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<document id="D4CB66881A35AC0F5C1FE1D896DD2F8F" ID-DOI="10.1649/0010-065x-64.3.187.2" ID-ISSN="1938-4394" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10102133" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1630153054997" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Caterino, Michael S. &amp; Chandler, Donald S." docDate="2010" docId="213E87873B1B9962C2B5FEB5FC04FCF2" docLanguage="en" docName="0010-065X-64.3.187.2.pdf.imf" docOrigin="The Coleopterists Bulletin 64 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-64.3.187.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0305A7CAC51C960DDA50A7292A4D3620.8:TheColeopBull.2010-2016.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="0305A7CAC51C960DDA50A7292A4D3620" docStyleName="TheColeopBull.2010-2016.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Actium vestigialis Caterino and Chandler, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="190" masterDocId="DD07FFFF3B1A9961C203FC25FFA5FF9D" masterDocTitle="A New Species of Actium Casey (Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) Endemic to Santa Catalina Island, California" masterLastPageNumber="191" masterPageNumber="187" pageNumber="188" updateTime="1699619608097" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="2AE3D4EB445BFCA54A971FA5E7B1D9C9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="B5FA693AF67A98B74C9E4D402FF363D1">
<mods:title id="69E9F999DC8F44F9083BDA63E359983F">A New Species of Actium Casey (Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) Endemic to Santa Catalina Island, California</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="C8E8A70C1BD2296C1231BF69CD3953A3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1BFA528E9A61EA12C482A0585ED9B69F">
<mods:roleTerm id="4E63BB3FF7FF6B6C4AC447D016AD6483">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6439AA9204AB242E1A5C125E88761C9F">Caterino, Michael S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C250948F8A38E0D0EF13B7E5DA78F36E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="43FBFB850E1B08E34E9E1E1C20341045">
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<mods:namePart id="BFB2FD4872A7023D1DA66642EFDF7634">Chandler, Donald S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="019E9A35A5E2793E8C86E7A93489F3F5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="56FF72EF96C49E656A547A5D9D1DFDAE" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="8609B0E685D722C4EA40B258103900ED">
<mods:title id="E0E47350E160BCA7EF73EB405E808D48">The Coleopterists Bulletin</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="37A211BA4B16B806F7F076C9CD80C152">
<mods:date id="1D1E29DFC9A25CF9548489015C9D8551">2010</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="5B87C351458DC9835490FCBA0AD5997F" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="8BA0CCE1116996F446E55786C82BACEE">2010-09-30</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="5FE518C5A53D86B273052A0D6A108945" type="volume">
<mods:number id="5B31C5F4E5977D3A786A06ABEE1EDEEE">64</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="803549E8DD18F25DA44AFAF8D2CECB49">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="4491DCF20FB3B42AFB7D33EF1D1C625C">187</mods:start>
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<mods:location id="E1B88028BD9B2278997A9CEB5AA1BED4">
<mods:url id="68E492C7DC8A7D83772D287F4B84C23F">http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-64.3.187.2</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="F5DC855F40C8865CE2549592E5D8A350">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="317B20BE898AD0EF3424DE15361CBC0A" type="DOI">10.1649/0010-065x-64.3.187.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E5414650410CDEDEEB41BEDEF75AE0B2" type="ISSN">1938-4394</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="22D87ADBD800B916ECC76B840EDC1BBE" type="Zenodo-Dep">10102133</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="213E87873B1B9962C2B5FEB5FC04FCF2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:213E87873B1B9962C2B5FEB5FC04FCF2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/213E87873B1B9962C2B5FEB5FC04FCF2" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="190" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
<subSubSection id="E18D651A3B1B9960C2B5FEB5FE60FD5D" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A92836913B1B9960C2B5FEB5FE60FD5D" blockId="1.[182,607,656,731]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
<heading id="F26081FD3B1B9960C2B5FEB5FE60FD5D" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" reason="2">
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B1B9960C2B5FEB5FE60FD5D" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
<taxonomicName id="6E974D123B1B9960C2B5FEB5FDFEFD38" ID-CoL="9V2F" authority="Caterino and Chandler" authorityName="Caterino and Chandler" box="[182,603,656,677]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Actium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vestigialis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B1B9960C2B5FEB5FEC1FD38" bold="true" box="[182,356,656,677]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Actium vestigialis</emphasis>
Caterino and Chandler
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80D057F83B1B9960C34CFE8EFE60FD5D" box="[335,453,683,704]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E18D651A3B1B9960C34CFEE0FE60FD47" box="[335,453,709,731]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="description">
<paragraph id="A92836913B1B9960C34CFEE0FE60FD47" blockId="1.[182,607,656,731]" box="[335,453,709,731]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
(
<figureCitation id="31AC2A143B1B9960C355FEE0FE1BFD47" box="[342,446,709,731]" captionStart-0="Figs" captionStart-1="Figs" captionStart-2="Figs" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStartId-0="1.[175,215,1686,1705]" captionStartId-1="2.[197,237,1162,1181]" captionStartId-2="3.[175,216,597,616]" captionStartId-3="3.[175,209,1638,1657]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1171,833,1663]" captionTargetBox-1="[173,1193,183,1138]" captionTargetBox-2="[166,627,191,565]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,637,1251,1615]" captionTargetId-0="figure-286@1.[151,1171,833,1663]" captionTargetId-1="figure-271@2.[173,1193,183,1138]" captionTargetId-2="figure-523@3.[151,638,183,574]" captionTargetId-3="figure-567@3.[151,638,1251,1615]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionTargetPageId-3="3" captionText-0="Figs. 1–4. Scanning electron micrographs of paratype female of Actium vestigialis. 1) Dorsal habitus; 2) Head, lateral view; 3) Prothorax, dorsal view; 4) Head, dorsofrontal view." captionText-1="Figs. 5–10. Scanning electron micrographs of paratype female of Actium vestigialis. 5) Elytra, dorsal view; 6) First visible abdominal tergite, dorsal view; 7) Antenna; 8) Mesofemur and mesotibia; 9) Profemur and protibia; 10) Metafemur and metatibia." captionText-2="Figs. 11–14. Diagnostic morphological features of Actium vestigialis. 11) Aedeagus,left lateral view;12) Apex of parameres and median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal view; 13) Male mesothoracic leg, anterior view; 14) Sternites IX and X of female, dorsal view." captionText-3="Fig. 15. Map of Santa Catalina Island, showing location relative to the southern California coast (inset), and collection localities of type series: type locality (star), additional locality (dot)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102135" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102137" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102139" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102143" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10102135/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10102137/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10102139/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10102143/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Figs. 1–15</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E18D651A3B1B9960C2ACFED5FC6DFD8B" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A92836913B1B9960C2ACFED5FDDAFC98" blockId="1.[151,639,752,800]" box="[175,639,752,773]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B1B9960C2ACFED5FEE3FC98" bold="true" box="[175,326,752,773]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Type Material.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="762C88333B1B9960C357FED5FE09FC98" box="[340,428,752,773]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male (CBP0100939):
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A92836913B1B9960C294FF2FFDDBFC82" blockId="1.[151,639,752,800]" box="[151,638,778,800]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
“
<materialsCitation id="19FF3CCC3B1B9960C2A1FF2FFDDFFC82" box="[162,634,778,799]" collectionCode="CA" county="Los Angeles Co." latitude="33.389" location="Los Angeles Co." longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-118.3962" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="CF86AE543B1B9960C2A1FF2FFF62FC82" box="[162,199,778,799]" country="USA" name="Chicago Academy of Sciences" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="Museum">CA</collectionCode>
:
<collectingCounty id="40494E1D3B1B9960C2D0FF2FFEDEFC82" box="[211,379,778,799]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Los Angeles Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="CCA350563B1B9960C38BFF2FFE56FC82" box="[392,499,778,799]" degrees="33.3890" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" precision="5" value="33.389">33.3890°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="CCA350563B1B9960C003FF2FFDDFFC82" box="[512,634,778,799]" degrees="118.3962" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" precision="5" value="-118.3962">118.3962°W</geoCoordinate>
</materialsCitation>
,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A92836913B1B9960C0AEFCE7FC6DFD8B" blockId="1.[685,1172,194,799]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
Santa Catalina Isl., nr. Blackjack Peak, i.31.2010, M.S. Caterino &amp; K.J. Hopp,
<taxonomicName id="6E974D123B1B9960C1F1FCF9FBE1FF6C" box="[1010,1092,220,241]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B1B9960C1F1FCF9FBE1FF6C" box="[1010,1092,220,241]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
litter”,
<collectionCode id="CF86AE543B1B9960C0AEFCD2FD50FE91" box="[685,757,247,268]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">SBMN</collectionCode>
;
<materialsCitation id="19FF3CCC3B1B9960C101FCD2FC94FEC1" collectionCode="SBMN, CASC, LACM, DSC" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="5" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="762C88333B1B9960C101FCD2FCC3FE91" box="[770,870,247,268]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="BF91FD183B1B9960C171FCD2FC70FE91" box="[882,981,247,268]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
, same data as type (CBP0100940, CBP0100941, CBP0100942, CBP0100943, CBP0100944),
<collectionCode id="CF86AE543B1B9960C1F2FD09FB9FFEDC" box="[1009,1082,300,321]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">SBMN</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="CF86AE543B1B9960C64EFD09FB35FEDC" box="[1101,1168,300,321]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">CASC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="CF86AE543B1B9960C0AEFD62FD51FEC1" box="[685,756,327,348]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="Museum">LACM</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="CF86AE543B1B9960C103FD62FC94FEC1" box="[768,817,327,348]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s9x3-awht" name="Dicty Stock Center" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">DSC</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="19FF3CCC3B1B9960C13FFD62FB34FE31" collectionCode="CA, SBMN" collectorName="M. S. Caterino &amp; K. J. Hopp" county="Los Angeles Co." latitude="33.3896" location="Santa Catalina Isl." longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-118.3969" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="BF91FD183B1B9960C13FFD62FC35FEC1" box="[828,912,327,348]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(CBP0099367): “
<collectionCode id="CF86AE543B1B9960C642FD62FBC3FEC1" box="[1089,1126,327,348]" country="USA" name="Chicago Academy of Sciences" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="Museum">CA</collectionCode>
:
<collectingCounty id="40494E1D3B1B9960C673FD62FC91FEEA" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Los Angeles Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="CCA350563B1B9960C145FD47FC1DFEEA" box="[838,952,354,375]" degrees="33.3896" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" precision="5" value="33.3896">33.3896°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="CCA350563B1B9960C1CAFD47FBEFFEEA" box="[969,1098,354,375]" degrees="118.3969" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" precision="5" value="-118.3969">118.3969°W</geoCoordinate>
,
<location id="AC48604A3B1B9960C65FFD47FC82FE0C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:213E87873B1B9962C2B5FEB5FC04FCF2:AC48604A3B1B9960C65FFD47FC82FE0C" county="Los Angeles Co." latitude="33.3896" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-118.3969" name="Santa Catalina Isl." pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Santa Catalina Isl.</location>
, nr. Blackjack Peak, i.31.2010,
<collectorName id="046253473B1B9960C667FD59FD58FE31" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">M.S. Caterino</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="046253473B1B9960C114FDB2FCD2FE31" box="[791,887,407,428]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">K.J. Hopp</collectorName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6E974D123B1B9960C17CFDB3FBA2FE36" box="[895,1031,406,427]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Lyonothamnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B1B9960C17CFDB3FBA2FE36" box="[895,1031,406,427]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Lyonothamnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
litter”,
<collectionCode id="CF86AE543B1B9960C648FDB2FB34FE31" box="[1099,1169,407,428]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">SBMN</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="19FF3CCC3B1B9960C0AEFD94FC61FD8B" collectionCode="CA, SBMN" collectorName="M. S. Caterino &amp; K. J. Hopp" county="Los Angeles Co." latitude="33.454" location="Santa Catalina Isl." longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-118.5178" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="BF91FD183B1B9960C0AEFD94FCA9FE5B" box="[685,780,433,454]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(CBP0025404): “
<collectionCode id="CF86AE543B1B9960C1D6FD94FC5EFE5B" box="[981,1019,433,454]" country="USA" name="Chicago Academy of Sciences" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="Museum">CA</collectionCode>
:
<collectingCounty id="40494E1D3B1B9960C60EFD94FD77FE7C" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Los Angeles Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="CCA350563B1B9960C0DDFDE9FCECFE7C" box="[734,841,460,481]" degrees="33.4540" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" precision="5" value="33.454">33.4540°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="CCA350563B1B9960C156FDE9FC75FE7C" box="[853,976,460,481]" degrees="118.5178" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" precision="5" value="-118.5178">118.5178°W</geoCoordinate>
,
<location id="AC48604A3B1B9960C1D8FDE9FB35FE7C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:213E87873B1B9962C2B5FEB5FC04FCF2:AC48604A3B1B9960C1D8FDE9FB35FE7C" box="[987,1168,460,481]" county="Los Angeles Co." latitude="33.454" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-118.5178" name="Santa Catalina Isl." pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Santa Catalina Isl.</location>
, west end, i.30.2010,
<collectorName id="046253473B1B9960C17FFDC3FBA3FE66" box="[892,1030,486,507]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">M.S. Caterino</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="046253473B1B9960C62AFDC3FB35FE66" box="[1065,1168,486,507]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">K.J. Hopp</collectorName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6E974D123B1B9960C0AEFE25FC90FD88" box="[685,821,512,533]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Lyonothamnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B1B9960C0AEFE25FC90FD88" box="[685,821,512,533]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Lyonothamnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
litter”,
<collectionCode id="CF86AE543B1B9960C17DFE24FC61FD8B" box="[894,964,513,534]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">SBMN</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E18D651A3B1B9960C0C6FE3EFCEBFD77" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="A92836913B1B9960C0C6FE3EFCEBFD77" blockId="1.[685,1172,194,799]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B1B9960C0C6FE3EFC8BFDAD" bold="true" box="[709,814,539,560]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This species is highly distinctive in the genus
<taxonomicName id="6E974D123B1B9960C10FFE10FCEAFDD7" box="[780,847,565,586]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Actium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B1B9960C10FFE10FCEAFDD7" box="[780,847,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Actium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The combination of reduced eyes (
<figureCitation id="31AC2A143B1B9960C0B6FE74FD5CFDFB" box="[693,761,593,614]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="1.[175,215,1686,1705]" captionTargetBox="[151,1171,833,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-286@1.[151,1171,833,1663]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figs. 1–4. Scanning electron micrographs of paratype female of Actium vestigialis. 1) Dorsal habitus; 2) Head, lateral view; 3) Prothorax, dorsal view; 4) Head, dorsofrontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102135/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), strongly basally narrowed pronotum (
<figureCitation id="31AC2A143B1B9960C0B7FE4EFD4EFD1D" box="[692,747,619,640]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="1.[175,215,1686,1705]" captionTargetBox="[151,1171,833,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-286@1.[151,1171,833,1663]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figs. 1–4. Scanning electron micrographs of paratype female of Actium vestigialis. 1) Dorsal habitus; 2) Head, lateral view; 3) Prothorax, dorsal view; 4) Head, dorsofrontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102135/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) and anteriorly narrowed elytra (
<figureCitation id="31AC2A143B1B9960C61EFE4EFBF1FD1D" box="[1053,1108,619,640]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[197,237,1162,1181]" captionTargetBox="[173,1193,183,1138]" captionTargetId="figure-271@2.[173,1193,183,1138]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 5–10. Scanning electron micrographs of paratype female of Actium vestigialis. 5) Elytra, dorsal view; 6) First visible abdominal tergite, dorsal view; 7) Antenna; 8) Mesofemur and mesotibia; 9) Profemur and protibia; 10) Metafemur and metatibia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102137/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) (both probably related to its brachyptery), elongate carinae of abdominal tergite 1 (
<figureCitation id="31AC2A143B1B9960C1ACFE85FC42FD28" box="[943,999,672,693]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[197,237,1162,1181]" captionTargetBox="[173,1193,183,1138]" captionTargetId="figure-271@2.[173,1193,183,1138]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 5–10. Scanning electron micrographs of paratype female of Actium vestigialis. 5) Elytra, dorsal view; 6) First visible abdominal tergite, dorsal view; 7) Antenna; 8) Mesofemur and mesotibia; 9) Profemur and protibia; 10) Metafemur and metatibia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102137/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
), and lack of male secondary abdominal modifications separate it from all other species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E18D651A3B1B9962C0C6FED5FC0BFC98" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="190" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="description">
<paragraph id="A92836913B1B9962C0C6FED5FDCDFB88" blockId="1.[685,1172,194,799]" lastBlockId="3.[151,639,758,1204]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="190" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B1B9960C0C6FED5FCE4FC98" bold="true" box="[709,833,752,773]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Description.</emphasis>
Total body length
<quantity id="6E6F9B743B1B9960C1FDFED5FBEEFC98" box="[1022,1099,752,773]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
; pronotal width
<quantity id="6E6F9B743B1B9960C10EFF2FFCCDFC82" box="[781,872,778,799]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="0.31">0.31 mm</quantity>
; elytral width
<quantity id="6E6F9B743B1B9960C1FAFF2FFBF1FC82" box="[1017,1108,778,799]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.50 mm</quantity>
. Body light rufescent, shining, covered with short, appressed setae; head widest behind eyes, narrowed strongly to bases of antennae and mandibles; head with about 60 clubbed ventral setae (
<figureCitation id="31AC2A143B189963C01CF91DFDF9FAD0" box="[543,604,1336,1357]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="1.[175,215,1686,1705]" captionTargetBox="[151,1171,833,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-286@1.[151,1171,833,1663]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figs. 1–4. Scanning electron micrographs of paratype female of Actium vestigialis. 1) Dorsal habitus; 2) Head, lateral view; 3) Prothorax, dorsal view; 4) Head, dorsofrontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102135/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
); eye composed of 5–7 facets, same in both sexes; frons with deep foveae, about as widely separated as the antennal insertions across middle, connected anteriorly by shallow v-shaped depression (
<figureCitation id="31AC2A143B189963C04BF987FD23FA2A" box="[584,646,1442,1463]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="1.[175,215,1686,1705]" captionTargetBox="[151,1171,833,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-286@1.[151,1171,833,1663]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figs. 1–4. Scanning electron micrographs of paratype female of Actium vestigialis. 1) Dorsal habitus; 2) Head, lateral view; 3) Prothorax, dorsal view; 4) Head, dorsofrontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102135/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
); vertex shallowly depressed posterad, with small cervical denticle in depression; clypeus with prominent setae directed anteromesally in anterolateral corners; labrum with several setae anteromesally directed near each side, with only short fine setae between. Antennae (
<figureCitation id="31AC2A143B189963C37BFA67FE10F9CA" box="[376,437,1602,1623]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[197,237,1162,1181]" captionTargetBox="[173,1193,183,1138]" captionTargetId="figure-271@2.[173,1193,183,1138]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 5–10. Scanning electron micrographs of paratype female of Actium vestigialis. 5) Elytra, dorsal view; 6) First visible abdominal tergite, dorsal view; 7) Antenna; 8) Mesofemur and mesotibia; 9) Profemur and protibia; 10) Metafemur and metatibia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102137/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) about 1.5 times head length, antennomeres 1 and 2 approximately equal, about 1.5 times as long as wide, antennomeres 3–7 approximately equal, rounded, slightly broader than long, antennomeres 8–10 progressively more asym- metrically broadened medially, antennomere 10 disk-like and approximately 4 times as wide as long; antennal club more or less symmetrical, equal in length to antennomeres 7–10. Prothorax (
<figureCitation id="31AC2A143B189963C666F91DFB04FAD0" box="[1125,1185,1336,1357]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="1.[175,215,1686,1705]" captionTargetBox="[151,1171,833,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-286@1.[151,1171,833,1663]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figs. 1–4. Scanning electron micrographs of paratype female of Actium vestigialis. 1) Dorsal habitus; 2) Head, lateral view; 3) Prothorax, dorsal view; 4) Head, dorsofrontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102135/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) broadest in anterior third, strongly narrowed posterad, at base little more than half as wide as widest point; disk with deep lateral fovea on each side behind middle, connected by shallowly impressed transverse depression, a shallow median longitudinal depression present behind the transverse one; prothoracic sides rounded, unmargined and lacking lateral crenulations. Prosternum with deep, setose, lateral foveae, hypomera smooth. Elytra (
<figureCitation id="31AC2A143B189963C666FA02FB04F9A1" box="[1125,1185,1575,1596]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[197,237,1162,1181]" captionTargetBox="[173,1193,183,1138]" captionTargetId="figure-271@2.[173,1193,183,1138]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 5–10. Scanning electron micrographs of paratype female of Actium vestigialis. 5) Elytra, dorsal view; 6) First visible abdominal tergite, dorsal view; 7) Antenna; 8) Mesofemur and mesotibia; 9) Profemur and protibia; 10) Metafemur and metatibia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102137/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) strongly narrowed to base, with two basal foveae and deep subhumeral fovea; sutural stria complete, discal stria extending to about elytral midpoint; subhumeral stria extending length of elytron. Metathoracic wings vestigial. Mesosternum with small mesal and larger lateral foveae along anterior margin; mesepimeron glabrous. Metasternum with pair of small lateral metasternal foveae and larger lateral mesocoxal foveae; metasternum not noticeably shortened. Prothoracic femora with setose depression in basal two-thirds of anterior face; tibiae lacking modified spurs or apical projections. Base of first visible abdominal tergite (
<figureCitation id="31AC2A143B199962C3C5FF95FDA5FC58" box="[454,512,944,965]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[197,237,1162,1181]" captionTargetBox="[173,1193,183,1138]" captionTargetId="figure-271@2.[173,1193,183,1138]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 5–10. Scanning electron micrographs of paratype female of Actium vestigialis. 5) Elytra, dorsal view; 6) First visible abdominal tergite, dorsal view; 7) Antenna; 8) Mesofemur and mesotibia; 9) Profemur and protibia; 10) Metafemur and metatibia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102137/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) with paired carinae about two-thirds length of sclerite; other tergites unmodified. First visible abdominal sternite with deep, setose foveae in anterolateral corners.
