196 lines
17 KiB
XML
196 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="4CD67B0D741134B5B93D3393A805788A" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32793" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7887c2f9-a00f-484e-93c2-595204b8e28d" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-1-133" ID-ZooBank="3447C0590FE0482F81D09F91BC1ED7EC" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1860-0743-1-133" ModsDocOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 1" ModsDocTitle="Tadpoles of three western African frog genera: Astylosternus Werner, 1898, Nyctibates Boulenger, 1904, and Scotobleps Boulenger, 1900 (Amphibia, Anura, Arthroleptidae)" checkinTime="1554510561182" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Griesbaum, Frederic, Hirschfeld, Mareike, F. Barej, Michael, Schmitz, Andreas, Rohrmoser, Mariam, Dahmen, Matthias, Muehlberger, Fabian, Christoph Liedtke, H., L. Gonwouo, Nono, Doumbia, Joseph & Roedel, Mark-Oliver" docDate="2019" docId="22A221782460186D604340A65E8AC287" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 95(1): 133-160" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32793" docTitle="Nyctibates corrugatus Boulenger 1904" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="149" masterDocId="7B4FFF9EFF8EFFA7275BFFDEFFA0A36C" masterDocTitle="Tadpoles of three western African frog genera: Astylosternus Werner, 1898, Nyctibates Boulenger, 1904, and Scotobleps Boulenger, 1900 (Amphibia, Anura, Arthroleptidae)" masterLastPageNumber="160" masterPageNumber="133" pageNumber="147" updateTime="1701316964302" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="149075A8A50F2CD9984256544879A299">Tadpoles of three western African frog genera: Astylosternus Werner, 1898, Nyctibates Boulenger, 1904, and Scotobleps Boulenger, 1900 (Amphibia, Anura, Arthroleptidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9C60557CA12153BC8AD067AF125316D2">Griesbaum, Frederic</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C4665002F33D8A85137C33777B06F35B">Hirschfeld, Mareike</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="09E5BD9391886598AEBEF94D02A46FBC">F. Barej, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E9BC545EE921E140AF37182CF09AAABA">Schmitz, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="621A4D35041B5C89E87C75D797CB38CD">Rohrmoser, Mariam</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="352CB557D88009182AEDE33B53B5779F">Dahmen, Matthias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6CD66D35405750091085FDE3BE932684">Muehlberger, Fabian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9F5E54421AA2ABC49AAB0E59A080C3F3">Christoph Liedtke, H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="752121B9156176DB2104639417953000">L. Gonwouo, Nono</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EF446A6AA0962FE4114AAB63790F13D8">Doumbia, Joseph</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EF6953808A45B24E0015C7D56B718E3B">Roedel, Mark-Oliver</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="67A965CD8345BE22C89CF6737F46F277">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="805E7250C374E4418AB5A1A5B9A1A4F2">Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B43C1A5B549486DB7D02C4A47EDF751C">
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<mods:date id="E546413D90CCEC666D0805878345F117">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="81D294D7A72B681F149795BC1EC22031" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="5FCE5920CE3259768A0277A05F12FB4E">95</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D2802E63A0F5B210154A03E6420491FE">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="48F750F054956B0F16292B144CDF4D9E">133</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="054AAA7903DF3A17B7109FBD89E9129B">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32793</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="8059C04668C04473DB87093767EF31AE">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="69AD325D452413D5EDB13407C21701B4" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32793</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D3EA9B424E0D061F91FF20408C99A362" type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-1-133</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6ADD6DF9AE972AA6C273C8529A9AF275" type="ZooBank">3447C0590FE0482F81D09F91BC1ED7EC</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="22A221782460186D604340A65E8AC287" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156108989" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:22A221782460186D604340A65E8AC287" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/22A221782460186D604340A65E8AC287" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">
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<subSubSection id="6087277256AE66DFF97E85D11BA01ADB" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8981E7D0CDA94281E2CACC308C27936C" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName id="C9EF6F92FDCCD33329C3A8E8309FBCD5" ID-CoL="485FQ" authority="Boulenger, 1904" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1904" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Nyctibates" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nyctibates corrugatus" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="corrugatus">Nyctibates corrugatus Boulenger, 1904</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="874D6322931EDAC50347DE17C1AFDF08" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="BAED74DDE36F5404EBDBE763F11F993F" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8E2319C4DA3FF9876B1643572032EAEA" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">
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ZMB 82109, Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Mt Kala, near Kala village, 848 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="2512BB9CA82C10986146C4E12A0DD90F" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="3.8421834">3°50'31.86"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="6BEBB167AF91D6264A53D45C16C69B11" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="11.3512">11°21'4.32"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 9 November 2015, leg. M.F. Barej, H.C. Liedtke & L.N Gonwouo; ZMB 82112, Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Ebo Forest, Njuma, 311 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="A04A6C47DD71DB7BBD52C05606AAE419" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.3654666">4°21'55.68"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="96E42FB019786EEF1F3E502DC03A15CD" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="10.421801">10°25'18.48"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 6 October 2011, leg. M. Dahmen; ZMB 82115, Gosner stage 26, Cameroon, Ebo Forest, Njuma, 255 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="FAB8B63406C9A5E72FB6C3A933B35F87" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.347517">4°20'51.06"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="0F9EE81CBEF1BD39416A10B6F6F6B5FB" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="10.226399">10°13'35.04"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 27 September 2010, leg. M. Hirschfeld & M.-O.
