sensibilis">Bulbothrix sensibilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the other composed of the South American specimens with ascospores larger than 12.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long that they described as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix vainioi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vainioi">Bulbothrix vainioi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
It is possible that
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hale, ME" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Botany" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 29" title="A Monograph of the Lichen Genus Bulbothrix Hale (Parmeliaceae)." volume="32" year="1976 a">Hale (1976a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
may have been confused when typing measurements closer to those of the ascospores of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix meizospora" order="Lecanorales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="meizospora">Bulbothrix meizospora</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix sensibilis" order="Lecanorales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sensibilis">Bulbothrix sensibilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, since the differences he used in the key are exactly as seen here. Another hypothesis is that Hale may have mistaken the material of Venezuela with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix sensibilis" order="Lecanorales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sensibilis">Bulbothrix sensibilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the similarity between the African specimens with his South American specimen. As found by analyzing material of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix vainioi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vainioi">Bulbothrix vainioi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix meizospora" order="Lecanorales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="meizospora">Bulbothrix meizospora</taxonomicName>
|
||
, even differences of cilia cited in the comments under
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix vainioi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vainioi">Bulbothrix vainioi</taxonomicName>
|
||
are minimal and usually found in the same species, even in a same specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix hypocraea" order="Lecanorales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="hypocraea">Bulbothrix hypocraea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Vain.) Halediffers by being more evidently maculate than
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix sensibilis" order="Lecanorales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sensibilis">Bulbothrix sensibilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by the pale brown lower cortex with slighly darker margins, and by the
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="19" start="start">brown</pageBreakToken>
|
||
rhizines with dark basal or displaced bulbs.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hale, ME" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Botany" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 29" title="A Monograph of the Lichen Genus Bulbothrix Hale (Parmeliaceae)." volume="32" year="1976 a">Hale (1976a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that although the african-american pattern of distribution,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix sensibilis" order="Lecanorales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sensibilis">Bulbothrix sensibilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
was a much rarer species, believing that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix sensibilis" order="Lecanorales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sensibilis">Bulbothrix sensibilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
should either be or resemble the parental form of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix tabacina" order="Lecanorales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="tabacina">Bulbothrix tabacina</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Mont. & Bosch) Hale. In turn,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix tabacina" order="Lecanorales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="tabacina">Bulbothrix tabacina</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L! lectotype, duplicate at PC!) differs by the formation of laminal isidia, a uniformly black lower cortex, and by the averagely larger ascospores 9.0−16.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
5.0−8.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix bulbochaeta" order="Lecanorales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="bulbochaeta">Bulbothrix bulbochaeta</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hale) Hale (LWG! holotype, US! isotype) differs by the narrower laciniae ca. 1.0−2.5 mm wide, the branched cilia and rhizines, the constant presence of laminal ciliary bulbs, the coronate apothecia containing very small and rounded ascospores 4.0−6.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3.0−4.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
and by the absence of medullary substances.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix linteolocarpa" order="Lecanorales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="linteolocarpa">Bulbothrix linteolocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||
Marcelli was compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix sensibilis" order="Lecanorales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sensibilis">Bulbothrix sensibilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Marcelli, MP" journalOrPublisher="Acta Botanica Brasilica" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="25 - 70" title="Pequenas Parmelia s. l. Ciliadas dos Cerrados Brasileiros." url="10.1590/S0102-33061993000200003" volume="7" year="1993">Marcelli (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and differs by the linear, narrower and truncated laciniae 0.2−0.6 (−0.8) mm wide, the brown lower cortex, the very adnate, distended plane apothecia containing larger ascospores 12.0−16.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
6.0−8.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and by the frequent cilia with smaller bulbs (similar in size and aspect to those found in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix" order="Lecanorales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Bulbothrix</taxonomicName>
|
||
species containing gyrophoric acid) and longer apices.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix meizospora" order="Lecanorales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="meizospora">Bulbothrix meizospora</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Steiner & Zahlbruckner) Hale differs by the laciniae usually more irregularly branched and with rounded apices, and by the always larger ascospores, measuring 12.0−22.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
8.0−12.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Comparatively, thalli of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix sensibilis" order="Lecanorales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sensibilis">Bulbothrix sensibilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also more evidently maculate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |