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<document id="CD1ED8DAD7C49A6B507B902EC3F8DF11" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2016.246" ID-GBIF-Dataset="974cc5c4-de6b-4623-b8c7-66d8667aa00e" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="193045" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:966C5DFD-72A9-4567-9DB7-E4C56974DDFA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1481039213991" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mostafa R. Sharaf, Shehzad Salman, Hathal M. Al Dhafer, Shahid A. Akbar, Mahmoud S. Abdel-Dayem &amp; Abdulrahman S. Aldawood" docDate="2016" docId="03F0F7622C609746FF1550A28D1CFA83" docLanguage="en" docName="370-1886-1-SM.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 246" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Trichomyrmex" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="FFC98F1A2C7E9758FFA851648F59FFC9" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Trichomyrmex Mayr, 1865 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Arabian Peninsula, with the description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1698396128482" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="57C2A9637462336FB8EE4776B0CDEDC8">Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Trichomyrmex Mayr, 1865 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Arabian Peninsula, with the description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FA2662241A3B45ED1A92CA535BC9F77B">Mostafa R. Sharaf</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E23A6B1B03038C7B5EA680D7D54E3203">Shehzad Salman</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CCDCD38B78FE8A49B9CA922089801843">Hathal M. Al Dhafer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4FA0A3094DB83E160D6F1BDD66A06B90">Shahid A. Akbar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C0CD3AEAC38C8DFB156DF8DC953A598C">Mahmoud S. Abdel-Dayem</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A45258BA042CBC266AA438A48D503B0D">Abdulrahman S. Aldawood</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1DC539A9A42F64A0DA90C7FF08816BFE">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03F0F7622C609746FF1550A28D1CFA83" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6060820" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124955325" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6060820" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F0F7622C609746FF1550A28D1CFA83" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F0F7622C609746FF1550A28D1CFA83" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<subSubSection id="C34315FF2C609746FF1550A28C61FE2B" box="[189,824,454,483]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE646742C609746FF1550A28C61FE2B" blockId="30.[189,824,454,483]" box="[189,824,454,483]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<heading id="D0AEF1182C609746FF1550A28C61FE2B" bold="true" box="[189,824,454,483]" fontSize="12" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="0">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C609746FF1550A28C61FE2B" bold="true" box="[189,824,454,483]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C609746FF1550A28EAEFE2A" bold="true" box="[189,503,454,483]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Distribution of Arabian</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C609746FE5750A28D90FE2A" box="[511,713,454,483]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trichomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trichomyrmex</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C609746FD7950A28C61FE2B" bold="true" box="[721,824,454,482]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">species.</emphasis>
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C34315FF2C609746FF15509E8A2EFDDD" box="[189,1399,506,532]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE646742C609746FF15509E8A2EFDDD" blockId="30.[189,1399,506,532]" box="[189,1399,506,532]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Geographic distributions of the
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C609746FD85509E8D8FFDDD" box="[557,726,506,532]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trichomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C609746FD85509E8D8FFDDD" box="[557,726,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Trichomyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in the Arabian Peninsula are shown in
<figureCitation id="13625AF12C609746FB5E509E8A2AFDDD" box="[1270,1395,506,532]" captionStart-0="Fig. 14" captionStart-1="Fig. 15" captionStart-2="Fig. 16" captionStart-3="Fig. 17" captionStartId-0="31.[189,232,1066,1092]" captionStartId-1="31.[189,232,1999,2025]" captionStartId-2="32.[189,232,1064,1090]" captionStartId-3="32.[189,232,1997,2023]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1397,266,1024]" captionTargetBox-1="[191,1400,1194,1962]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1398,261,1023]" captionTargetBox-3="[189,1398,1195,1959]" captionTargetId-0="figure@31.[189,1398,265,1024]" captionTargetId-1="figure@31.[191,1400,1194,1962]" captionTargetId-2="figure@32.[189,1398,261,1023]" captionTargetId-3="figure@32.[189,1398,1195,1959]" captionTargetPageId-0="31" captionTargetPageId-1="31" captionTargetPageId-2="32" captionTargetPageId-3="32" captionText-0="Fig. 14. Distribution map of Trichomyrmex abyssinicus (Forel, 1894 a), T. almosayari sp. nov., T. chobauti (Emery, 1897), T. lameerei (Forel, 1902) and T. shakeri sp. nov." captionText-1="Fig. 15. Distribution map of Trichomyrmex destructor (Jerdon, 1851)." captionText-2="Fig. 16. Distribution map of Trichomyrmex mayri (Forel, 1902)." captionText-3="Fig. 17. Distribution map of Trichomyrmex perplexus (Radchenko, 1997) and T. robustior (Forel, 1892)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/193059/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/193060/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/193061/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/193062/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figs 14–17</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34315FF2C609746FF15535A8D1CFA83" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE646742C609746FF15535A8E0EFD94" blockId="30.[189,343,574,605]" box="[189,343,574,605]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<heading id="D0AEF1182C609746FF15535A8E0EFD94" bold="true" box="[189,343,574,605]" fontSize="13" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="0">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C609746FF15535A8E0EFD94" bold="true" box="[189,343,574,605]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Discussion</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE646742C609746FF1553108A33FC61" blockId="30.[189,1399,628,936]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Among the nine species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C609746FDDA53108C44FD47" box="[626,797,628,654]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trichomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C609746FDDA53108C44FD47" box="[626,797,628,654]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Trichomyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reported from the Arabian Peninsula,
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C609746FB4B53118A1BFD47" box="[1251,1346,629,654]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trichomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C609746FB4B53118A1BFD47" box="[1251,1346,629,654]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">T. mayri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C609746FF1553FC8E0AFD78" box="[189,339,663,689]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trichomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="destructor">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C609746FF1553FC8E0AFD78" box="[189,339,663,689]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">T. destructor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are the most abundant ones. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C609746FCBE53FC8C2DFD78" box="[790,884,664,689]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trichomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C609746FCBE53FC8C2DFD78" box="[790,884,664,689]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">T. mayri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the most successfully distributed species, since it has the ability to establish itself in a broad range of habitats, including desert and agricultural, wild and urban, pristine and disturbed sites (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC83B852C609746FCA353BA8CA8FD31" author="Collingwood C. A." box="[779,1009,733,760]" journalOrPublisher="Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="230 - 302" part="7" refString="Collingwood C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 230 - 302." title="Hymenoptera: Fam" type="journal article" year="1985">Collingwood 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC83B852C609746FBAD53BA8A28FD31" author="Collingwood C. A. &amp; Agosti D." box="[1029,1393,734,760]" journalOrPublisher="Fauna of Saudi Arabia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="300 - 385" part="15" refString="Collingwood C. A. &amp; Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (Part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300 - 385." title="Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (Part 2)" type="journal article" year="1996">Collingwood &amp; Agosti 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC83B852C609746FF1552658EBBFCD2" author="Collingwood C. A. &amp; Tigar B. J. &amp; Agosti D." box="[189,482,769,795]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Arid Environments" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="505 - 512" part="37" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.1997.0309" refString="Collingwood C. A., Tigar B. J. &amp; Agosti D. 1997. Introduced ants in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Arid Environments 37: 505 - 512. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / jare. 1997.0309" title="Introduced ants in the United Arab Emirates" type="journal article" year="1997">
Collingwood
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C609746FEC952668EC6FCD2" box="[353,415,769,795]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
1997
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC83B852C609746FE4752658D70FCD2" author="Collingwood C. A. &amp; Agosti D. &amp; Sharaf M. R. &amp; Harten A." box="[495,553,769,795]" journalOrPublisher="Arthropod Fauna of the United Arab Emirates" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="405 - 474" part="4" refString="Collingwood C. A., Agosti D., Sharaf M. R. &amp; Harten A. 2011. Order Hymenoptera, Family Formicidae. Arthropod Fauna of the United Arab Emirates 4: 405 - 474." title="Order Hymenoptera, Family Formicidae" type="journal article" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
). These observations agree with
<bibRefCitation id="EFC83B852C609746FC1E52658BB4FCD2" author="Collingwood C. A. &amp; Pohl H. &amp; Gusten R. &amp; Wranik W. &amp; Harten A." box="[950,1261,769,795]" journalOrPublisher="Fauna of Arabia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="473 - 495" part="20" refString="Collingwood C. A., Pohl H., Gusten R., Wranik W. &amp; Harten A. 2004. The ants (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Socotra Archipelago. Fauna of Arabia 20: 473 - 495." title="The ants (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Socotra Archipelago" type="journal article" year="2004">
Collingwood
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C609746FBF352668BC1FCD2" box="[1115,1176,769,795]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
(2004)
</bibRefCitation>
and Sharaf
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C609746FF1552418FAFFCF7" box="[189,246,804,830]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
(in press) on Socotra, where
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C609746FDEA52418DF9FCF7" box="[578,672,805,830]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trichomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C609746FDEA52418DF9FCF7" box="[578,672,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">T. mayri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a broad distributional range on the Archipelago, occurring in different habitats. The species is also recorded from different localities in Egypt, including the Sinai and Nile Delta (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC83B852C609746FEDF520E8D54FC4C" author="Sharaf M. R." box="[375,525,874,901]" journalOrPublisher="Ain Shams University, Faculty of Science, Entomology Department, Cairo [unpublished thesis]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Sharaf M. R. 2006. Taxonomic and Ecological Studies on Family Formicidae (Order: Hymenoptera) in Egypt including some Protectorates with a Study of some Insect Fauna associated with Ant Species. Ain Shams University, Faculty of Science, Entomology Department, Cairo [unpublished thesis]." title="Taxonomic and Ecological Studies on Family Formicidae (Order: Hymenoptera) in Egypt including some Protectorates with a Study of some Insect Fauna associated with Ant Species" type="book" year="2006">Sharaf 2006</bibRefCitation>
). The two species are recorded here for the first time from Qatar, which is not surprising, especially under the intensive urbanization that has occurred recently (UNCSD 2004).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE646742C609746FF1552AB8D1CFA83" blockId="30.[189,1399,975,1354]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C609746FF1552AB8EEDFC20" box="[189,436,975,1001]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trichomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C609746FF1552AB8EEDFC20" box="[189,436,975,1001]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Trichomyrmex mayri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C609746FD3952B48C70FC20" box="[657,809,975,1001]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trichomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="destructor">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C609746FD3952B48C70FC20" box="[657,809,975,1001]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">T. destructor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in all morphological characters except the colour, which is uniform dark brown in the former and yellow to brown yellow with a dark brown gaster in the latter. Although the separation of species based on colour is a feeble character, especially for genera that having distinct colour variation, like
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C609746FDDC555D8C46FB9A" box="[628,799,1081,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trichomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C609746FDDC555D8C46FB9A" box="[628,799,1081,1107]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Trichomyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C609746FCF2555E8CA2FB9A" box="[858,1019,1082,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C609746FCF2555E8CA2FB9A" box="[858,1019,1082,1107]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Monomorium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is observed that the colour is consistent for the studied material of both species in the Arabian Peninsula; therefore, we treat both as valid species. However, it is likely that a future probability for synonymizing
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C609746FBDE55E48BE5FB50" box="[1142,1212,1152,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trichomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C609746FBDE55E48BE5FB50" box="[1142,1212,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">mayri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C609746FB54551B8A2EFB50" box="[1276,1399,1151,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trichomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="destructor">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C609746FB54551B8A2EFB50" box="[1276,1399,1151,1177]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">destructor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exists especially when using molecular techniques.
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C609746FC8A55C68B04FB75" box="[802,1117,1186,1212]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trichomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abyssinicus">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C609746FC8A55C68B04FB75" box="[802,1117,1186,1212]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Trichomyrmex abyssinicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is reported here for the first time from Saudi Arabia. The newly described species
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C609746FCC555A28B57FB29" box="[877,1038,1222,1248]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trichomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="almosayari" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C609746FCC555A28B57FB29" box="[877,1038,1222,1248]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">T. almosayari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E271D2C609746FBBC55A28B34FB29" box="[1044,1133,1222,1248]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C593DF72C609746FB0C55A28A41FB29" box="[1188,1304,1222,1248]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Trichomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shakeri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92D9A662C609746FB0C55A28A41FB29" box="[1188,1304,1222,1248]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">T. shakeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E271D2C609746FAB755A28A2EFB29" box="[1311,1399,1222,1248]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
appear to be restricted to Riyadh Province (Central region). Relatively few specimens of the three species have been collected despite intensive efforts using a variety of sampling methods. All specimens were collected using pitfall traps.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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