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<normalizedToken id="AF3A3ADF06D36635394B322EE6D2C144" originalValue="Rödel">Roedel</normalizedToken>
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; ZMB 82116, Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Ebo Forest, Bekop, 825 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="88C9A2837B068E4A9EE33E1FD01C3417" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.3654666">4°21'55.68"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="3423B7EDFBE8D1F9FCB6244A3F9FBE2F" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="10.421801">10°25'18.48"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 10 January 2011, leg. M. Hirschfeld & F.
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<normalizedToken id="D99EE158D615E7A6A7ABA300A359B362" originalValue="Grözinger">Groezinger</normalizedToken>
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; ZMB 88351 (GenBank MK318904), Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Korup National Park, Esukutan, 422 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="7B8E9371C2A22A431A1B1D013B3A0064" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="5.3735585">5°22'24.81"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="FD11275869F52BBAF0E46B358A5B215D" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.997598">8°59'51.35"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 20 May 2014, leg. F.
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<normalizedToken id="4233E68CA1468F6E498A7E1CB1F99FE9" originalValue="Mühlberger">Muehlberger</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="76AA5706AF78B42BC698F2866565289B" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">
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All tadpoles were collected from small to medium-sized forest streams. The description is mainly based on ZMB 82112 and ZMB 82115. The latter specimen was the bases of the description by
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<bibRefCitation id="7DB579D8B02F6DC15036C66BFFFC95B6" author="Channing, A" journalOrPublisher="Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt / M." pageId="20" pageNumber="153" title="Tadpoles of Africa - The biology and identification of all known tadpoles in sub-Saharan Africa." year="2012">Channing et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
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. The
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<taxonomicName id="D1285D19DC4A2093353786F142B5702D" lsidName="N. corrugatus" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="corrugatus">N. corrugatus</taxonomicName>
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tadpole was first described by
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<bibRefCitation id="62CDEBB01D3F10D2875759070CC905DE" author="Amiet, JL" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Faculte des Sciences du Cameroun" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" pagination="85 - 98" title="Le tetard d'Astylosternuscorrugatus Boulenger (Amphibien Anoure)." volume="6" year="1971">Amiet (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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. The genotyped tadpole has been compared with an adult from the vicinity of Ediensoa, Cameroon (GenBank DQ283361). The two sequences were identical.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B2D998BBBC7D942B658E0DE4D17DA9EB" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" type="description">
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<paragraph id="551F2558A75E82E76BB808DE82216737" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C419AABA6CFAB5C195B73684890CE490" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="14" pageNumber="147">
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Very long and robust, but still slender tadpole with strong, muscular tail (Fig. 16); body oblong
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<pageBreakToken id="8659E076F5AD915C60D240B069EEF4CF" pageId="15" pageNumber="148" start="start">oval</pageBreakToken>
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to almost rectangular in dorsal view (Fig. 16b shows some artificial shrinking), flattened and elongated in lateral view, belly region fatter than head; snout rounded in dorsal view, more narrowly rounded in lateral view; body length 38.0
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<normalizedToken id="2877FF69CAEBFACFB2CFF8A088718F16" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1.3% of total length; body height 29.0
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<normalizedToken id="2329264E4E6648AC0B458BD8E1BAB7BD" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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3.5% of body length; body width 39.5
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<normalizedToken id="DD214C405CE30244CCBB650DDF762EC5" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.7% of body length; eyes positioned dorsolaterally, eye diameter 6.4
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<normalizedToken id="ED03F9A15F73E7B1948DB16090F3AEE7" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.9% of body length; nostrils positioned dorsolaterally, closer to snout tip than to eyes; inter-nostril distance 83.4