</paragraph>
<caption id="FDE866193B1B9960C2ACFAB3FD47F95C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102135" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10102135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102135/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" startId="1.[175,215,1686,1705]" targetBox="[151,1171,833,1663]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="A92836913B1B9960C2ACFAB3FD47F95C" blockId="1.[151,1172,1686,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B1B9960C2ACFAB3FEA9F934" bold="true" box="[175,268,1686,1705]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Figs. 1–4.</emphasis>
Scanning electron micrographs of paratype female of
<taxonomicName id="6E974D123B1B9960C0F9FAB3FC37F934" box="[762,914,1686,1705]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Actium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vestigialis">
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B1B9960C0F9FAB3FC37F934" box="[762,914,1686,1705]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Actium vestigialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B1B9960C1A3FAB3FC16F934" bold="true" box="[928,947,1686,1705]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">1)</emphasis>
Dorsal habitus;
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B1B9960C645FAB3FBFFF934" bold="true" box="[1094,1114,1686,1705]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">2)</emphasis>
Head, lateral view;
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B1B9960C30BFA8BFEB9F95C" bold="true" box="[264,284,1710,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">3)</emphasis>
Prothorax, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B1B9960C3F0FA8BFDA3F95C" bold="true" box="[499,518,1710,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">4)</emphasis>
Head, dorsofrontal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FDE866193B189963C2C6F8AFFEC5FB50" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102137" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10102137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102137/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" startId="2.[197,237,1162,1181]" targetBox="[173,1193,183,1138]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="A92836913B189963C2C6F8AFFEC5FB50" blockId="2.[173,1193,1161,1229]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B189963C2C6F8AFFE8CFB00" bold="true" box="[197,297,1161,1181]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Figs. 5–10.</emphasis>
Scanning electron micrographs of paratype female of
<taxonomicName id="6E974D123B189963C106F8ACFC3EFB01" box="[773,923,1161,1180]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Actium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vestigialis">
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B189963C106F8ACFC3EFB01" box="[773,923,1161,1180]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Actium vestigialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B189963C1A5F8AFFC1CFB00" bold="true" box="[934,953,1162,1181]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">5)</emphasis>
Elytra, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B189963C669F8AFFBD8FB00" bold="true" box="[1130,1149,1162,1181]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">6)</emphasis>
First visible abdominal tergite, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B189963C3FFF887FDAAFB28" bold="true" box="[508,527,1186,1205]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">7)</emphasis>
Antenna;
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B189963C069F887FDD8FB28" bold="true" box="[618,637,1186,1205]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">8)</emphasis>
Mesofemur and mesotibia;
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B189963C16CF887FC27FB28" bold="true" box="[879,898,1186,1205]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">9)</emphasis>
Profemur and protibia;
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B189963C651F887FBD5FB28" bold="true" box="[1106,1136,1186,1205]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">10)</emphasis>
Metafemur and metatibia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FDE866193B199962C2ACFE70FE0BFD55" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102139" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10102139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102139/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" startId="3.[175,216,597,616]" targetBox="[166,627,191,565]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="A92836913B199962C2ACFE70FE0BFD55" blockId="3.[151,638,597,712]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B199962C2ACFE70FE85FDF5" bold="true" box="[175,288,597,616]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Figs. 11–14.</emphasis>
Diagnostic morphological features of
<taxonomicName id="6E974D123B199962C294FE48FE82FD1D" box="[151,295,621,640]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Actium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vestigialis">
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B199962C294FE48FE82FD1D" box="[151,295,621,640]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Actium vestigialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B199962C333FE48FEE9FD1D" bold="true" box="[304,332,621,640]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">11)</emphasis>
Aedeagus,left lateral view;
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B199962C02CFE48FDEBFD1D" bold="true" box="[559,590,621,640]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">12)</emphasis>
Apex of parameres and median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B199962C294FEB8FF13FD2D" bold="true" box="[151,182,669,688]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">13)</emphasis>
Male mesothoracic leg, anterior view;
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B199962C00DFEB8FD89FD2D" bold="true" box="[526,556,669,688]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">14)</emphasis>
Sternites IX and X of female, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A92836913B199962C2ACF83FFB22FEEA" blockId="3.[151,639,758,1204]" lastBlockId="3.[685,1173,194,879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B199962C2ACF83FFF4FFBB2" bold="true" box="[175,234,1050,1071]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Male.</emphasis>
Secondary sexual characters of male limited to mesofemur and mesotrochanter: mesofemur (
<figureCitation id="31AC2A143B199962C29DF86AFF46FBF9" box="[158,227,1103,1124]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[175,216,597,616]" captionTargetBox="[166,627,191,565]" captionTargetId="figure-523@3.[151,638,183,574]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 11–14. Diagnostic morphological features of Actium vestigialis. 11) Aedeagus,left lateral view;12) Apex of parameres and median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal view; 13) Male mesothoracic leg, anterior view; 14) Sternites IX and X of female, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102139/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
) with bluntly triangular tooth in basal onefourth of posterior margin, margin otherwise weakly arcuate; mesotrochanter with small posterior tooth. Male abdomen unmodified, lacking processes or depressions of lateral portions of sterna; pregenital sterna not depressed at middle. Aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="31AC2A143B199962C0B6FCD2FC8EFE91" box="[693,811,247,268]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[175,216,597,616]" captionTargetBox="[166,627,191,565]" captionTargetId="figure-523@3.[151,638,183,574]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 11–14. Diagnostic morphological features of Actium vestigialis. 11) Aedeagus,left lateral view;12) Apex of parameres and median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal view; 13) Male mesothoracic leg, anterior view; 14) Sternites IX and X of female, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102139/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Figs. 11, 12</figureCitation>
) basally bulbous, with ventral transverse flange approximately one-third from apex; apices of parameres projecting slightly beyond obliquely truncate apex of median lobe; median lobe and one paramere each bearing a single seta.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A92836913B199962C0C6FD59FC5EFE5B" blockId="3.[685,1173,194,879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B199962C0C6FD59FCB3FE0C" bold="true" box="[709,790,380,401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Female.</emphasis>
Sternite IX (
<figureCitation id="31AC2A143B199962C19FFD59FC47FE0C" box="[924,994,380,401]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[175,216,597,616]" captionTargetBox="[166,627,191,565]" captionTargetId="figure-523@3.[151,638,183,574]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 11–14. Diagnostic morphological features of Actium vestigialis. 11) Aedeagus,left lateral view;12) Apex of parameres and median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal view; 13) Male mesothoracic leg, anterior view; 14) Sternites IX and X of female, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102139/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
) with curved, elevated projections originating near the base, directed apicad; sternite X apically divided.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A92836913B199962C0C6FDE9FC0BFC98" blockId="3.[685,1173,194,879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B199962C0C6FDE9FCC8FE7C" bold="true" box="[709,877,460,481]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Ecological Data.</emphasis>
Two of the
<typeStatus id="762C88333B199962C1F5FDE9FBEBFE7C" box="[1014,1102,460,481]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
specimens were sifted from litter of
<taxonomicName id="6E974D123B199962C1D0FDC3FC1DFD8B" authority="floribundus Gray" authorityName="Gray" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Lyonothamnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="floribundus" subSpecies="floribundus">
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B199962C1D0FDC3FCDDFD88" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Lyonothamnus floribundus floribundus</emphasis>
Gray
</taxonomicName>
, the Catalina Island ironwood (
<taxonomicName id="6E974D123B199962C115FE3EFCD0FDAD" box="[790,885,539,560]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
). This tree species has a relictual distribution on the Channel Islands, being known from the mainland from fossil records only. It is tempting to assign some significance to this association in terms of the beetle’ s endemicity. However, the largest series of the new species was taken from
<taxonomicName id="6E974D123B199962C119FE9FFCCDFD52" box="[794,872,698,719]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B199962C119FE9FFCCDFD52" box="[794,872,698,719]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(live oak) litter on the northern face of a shaded hilltop, from around some small boulder outcrops (
<figureCitation id="31AC2A143B199962C158FED5FC07FC98" box="[859,930,752,773]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[175,209,1638,1657]" captionTargetBox="[151,637,1251,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-567@3.[151,638,1251,1615]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 15. Map of Santa Catalina Island, showing location relative to the southern California coast (inset), and collection localities of type series: type locality (star), additional locality (dot)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102143" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10102143/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E18D651A3B199962C0C6FF2FFC04FCF2" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A92836913B199962C0C6FF2FFC04FCF2" blockId="3.[685,1173,194,879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="9BE3EA833B199962C0C6FF2FFC8CFC82" bold="true" box="[709,809,778,799]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Remarks.</emphasis>
We name this species in recognition of its numerous morphological reductions, brachyptery, microphthalmy, and loss of male secondary abdominal modifications.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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