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<normalizedToken id="48DEC764EF4A192CA994CEA590DC11B6" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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4.9% of interorbital distance; tail fins narrow, ventral fin originating from tail base, dorsal fin originates at about first third of the tail; ventral fin height 76.5
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<normalizedToken id="16A5D9D0951C560F1777AA41AA8A52E6" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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3.3%, than dorsal fin height; highest part of tail in the last third; body height 81.8
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<normalizedToken id="DA99C5C060A04AA4805CD70FB7FC36D5" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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8.3% of maximum tail height; tail axis width 53.4
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<normalizedToken id="448C8965A93F25B2060723492970ED64" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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2.9% of body width; tail axis height 62.3
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<normalizedToken id="1D0B819588D7EED0EB52B771E79F4A01" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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6.8% of maximum tail height; tail tip pointed; vent tube dextral; body with large lateral air sacs, extending from spiracle to end of body; short spiracle, sinistral; mouth ventral, near snout and narrower than interorbital distance; labial tooth formula 1/1; anterior labium consists of two semicircular lobes, the edges carrying a row of short round marginal papillae, the gap between the two lobes very small; posterior labium a wide, flat lobe, carrying one row of about 20-30 uniform, short round marginal papillae, a few further, widely spaced small, wart-like papillae are arranged in one transversal row across the labium; heavily serrated, black jaws; upper jaw broadly arched with a medial fang, lower jaw broadly V-shaped without a notch.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="C2B7E4150D690B5BED3680BB1C968EB6" pageId="15" pageNumber="148">
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<paragraph id="876B48266B2E6B44CAE025B0E558B511" pageId="15" pageNumber="148">
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Figure 16.
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<taxonomicName id="450753DCC6A6401E12EA978A5C21E81A" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Nyctibates" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nyctibates corrugatus" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="corrugatus">Nyctibates corrugatus</taxonomicName>
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tadpole (ZMB 82112, Gosner stage 25); a lateral, and b dorsal view; c oral disc; d keratodont arrangement; the downward bent head (a) is a preservation artifact; black bars = 1 cm, white bar = 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="A3CD4C53F7AC730ABF4B74B37BBB3D96" pageId="15" pageNumber="148">The largest specimen (Gosner stage 25) measured 81 mm total length.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D7FA9E1424281C43618F7AC0605B2DBC" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="15" pageNumber="148" type="coloration in preservation">
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<paragraph id="F9DBB5069EDA470F0B4FD9EC262BDC71" pageId="15" pageNumber="148">Coloration in preservation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B69996A05F196EBA13863A9740A45C9E" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="15" pageNumber="148">
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Body and tail including fins plain brown in preservation; ventrum brighter and more
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<pageBreakToken id="FB82FC9A941C06F9BA5A552056260FCB" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" start="start">grayish</pageBreakToken>
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; ventral fin brighter and more transparent than dorsal fin (Fig. 16). In life the tadpoles are dark brown to almost black with a blue tinge along the lower parts of flanks, belly and tail axis (Fig. 17). ZMB 82109 shows large areas of little or absent pigmentation, what might be a preservation artifact.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="3427DCB08FB31BA549838145A027E5A4" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">
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<paragraph id="855C91D5182DA6486A23137EF308C5BC" pageId="16" pageNumber="149">
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Figure 17.
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<taxonomicName id="06180FFC32559261D0F611659E863CA1" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Nyctibates" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nyctibates corrugatus" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="corrugatus">Nyctibates corrugatus</taxonomicName>
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tadpole in life coloration (ZMB 82115, Gosner stage 26), from Ebo forest, southern Cameroon.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |